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Objective: The production process of esterified Monascus bran koji was optimized, and its effect on Luzhou-flavor liquor was explored. Methods: Five strains of Monascus were screened from Daqu, and the esterifying enzyme production ability of the strains was detected by the ester decomposition method. The strain with the most prominent enzyme production ability was selected to prepare Monascus bran koji. The koji-making process was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments and applied to liquor production. Results: Among the five strains, the J-3 strain had the strongest ability to produce esterification enzyme. Under the conditions of 50% moisture, 4% inoculation amount, pH 4.0 and 32 ℃ culture temperature, the esterification enzyme activity was as high as 77.78 mg/g bran koji. The bran koji was added to the fermented grains according to different inoculation amounts. Compared with the fermented grains without bran koji, when the inoculation amount of bran koji was 1%, the content of ethyl acetate in the fermented grains increased by 4.84 times, and the content of ethyl caproate increased by 3.55 times. When the inoculation amount was 1.5%, the content of ethyl butyrate increased by 4.72 times. The addition of esterified Monascus bran koji can improve the utilization rate of alcohol and starch, and significantly increase the total ester content in fermented grains. Conclusion: Adding Monascus bran koji to fermented grains according to the appropriate inoculation amount can improve the quality of Luzhou-flavor liquor.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation and risk factors of high-frequency consumption of pickled and smoked products in Southwest China and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted from February to May in 2021 in Southwest China （Yunnan， Guizhou， Sichuan and Chongqing） by convenient sampling to obtain data. The geographical， demographic and sociological factors， health knowledge and behavior factors were collected. The risk factors of high-frequency pickled and smoked products consumption were analyzed by disordered multi classification logistic regression.ResultsGeographical factor analysis showed that the risk of high-frequency consumption of pickled and smoked products in Yunnan， Guizhou and rural areas was high. The risk of high-frequency consumption of pickled and smoked products in Yunnan province were 2.764 times and 2.126 times higher than that in Chongqing respectively. Among the demographic sociological factors， high-frequency consumption of pickled and smoked products was positively correlated with age and education to a certain extent， and intellectual labor was a protective factor. The most noteworthy factor was the age： the risk of the elderly over 60 years old was the highest， and only 46.70% of the youth aged from 18 had the behavior. In terms of health knowledge and behavior， there was a statistical difference between the knowledge of salt and the consumption of smoked products. The risk of the group with zero correct rate was 1.372 times higher than that of the group with all correct answers. The frequency of drinking alcohol and the risk of pickled and smoked products were basically positively correlated. In the two groups of dependent variables， people who drunk more than three times a week had the highest risk， and the risk of those who never drunk was only 32.10% compared to the drinkers.ConclusionPickled and smoked products are the characteristic food in Southwest China. Geographical factors， demographic and sociological factors， health knowledge and behavior factors are related to high-frequency consumption of pickled and smoked products. It is necessary to control the health risks brought by high-frequency eating behaviors， promote targeted health education in Yunnan， Guizhou and rural areas， and elderly and less educated groups， encourage healthy eating behaviors， and promote the “Healthy Southwest Action” of “Healthy China”.

The extraction of current characteristics from the opening and closing coils is a crucial method for monitoring the state of high-voltage circuit breakers. Based on the waveform patterns of the opening and closing coil currents in high-voltage circuit breakers， the paper investigates a corner point extraction method of current waveform based on local thresholds of curvature scale space （CCS）. Subsequently， the characteristic curves of current at actual corner points are used to precisely monitor the mechanical state of high-voltage circuit breakers. Calculations based on the measured opening and closing coil currents from high-voltage circuit breakers in a specific substation indicate that the proposed local threshold method of the CCS can accurately identify the waveform features of the opening and closing coil currents. The mechanical state monitoring of high-voltage circuit breakers based on the characteristic curves of opening and closing coil currents shows excellent results. The research findings can provide crucial references for the mechanical state monitoring of high-voltage circuit breakers.

The electrocoagulation technology has advantages such as high efficiency, no need for adding chemicals, no secondary pollution, simple operation and equipment maintenance. However, there are issues such as unclear electrochemical performance patterns of the electrode plates. This article used polarization curve method to study the electrochemical performance of sacrificial anodes, and carried out experimental researches on the influences of different initial salt mass concentrations, pH, and oil mass concentrations on the electrochemical performance of sacrificial anodes. The results showed that the passivation current density increased, the potential range of the anode passivation zone narrowed, and the dissolution rate of the anode surface increased with the inceasing mass concentration of sodiur chloride solution; when the initial pH was too small or too large, the anodic dissolution rate increased, and the destruction of passivation film was enhanced; the increase in initial oil mass concentrations had little effect on the electrochemical properties of the aluminum anode and did not affect the dissolution rate of the anode. The research conclusion provides a theoretical basis and scientific basis for the application of electrocoagulation technology in emergency response to marine oil spills.

The experiment was to study the effect of adding different dosages of fermented feed to production performance, digestion and metabolism, egg quality, serum biochemical indexes and nitrogen excretion of laying hens. Hyline brown commercial laying hens with no significant difference in health status and body weight at the age of 59 w were selected and randomly divided into three treatment groups, with six replicates in each group and 45 chickens in each replicate. The laying hens in control group were fed with basal diet, and the laying hens in test group were fed with 40 and 60 g/kg of fermented feed in basal diet. The test period was 6 w. The results showed that there was no significant change in production performance and digestion and metabolism of laying hens after feeding fermented diet (P>0.05), but the teratobreaking rate of eggs was decreased (P=0.064). Compared with control group, the serum cholesterol level in 40 g/kg group and 60 g/kg group of laying hens was significantly decreased 50.64% and 45.11%, respectively (P<0.05). The color grade of egg yolk and dry matter and crude protein content of eggs were significantly increased (P<0.05), the absolute nitrogen excretion of fresh manure of laying hens was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The absolute nitrogen excretion of fresh manure decreased 36.11%, and the crude protein content of eggs increased by 5.47%. The experiment indicates that adding fermented feed to diet of laying hens can improve the color grade of egg yolks, promote the deposition of egg nutrients, which has the potential to promote economic benefits. The addition amount of 60 g/kg is more appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of human capital comes from individual human capital investment and social pubic financial expenditure, respectively. Under the background of the deepening of population aging, the relationship between population aging and human capital investment is worth further studying. Firstly, this paper analyzes the relationship between the old-age dependency ratio and pubic human capital investment using the macro data of various provinces and cities in China. The results show that there Is an inverted U-shaped relationship between them, and the aging level at the infection point is 13.10%. Secondly, this paper uses the data of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to analyze the impact of the aging and pubic human capital investment on individual human capital investment. It is found that regional population aging level does not have a significant impact on family human capital investment, but the aging of family population structure has a significant inhibitory effect on individual human capital investment. It is found that the increase of the proportion of the elderly and pubic human capital investment have an inhibiting effect on individual human capital investment. At the same time, the investment of pubic human capital will have a substitute effect on the investment of individual human capital. Finally, the contribution of population aging to human capital investment is analyzed. The results of deviation from share decomposition show that 31.28% of the variation of human capital investment from 2010 to 2018 can be explained by the change of age structure characterized by aging. The analysis results of the quantitative model of structural transformation show that, compared with income and relative price changes, the contribution of aging to human capital investment changes is the largest, which is 88.17%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present switching speed measurement devices for circuit breakers are mostly low in accuracy， severe on installation conditions， and cannot achieve real-time online monitoring. A new system for real-time switching speed measurement of circuit breakers based on a line array camera is proposed. First， the experimental technique is studied by building an experimental frame simulating the rotation of circuit breakers. A turntable is installed at the output of the motor to simulate the rotating shaft of the circuit breaker actuator， and a line array camera is placed on the turntable side to capture the black and white narrow strip images of the targets set on the turntable. Afterward， the appropriate resolution， exposure time and judgment threshold are chosen to analyze the changes of the images taken by the line array camera in real time to obtain the real-time motion travel of the target and the rotation speed of the turntable. The switching speed of the circuit breaker is obtained to verify the feasibility of the measurement scheme. Finally， it is applied to a pilot substation to monitor the motion travel of the switching of the circuit breaker in real time. Compared with the existing technology， this measurement system can process the images more quickly and measure the switching speed more precisely and stably.

