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ObjectiveTo explore the association between air pollutants and hospital outpatient visits in a district of Shanghai.MethodsDaily meteorological data， environmental data， data of outpatient visits to two secondary hospitals and two tertiary hospitals in this district from January 1， 2015 to December 31， 2019 were collected. A Poisson regression generalized linear model was used to analyze the exposure-response relationship between the air pollutants and hospital outpatient visits in this area.ResultsDuring the study period， the total number of outpatient visits in the included hospitals was 17 802 634， with an average daily total of （9 750±4 191） outpatient visits，and an average daily of （761±341） respiratory outpatient visits. In the lag effect of single pollutant model， when the concentration of air pollutant increased by 10 μg·m-3， PM2.5， SO2， NO2 had the maximum lag effect on the number of outpatient visits in the department of internal medicine for respiratory diseases on lag day 4， day 5 and day 7， respectively. And the RR values and 95%CI were 1.002 0（1.001 3‒1.002 6）， 1.0154（1.012 3‒1.018 5）， and 1.006 1（1.005 3‒1.006 9）， respectively.ConclusionThere is a exposure-response relationship between air pollutants and the number of outpatient visits in each department of the hospitals， and different pollutants have different degrees of lag effects.

For identifying the relative corrosion resistance among the hot-dip pure Zn sheet, Zn-Fe sheet and Zn-Al-Mg sheet，and providing data support to switch to Zn-Al-Mg steel sheet, scanning electron microscope(SEM)was utilized to observe the section micro morphology and surface microstructure characteristics after phosphating of the three kinds of coatings.Meanwhile, the weight loss and average corrosion rate of different types of coated steel and the same type of coated steel with different coating weights after experiment were compared via neutral salt spray test.Results showed that The corrosion resistance of Zn-Fe alloy plate after phosphating was equivalent to that of pure zinc plate, and Zn-Al-Mg plate had the best corrosion resistance, and the relative corrosion resistance was about 6.5 times that of the pure zinc plate and Zn-Fe alloy plate.Compared with 50 g/m2 pure zinc plate and Zn-Fe alloy plate, the Zn-Al-Mg plate with 35 g/m2 coating weight had higher corrosion resistance.

Based on different high-entropy alloys (HEAs) systems, the latest research progress in additive manufactured high-entropy alloys was reviewed. The rapid solidification microstructure, segregation and precipitation behaviors of high-entropy alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing with different compositions were described. Especially, the analysis was focused on the mechanical properties, deformation and strengthening mechanisms. It was pointed out that the appropriate additive manufacturing process should be selected for different high-entropy alloy systems, and the influencing factors of forming quality need to be further studied. Finally, it was proposed that high-entropy alloys with both excellent strength and high plasticity can be developed and prepared by additive manufacturing technology.

For problem of low localization accuracy of quantum particle swarm optimization-sequence based localization (QPSO-SBL) method, a wireless access point(AP) selection algorithm based on information gain was used to optimize QPSO-SBL method, and a coal mine underground localization method based on wireless AP selection was proposed. In the method, all APs are ranked in descending order according to comprehensive identifiability of AP, and the first k APs are chosen to form an available AP set. The available AP set is considered as input of QPSO-SBL method, and localization results are obtained by QPSO-SBL method. The test results show that compared with QPSO-SBL method, the average localization error of the coal mine underground localization method based on wireless AP selection is reduced by 10.2% with stronger stability and better localization effect.

