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The insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) of grape skins was modified by high-temperature steaming combined with the snail enzyme method using grape skins as raw material, the aim of this study was to increase the yield of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and improve the physicochemical properties of SDF and IDF. The effects of different factors on the yield of SDF were studied, and the physicochemical indexes of dietary fiber before and after modification were determined. The experimental results were as follows: Steaming time of 60 minutes, steaming temperature of 120 ℃, the material to liquid ratio was 1:25 g/mL, enzyme addition of 3.50%, enzymatic hydrolyswas temperature of 34.0 ℃, and enzymatic hydrolysis time of 55 minutes. Under these conditions, the yield of SDF was 10.25%. The water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, and swelling capacity of modified SDF were increased by 1.74, 1.53, and 1.13 times, respectively. The water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, and swelling capacity of the modified IDF were increased by 1.01, 1.26, and 1.27 times, respectively. Compared with the unmodified SDF and IDF, the structure of the modified SDF and IDF became more loose, and the glucose adsorption capacity, glucose dialysis retardation index, and α-amylase inhibition were significantly improved. Among them, the modified SDF had the strongest glucose adsorption capacity, and the glucose dialysis delay index was also higher than other dietary fiber samples. When the addition amount was 8 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of the modified SDF on α-amylase reaches its maximum value (54.71%). In summary, the modified SDF and modified IDF had better characteristics, which would provide a theoretical basis for modified grape skin dietary fiber.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and further analyze the application prospects of the combined multitarget fecal FIT-DNA assay in the early screening of colorectal cancer. MethodsSubjects were selected from a population attending the Inner Mongolia Medical University Hospital. Each subject underwent a combined multi-target fecal FIT-DNA test (experimental group), a serum tumor marker test and enteroscopy (control group). The pathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy of novel fecal molecular testing techniques for colorectal cancer screening with timely intervention given to screen positive individuals. ResultsThe data of 115 individuals were analyzed. Serum tumor markers test had a sensitivity of 63.2% (43/68) and a specificity of 74.5% (35/47). The enteroscopy had a sensitivity of 97.1% (66/68) and a specificity of 80.7% (38/47); the combined multitarget fecal FIT-DNA test had a sensitivity of 89.7% (61/68) and a specificity of 87.2% (41/47). ConclusionThe sensitivity and specificity of multitarget fecal FIT-DNA combined detection are better than those of serum tumor marker detection. Although its sensitivity is lower than enteroscopy, its operation is simpler and can be tested at home.

The razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta, Class Bivalvia) is a kind of burial filter-feeding shellfish. Salinity fluctuation is an important source of pressure for water habitats. High salinity in some coastal areas of Shandong and Jiangsu impact the survival and germplasm conservation of razor clam. To study the ecological behavior response of S. constricta to high salt culture environment, two populations of razor clams were used, including "Shenzhe No.1" population (SZSC) and a natural population (ZRSC). The semi-lethal salinity level of each population was determined. The effects of control group (20) and high salinity (24, 28, 32) on burrowing and feeding behavior of razor clams were studied. The differences in burrowing indices and feeding physiology between the two populations were compared. In the burrowing behavior experiment, two groups were set; razor clams from the temporary pond were put into each salinity group to start the experiment, while the other group of razor clams were stressed under each salinity condition for 24 h and then put into each salinity group to start the experiment. The results showed that the 120 h LC50 of SZSC was 34.04, while the 120 h LC50 of ZRSC was 32.04. The burrowing behavior of razor clams could be divided into four periods: The preparation period of shell closure, the period of axe foot movement, mud digging period, and the end period of mud diving. In the non-stressed group, the burrowing time of 50% (BT50) of SZSC was significantly higher than that of ZRSC (P0.05). The BT50 of SZSC was closer to that of the control group at 24 and 28 salinity, and the vitality of SZSC was significantly better than that of ZRSC after 24 h of salinity stress. Under high salinity, the distribution of SZSC in mud was more concentrated than that in ZRSC, and the burrowing depth was shallower. In terms of feeding physiology, the feeding rate of SZSC was significantly higher than that of ZRSC under high salinity (P