Aiming at the problem that the original off-grid type wind power generation systems in some remote areas were in urgent need of expansion, a novel common DC bus cascade rectifier device was proposed, and the simultaneous parallel operation of two generators can be achieved based on the device. The topological structure of the novel cascade rectifier device, the commutation process of the generator's current, and the computing method of duty cycle were studied. The relationship between the speed of generator and the output average voltage of uncontrolled rectifying circuit was established. The operating states in series or in parallel of the two generators were analyzed and concluded in detail. Meanwhile, the switching method of state based on the hysteresis loop principle was proposed. In addition, the system was verified by simulation using Matlab. The results indicate that the device can change the working modes of the two generators according to the different speed of the generators, expand the speed adjustable range of generators and increase the capacity of system effectively, at the same time, the device allows that the duty cycle of power switching device operates in the reasonable range, avoids the occurrence of narrow pulse, decreases the high-order harmonics and improves the system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of heterogeneous electronic equipment were difficult to integrated with each other in intelligent home system, this paper adopted a universal plug and play standard to integrate the service robot into the intelligent home system, emphatically introduces the new derivative service. Firstly, it introduced the details of UPnP standard and service robot Rovio. Then, it developed a PC application program as the virtual bridge between the service robot and intelligent home network, and formed a control circuit to control the service robot to provide service for intelligent home system. Finally, it used some practical operation to test the performance of the UPnP Rovio virtual bridge, and demonstrate the possibility of the integration between service robot and intelligent home network by the practical services, such as path tracking, rubbish monitoring and so on, especially, the advanced services show that the huge potential benefits are expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To demonstrate the support characteristics of active magnetic bearing! AMB), the equivalent stiffness and the equivalent damping are the commonly used parameters, which are inherited from the stiffness and damping parameters in traditional mechanical bearings. The support characteristics of AMB are determined by its transfer function of control system. Therefore, it is relatively difficult to confirm the equivalent stiffness and equivalent damping of AMB. In addition, the experiment methods for measuring the equivalent stiffness and damping of AMB proposed by most recent papers are almost all based on the single degree of freedom (DOF) model, which cannot be applied practically to the multi-DOF AMB-rotor systems. In this study, the applicable conditions for applying the equivalent stiffness and damping in AMB are firstly illuminated by analyzing the difference and relation between the traditional mechanical bearings and AMBs. Then, a method for measuring the equivalent stiffness and damping for the multi-DOF AMB-rotor systems is proposed. The experiments indicate the proposed method can identify the equivalent stiffness and damping of AMB-rotor system correctly and factually, showing its significance in the analysis and design of the AMB characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) is a kind of ganglioside extracted from the neural cells of pig brain, which involves in the pathophysiological processes of neurogenesis, and plays an important role in neural formation, growth and differentiation. GM1 is widely used in the treatment for vascular brain injury and traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, promoting and protecting the recovery of nerve cells. Besides, it can improve the behavior disorders of patients with Parkinson's disease. However, as it is widely used in clinical practice, its adverse reaction has been gradually discovered. There is some evidence to suggest Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) may occur after GM1 injection intravenously. Both clinical manifestations and possible mechanism of GBS associated with GM1 are unclear, and need further study. Methods Three cases of GBS associated with GM1 were clinically observed including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing and nerve conduction studies. These cases were analyzed and subjected to assessment with literature review. Results Three male patients (with the age 39-65) of GBS were observed after injection of GM1 intravenously. At 9-14 days, they developed weakness of all limbs and were unable to stand upright with decreased muscle tone in limbs and absent deep tendon reflexes, accompanied by dyspnea (1 case), albuminocytological dissociation (1 case) and axonal degeneration of peripheral nerve (1 case). Conclusion GBS may occur occasionally in patients treated with GM1 injection intravenously for 9-14 days, and the prognosis is not favorable. The possible mechanism is that exogenous gangliosides could be immunogenic and may occasionally result in neural axonal degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new passive detection and location method for underwater targets based on the correlation metric of three signals received by three elements was proposed, and its advantages compared with two-element-correlation in detection performances were analyzed. The simulation was performed to verify the detection performances and time delay estimation accuracy. The simulation results show that, compared with two-element-correlation method, the modified method can improve the detection performance by 2 dB and the time delay estimation accuracy in a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the performance of general bearing estimation algorithm using acoustic vector sensor array (AVSA) with rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), an improved algorithm is proposed and carried out in this paper, which is based on the combination processing of pressure and particle velocity. The cross-covariance matrix of pressure and particle velocity was constructed by taking the mean value of cross-covariance matrixes under even-spacing driving angles and using ESPRIT. Simulation and test result on the lake environment show that the proposed algorithm is more effective than existing algorithms in resolution and accuracy under the case of low signal-to-noise ratio. The foundation o{ improved algorithm is the principle of coherency between pressure and particle velocity, which could suppress interference strongly in isotropic noise field. Moreover, with the use of ESPRIT algorithm, the AVSA could obtain much more gain and have advanced performance in azimuth angle estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and its distribution pattern in the natural intertidal zones and reclaimed wetlands of Hangzhou Bay were studied, aimed to explore the effects of vegetation succession, exotic species invasion, and reclamation on the SOC in costal wetlands of the Bay. In intertidal zones, the surface SOC content ranged from 4.41 to 8.58 g·kg-1, with an average of 6.45 g·kg-1, and differed significantly under different vegetations, with a tendency of under Phragmites australis (8.56±0.04 g·kg-1) > Spartina alterniflora (7.31±0.08 g·kg-1) > Scirpus mariqueter (5.48±>0.29 g·kg-1) > mudflats (4.47±>0.09 g·kg-1); in reclaimed wetlands, the surface SOC content was 7.46±>0.25 g·kg-1 in the 1960s, 1.96±>0.46 g·kg-1 in the 1980s, and 5.12±>0.16 g·kg-1 in 2003, showing a trend of increased after an initial decrease with increasing reclamation year. The SOC in the profiles all showed a decreasing trend from the surface to the bottom. The SOC in intertidal zones and reclaimed wetlands was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH, and positively correlated with soil total nitrogen (TN), suggesting a large reserve of organic nitrogen in TN. The correlation between SOC and soil C/N ratio was not obvious in intertidal zones, but significantly positive in reclaimed wetlands, indicating that reclamation affected soil C/N ratio to a certain extent. This study showed that in the intertidal zones, soil carbon sequestration capacity increased gradually with plant community succession. However, the invasion of exotic species Spartina alterniflora might decrease the capacity of carbon sequestration in intertidal zones. It was also found that the changes of soil moisture content, particle composition, vegetation coverage, and reclamation history were the main factors affecting the SOC distribution in reclaimed wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the spatiotemporal variation of fish species composition and biodiversity in the mudflat wetlands of Hangzhou Bay, thirty six surveys were conducted in the mudflat area, inning area, and aquaculture area in the south bank of the Bay in March (early spring), May (spring), July (summer), and October (autumn), 2009. A total of 41 species belonging to 9 orders and 16 families were observed, among which, Cyprinid had the largest species number (14 species, 33.3% of the total), followed by Gobiidae (8 species, 19.1%). According to the lifestyle of fish, these 41 species could be divided into five ecological types, i. e. , freshwater type (21 species), brackish-water type (16 species), inshore type (2 species), anadromous type (Coilia ectenes), and catadromios type (Anguilla japonica). The fish abundance was the highest (54.5 fish per net) in summer, followed by in spring and autumn, and the lowest (17.7 fish per net) in early spring. In the three habitats, mudflat area and inning area had the similar seasonal change of fish abundance, i. e. , the lowest in early spring, the highest in summer, and then decreased in autumn. Only two or three species were the dominant species in different seasons. In mudflat area, the dominant species were Mugil cephalus and Liza carinatus; while in inning and aquaculture areas, the dominant species were Carassius auratus, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Pseudorasbora parva. The values of Margalef's richness index (D), Pielou's evenness index (J), and Shannon index (H) were lower in March than in other months, but had no significant differences among May, July, and October (P>0.05). The H value ranged in 0.27-2.13, being the lowest in March and higher in May and October (1.66 and 1.63, respectively). Overall, the fish abundance and biodiversity in the mudflat wetlands of Hangzhou Bay had apparent seasonal changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synchronous vibration due to mass unbalance is the main source of disturbance while the shaft of active magnetic bearing (AMB rotates at high speed. In this paper, a novel auto balance method based on unbalance identification was proposed, which has negligible effect on stability margin of the original control system and no need for the transfer function of plant model. The proposed method can directly obtain the Fourier coefficients of unbalance vibration and generate the accurate compensation signal to spin the rotor about its inertial center by means of injecting a probing excitation at the AMB and measuring the changes in magnitude and phase of the control current. The experiments results show that the auto balance method presented can effectively reduce the unbalance vibration of a rotor system supported at AMB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power coupling system is the key component of the parallel hybrid vehicle and the combined hybrid vehicle,its performance directly affects the dynamic performance and fuel economy of the hybrid vehicle.The function and the classification of power coupling system are introduced.From the aspects of the technological developing process,the structure,the operational principles,and performance characteristics,etc,three type power coupling systems（gear type mechanical power coupling system,electromagnetic power coupling system and hydraulic power coupling system）are described in details.In the end,the trend in development of the power coupling system for hybrid vehicle is forecasted preliminarily,the control of power coupling system will be more intelligent,will achieve higher integration with the other system on the hybrid vehicle,and its structure will be more diversified.

