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In order to study the temperature-increasing oxidation characteristics of lignite under oxygen-poor conditions, the coal sample of 1# coal seam of Baorixile 1# coal mine was taken as the research object, and the coal samples were subjected to temperature-oxidation under different oxygen concentrations by thermogravimetry-gas chromatography. The thermal characteristic curves（TG, DTG, DSC） of lignite under oxygen-depleted conditions were obtained through experiments. At the same time, the activation energy of pyrolysis stage and combustion stage of coal samples were calculated by Coats-Redfern kinetic equation. The results show that the oxygen-depleted environment has different degrees of influence on each stage of coal combustion. As the oxygen concentration decreases, the characteristic temperatures T3, T4, and Tmax gradually increase; the weight gain and heat release gradually decrease during the oxygen absorption and weight increase phase; the weight loss, the heat release and the activation energy of the pyrolysis and combustion phases gradually decrease. The peak temperature of CO and CO2 shifts to the high temperature region and the peak concentration decreases.