In order to study the effect of hypoxia combined with acid stress on GABA enrichment in adzuki bean and mung bean, germination time, germination temperature, hypoxia time and L-glutamic acid concentration were investigated by single factor. Based on the stress conditions identified for high GABA sprouted beans, GABA-enriched adzuki and mung beans were mixed with rice, and D-mixture design was used to optimize processing conditions for these sprouted bean/rice mixtures. Results showed that hypoxia combined with acid stress promoted GABA enrichment in adzuki and mung beans. In sprouted adzuki beans, GABA reached levels as high as 158.32±3.24 mg/100 g under the germination time of 48 h, germination temperature of 40 ℃, 15 h exposure to hypoxia, and L-glutamic acid concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. Mung bean stress conditions were: Germination time of 24 h, germination temperature of 35 ℃, 15 h exposure to hypoxia, and L-glutamic acid concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, the content of GABA was 141.57±4.35 mg/100 g. On this basis, the sprouted beans and rice formulation was optimized by D-mixture design as follows: Rice 76%, sprouted mung beans 11%, and sprouted adzuki beans 13%. Under this composition, the GABA content of sprouted bean/rice mixture was 23.73±1.03 mg/100 g, and the average sensory score was 88.76±2.47. The taste, color, and aroma of the sprouted bean/rice mixture fell within acceptable ranges, and the active ingredient GABA was enriched, enhancing the nutritional and functional properties of sprouted beans/rice. This study provided a theoretical reference for the further development of rice/grain mixtures.

At the altitude of low-Earth-orbiting satellites, most details of lithospheric magnetic anomalies observed near surface are attenuated, and only slowly decaying long-wavelength magnetic anomalies can be detected. Long-wavelength magnetic anomalies are generated by large-scale magnetized rocks in the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle at depths shallower than the Curie depth. Interpretation of such lithospheric magnetic anomalies has been used in geological mapping, crustal composition and structure studies, plate tectonic reconstruction, and geodynamics. To introduce the origin of long-wavelength magnetic anomalies at a global scale, we first reviewed satellite magnetic anomaly maps in early periods and calculated anomaly maps using four main lithospheric magnetic field models, including the CHAOS-7, CM6, MF7, and CSES models. Then, based on the result of the CHAOS-7 model at 500 km altitude, 29 long-wavelength magnetic anomalies with amplitudes greater than 4 nT were identified and their geological origins were reviewed. Among these, there were twenty magnetic anomalies over continents and nine over the ocean. The long-wavelength magnetic anomalies over continental areas were mostly located in Precambrian basements related to the Archean nuclei, Proterozoic terrane, and iron-rich formations, with a few located in the orogenic background. The long-wavelength magnetic anomalies in the ocean region were all located in oceanic plateau, generally related to the breakup of Gondwana during the Cretaceous Period, and have the characteristics of thickened crust. Hence, the long-wavelength magnetic anomalies reveal a significant magnetization difference in the deep crust during crustal growth, a key issue that requires further study. Compared to satellite magnetic surveys in some other nations, detecting lithospheric magnetic anomalies by satellite started relatively late in China. The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) was launched in February 2018. It was China's first satellite designed to monitor earthquakes with multiple geophysical payloads, including magnetometers capable of measuring weak signals from the lithosphere. The Macau Science Satellite-1 (MSS-1) was launched in 2023 and is specially used for monitoring the geomagnetic field in low latitudes. Furthermore, a subsequent CSES-02 satellite is planned to be launched in 2024. With the vigorous development of satellite magnetic surveys in China, it is expected that progressively more Chinese researchers will pay attention to long-wavelength magnetic anomalies and promote the study of their origin.

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have emerged as a primary tool for global geomagnetic field detection and model refinement, owing to their wide coverage, high resolution, and absence of geographical limitations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the history, key characteristics, measurement accuracy, and future trends in LEO satellite magnetic field measurements. The first part of the paper outlines the evolution of LEO satellites, highlighting their unique advantages. The focus then shifts to the calibration methodology for in-orbit LEO satellite magnetic measurements, with a specific emphasis on vector magnetic field intrinsic calibration and alignment algorithms. Calibration results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of these methodologies. In the third section, the paper introduces the theory behind global geomagnetic field modeling. An overview of current global geomagnetic field models is provided, encompassing their sources, spatial resolutions, and other relevant attributes. The paper concludes by presenting the global morphology and features of the main field, lithospheric field, magnetospheric, and ionospheric field. Despite the significant progress enabled by LEO satellite technology, global geomagnetic field modeling faces challenges such as limited spatio-temporal resolution. To address this, incorporating near-surface observation data and continuously optimizing modeling technology are deemed essential solutions.