Firstly, an optimization model was proposed for single airports ground-holding problem, in which the factors concerning the different delay costs of different planes and delay time of flights with continuation of the journeys. Moreover, the proposed model can reasonably and effectively assign multiple independently-running runways to meet the operating demand of large busy airports. Then an adaptive multi-local search memetic algorithm was designed to solve this model. In view of complexity of the model, poor convergence and optimizing ability that single local search memetic algorithm manifests when solving complicated problem, different local search strategies were used at different stages in proposed adaptive multi-local search memetic algorithm, among them adaptive directed local search strategy adjusted individual searching speed according to messages of the individual, best individual and population. Finally the simulation was implemented with the data in many examples, experimental results show that, compared with the results of other representative algorithms, the validity of the proposed algorithm and model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For signal processing of an acoustic vector sensor array (AVSA), the extended method which keeps the coherence of AVSA and acoustic pressure sensor array can not show the particle velocity information obviously. Aimed at this problem, the AVSA datum covariance matrix of extended method was analyzed. The Bartlett bearing spectrum was derived. By using block matrix, the AVSA extended method can be coherent with combined method. The numerical simulation and lake experiment verify the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Mycetia hainanensis were isolated by silica gel, ODS gel, and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The chemical structures of all the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties, spectroscopic data, as well as the comparison of their physicochemical and spectroscopic data with the reported data in literature. Twelve compounds were isolated from the 85% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of M. hainanensis, and they were identified as mycehainanic acid(1), 11-methoxyviburtinal(2), isovaltrate acetoxyhydrin(3), jatamanvaltrate K(4), jatamanin C(5), sarmentol F(6), 4,5-dihydroblumenol A(7), petasitolone(8), xylaguaianol D(9), aristolan-9-en-1-one(10), 3α-hydroxycostic acid(11), and ilicic acid(12). Among them, compound 1 was a new nor-sesquiterpene, and compounds 2-12 were isolated from Mycetia for the first time. In addition, the MTS method was employed to assess the anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities of compounds 1-12 based on their anti-proliferative effects on synoviocytes in vitro. The results showed that compounds 1 and 6-12 exhibited notable anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities, showcasing inhibitory effects on the proliferation of MH7A synovial fibroblast cells with the IC&#95;(50) ranging from(5.27±0.07) to(172.68±0.32)μmol·L~(-1), which were comparable to that of the positive control methotrexate \[IC&#95;(50) of(132.39±0.21)μmol·L~(-1)\].

Investigating the relationship of soil aggregate stability with the organic carbon in the aggregate and its response to land use change is conducive to the estimation of soil carbon sink potential, improvement of rocky desertification, and rational land use in karst areas of Southwest China. In order to explore the effects of land use change on the composition and stability of soil aggregate stability as well as the content of aggregate organic carbon, the soil (0-30 cm) of five land use types (secondary forest, pomelo forest, paddy field, pepper forest, and dry land) was selected as the research object. The characteristics and correlation of soil aggregate components and organic carbon under different land use patterns were obtained, and the contribution of soil aggregates to the change in organic carbon after land use change was calculated. The results showed that the macroaggregates in the surface soil (0-15 cm) of the secondary forest, pomelo forest, and paddy field were 63.32%, 52.38%, and 47.77%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of dry land (23.70%), as was also seen in the lower layer (15-30 cm). The geometric mean diameter (GMD) and mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates in the secondary forest, pomelo forest, and paddy field were significantly higher than those in dry land. In the surface soil, the organic carbon of the secondary forest and paddy field was significantly higher than that of other land use patterns. By contrast, in the lower soil layer, only the organic carbon of the paddy field was significantly higher than that of the others. Under different land use patterns, the organic carbon content of aggregates followed the same order of macroaggregates &gt; microaggregates &gt; silt and clay, indicating that macroaggregates allowed soil organic carbon to accumulate, whereas silt and clay did the opposite. According to correlation analysis, the content of soil macroaggregates was significantly positively correlated with GMD, MWD, and soil aggregate organic carbon, suggesting that the increase in soil macroaggregates could improve the stability of soil aggregates and store more soil organic carbon. Further, as land use change may have significantly affected the soil aggregate, moderate development of forestry and paddy cultivation is suggested to improve the soil carbon sequestration potential in the karst area of Southwest China.