Based on comprehensive analysis of deposition and structure, the horizontal and vertical characteristics of the Weiyuan-Anyue erosion-extension groove have been studied by outcrop, drilling, well logging and seismic data. According to the strata, lithology, structure and regional evolution, Sinian system before the erosion has been reconstructed to show the development and transformation of the erosion-extension groove in the Tongwan movement. The Weiyuan-Anyue tensional corrosion trough is distributed along the Penglai-Anyue-Rongchang in NW direction, with the west area steeper than the east in groove. According to the study of the Weiyuan-Longnüsi seismic profile across the middle area of erosion-extension groove, the formation of the Weiyuan-Anyue tensional corrosion trough is the synthetic result of different geological processes from differential uplift, differential erosion and dissolution in the Dengying Formation caused by the multiple-phase episode grabon or horst movement of the basement fault in Sinian. The formation of the Weiyuan-Anyue erosion-extension groove can be divided into three stages, and the erosion and dissolution can be calculated quantitatively by denudation recovery profile, its maximum can reach 600 m. Key words: Sichuan Basin, Sinian, Weiyuan-Anyue, tensional corrosion trough, formation and evolution

The validation of remote sensing products (RSPs) is necessary for the quality assessment of RSPs in order to ensure the reliable and effective application of RSPs. However, the existing validation of RSPs lacks large - scale engineering reference datasets above the regional level. In view of this fact, this study proposed a cross - validation - based method for constructing a reference dataset for RSP validation. First, a reference dataset of China organized by sheet and time was constructed using the Landsat8 OLI data whose accuracy had been verified. Then, the annual optimal reference dataset, which was easy to retrieve and update and enabled large - scale construction, was formed finally. After seven bands of the ZY1E hyperspectrum were matched according to the center wavelength, the reference dataset was used to verify the reflectance of ZY1E images. The calculation of the confusion matrix between ground truth (GT) data and automatic rating results yielded an overall accuracy of 87% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.83, meeting the requirements for engineering applications. The method for constructing a reference dataset proposed in this study provides technical support for large - scale, engineering - oriented RSP validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the condition of the same cavity depth, four circular cavity combined filter rods with different cavity diameter were designed, and the influence of cavity diameter on the main physical and chemical indexes and sensory quality of cigarettes was studied. The results showed as follows: the release amounts of total particulate matter, tar and nicotine of circular cavity combined filter cigarettes increased with the increase of cavity diameter, and were higher than those of cigarettes with ordinary cellulose acetate filters. The nicotine interception in ordinary tow segment had little change, while the nicotine interception in the tow segment of the cavity filter rod and the nicotine interception per unit area gradually decreased with the increase of the cavity diameter. With the increase of cavity diameter, the hazard index of combined filter cigarettes increased, and the offset of cigarette hazard index gradually increased. The sensory quality evaluation score of combined filter cigarettes decreased with the increase of the cavity diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slim cigarette samples with different filter parameters (filter ventilation and filter rod pressure drop) were prepared with 6. 0Y/17000 tow, and the effects of filter parameters on its main physical and chemical indexes (cigarette draw resistance, nicotine filtration efficiency, tar release, nicotine release, CO release, mainstream smoke pH) and sensory quality were investigated. The results showed that the cigarettes draw resistance showed a positive correlation with filter rod pressure drop, and a negative correlation with filter ventilation, changing the same filter rod pressure drop, the change range of slim cigarette draw resistance was about 1/2 that of conventional cigarette, changing the same filter ventilation, the change range of slim cigarette draw resistance was about 1. 7 times that of conventional cigarette. The filter efficiency of slim cigarette for nicotine had positive correlation with the filter rod pressure drop and the filter ventilation and the filtration efficiency of slim cigarette was lower than that of the conventional cigarettes. The deliveries of tar and nicotine had negative correlation with filter rod pressure drop and filter ventilation, and the influence of filter parameters on slim cigarette was lower than that of conventional cigarette. The unit tar release of CO in mainstream smoke of slim cigarette decreased with the increase of filter ventilation, while the unit tar release of nicotine increased with the increase of filter ventilation. The regression equations of cigarette draw resistance, nicotine filtration efficiency, tar, nicotine, CO and mainstream smoke pH and filter parameters were established respectively, and the prediction accuracy of the model was good. Cigarette sensory evaluation score decreased with the increase of filter rod pressure drop, and increased at first then decreased with the increase of filter ventilation, the sensory quality was the best for slim cigarettes with 40% filter ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For better design of filter rods with breakable capsules, filter rods with breakable capsules of different diameters and different positions were prepared and assembled into cigarette samples. The effects of filter rod design parameters on the major physical indexes, routine mainstream smoke indexes and nicotine filtration efficiency were investigated. The results showed that : 1) With the increase of capsule diameter, the filter ventilation rate and draw resistance of cigarettes increased by 28.4% and 28.1% respectively; the releases of tar and nicotine decreased by 6.8% and 3.3% respectively; and the nicotine filtration efficiency raised by 15.8% . 2) With the increase of the capsule distance to mouth end, ventilation rate and nicotine filtration efficiency were the lowest at the shortest distance between the capsule position and ventilation hole position. 3) Post capsule crushing, cigarette draw resistance significantly decreased by 210 Pa, the maximum increases of tar and nicotine releases reached 1.9 and 0.08 mg/cigarette respectively, and nicotine filtration efficiency decreased by 16.3%. 