Geochemistry of noble gases has been applied to the study of deep Earth materials and celestial meteorites. With advancements in measurement technology, it is also increasingly being used in natural gas research. Using the most advanced noble gas mass spectrometer, a systematic analysis was conducted on the abundance and isotopes of noble gas samples collected from the middle and deep Songliao Basin in eastern China to elucidate the compositional characteristics of noble gases in a faulted basin. The findings reveal that the abundance of noble gases in natural gas decreases from light noble gases to heavy noble gases in a left-to-right reversed L-shaped pattern. Specifically, the isotopic ratios of noble gases are: 3He/4He at 2.64×10-6, 20Ne/22Ne at 9.94, 21Ne/22Ne at 0.029 22, and 40Ar/36Ar at 743.7, all of which are higher than atmospheric values. The isotopes 80Kr, 84Kr, 86Kr, and 131-136Xe show relative excess compared to atmospheric levels, indicating the mixing of mantle-derived gases in the natural gas. Based on the compositional characteristics of noble gases, this study suggests that the natural gas in the middle and deep Songliao Basin originated from inorganic crust and mantle mixing. Additionally, certain differences exist in the contribution of mantle-derived components across different tectonic blocks and categories of natural gas within the basin. Comparison between noble gas compositions and the types of natural gas demonstrates that light noble gases distinguish effectively between different types of natural gas, whereas the composition of heavy noble gases shows no significant differences among various types of natural gas. Noble gas isotopes, in addition to tracing the source of natural gas, can also be used to determine natural gas genesis, distinguish natural gas types and characterize tectonic settings.

Aiming at the problem that during continuous braking of pure electric commercial vehicles, low air source pressure will lead to slower braking force response speed of drive axle coupling and affect braking energy recovery efficiency, a scheme of uncoupled braking energy recovery system (URBS) based on proportional relay valve was proposed. Firstly, based on the hysteresis characteristics of the proportional relay valve, the feed-forward-single neuron PID control method was adopted to realize the accurate output of braking air pressure. Secondly, taking the battery SOC and vehicle speed as the constraints, the pressure supply mode was determined according to the pressure signal of the air source, and the uncoupled braking energy recovery control strategy was formulated. Finally, a joint simulation platform was built based on AMESim, MATLAB/Simulink and TruckSim, and a single braking condition and cyclic conditions were selected to verify the effect of the braking force coupling and the braking energy recovery of the system. The results show that URBS based on proportional relay valve can achieve rapid response of coupled braking force, with the time of less than 0.1 second to reach 75% of steady-state pressure value. The effective braking energy recovery rates under CHTC-HT（China heary-duty commercial vehicle test cycle for heavy truck) and C-WTVC(China world transient vehicle cycle) conditions are 10.13% and 17.17%, respectively. The proposed URBS scheme can effectively improve the response speed and coupling accuracy of coupled braking force of the drive axle, and can provide reference for the design of pneumatic URBS schemes for pure electric commercial vehicles.

The natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide in China has great exploration potential, and the origin, source and formation mechanism of hydrogen sulfide are of concern to petroleum workers. Hydrogen sulfide content and sulfur isotope analysis are two common and important identification indicators. Due to strong toxicity of hydrogen sulfide, many laboratories in China conduct fewer tests or cancel such testing items. In this paper, hydrogen sulfide conversion reagent is preferring selected in pretreatment process. At the same time, through improving isotope mass spectrometer supporting equipment, i.e. tuning the parameters of ion beam focusing of sulfur isotope Faraday cup, installing special chromatography column, Teflon pipeline, sulfur reaction tube, etc., the technology platform for combined measurement of hydrogen sulfide content and sulfur isotope is constructed. Secondly, the high purity sulfur dioxide standard gas is replaced with working standard gas of low concentration, low pressure and small volume, and the optimal experimental conditions are determined through system condition experimental exploration (stability, standard substance analysis, etc.). Finally, the solid precipitate generated by the reaction was sent into the mass spectrometer for the detection of sulfur isotope composition information, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gas to be measured is calculated by comparing signal with the isotopic composition of standard pure sulfur-containing substances. By using this method, the hydrogen sulfide content and sulfur isotope in some natural gas of Daniudi and Fuxian gas fields in Ordos Basin, and Hongxing area in western Hubei and eastern Chongqing are measured. The measured results are stable with good precision, and are consistent with the results of external laboratories. Comparing traditional method, this method can obtain sulfur content and sulfur isotope values by a single sampling. The preferred silver acetate reagent with one-step chemical method can reduce isotopic fractionation. In addition, the hydrogen sulfide inverting into solid silver sulfide are more reliable directly compared with the standard substance silver sulfide isotope. With low concentration, low pressure, small volume SO2 as the working standard gas, it reduces the laboratory safety risk and instrument damage, and meets the environmental safety requirements.