The composition of soil organic carbon and its stability mechanism are the key to understanding the terrestrial carbon sink capacity. The stability of soil organic carbon in a karst ecosystem greatly affects the soil carbon fixation capacity. In order to understand the impact of human activities on the stability of soil organic carbon in karst areas, the karst valley area of Zhongliang Mountain in Chongqing was selected as an example, and soil samples of four typical land use modes (mixed forest, bamboo forest, grassland, and cultivated land) were collected in layers to analyze the total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC). The distribution characteristics of light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), labile organic carbon (LOC), and recalcitrant organic carbon (ROC) were analyzed quantitatively by using a structural equation model to provide basic data for soil carbon sink assessment and soil quality protection in karst areas. The results showed that the organic carbon components under different land use patterns in karst areas had obvious surface accumulation, and the content of organic carbon components in the surface layer was 1.2 times that in the bottom layer. Except for LFOC, the content of other organic carbon components was the highest in the mixed forest, followed by that in the bamboo forest and wasteland, with the lowest in cultivated land. Mixed forest ω (TOC) content was the highest, 42.5 g·kg -1 , followed by that of bamboo forest (36.6 g·kg -1 ) and grassland (18.7 g·kg -1 ), and cultivated land content was the lowest, 13.4 g·kg -1 . The soil organic carbon content of cultivated land was 68.5%, 63.5%, and 28.3% lower than that of mixed forest, bamboo forest, and grassland, respectively. Mixed forest had the highest content of ω (HFOC), 21 g·kg -1 , followed by those of bamboo forest (20.9 g·kg -1 ), grassland (18.2 g·kg -1 ), and cultivated land (13.5 g·kg -1 ). The mixed forest ω (LOC) content was the highest, 16.3 g·kg -1 , followed by those of bamboo forest (14.9 g·kg -1 ), grassland (11.5 g·kg -1 ), and cultivated land (5.3 g·kg -1 ). Mixed forest ω (ROC) content was the highest, 25.7 g·kg -1 , followed by those of bamboo forest (21.6 g·kg -1 ), grassland (15.9 g·kg -1 ), and cultivated land (10.3 g·kg -1 ). The bamboo forest land ω (LFOC) content was 15.9 g·kg -1 , followed by those of mixed forest (13.9 g·kg -1 ), grassland (7.3 g·kg -1 ), and cultivated land (4.9 g·kg -1 ). The recalcitrant organic carbon index (ROCI) was used to indicate the stability of soil organic carbon. The variation range of ROCI was 33.9%-64.5%, of which the highest was mixed forest (64.5%-66.3%), and the lowest was cultivated land (33.8%-39.6%). The ROCI of mixed forest, bamboo forest, and grassland were 1.8 times, 1.6 times, and 1.4 times that of cultivated land, respectively. Karst area ω (inert organic carbon) content and ROCI showed that human agricultural activities caused the reduction in soil organic carbon content and the destruction of soil physical structure, resulting in the accelerated decomposition and turnover rate of soil organic matter. The most important factor affecting soil stability in karst areas was soil pH. Tillage activities caused soil pH to rise, reduced soil microbial activity, and were not conducive to the accumulation of the inert organic carbon and soil organic carbon pool in the soil.

There are inconsistencies in treatment outcomes, measurement instruments, and criteria for assessing clinical effectiveness in studies related to distal radius fractures (DRF), resulting in potential biases and failing to provide high-quality clinical evidence. To address these challenges, international researchers have reached a consensus on developing the core outcome indicator set for distal radius fractures(COS-DRF). However, it's important to note that the existing COS-DRF framework could not reflect the unique characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment. Currently, there are no established standards for treatment outcomes and measurement instruments specific to TCM clinical research, nor has a COS-DRF been established for TCM clinical studies in China. In light of these gaps, our research team aims to construct a core set of treatment outcomes for TCM clinical research on distal radius fractures. This involves compiling a comprehensive list of treatment outcomes and measurement instruments, initially derived from a thorough literature review and expert consensus, which will then undergo further refinement and updates based on real-world clinical experiences, incorporating feedback from 2 to 3 rounds of expert consensus or Delphi questionnaire surveys. Our goal is to establish a COS-DRF or CMS-DRF that aligns with the principles and practices of TCM, and provide high-quality evidence for clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness difference between bone transport with a locking plate (BTLP) and conventional bone transport with Ilizarov/Orthofix fixators in treatment of tibial defect., Methods: The clinical data of 60 patients with tibial fractures who met the selection criteria between January 2016 and September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and patients were treated with BTLP (BTLP group, n =20), Ilizarov fixator (Ilizarov group, n =23), or Orthofix fixator (Orthofix group, n =17) for bone transport. There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, time from injury to admission, length of bone defect, tibial fracture typing, and comorbidities between groups ( P >0.05). The osteotomy time, the retention time of external fixator, the external fixation index, and the occurrence of postoperative complications were recorded and compared between groups. The bone healing and functional recovery were evaluated by the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria., Results: All patients of 3 groups were followed up 13-45 months, with a mean of 20.4 months. The osteotomy time was significantly shorter in the BTLP group than in the Ilizarov group, and the retention time of external fixator and the external fixation index were significantly lower in the BTLP group than in the Ilizarov and Orthofix groups ( P <0.05). Twenty-two fractures healed in the Ilizarov group and 1 case of delayed healing; 16 fractures healed in the Orthofix group and 1 case of delayed healing; 18 fractures healed in the BTLP group and 2 cases of delayed healing. There was no significant difference between groups in fracture healing distribution ( P =0.824). After completing bone reconstruction treatment according to ASAMI criteria, the BTLP group had better bone healing than the Orthofix group and better function than the Ilizarov groups, showing significant differences ( P <0.05). Postoperative complications occurred in 4 cases (20%) in the BLTP group, 18 cases (78%) in the Ilizarov group, and 12 cases (70%) in the Orthofix group. The incidence of complication in the BTLP group was significantly lower than that in other groups ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: BTLP is safe and effective in the treatment of tibial defects. BTLP has apparent advantages over the conventional bone transport technique in osteotomy time, external fixation index, and lower limb functional recovery.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of femoral neck system (FNS) and cannulate compression screw (CCS) in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged patients., Methods: The clinical data of 82 young and middle-aged patients with femoral neck fracture treated between January 2018 and September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into FNS group (24 cases) and CCS group (58 cases) according to different surgical methods. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05) in general data such as gender, age, height, body mass, cause of injury, complications, fracture location, and fracture classification (Garden classification and Pauwells classification). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complications (nonunion, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, shortening of femoral neck, etc.), visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 2 days after operation, clinical healing time of fracture, and Harris score of hip joint after operation were recorded and compared between the two groups., Results: The operation time and VAS score at 2 days after operation in FNS group were significantly lower than those in CCS group ( P <0.05); there was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups ( t =0.263, P =0.796). The patients in CCS group were followed up 6-18 months, with an average of 13.6 months; and the follow-up time in FNS group was 3-12 months, with an average of 7.3 months. There was no complication of internal fixator loosening in both groups. There were 2 cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, 1 case of bone nonunion, and 13 cases of femoral neck shortening in CCS group and only 2 cases of femoral neck shortening in FNS group. The difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (27.6% vs. 8.3%) was significant ( χ 2 =36.670, P =0.015). In CCS group, 3 cases underwent secondary artificial hip arthroplasty due to bone nonunion and osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and the remaining 55 cases achieved clinical healing; in FNS group, 6 patients excluded in the statistics because the follow-up time was less than 6 months, and the remaining 18 fractures healed clinically; there was significant difference in fracture healing time between the two groups ( t =4.481, P =0.000). The difference of Harris score of hip joint between 9 months and 6 months after operation in FNS group was significantly higher than that in CCS group ( P <0.05), and the Harris score at 9 months after operation was significantly higher than that at 6 months after operation in both groups ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: FNS can accelerate the healing of femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged patients, so that patients can start functional exercise as soon as possible, thereby reducing the incidence of related complications.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of intravenous injection of tranexamic acid (TXA) combined with local use of TXA cocktail in intertrochanteric fracture fixation with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA)., Methods: Patients with intertrochanteric fractures who underwent close reduction and internal fixation with PFNA between February 2018 and March 2019 were enrolled in the study. Among them, 45 patients who met the selection criteria were included in the study and randomly allocated into 3 groups ( n =15). The patients in group A were not received TXA during perioperative period. The patients were intravenously injected of 1.0 g TXA before operation in group B and combined with local use of TXA cocktail during operation in group C. There was no significant difference in the age, gender, body mass index, fracture classification, disease duration, and complications between groups ( P >0.05). The perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion rate, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score before operation and at 12, 24, and 48 hours after operation, the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and bradykinin (BK) before operation and at 1 and 3 days after operation, postoperative complications, and the maximum amplitude (MA) of thromboelastogram were recorded and compared between groups., Results: The total blood loss, hidden blood loss, and visible blood loss were significantly lower in groups B and C than those in group A ( P <0.05), and the total blood loss and hidden blood loss were significantly lower in group C than those in group B ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the blood transfusion rate, preoperative VAS scores and the levels of PGE2 and BK between groups ( P >0.05). The postoperative VAS scores and the levels of PGE2 and BK were significantly lower in group C than in groups A and B ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in pre- and post-operative MA of thromboelastogram between groups ( P >0.05). The incidences of postoperative complications were 33.33% (5/15), 20.00% (3/15), and 13.33% (2/15) in groups A, B, and C, respectively, with no significant difference between groups ( χ 2 =1.721, P =0.550)., Conclusion: For intertrochanteric fractures, application of intravenous injection of TXA combined with local use of TXA cocktail in PFNA fixation can reduce perioperative blood loss, relieve pain after operation, and do not increase the risk of complications.