4) Post capsule crushing, filter ventilation rate and total ventilation rate reduced generally, cigarette draw resistance increased, and nicotine and tar releases raised gradually with the increase of capsule diameter. 5) Post capsule crushing, nicotine and tar releases increased gradually and nicotine filtration efficiency decreased gradually with the increase of the distance between the capsule position and mouth end. The maximum nicotine and tar releases and the minimum nicotine filtration efficiency appeared at the shortest distance between the capsule position and ventilation hole position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the accumulative pore volume and specific surface area by pore diameter of shale samples from JY-1 well of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation and CY-1 well of Niutitang Formation, combined with the geochemical parameters and percentage of mineral components in samples, the paper analyzes the influence of shale components on the pore development differences between the two formations. The results show that TOC is positively correlated with micropores, indicating the organic micropores contribute to the development of shale pores, and organic micropores are more developed in the shale of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation than that in Niutitang Formation. The positive correlation between quartz-pyrite contents and micropores indicates the primary pores and developed marginal pores contribute to the development of shale pores. The different correlations between quartz and meso- and macropores reveal the different protection degrees of quartz to the two by biogenic quartz content. The positive correlation between pyrite content and macropores reflects that pyrite can protect macropores to a certain extent in terms of pyrite content. The negative correlation between feldspar and pores shows the less obvious support of feldspar on pores due to the influence of compaction and complex structure. The unobvious correlation between carbonate minerals and pores shows the weak rigidity and instability of chemical properties and low content have no significant influence on pore development. Compared with Niutitang Formation, the high content of rigid minerals in the shale of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation has a more favorable influence on the development of micropores (such as intergranular and marginal pores), mesopores and macropores. The negative correlations between clay minerals and micro- and mesopores indicate the intermineral pores easy to shrink under strong compaction have a negative effect on the pore development of reservoir, reflecting that the deep burial of Niutitang Formation has an unfavorable effect on the development of intermineral pores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metabolism of retinoids and their major functions to skin are briefly summarized. The formula stability, skin irritation and formula compatibility are introduced. Related cosmetic products of retinoids are also discussed. The application prospect of retinoids in cosmetics is also forecasted [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research and application status of flavoring and moisturizing filter rods based on addition of additional materials (fragrance line, capsules, gel and particles) and raw materials (triacetin, wrap paper and acetate tow), and other flavoring and moisturizing filter rods were reviewed. It was pointed out that the flavoring and moisturizing filter rods based on addition of additional materials had more loading capacity and better controllability, but the principle of flavoring and moisturizing as well as the overall impact on cigarette quality were still lack of systematic research. The preparation process of the flavoring and moisturizing filter rods based on addition of raw materials was simple and the cost was low, but the loading capacity of the additive was small and it was easy to volatilize. So it was suitable to be an auxiliary means of flavoring and moisturizing. By optimizing the structure of the filter rod and adding the auxiliary agent to the other carriers, the other flavoring and moisturizing filter rods had more function of the filter rod and better controllability. However the structure was complex, the production cost was high and the quality control was difficult. These flavoring and moisturizing filter rods had some problems, such as imperfect production technology, unstable product quality control and high production cost. The future research can integrate the existing technical means and adopt the multi-element filter rod structure to effectively improve the fragrance and moisture retention performance of the filter rod. At the same time, it can also optimize the production process of filter rod to reduce the production cost and improve the quality stability of filter rod. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orifice plate has the advantages of convenient construction, high energy dissipation efficiency, and economy, and is widely used in hydropower engineering and discharge engineering. The recovery length of the flow pressure behind the orifice plate is related to the distance arrangement between orifice plates in multi-stage orifice plate design. However, little research has been conducted on the pressure recovery length behind the orifice plate. The numerical simulation method is used to quantitatively study the influencing factors of the pressure recovery length behind the orifice plate, and the results show that the recovery length of the flow pressure behind the orifice plate is mainly dominated by the aperture ratio of orifice plate, the relative thickness of the orifice plate, and the Reynolds number of fluids flowing through orifice plate. As the Reynolds number increases to a fixed value, the pressure recovery length behind the orifice plate does not change. When the relative thickness of the aperture ratio of the orifice plate are within a certain range, the relative thickness of the orifice plate will not change, the aperture ratio of the orifice plate decreases, and the pressure recovery length behind the orifice plate increases. As the diameter ratio of orifice plate remains unchanged, the relative thickness of the orifice plate increases, and the pressure recovery length behind the orifice plate decreases. The empirical formula for the pressure recovery length behind the orifice plate is obtained by multivariate regression analysis and curve fitting, and the indoor test verification is adopted, which provide theoretical basis for distance arrangement between orifice plates in multi-stage orifice plate design.