[Introduction] Accurate and efficient short-term electricity load forecasting is a prerequisite for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of power system, and it is also the basis for the rational arrangement of power generation plans in the power grid. Therefore, studying the relationship between meteorology and electricity load is of great significance for load forecasting. [Method] Based on the electricity load data at 15 min intervals during the period between January 1 of 2013 and December 31 of 2021 provided by the State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd. as well as the corresponding meteorological observation data of Shijiazhuang station, this paper analyzed the temporal variation characteristics of daily peak electricity load in Shijiazhuang, and in particular, the meteorological conditions corresponding to the samples with a daily peak electricity load that was 10% higher than that of the previous day were analyzed. The Spearman's rank correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between daily peak electricity load in Shijiazhuang and the meteorological factors of the previous day, and significantly correlated meteorological factors were identified. The response curves of the significantly correlated meteorological factors to the next day's peak electricity load were drawn using the smooth curve fitting method, and the analysis revealed the changing trend of daily peak electricity load with the variations of meteorological factors, as well as the response thresholds. For different threshold ranges, the relative risk of meteorological factors to the changes of the daily peak electricity load was calculated based on the Poisson distribution. On this basis, the variation magnitudes of daily peak electricity load caused by per unit change in each meteorological factor within different threshold ranges in Shijiazhuang were calculated, that is, the quantitative impacts of the changes in different meteorological factors on the variation of daily peak electricity load were revealed. [Result] Taking temperature as an example, when the daily average, maximum and minimum temperatures are higher (lower) than the thresholds, the relative risk to the next day′s peak electricity load increases (decreases) by 2.25% (0.62%), 1.92% (0.57%) and 2.07% (0.60%) respectively for every 1 °C increase in temperature. [Conclusion] Based on the relative risk of different meteorological factors to daily peak electricity load in Shijiazhuang, a method for predicting the next day′s peak electricity load is proposed. The test performed using the daily electricity load and meteorological data of Shijiazhuang in 2022 reveals that the prediction effect can meet the needs of daily electricity meteorological service.

Objective To investigate the possible molecular pathogenesis of a child with hemophilia A accompanied by coagulation factor Ⅺ reduction by testing coagulation-related indicators and genotyping in the child and his family. Methods Peripheral blood from the patient and his parents for detection of coagulation factors Ⅷ, Ⅸ, Ⅺ, Ⅻ, VWF∶Ag, lupus anticoagulants and F VIII, F XI inhibitors were collected. All exons and flanking sequences of the genes encoding FⅧ and FⅪ were sequenced and bioinformatically analyzed. Results The child had low FⅧ and FⅪ activity and no parental abnormalities were observed. The sequencing results showed that there was a c. 1834(exon12) C>T heterozygous mutation in the FⅧ gene and a c. 1817 (exon15) G>A heterozygous mutation in the FⅪ gene, which was de novo. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the FⅪ mutation changes the original protein structure and increases the number of carboxyl groups. Conclusion For patients with prolonged APTT, in addition to excluding factors that interfere with APTT testing, all coagulation factors related to APTT should be tested to clarify the diagnosis.

BackgroundOsteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP) is involved in silicosis fibrosis induced by silicon oxide (SiO2) exposure. Its role in silicosis fibrosis by inducing ferroptosis of alveolar type II epithelial cells and its related mechanism remain unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the effect and possible mechanism of OC-STAMP on ferroptosis of alveolar type II epithelial cells and silicosis fibrosis in rats under SiO2 exposure. MethodsTwenty male Wistar rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into two groups: control (Sham) group and SiO2 group, 15 rats in each group. Rats in the SiO2 group were given 1 mL of 50 mg·L−1 SiO2 suspension at one time through the non-exposed intratracheal instillation method to establish an animal model of silicosis, and rats in the Sham group were give 1 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution in the same way. Rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks. Samples of lung tissue were fixed in glutaraldehyde or paraformaldehyde for observing ultrastructure of mitochondria by transmission electron microscopy; HE, Masson, VG, and Prussian blue were used to observe changes in lung tissue structure and iron deposition. The expression level of OC-STAMP and the degree of lung fibrosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The expression level of OC-STAMP in rat lung tissue was detected and the transfection effect of OC-STAMP was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Overexpression (OCS group) and inhibition expression (SI-OC group) models were constructed by OC-STAMP plasmid and OC-STAMP small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection to cultured MLE-12 cells, respectively. The relative expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and other proteins in lung tissue and MLE-12 were detected by Western blotting. ResultsThe results of HE, Masson, and VG staining showed that the silicosis modeling was successful after 8 weeks of SiO2 exposure. The immunofluorescence results showed that OC-STAMP and ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3) co-localized in alveolar type II epithelium. The immunohistochemical results showed that the levels of OC-STAMP and collagen I in the SiO2 group were significantly higher than those in the Sham group (P

Taking the engineering background of working face mining in the influence area of fold structure wing, the mechanism and prevention of rock burst induced by the change of coal seam inclination are studied by field investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field industrial test. The results show that: under the superposition of concentrated static load and near-field stress disturbance, coal is easy to be in static failure type or dynamic failure type I, while under the superposition of concentrated static load and far-field stress disturbance, coal is easy to be in dynamic failure type II. As the inclination angle of coal seam increases from 0° to 45°, the vertical stress of coal pillar side of goaf roadway increases gradually, while the vertical stress of solid coal side decreases gradually. A new anti-scour method is proposed, which adopts the cooperative control of surrounding rock pressure relief and asymmetric support. The results of electromagnetic radiation monitoring show that the cooperative control method can effectively improve the stability of surrounding rock.

In order to improve the situation of discontinuity in the range of stresses caused by pin deformation, the mathematical theoretical model of peak contact stresses after pin node deformation in the test rig was established based on the Hertzian contact theory, and the pin node model was simulated and analysed using ANSYS software and compared with the theoretical model. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical data. Combined with the actual engineering field application, five main indicators for reducing the peak stress in the contact area of the pin node hole wall were determined, namely: shaft hole gap, shaft casing thickness, node plate thickness, chamfer length, chamfer angle, and the use of Minitab software to establish the main effect cloud diagram for the three evaluation indicators: stress, tangential stress and strain; establish the affiliation function of the three evaluation indicators according to the fuzzy mathematical theory, and use the hierarchical Analysis of Hierarchy (AHP) was used to determine the weight vector of the evaluation indexes, and the optimal combination of parameters for the five main indexes was obtained by combining fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the principle of maximum subordination, and the combination of parameters was simulated. The results show that the optimized pin node column peak stress reduction ratio is 58.77%, and the peak stress reduction ratio of the trunnion node is 12%. The optimal combination of solution parameters was applied in the field in the design and development of the 50 MN hydraulic support test stand, which verified the reasonableness of the optimised parameters and effectively improved the service life of the centre beam pin during the loading test of the hydraulic support test stand. It was further demonstrated that by adding slope chamfers to the pin nodes, setting reasonable initial clearances and plate thicknesses, the peak pin node loads could be reduced to a large extent and the length of the stress range improved, providing a reference for the practical engineering application of the design of plug-in and plug-out positioning pin assemblies for heavy equipment.