Objective: To explore the early effectiveness and advantages of mini-Swashbuckler approach in treatment of distal femoral type C fractures by comparing with Swashbuckler approach., Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on 43 patients with distal femoral type C fractures between January 2014 and June 2018. Twenty-two patients were treated with open reduction via mini-Swashbuckler approach and internal fixation with less invasive stabilization system (LISS) plate in modified group; and 21 patients were treated with open reduction via Swashbuckler approach and internal fixation with LISS plate in traditional group. There was no significant difference in age, gender, cause of trauma, fracture classification, fracture side, interval between injury and operation, and complications between the two groups ( P >0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, hospitalization time, fracture healing time, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores of the knee, and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups., Results: The operation successfully completed in both groups. The operation time of the modified group was significantly longer than that of the traditional group, the fluoroscopy times was increased and the blood loss was reduced, the differences were significant ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in hospitalization time between the two groups ( t =0.277, P =0.783). All patients in the two groups were followed up 6-8 months, with an average of 7.2 months. Fractures healed in both groups, there was no significant difference in healing time between the two groups ( t =0.861, P =0.394). The HSS scores of the modified group were 82.91±2.88 and 89.28±3.63 at 3 and 6 months after operation, respectively, which were superior to those of the traditional group (74.62±3.64) and (81.48±4.55) ( t =8.306, P =0.000; t =6.231, P =0.000). There was 1 case of incision infection, 1 case of deep vein thrombosis, and 2 cases of knee flexion and extension dysfunction in traditional group, and 1 case of deep vein thrombosis, 1 case of varus deformity, and 1 case of internal fixation loosening in modified group. There was no significant difference in the incidences of complications between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Compared with Swashbuckler approach, mini-Swashbuckler approach has limited visual field exposure, which leads to prolonged operation time and increased fluoroscopy times, but the risks of complications do not increase. Because of its small soft tissue injury and less blood loss, it is conducive to the recovery of knee joint function after operation.

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an intracellular signaling pathway molecule which regulates various fundamental physiological processes. The mTOR signaling pathway plays an important role in synaptic plasticity, information transmission and processing, and neuroregulation. Dysregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway is generally considered to be related to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); meanwhile, the mTOR inhibitor can ameliorate the symptoms of ASD. The role of mTOR in the pathogenesis of ASD is summarized in this article to provide a theoretical basis for targeted therapy of ASD.

Objective: To discusses the necessity and methods of replantation for complete amputation of finger composite lateral tissue., Methods: From March 2012 to April 2015, 62 cases of complete amputated finger lateral tissue for various causes were retrospectively analyzed, including 34 males and 28 females with an average age of 29.1 years old ranging from 17 to 52 years old, involved 27 cases of thumb, index finger in 15 cases, 13 cases of middle finger, ring finger in 8 cases, 2 cases of the little finger, 2 fingers were injured in 3 cases, 14 cases involving the distal interphalangeal joint. The time from injury to treatment was 30 min to 2 hour with an average of 1 hour. The appearance of the fingers, finger tip sensation and the recovery of the functional of the patients were followed up and observed., Results: Of 62 cases, 58 cases survived, the survival time was 3 to 15 months with an average of 6.5 months. According to the Chinese medical association upper part of replantation function evaluation standard to assess efficacy trial, 52 cases were excellent, 3 cases were good, 3 cases were good, the excellent and good rate was 94.8%., Conclusions: The appearance and function is good after block from the broken replantation finger lateral organizations survive, as long as the patient general condition allows, away from the broken body is complete, there are available for blood vessels and nerves anastomosis, it should strive to reattach it., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

Wetlands litter decomposition affects wetlands nutrient cycling. The decomposition progress of standing litter was monitored and the litterbag simulation experiment was carried out in order to analyze dynamics of litter decomposition and phosphorus release in Phragmites australis (PA), Spartina alterniflora (SA) and Scirpus mariqueter (SM) marshes of Hangzhou Bay coastal wetland. Results show that the dry mass of standing litter and P concentration decrease gradually and the litter drops to the sediment surface after 180 d. There are distinctive stages of the plant litter decomposition in litterbag simulation experiments. The loss rate is faster during 0- 15 d than that of later days. The loss rate in root decomposition of three plants are SM > PA > SA, while the trend is opposite for that of aboveground tissues. The time needed for 95% of dry mass decomposition in the plant tissues is between 1. 2- 8. 3 a. The P concentration in litters decreases rapidly in the initial stage and then increases slowly while the net P pools decreases all the time. Pearson's correlation coefficient shows that there is no significant correlation between the litter decomposition rate and C/N ratio. However, the litter C/P ratio affects greatly on plant decomposition rate. Environmental factors in the atmospheric temperature also have an impact on the decomposition rate of leaves. The different decomposition progresses between standing litter and litterbag are caused by environmental factors.