In order to further improve the sensory quality of cigarettes, the essence was extracted from the natural tangerine, and dripped as tangerine flavored breakable capsule with different quality fractions. Test cigarettes were rolled with filters containing tangerine flavored breakable capsule. The physicochemical index and sensory quality of test cigarettes were evaluated. The results showed that: 1) Under the existing breakable capsule processing technology, stable and uniform breakable capsule could be prepared with the natural tangerine essence. 2) Compared with the control samples, the pressure drop of filter rods with capsules, the weight, draw resistance and ventilation rate of the cigarette samples increased. The release of tar and CO from the cigarette samples with breakable capsule decreased while the release of nicotine had no significant difference; After breakable capsule was crushed, the release of tar and CO increased to a certain extent, and the release of nicotine had no significant increase; 3 ) By adding breakable capsule, the stimulation of cigarettes was weakened, the aroma of the cigarettes was improved and enriched, meanwhile, the sensory quality and aspiration of interest of the cigarettes were enhanced significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of filter parameters on the release of 5 kinds of key roasted sweet aromas in mainstream smoke of fine cigarettes, 60 fine branches with different tow specifications, different filter plug pressure drops and diiferent filter ventilations were prepared, and the release of 5 kinds of key roasted sweet aromas in mainstream smoke was analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The diiference between the release of sterol and 5-methyl sterol in the mainstream smoke of fine cigarettes in diiferent tow specifications reached a very significant or significant level, and the diiference among the release of 3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, strawberry furanone, maltol and the total release of these 5 kinds of key roasted sweet aromas in diifer ent tow specifications were not significant. The comparison results showed that fine cigarettes with 11. 0Y/15000 tow had higher sterol and 5-methyl sterol release; 2) As the pressure drop of the filter rod rose, the total release of the 5 kinds of key roasted sweet aromas in mainstream smoke showed a decreasing trend; 3 ) With the increase of filter ventilation, the total release of 5 kinds of key roasted sweet aromas in mainstream smoke increased first and then decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When single layered ordinary drilling or directional drilling are used in gaspre-drainage in coal roadway strips, the long boreholes easily deviate from the trajectory and the cost of directional drilling is high. With the case study of 21601 excavation working face of Qinglong coal mine, the method of gaspre-drainage in coal roadway strips by combined ordinary drilling and directional drilling is proposed to solve the above problems. Numerical simulation results show thatwhen extracting the gas by single drilling, the axial gas pressure contour of drill hole at the end position of drill hole in the early stage is 'V' shaped distribution. As the extraction time increases, the 'V' shaped distribution of gas pressure gradually smooths. The gas pressure in the radial direction of the borehole gradually increases outwards in a ring shape with the borehole as the center. The effective extraction radius reaches 3.80 m at 93 d of pre-drainage. The ordinarydrilling and directional drilling can effectively control the gas in the range of 15 m in front of the two sides of the coal roadway and 200 m in front of the coal working face respectively. Field application results show that when ordinary drilling and directional drilling are combined for pre-drainage, the average value of total gas extractionis 19.86×103 m3, the average gas extraction volume fraction is 53.5%, the average pure gas extraction flow is 1.97 m3/min, the average mixed gasextraction is 3.68 m3/min, and the residual gas content is less than 8 m3/t.The gas extraction effect is proved to be good.