In order to explore the fracture zone characteristics and microseismic evolution within overburden rock above mining coal seam, based on the geological engineering conditions of a mine, a microseismic simulation method was constructed according to the moment tensor and particle flow theory, and the microseismic evolution characteristics of overburden rock above panels were simulated. The results show that the magnitude of microseismic events in mining-disturbed overburden is between −2.7 and −1, and the microseismic fracture strength conforms to the Gaussian distribution. The relationship between microseismic frequency and moment magnitude also satisfies the classical moment magnitude-frequency relationship. The microseismic events show prominent regional distribution characteristics in the horizontal direction of the panel. The microseismic events in the left and right coal walls of the goaf occur earlier than the roof above goaf, and the microseismic events develop to both sides around the mining space, and there is a certain advance and lag. When the panel is mined for a certain distance, the vertical stress of the overburden above the goaf shows a 'double peak' characteristic, and the microseismic events extend upward rapidly and gather and develop in the weak overburden so that the microseismic events also show prominent layered distribution characteristics in the vertical direction. According to the stress, displacement, and microseismic distribution characteristics within overburden, the overburden can be divided into ‘four horizontal zones’ and ‘three vertical zones’. The proportion of microseismic events and fracture types in each fracture area is different. The coal wall supported and bed separation areas are the large proportion areas of shear and tensile microseismic events, respectively. In addition, a microseismic monitoring system was established for the study area. The field monitoring and numerical simulation results are consistent, indicating that the constructed microseismic simulation method has a good applicability and can reproduce the microseismic evolution process of mining-disturbed overburden from the mesoscopic level. The research results provide a theoretical basis for revealing the evolution mechanism of mining-induced fractures.

Objective: To establish the method for content determination of the five phenolic acids ingredients of Phyllanthus emblica L. in different harvest time, and to investigate its variation rules so as to determine the best harvest time. Methods: The contents of Epigallocatechin, Corilagin, Scorpion Biphenyl acid, Ellagic acid and Scorpion acid of Phyllanthus emblica L. in different harvest time were determined by HPLC, and the total amount of accumulation of the five active ingredients was calculated. The chromatographic column was Inertsil ODS-3 C18, acetonitrile−0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. A diode array detector was used with full-wavelength scanning. Flow rate was 1.0 mL·min−1. Injection was 10 μL. Used SPSS 24.0 software for principal component analysis, three principal components were selected and the comprehensive score was calculated. Results: The above five ingredients had a good linear relationship, and the correlation coefficients was more than 0.998, while the average recovery rates were 98.30%~101.22% and RSD were 0.43%~2.66%. There were some differences in the contents of the five phenolic acids ingredients in the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica L. during different harvesting periods. The contents of above five ingredients were 0.2317~1.5074, 1.9517~4.6593, 2.5105~6.3325, 2.2440~5.3386, 13.5570~39.1897 mg·g−1, respectively. The change in content of the five phenolic acids ingredients in different harvest time was: July>May>August>June>January>September>April>February>October>December>March>November. The total content was the highest in July, which was (55.158±0.83) mg/g and showed a dynamic trend of decreasing first and then increasing. Principal component analysis results showed that the month with the highest comprehensive score was July. Conclusion: Established method can be used to determine the contents of the five phenolic acids ingredients of Phyllanthus emblica L. in different harvest time. July was the best harvest time for Phyllanthus emblica L.

Purposes It was expected to provide a reference for improving the performance, lifetime and service safety of piston pump. Methods This work reviewed the oil film charateristics of plunger pairs from the view of theoretical calculation and simulation. The thickness field, pressure field, and temperature field of oil film were analyzed to elucidate the lubrication performance. The tribological characteristics of plunger pairs, and the effect of lubrication medium and matching materials on their tribological behavior were summarized. The plunger pairs matching materials with low wear rate at present were enlisted. The lubrication and friction reduction mechanism of surface texture, and the effect of texture shape, area ratio, size, and distribution on tribological properties of plunger pairs were elucidated. Conclusions Axial piston pump is the core component of hydraulic equipment, known as the 'heart' of hydraulic system. The wear of key friction pairs of piston pump in service condition seriously threatens the reliable operation and long life service safety of equipment, and is also a technical bottleneck restricting the development and application of piston pump. Plunger pairs are one of the most numerous and key friction pairs in axial piston pump, and their tribological performance directly determines the service life of piston pump. The axial piston pump will be seriously damaged if the plunger pairs are with poor lubrication.