An aerobic denitrifier was isolated from the activated sludge of landfill leachate through traditional microbiological methods. Based on its morphological feature, physiological and biochemical properties, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, this strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp., named as GL19 with an accession number of KC710974 in GenBank. Its aerobic denitrification characteristics and nitrification function were studied to show that the factors including carbon source, C/N, pH and cultivation temperature were important for denitrification. The optimized condition for aerobic denitrification was as follows: sodium citrate as the carbon resource, C/N no less than 15, pH of 6-10, DO of 4.8-7.7 mg x L(-1), culture temperature of 15-34 degrees C and the initial nitrate nitrogen of 140 mg x L(-1). Combining these conditions, the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen and average removal rate of TN reached 100% and 96.5%, respectively, without the accumulation of nitrite nitrogen. The strain had the capability to utilize nitrite nitrogen or ammonia nitrogen to achieve high nitrogen removal efficiency: the nitrite nitrogen removal rate reached 100% in 20 hours with an initial nitrite nitrogen of 140 mg x L(-1); the ammonia nitrogen was efficiently removed from 280 mg x L(-1) to 3.11 mg x L(-1) in 28 hours with the removal rate of up to 98.9%. These results suggested that strain GL19 with the function of cold resistance and highly effective aerobic denitrification could achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Hence, GL19 could have high potential in practical wastewater treatment in winter of south area.

Salt marshes perform important ecosystem functions in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus recycling. The plant biomass, content and pools of C, N and P were measured seasonally in three marsh species Phragmites australis, Spartina alterniflora and Scirpus mariquezer in Hangzhou Bay coastal wetland for the dynamics of C, N and P storage. The results showed that seasonal variation of aboveground biomass displayed a unimodal curve. The seasonal variability of plant OC content in the aboveground part of the plants was not significant, while the TN and TP content decreased significantly from spring to winter. The seasonal variability of plant C, N and P pools was significant. And there was a significant relationship between plant C/N/P pools and biomass. The pools among plant species were significantly different. S. mariqueter had the lowest C/N/P pools. TN pool in the aboveground part of P. australis was higher than that of S. aterniflora, but its TP pool was lower than that of S. alterniflora, and there was no significant difference for OC pools between P. australis and S. alterniflora. C fixation of the three marsh species was 380%, 376% and 55.5% of the average C fixation of terrestrial vegetations in China, and 463%, 458% and 67.7% of the average C fixation of terrestrial vegetations of the world. Considering the purification capacity of N and P, July would be the best harvest time of the study area for three plants. And the harvest of S. alterniflora could remove the biggest amount of P, since P was a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. In conclusion, the marsh plants had strong C fixation and N/P purification ability.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of ethnical drug Cissus pteroclada., Methods: Silica gel column chromatography was employed to separate the constituents from EtOAc extraction of Cissus pteroclada and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties as well as spectrum analysis., Results: Five steroidal compounds and 2 triterpenoid constituents were obtained. Their structures were identified as: stigmasterol (1), stigmasterol acetate (2), stigmasta-5, 22-dien-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), beta-sitosterol (4), daucousterol (5), taraxerone (6), oleanolic acid (7)., Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time except for compound 4 and 5. Compounds 1 - 3 are obtained from this genus for the first time.

Objective: To explore the safety and feasibility of biodegradable magnesium alloy stapler based on the result of animal experimental study for gastrointestinal anastomosis., Methods: Sixteen beagle dogs were equally and randomly divided into experimental (magnesium alloy) group and control (titanium alloy) group. A gastrojejunal and a colonic anastomosis were performed in each beagle dog. The anastomosis time, postoperative complications, body weight, blasting pressure of anastomosis and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum magnesium were compared between the two groups. The healing of anastomosis and degradation of magnesium alloy were observed. The histopathological features of heart, liver, spleen and kidney were examined in the two groups., Results: There were no significant differences in anastomosis time, body weight, postoperative complications, anastomotic bursting pressure between the two groups. The anastomosis was healed well, and no dramatic inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Magnesium alloy could be degraded completely in the animal body within 90 days. There were no significant differences in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and serum magnesium between the two groups. Histopathological examination showed that the degradation of magnesium alloy did not harm the important organs (liver, kidney, heart, brain and spleen)., Conclusions: Magnesium alloy stapler is safe and feasible for gastrointestinal anastomosis in beagle dogs. The degradation of magnesium alloy does not harm the healing of anastomosis and other important organs. Magnesium alloy stapler may be a candidate of biodegradable and safe material of stapler for gastrointestinal anastomosis in human.

Objective: To investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance in patients with surgical infections, and provide the basis for the standardization treatment of the surgical infection., Methods: Retrospectively analyzed from January 2008 to December 2011 surgical infection in our samples bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test results., Results: A total of 3829 nonduplicate isolates from 3257 samples, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 62.4% (the main microbes were P.aeruginosa, K. pneumonia and E.coli etc) and Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 37.6% (the main microbes were Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus). Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were on an obvious increase. For the performance of the high level of sensitive to Imipenem, Amikacin, Piperacillin and Tazobactam by E. coli and K. pneumonia. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to cephalosporins, Carbapenems and Fluoroqinolones were higher resistant with Multidrug resistance. No vancomycin and teicoplanin resistant Enterococcus faecium were found. The prevalence of ESBL E.coli was 45.6%-61.5% and ESBL K.pneumoniae isolates were fluctuated. The methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) isolates were relatively high (21.1%-55.8%), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis was higher than the other Gram-positive cocci. Vancomycin for Staphylococcus performance was highly sensitive., Conclusions: The main composition of surgical clinical infection pathogens are Gram-negative bacillus, and the emergency of resistance of bacteria to antibacterial drugs is a common phenomenon. The resistant rate shows ascendant trend; Drug resistance is significantly higher in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrobial resistance is a serious and challenging issue.

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of Akt inhibitor deguelin on PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines and its possible mechanism., Methods: PC-3 human prostate cancer cells were cultured in deguelin at the concentrations of 10, 100, 500 and 1 000 nmol/L for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Then the inhibitory effect of deguelin on the proliferation of the PC-3 cells was determined by MTT assay and that on the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of MDM2 and GSK3beta mRNA were measured by RT-PCR and those of MDM2 and GSK3beta proteins by Western blot., Results: At 24, 48 and 72 hours, the inhibition rates of deguelin on the proliferation of the PC-3 prostate cancer cells were (91.10 +/- 3.75), (86.39 +/- 1.16) and (79.51 +/- 2.63)% at 10 nmol/L, (82.46 +/- 3.65), (76.84 +/- 0.97) and (69.69 +/- 2.30) % at 100 nmol/L, (81.46 +/- 0.41), (75.56 +/- 1.12) and (54.07 +/- 3.21)% at 500 nmol/L, and (66.77 +/- 2.82), (58.22 +/- 0.35) and (39.34 +/- 2.40)% at 1000 nmol/L, all with statistically significant differences from the control group (P < 0.01). Deguelin at 10, 100, 500 and 1 000 nmol/L increased the cell cycles blocked in the G0/G1 phase ([62.4 +/- 2.2], [63.6 +/- 1.1 ], [65.0 +/- 0.3] and [66.5 +/- 1.9]%, P < 0.01) and reduced the percentage of the S-phase cells ([14.7 +/- 2.4], [11.1 +/- 5.2], [5.8 +/- 1.1] and [7.0 +/- 0.6]%, P < 0.01). RT-PCR and Western blot showed markedly up-regulated expressions of GSK3 P3 a3beta down-regulated expressions of MDM2 mRNA and proteins in the PC-3 cells treated with deguelin., Conclusion: Akt inhibitor deguelin can inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells by affecting the down-stream signal molecules GSK3P3 and betaDM2 in the Akt pathway.