Psychological research shows that facial expressions are mainly focused on the eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth and other facial organs. So this paper proposed a component-based facial expression recognition method, which focused on analyzing the linkage variations among eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, etc. First, it used the robust discriminative response map fitting method to automatically detect eyes, eyebrows, nose and mouth. Then it extracted Haar-like features from these key facial components. Finally it used Boosting learning with a linkage mechanism to get the joint Haar feature based expression classifier. The experimental results on CMU database and JAFFE database show the good performance of the proposed approach, namely component-based facial expression recognition obtains similar recognition accuracy compared with the facial expression recognition method of marking facial critical areas manually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the core problem for cloud computing, especially the appropriate distribution of resources in heterogeneous environment, job scheduling algorithm has turned to be one of the current research focuses. This paper introduced swarm intelligence algorithm on the basis of the analysis on the default and improved Hadoop job scheduling algorithm, and proposed a new Hadoop job scheduling algorithm based on the improved artificial fish swarm algorithm. It encoded the allocated tasks by random key approach first, with the total execution time of the tasks as heuristic information, and then improved AFSA by introducing devouring and jumping behavior, last applies improved AFSA to Hadoop job scheduling algorithm in order to achieve further performance. The experimental results show that the improved AFSA in heterogeneous environments can improve system performance and reduce the computing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the gas occurrence law of Xuehu Mine, the geologic structure characteristic of Xuehu Mine was studied, and the influencing factors of gas occurrence law were analyzed. The results indicated that the gas content was high in the north and was low in the south, was high in the deep part and was low in the shallow part. The gas occurrence of Xuehu Mine was closely related to the geological conditions, such as fault structure, fold structure, magmatic activity and so on. The main controlling factors of gas occurrence in the lean coal area was the buried depth of coal seam, and the main controlling factors of gas occurrence in the anthracite area was the buried depth of coal seam and roof mudstone thickness within 20 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now, questions similarity computation methods are mainly based on general declarative sentence similarity computation methods, where only semantic similarity between two general declarative sentences is considered. While considering question similarity, both similarity between two questions and similarity between two answers should be considered. So this paper proposed a new question similarity computation method, which took into account not only semantic and syntactic characteristics between questions, but also information such as question type to indirectly get the characteristics of the answer, in order to extract deep semantic information of question, and finally to improve question similarity computation accuracy. Experimental results show that the method can achieve better accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the chemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils in different habitats of six Chinese herbal medicines, including Pyrola decorata, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Polygonatum odoratum, Potentilla glabra, Polygonum viviparum, and Potentilla fruticosa, on the Mt. Taibai of Qinling Mountains. In the rhizosphere soils of the herbs, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus and the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) were higher, presenting an obvious rhizosphere aggregation, and the soil enzyme activities also showed an overall stronger characteristics, compared with those in non-rhizosphere soils. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents in the rhizosphere soils had significant positive correlations with soil neutral phosphatase activity, and the soil CEC had significant positive correlations with the activities of soil neutral phosphatase and acid phosphatase. In the non-rhizosphere soils, the soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents had significant positive correlations with the activities of soil urease, catalase and neutral phosphatase, and the soil CEC showed a significant positive correlation with the activities of soil urease, catalase, neutral phosphatase and acid phosphatase. The comprehensive fertility level of the rhizosphere soils was higher than that of the non-rhizosphere soils, and the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of P. fruticosa, P. viviparum, and P. glabra had higher comprehensive fertility level than those of P. decorata, P. odoratum and C. fortunei. In the evaluation of the fertility levels of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under the six Chinese herbal medicines, soil organic matter content and CEC played important roles, and soil neutral phosphatase could be the preferred soil enzyme indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the suspension kinematics characteristics, by using roll center model and pitch center model, the unified formula between suspension deformation and acceleration were established, and by using g - g map, the suspension characteristics with longitudinal and lateral acceleration acting on vehicle were expressed. The toe angle, camber, as well as kingpin trailers were proposed to describe the suspension that affects vehicle dynamics. The suspension kinematics characteristics can be evaluated by g - g method not only from suspension view, but from whole car view. At last, by the suspension K & C data of an A-class car, the suspension kinematics in 3D field map was calculated by this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking four green belts with different internal constitutions and five green belts with different canopy densities along the west fourth ring road of Beijing as test objects, and by using small-scale quantitative measurement method, this paper studied the relationships between different structure urban green belts ( width 42 m) and temperature-humidity effect in Beijing. Comparing with the control, lawn had no obvious effect on the decrease of air temperature and the increase of rela-tive humidity, while shrub-herbage, tree-shrub-herbage, and tree-herbage had significant effect. When the canopy density was 10% -31% , green belts had definite effect on the decrease of air temperature and the increase of relative humidity; when the canopy density reached 44% , the effect became significant; and