The Zhangheng-1 electromagnetic satellite is the space-based observation platform of China's stereoscopic earthquake observation system. Its scientific objective is to obtain the global geomagnetic field, electromagnetic field (waves), ionospheric plasma parameters, and high-energy particles for monitoring the dynamic variation of the ionosphere and the seismo-ionospheric disturbances over China and its surrounding areas to compensate for the deficiency of the ground-based observation system. The project explores new ways of earthquake monitoring and prediction by using space science. The first test probe of the Zhangheng-1 electromagnetic satellite series was successfully launched in February 2018, and has been stably operating in orbit for more than four years. The second is an operational probe that will be launched in early 2023. The in-flight commissioning test and cross-calibration work show that the Zhangheng-1 electromagnetic satellite can provide good data quality to support geophysics and space physics studies, and has obtained valuable scientific results in recent years. The global geomagnetic reference model built by Zhenghang-1 data is the first global geomagnetic field model built using only Chinese satellite data, allowing Chinese scientists to take an important role in the computation of the global geomagnetic reference model (IGRF) for the first time in over a century. The ionospheric electron density 3D model based on Zhangheng-1 satellite data can present the ionospheric structure characteristics. In natural hazards monitoring, Zhangheng-1 has shown good response ability to disturbances related to earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and geomagnetic storms. In terms of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling mechanism study, the full-wave calculation method can provide the electromagnetic field changes between the lithosphere-ionosphere waveguide and the ionospheric wave propagation feature. The results from the full-wave model prove the capability of the Zhangheng-1 satellite's electromagnetic payloads to detect low-frequency electromagnetic emissions induced from the earthquake epicenter. The simulation and observation studies suggest that the Zhangheng-1 satellite can reflect seismic activities, very low frequency (VLF) transmitter, magnetic anomalies in the lithosphere, and lightning activities in the atmosphere. These recent scientific results show that the Zhangheng-1 electromagnetic satellite is consistent with other similar types of electromagnetic satellites worldwide, indicating its great potential in scientific application.

Silicosis is a common occupational disease caused by long-term inhalation of large amounts of free SiO2 dust and deposition in lung tissues, characterized by the formation of silicon nodules and diffuse fibrosis of lung tissues. Silicosis is one of the most common and serious occupational diseases in China, and its treatment imposes a huge economic burden on individuals and the country. The formation mechanism of silicosis is very complex, and no early screening indicators, effective drugs, and treatment methods are available yet. The current diagnosis of silicosis is based on occupational history and chest radiography findings, and it is irreversible once pulmonary fibrosis develops. Moreover, as silicosis is a continuously progressive disease, even if silicosis patients stop exposure to free SiO2 dust, their pulmonary fibrosis will continue to develop and deteriorate. Programmed cell death (autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, etc.) is a key factor involved in the development of silicosis. This article summarized the important roles of programmed cell death, including autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, in silicotic fibrosis, and concluded that regulating different programmed cell death and related signaling pathways through effective means may delay the process of silicosis fibrosis, providing new ideas and clues for exploring potential mechanisms of silicosis formation and formulating prevention and treatment strategies.

To follow the national development concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", the reuse of abandoned mines has become a hotspot. A reasonable stability analysis method to reinforce the slope must be proposed. However, the shape of common mine slope is close to a circle or an ellipse, and thus the three-dimensional space effect of stability cannot be ignored. Based on the strength reduction method of FLAC3D, an axisymmetric numerical analysis method was proposed. Through comparative calculation and analysis, some conclusions can be obtained as follows: (1)For concave slopes with circular-likeshape, the safety factor calculated by the axisymmetric model is more accurate than that of the traditional plane strain model, the calculation time of the proposed model is less, and the proposed model is also applicable to various types of slopes. (2)The safety factor obtained from the axisymmetric model is close to the results obtained from the 3-D model, while the safety factor obtained from the traditional plane strain model is conservative.(3)The calculation results of the axisymmetric model are also consistent with the results from the literature. The proposed model is further applied to the stability analysis of a mine slope reinforcement in Changsha Ice World, which can also be applied in the slope stability evaluation of similar projects.