Objective: To investigate the short-term efficacy of complete mesocolic excision (CME)., Methods: Clinical data of 62 cases of colon cancer (I-III phase) with radical resection including CME surgery group of 31 cases and traditional surgery group of 31 cases from January 2011 to October 2011 in Peking University People's Hospital were retrospective analyzed., Results: The number of removed lymph node in CME and traditional resection group was 22.5±1.8 and 17.6±1.3 respectively (P<0.05) and the positive rate of lymph node in mesentery root was 9.7% (3/31) in CME surgery group. Operative blood loss was (123.5±17.6) ml and (143.5±15.3) ml in CME and traditional resection group without significant difference (P>0.05). Except for more abdominal drainage volume of 3 days post-operation in CME group (P<0.05), the postoperative recovery indicators of postoperative drainage tube removed time, exhaust time, eating time, and the socioeconomic effects indicators of postoperative hospitalization, hospitalization costs were not significantly different between two groups (all P>0.05). Postoperative intestinal obstruction occurred in 3 cases and 4 cases, lymph fistula in 2 cases and 0 case, wound dehiscence in 1 case and 1 case in CME group and traditional resection group respectively. Postoperative complication rate was not significantly different (19.4% vs. 16.1%, P>0.05)., Conclusion: Compared with traditional radical surgery, CME sweeps lymph nodes more thoroughly, including lymph nodes of mesocolic roots, and does not affect postoperative recovery and increase the risk of postoperative complications.

Objective: To explore the short-term outcomes and safety of complete mesocolic excision (CME) in elderly patients with colon cancer., Methods: The clinical pathological factors of 71 patients with colon cancer undergoing CME procedure by the same group of surgeons were analyzed retrospectively from November 2009 to February 2012. The elderly group(≥70 years) and the non-elderly group(<70 years) were compared regarding short-term outcomes and safety., Results: Similar extent of resection could be achieved in the elderly and non-elderly groups in terms of area of mesentery[(13 049±4332) vs. (13 163±4725) mm2, P=0.916], distance between the tumor and the high ligation site[(95±22) vs. (98±20) mm, P=0.516], distance between normal bowel and high ligation site [(130±25) vs. (128±25) mm, P=0.731], the length of colon [(262±60) vs. (245±49) mm, P=0.212], and lymph nodes retrieved(22.0±6.4 vs. 24.8±9.9, P=0.168). The mean operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, time to first flatus, time to first bowel movement, drainage removal time, diet resumption, drainage volume in three days after surgery, and hospital deaths showed no statistical significances(all P>0.05), while hospital stay and expenses of the elderly group were significantly increased(both P<0.01)., Conclusion: Elderly patients undergoing elective CME operation can achieve similar operative extent and lymph nodes harvest, and the surgical risk is not increased.

Objective: To quantitatively evaluate clinical significance of intrahepatic fat (IHF) content in children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)., Methods: Ninety-three obese children were enrolled in this study. Physical parameters, liver function, serum lipids, glycemic and insulin related parameters were measured. Liver B-mode ultrasound (US) examination was performed. IHF content was quantified by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Three subgroups were classified according to the conditional diagnostic criteria for obese children: simple obesity (n=31), NAFLD-1 (US fatty liver and normal alanine aminotransterase, n=33) and NAFLD-2 (US fatty liver and elevated alanine aminotransterase, n=29). Twenty healthy age- and sex-matched children served as a control group. IHF content among the four groups was compared. The relationship of IHF content with other common clinical laboratory parameters and independent factors influencing increased IHF content were investigated., Results: IHF content measured by 1H MRS was 0.80% (0.4%-1.0%), 2.9% (1.7%-4.30%), 14.0% (7.2%-17.5%) and 18.8% (14.0%-29.1%) respectively in the control, simple obese, NAFLD-1 and NAFLD-2 groups. There were significant differences in IHF content between the groups. Univariate correlation analysis demonstrated that IHF content was positively correlated with waist circumference, hip circumference, waisttohip ratio, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminoreansferase, γ-glutamic acid transtetase, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, OGTT 2-hour plasma glucose, fasting insulin, 2-hour insulin and insulin resisfence, and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated three independent risk factors for increased IHF content: increased waist circumference, increased 2-hour plasma glucose and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels., Conclusions: IHF content determined by 1H MRS can reflect early hepatic fatty infiltration and is closely related to the occurrence and progress of NAFLD in obese children and adolescents. There is a significant correlation between most of common clinical laboratory parameters and IHF content, and waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein and OGTT 2-hour plasma glucose are independent factors impacting IHF content.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the expression of transgelin-2 and the clinicopathological factors of colorectal carcinoma and evaluate the value of transgelin-2 in prognostic assessment of the colorectal cancer patients., Methods: Using tissue microarray and immunohistochemical methods, we examined transgelin-2 of 120 colorectal cancer patients received surgical treatment from September 2002 to April 2004, including 74 male and 46 female, age from 26 to 89 years. Analyzed the relationship between transgelin-2 and both the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the colorectal cancer by using χ² test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Cox proportion hazard regression analysis was used to study the independent prognostic factors., Results: The positive rate of transgelin-2 expression was 69.2% in colorectal carcinoma. The transgelin-2 expression correlated with differentiation degree (χ² = 5.420), lymph nodes metastasis (χ² = 45.577), distant metastasis (χ² = 12.009), and TNM staging (χ² = 47.577). The survival time was (39 ± 5) months in patients with positive expression of the transgelin-2, while (59 ± 3) months in patients with negative expression. The patient's survival time was statistically correlated with the transgelin-2 expression (P = 0.003). Distant metastasis (RR = 8.318, 95%CI: 4.119 - 16.790), lymph nodes metastasis (RR = 2.794, 95%CI: 1.246 - 6.263) and transgelin-2 expression (RR = 1.834, 95%CI: 1.118- 2.973) were independent prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The expression of transgelin-2 is correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in colorectal cancer, may be the potential marker of metastasis and the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.

Objective: To evaluate the learning curve of complete mesocolic excision(CME) for colon cancer., Methods: Clinical data of 75 cases in whom CME was performed by a group of surgeons in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital from November 2009 to June 2011 were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups(groups A, B, C, 25 cases in each group) by operative chronologic sequence., Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, preoperative staging, cancer location, operation history of abdomen, ASA among the three groups(P>0.05). The operative time in group A was (205.4 ± 53.2) min and decreased to (180.4 ± 29.7) min in group B and (169.8 ± 41.3) min in group C (P<0.05). The postoperative hospital stay decreased from (17.8 ± 10.9) d in group A to(12.9 ± 4.1) d in group B and(11.0 ± 3.5) d in group C(P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate decreased from 32%(8/25) in group A and 36%(9/25) to 8%(2/25) in group C. The specimen quality was superior in group C compared to group A (WEST grade C above were 20 and 11 respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in intraoperative bleeding, time to first flatus, postoperative fasting time, number of retrieved lymph nodes among the three groups(P>0.05)., Conclusion: From the learning curve of CME, surgeons can learn CME skill after performing 25 cases.