when the canopy density exceeded 67 % , the effect was significant and stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical simulation of penetrator with enhance lateral efficiency (PELE) penetration into oblique homogeneous target has been carried out to investigate the comprehensive terminal effects of PELE, including penetration and fragments damage. The results demonstrate that the lateral efficiency of PELE sharpens and the residual velocity declines when the angle of attack increases. It is observed that the PELE terminal effect is affected by parameters of target thickness, target material and impact velocities. In addition, when the angle of attack increases, the changing trend of the sensibility of PELE terminal effect can be estimated with the changes of parameters mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the main markers affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients and the most important reference factor for the pathological classification of breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of breast cancer with low expression of HER2 and its correlation with therapeutic effect and prognosis in neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: The patients with HER2-negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2009 to 2018 were retrospectively included. Clinicopathological information was collected, and the patients were divided into groups with low expression of HER2 (HER2-low) and no expression of HER2 (HER2-0), and their characteristic differences were analyzed. The independent influencing factors of pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated by univariate and multifactorial methods, and the prognostic differences among different HER2 expression groups were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: In the 772 patients enrolled in this study, the proportion of HER2-low was significantly higher in hormonal receptor (HR) positive patients than in HR negative patients. Multivariate analysis of logistic regression model showed that tumor size (P

Objective: This study aimed to develop an auric-lowering peptide of skipjack byproducts (SPBp) with Xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition activity and improve the utilization rate of byproducts of skipjack. Methods: Based on the response surface methodology, several parameters affecting this process were investigated, including protease types and enzymatic dosages, pH, temperature, time and their interactions on the content of amino-nitrogen, solid content and XOD inhibition activity. Results: The results showed that trypsin was the best protease. The optimal process parameters were as follows: the dosage of the enzyme was 4%, pH 8.0, temperature 55 ℃, time 5 h, solid-liquid ratio 1∶3 （g/mL）. Under the control of the optimal conditions, the solid content was 4.12%; XOD inhibition activity was 43.941%, which were all in good agreement with the predicted values. SPBp-XOIP showed strong radical scavenging activity against hydroxyl and DPPH radicals with ED50 values of 6.0 mg/mL and 10.0 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The meat of Skipjack has the potential to prepare XOD inhibitory peptides, which can be used as dietary function factors in antioxidant stress and prevention of hyperuricemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of allicin on the reduction of learning ability and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in rats. Methods The rats were divided into control group, model group, low-dose(10 mg/kg) and high-dose(40 mg/kg) of allicin group as well as positive drug group (modafinil, 20 mg/kg) with 18 in each. Morris water maze method was used to evaluate the learning ability of rats. HE and TUNEL staining microscopy was used to observe hippocampal tissue lesions and neuron apoptosis index (AI). ELISA method was used to detect tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)in hippocampal tissue. RT-qPCR was used to detect advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (RAGE), nuclear transcription factor κB(NF-κB) p65, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax) mRNA expression. Western blot was used to detect RAGE, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and Bax protein. Results Compared with the control group, the escape latency was longer, travel time was shorter, cross-platform times was reduced. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, AGEs, AI, RAGE, Bax mRNA and RAGE, p-NF-κB p65, Bax protein were increased while Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression decreased in the model group(P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the above changes in the low-dose, high-dose allcin and positive drug group were significantly alleviated. HE results showed that the damage of hippocampal neurons in each treatment group was significantly mitigated. Conclusions Allicin can effectively improve learning ability and reduce apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in OSAHS rats, which may play a role through AGEs-RAGE/NF-κB axis and apoptosis-related mRNA and protein expression.

To investigate the effects of different initial processing methods on the quality of Fritillaria taipaiensis, this study explored the effects of anti-browning treatment, drying methods, and drying temperatures on the commercial characters, chromaticity values, and alkaloid and nucleoside components of Fritillariae Taipaiensis Bulbus. The results were comprehensively evaluated through correlation analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA), and hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA). Compared with those of the direct drying group(WD60), the chromaticity values(ΔE*) of the groups with scraped outer skin( FHB1) and mixed lime powder treatments(FHB2) were significantly reduced, indicating the inhibition of the browning process. The total alkaloid content of the group with mixed raw soil treatment(FHB3) and the FHB2 group showed no significant change, whereas that of the group with 5%Na Cl O solution rinse treatment(FHB4) was the lowest. Compared with air-blast dried(WD50) samples, the ΔE* values of freezedried(FS6) and vacuum-dried(FS5) samples were significantly decreased, with an increase in total alkaloid contents. Conversely,the ΔE* values of shade-dried(FS1) and sun-dried(FS2) samples were significantly increased, with severe browning and low total alkaloid contents. The total alkaloid contents of heat-pump-dried(FS4) samples showed no significant change, and their ΔE* value was significantly decreased, with a light degree of browning and favorable commercial characters. The total alkaloid content of air-blast dried samples initially increased and then decreased within the range of 40-80 ℃, and the highest content was recorded at 70 ℃. The ΔE* values of high-temperature air-blast dried samples(70-80 ℃) were smaller with a light degree of browning, whereas their texture was compact and lacked powder. CA revealed a significant relationship between the uracil content and chromaticity value of the samples(P< 0. 05). The clustering relationships among samples subjected to different treatments were visualized via PCA and HCA. The results showed that FHB2 and air-blast drying(50-60 ℃) were more suitable for large-scale production, and heat pump drying could be a promising direction for future development. This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing the initial processing methods of Fritillaria taipaiensis.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key components of tropospheric chemistry, of which industrial emissions are an important source of atmospheric VOCs. In this study, online measurements of 74 VOCs were made in a typical industrial area of the Pearl River Delta in southern China during the early summer of 2021. The mean volume mixing ratio of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) was (81.9±45.4)×10 -9 during the campaign. Among them, oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) accounted for the largest fraction of TVOC, with an average of 51.5%, followed by aromatics, accounting for 19.4% of TVOC. The proportion of OVOCs in TVOC gradually increased with the increase in TVOC concentration. Industry-related emissions were the main contributors to aromatics and OVOCs in this region. Aromatics and OVOCs were the two major contributors to the ozone formation potential (OFP), accounting for 56.4% and 26.7%, respectively. Furthermore, OVOCs also contributed 40.0% of the total ·OH reactivity from VOCs. Xylenes, toluene, acrolein, and ethyl acetate had a greater contribution to the formation of secondary pollution; thus, these species should be given priority for controlling secondary pollution. Our results underscore the severity of OVOCs pollution in industrial areas and the important roles of OVOCs in secondary pollution.

Objective: To investigate the effects of repeated sevoflurane exposure on hippocampal cell apoptosis and long-term learning and memory ability in neonatal rats and its regulation on PI3K/AKT pathway. Methods: Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (25% oxygen), the single exposure group (inhalation of 3% sevoflurane and 25% oxygen on the 6th day after birth), the 3-times exposure group (inhalation of 3% sevoflurane and 25% oxygen on the 6th, 7th, and 8th day after birth), the 5-times exposure group (inhalation of 3% sevoflurane and 25% oxygen on the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th day after birth), and the 5-times exposure + 740Y-P (PI3K activator) group (intraperitoneal injection of 0.02 mg/kg 740Y-P after inhalation of sevoflurane for 5 times) according to the random number table method. Morris water maze was used to measure the learning and memory ability; HE staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the morphological and structural changes of neurons in the hippocampus; TUNEL was used to detect the apoptosis of hippocampal nerve cells; Western blot was used to detect the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) and PI3K/AKT pathway related proteins in the hippocampus of rats. Results: Compared with the control group and the single exposure group, the learning and memory abilities of rats in the 3-times exposure group and the 5-times exposure group were severely reduced, the morphology and structure of hippocampal neurons were severely damaged, and the apoptosis rate of hippocampal nerve cells was increased ( P ＜0.05), the expressions of Capase-3 and Bax proteins were significantly increased ( P ＜0.05), and the expressions of Bcl-2 protein and PI3K/AKT pathway protein were significantly decreased ( P ＜0.05). With the increase in the number of exposures to sevoflurane, the learning and memory abilities of rats were significantly reduced, the hippocampal neuron cells were severely damaged, the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate was significantly increased ( P ＜0.05), and the expressions of PI3K/AKT pathway proteins were significantly reduced ( P ＜0.05). Compared with the 5-times exposure group, the learning and memory abilities and hippocampal neuron structure of rats in the 5-times exposure +740Y-P group were restored to a certain extent, and the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate, the levels of capase-3 and Bax protein were significantly reduced ( P ＜0.05), while the expressions of Bcl-2 protein and PI3K/AKT pathway protein were increased significantly ( P ＜0.05). Conclusion: Repeated exposure to sevoflurane can significantly reduce the learning and memory abilities of neonatal rats and exacerbate hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, which may be mediated by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Baitouweng Decoction is a famous Chinese medicinal decoction that has been used to treat diarrhea over thousands of years. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of Baitouweng Decoction in the treatment of diarrhea. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: control group, dampness-heat diarrhea model group(modeling by complex factors including high-sugar and high-fat diet, improper diet, hot and humid environment, drinking and intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli), Baitouweng Decoction(3.6 g·kg~(-1)) group, and self-healing group. A urine metabolomics approach was developed with ultra liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) for metabolic profiling. The differential metabolites were screened out by the multivariate comparison between groups. Diarrhea-related protein targets and the active compounds of Baitouweng Decoction were used to predict the protein targets of Baitouweng Decoction. Cytoscape 3.2.1 was employed to establish a active component-target protein interaction network. Three protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks of component target proteins, diarrhea-related proteins, and differential metabolite-related proteins were established and then merged by BisoGenet. ClueGO was used to perform the gene enrichment based on the genetic similarity. The results showed that Baitouweng Decoction effectively treated dampness-heat diarrhea in vivo. N-acetylserotonin, L-gamma-glutamylcysteine, glutathione, retinoate, melatonin, indole-3-acetaldehyde, L-cystine, biotin, and L-tryptophan were screened as differential metabolites in dampness-heat diarrhea model group. Tryptophan metabolism, glutathione metabolism, biotin metabolism, retinol metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism were involved in the therapeutic effect of Baitouweng Decoction in vivo. A total of 167 targets were identified as major candidates for diarrhea progression. The gene-set enrichment revealed that the targets were involved in reactive oxygen species production, inflammation, and apoptosis. Baitouweng Decoction can restrain inflammation, production of reactive oxygen, and block apoptosis, thereby contributing to the treatment of dampness-heat diarrhea.