Objective: To compare the short-term efficacy and safety between complete mesocolic excision (CME) and traditional radical resection in colon cancer., Methods: Between January 2008 and August 2011, 92 patients undergoing elective open surgery for colon were included in the study. CME was performed in 54 patients in the period from November 2009 to August 2011. The other 38 patients underwent traditional radical resection from January 2008 to October 2009. Short-term outcomes were compared between the patients of two different time periods., Results: Lymph nodes retrieved in the CME group (22.2 ± 8.0) were significant more than that in the control group (18.6 ± 4.7)(P<0.05). In patients with stage III cancer, CME group was associated with higher lymph node counts (23.8 ± 7.6 vs. 16.7 ± 3.6, P<0.01), however, there were no significant differences for those with stage I and stage II cancer (P>0.05). The number of positive lymph nodes and metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) for stage III patients in two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). There were no differences in operation time, time to first bowel movement, hospital stay, and postoperative complications between the two groups (P>0.05). However, intraoperative blood loss in the CME group was significantly reduced (median, 100 vs. 115 ml, P<0.05)., Conclusions: CME can achieve en-bloc resection of the tumor and mesocolon, and have optimal lymph nodes harvest. Despite wider resection extent with CME technique, the surgical risk and postoperative complications are not increased and the short-term efficacy is good.

Waterbird surveys were conducted regularly in the Qiantangjiang River estuary and Hangzhou Bay from July 2007 to November 2011. A total of 128 species (nine orders and 18 families) were recorded, including 119 migrants which accounted for 93% of the total species; eleven species were listed as National Protected Species. Inter-specific correlation analysis for 13 shorebird populations and nine duck populations recorded over time found that 21 pairs of shorebirds and 23 pairs of ducks were correlated. By looking at seasonal dynamics and migration patterns we were able to divide the migration process into six stages: (1) late July to late September was the migration peak of shorebirds, which were dominated by Limosa limosa, Calidris ruficollis and Charadrius mongolus. (2) Early October to mid-December was the migration peak of wintering migrants of shorebirds and ducks, which were the first two large groups in our study areas. (3) Late December to mid-February was the wintering period of migration waterbirds. (4) Late February to late March was the peak migration of ducks and the winter migrants of shorebirds dominated by Calidris alpina. (5) Early April to mid-May was the migration peak of passage migrants such as, Calidris ruficollis, Calidris acuminate and Limosa limosa but the population size of shorebird winter migrants dominated by Calidris alpine was still larger than the former. (6) Late May to mid-July was the breeding season of all egrets, summer migrants of gulls and several species of shorebirds. Our surveys show that interaction among species is possibly an important determinant of community composition of shorebirds and wintering ducks during the migration season. It may be the geographical position and community composition of migrant shorebirds across Hangzhou Bay that mean during the northward migration there are far more shorebirds than during the southward migration.

In this paper, the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and its distribution pattern in the natural intertidal zones and reclaimed wetlands of Hangzhou Bay were studied, aimed to explore the effects of vegetation succession, exotic species invasion, and reclamation on the SOC in costal wetlands of the Bay. In intertidal zones, the surface SOC content ranged from 4.41 to 8.58 g x kg(-1), with an average of 6.45 g x kg(-1), and differed significantly under different vegetations, with a tendency of under Phragmites australis (8.56 +/- 0.04 g x kg(-1)) > Spartina alterniflora (7.31 +/- 0.08 g x kg(-1)) > Scirpus mariqueter (5.48 +/- 0.29 g x kg(-1)) > mudflats (4.47 +/- 0.09 g x kg(-1)); in reclaimed wetlands, the surface SOC content was 7.46 +/- 0.25 g x kg(-1) in the 1960s, 1.96 +/- 0.46 g x kg(-1) in the 1980s, and 5.12 +/- 0.16 g x kg(-1) in 2003, showing a trend of increased after an initial decrease with increasing reclamation year. The SOC in the profiles all showed a decreasing trend from the surface to the bottom. The SOC in intertidal zones and reclaimed wetlands was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH, and positively correlated with soil total nitrogen (TN), suggesting a large reserve of organic nitrogen in TN. The correlation between SOC and soil C/N ratio was not obvious in intertidal zones, but significantly positive in reclaimed wetlands, indicating that reclamation affected soil C/N ratio to a certain extent. This study showed that in the intertidal zones, soil carbon sequestration capacity increased gradually with plant community succession. However, the invasion of exotic species Spartina alternflora might decrease the capacity of carbon sequestration in intertidal zones. It was also found that the changes of soil moisture content, particle composition, vegetation coverage, and reclamation history were the main factors affecting the SOC distribution in reclaimed wetlands.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Rubus parvifoliu., Methods: The constituents were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, et al., Results: Seven compounds were isolated from the roots of Rubus parvifolius L., they were identified as p-sitosterol (I), lauric acid (II), O-nitrophenol (III), beta-daucosterol (IV), euscaphic acid (V), camelliagenin A (VI) and(+) -catech in (VII)., Conclusion: Compounds III and VII are isolated from the plant for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the effect and safety of the hook needle knife for the treatment of stenosing tenovaginitis of flexor digitorum., Methods: From September 2007 to September 2008, 60 outpatients with stenosing tenovaginitis of flexor digitorum were randomized divided into the treatment group and the control group, 30 cases in each group. Among the patients, 44 patients were female and 16 patients were male, aged from 34 to 69 years, averaged 56 years, the duration of disease ranged from 1 month to 1 year, averaged 3 months. All the patients were treated with hook needle knife and local-blocking respectively. The patients were followed up for 6 months, and the relief of moving-pain, tender-pain, stretching-pain and resist-ing--pain were observed respectively. All the patients were evaluated by the symptoms with numerical rating scale., Results: The relief of moving-pain, tender-pain, stretching-pain and resisting-pain in the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group; and the therapeutic effects of treatment group were better than those of the control group., Conclusion: The method for treating stenosing tenovaginitis of flexor digitorum with hook needle knife has advantages of definite effects, micro-invasion and safety.

In order to understand the spatiotemporal variation of fish species composition and biodiversity in the mudflat wetlands of Hangzhou Bay, thirty six surveys were conducted in the mudflat area, inning area, and aquaculture area in the south bank of the Bay in. March (early spring), May (spring), July (summer), and October (autumn), 2009. A total of 41 species belonging to 9 orders and 16 families were observed, among which, Cyprinid had the largest species number (14 species, 33.3% of the total), followed by Gobiidae (8 species, 19.1%). According to the lifestyle of fish, these 41 species could be divided into five ecological types, i.e., freshwater type (21 species), brackish-water type (16 species), inshore type (2 species), anadromous type (Coilia ectenes), and catadromios type (Anguilla japonica). The fish abundance was the highest (54. 5 fish per net) in summer, followed by in spring and autumn, and the lowest (17.7 fish per net) in early spring. In the three habitats, mudflat area and inning area had the similar seasonal change of fish abundance, i.e., the lowest in early spring, the highest in summer, and then decreased in autumn. Only two or three species were the dominant species in different seasons. In mudflat area, the dominant species were Mugil cephalus and Liza carinatus; while in inning and aquaculture areas, the dominant species were Carassius auratus, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Pseudorasbora parva. The values of Margalef's richness index (D), Pielou's evenness index (J), and Shannon index (H) were lower in March than in other months, but had no significant differences among May, July, and October (P > 0.05). The H value ranged in 0. 27-2. 13, being the lowest in March and higher in May and October (1.66 and 1.63, respectively). Overall, the fish abundance and biodiversity in the mudflat wetlands of Hangzhou Bay had apparent seasonal changes.