Objective: To explore clinical effect of cement-augmented pedicle screw combined with vertebroplasty in treating Kümmell disease with type Ⅲ., Methods: From January 2015 to December 2018, 37 patients with type Ⅲ Kümmell disease were retrospectively analyzed, including 11 males and 26 females, aged from 61 to 84 years old with an average of (68.6±4.2) years old, and the courses of disease ranged from 2 to 10 months with an average of(6.5±2.3) months. Nine patients were grade C, 20 patients were grade D and 8 patients were grade E according to Frankle grading. All patients were treated by cement-augmented pedicle screw combined with vertebroplasty. Operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage, hospital stay and complicationswere observed after oeprtaion. Visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), height of anterior vertebral body, Cobb angle before and after operation were compared., Results: All patients were followed up from 12 to 60 months with an average of (22.4±10.9) months. Operation time was (240.9±77.4) min, blood loss was (315.0±149.2) ml, postoperative drainage was (220.8±72.0) ml, hospital stay was (12.6±4.7) days. One patient occurred incision redness and 1 patient occurred infection after opertaion. No loosening of bone cement occurred. Postopertaive VAS and ODI were lower than that of before opertaion( P <0.05), height of anterior vertebral body after opertaion was larger than that of before opertaion, Cobb angle after operation was less than that of before operation ( P <0.05). According to Frankle grading of never function at the latest follow up, 2 patients were grade D and 35 patients were grade E. Nerve function and quality of life was improved., Conclusion: Cement-augmented pedicle screw combined with vertebroplasty is a safe and effective method for the tretament of Kümmell disease with type Ⅲ.

The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) puts higher demands on critical care medicine. Lots of studies have been conducted to solve COVID-19-related problems. Therefore, we reviewed the annual progress for COVID-19-related issues including antivirals threapies, respiratory support and immunomodulatory therapies and other critical issues, including the effect of antibiotic on mitochondrial damage and its relationship with sepsis, the goal and direction of antimicrobial de-escalation, drug prophylaxis of constipation, bleeding in gastrointestinal disorders and management of critical illness in the informalization era and so on. We hope to provide reference for clinical and scientific research work of the intensivists.

To investigate the vertical distribution of atmospheric formaldehyde in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban area, simultaneous measurements were performed at three heights on Canton Tower for the first time. Carbonyls including formaldehyde were sampled with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazin (DNPH) at noon for 32 days in autumn of 2018, and then analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Average mass concentrations of formaldehyde at ground level, 118 m, and 488 m sites at Canton Tower were (5.10±1.93), (6.61±2.84), and (5.33±2.55) μg·m -3 , respectively. The measured formaldehyde was positively correlated with atmospheric oxidant O x at the three sites ( R 0.65-0.75), indicating that photochemical formation is an important source for urban formaldehyde in PRD. Three different profiles were found for formaldehyde vertical distribution during the measurements. The most frequently observed one showed a higher value at 118 m while lower ones at ground level and 488 m, occurring when the boundary layer is in moderate convection state with high photochemical reactivity. The 118 m layer may be also influenced by transported high-chimney emissions from industries in suburban areas. Vertical columns of formaldehyde were also calculated according to its vertical profile. The average value was (11.23±4.80)×10 15 molecules·cm -2 , 19% lower than that from satellite retrieval, while in the same magnitude as values reported in reference papers.