This study selected commercially available eight semolina flour samples and one common wheat flour as raw materials. The particle characteristics, physicochemical indexes and solvent retention capacity were tested with the aim of clarifying the difference between the two and the reasons for it. Meanwhile, this paper evaluated the processing quality properties of semolina flour in terms of making traditional dried noodles. Significant differences (P

Debris flow disasters occur frequently in Nyingchi City, Tibet. There is an urgent need to establish an early warning model to predict the possible areas of debris flow disasters in Nyingchi City and reduce the losses caused by those disasters. This paper presented an early warning model based on raster runoff simulation in Nyingchi City, which can simulate the water depth at each location in the watershed and improve the spatial pertinence of debris flow early warning. In this model, the disaster factors of debris flow are divided into background factor and excitation factor. The probability of debris flow disaster in Nyingchi City is obtained by logistic regression of many factors such as bare rock rate, vertical slope of riverbed and so on, which is used as the background factor. The raster runoff simulation model is introduced to simulate the predicted water depth at each position of the basin during the early warning period by importing the precipitation and snow water equivalent data. Using binary logistic regression method to calculate the weight of background factor and excitation factor, the final model is obtained. 18 historical disasters from 2011 to 2020 were used to verify the model. The disaster points falling into the early warning area accounted for 64.4%, which has certain guiding significance for the early warning of debris flow disaster in Nyingchi City.

The effect of partial replacement of flour with Chongqing tuo tea powder (CTP, 2%~12%) on texture properties, color, sensory attributes, functional components and antioxidant properties were investigated. Results showed that, the utilization of CTP led to a negative effect on texture, no differences were found in resilience(P>0.05) and the hardness and chewiness increased whereas the springiness showed a reverse trend (P

The construction of electroactive ion separation membranes with dual functions of electron and ion transfer is a key technology in the field of electronchemically switched ion permselectivity membrane (ESIPM) separation. In this paper, CNT/CNF composite membranes with three-dimensional porous structure in submicron scale were prepared by blending and filtration of conducting carbon nanotubes (CNT) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF). Using CNT/CNF composite membranes as conductive base membrane, the SPS/CNT/CNF composite membrane with dual electron and ion transfer function was prepared by in situ filling of sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) with cation exchange function into the nano-micron channel of CNT/CNF without destroying the structure of CNT crosslinking network through solution penetration strategy. The structure and properties of CNT/CNF membrane were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and contact angle test. The ion separation performance of CNT/CNF membrane and SPS/CNT/CNF membrane was systematically compared on an electrodrive membrane separation tester. The results show that the SPS/CNT/CNF composite membrane has the cation separation ability equivalent to commercial ion exchange membrane, and has excellent electrical conductivity with an electrical conductivity 7 orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional inert ion exchange membrane. In addition, the SPS/CNT/CNF composite membrane also has excellent electrochemical activity, hydrophilicity, and stability. This study provides a novel synthesis strategy for the preparation of high performance ESIPM.

Based on the Purchasing Managers' Index, the relevant data of the superhard material industry, the import and the export data of superhard commodities of China Customs, and the import data of United States and Japan Customs, 6 tables and 8 charts are summarized in this study to analyze the economic operation of the superhard industry in the first half of 2022. The data shows that the growth rate of industrial added value of superhard industry is 27.4%, which is 23.0 percentage points higher than that of enterprises above the national size. The profit growth rate is 65.0%, which is 64.0 percentage points higher than that of enterprises above the national scale (74.4 percentage points higher than the 10.4% decline in manufacturing). The growth rate of export delivery value is 10.2% (the export value of superhard goods according to the statistics of the General Administration of Custom increases by 20.6% year on year, which is 7.4 percentage points higher than the national exports value). China dominates the imported market of superhard goods in United States and Japan. In the dilemma of national macroeconomic development, the main economic indicators of the superhard material industry are far higher than the corresponding national indicators, which shows the trend of vigorous development of the superhard industry.

In order to study the mechanical properties of tailings aggregate concrete, uniaxial compression tests were carried out on concrete with four kinds of lead-zinc tailing sand, and the acoustic emission signals during compression were obtained, and the damage evolution characteristics of the material were evaluated based on the acoustic emission signals. The results show that the deformation process of concrete specimens can be divided into four main stages: elastic, plastic, fracture and residual deformation. With the increase of replacement ratio of lead-zinc tailing sand, the compressive strength increases and becomes stable after more than 30%. The relation curve between damage factor and strain was obtained by acoustic emission test. The structural damage of ordinary concrete is mainly in the plastic deformation stage while the structural damage of tailing sand modified concrete is mainly in the plastic and fracture failure stage. A certain proportion of lead-zinc tailing sand helps to accelerate the formation of hydrated gels, thus enhancing the strength and deformation properties.

Porosity is one of the important characteristics reflecting the microstructure of loess and directly affects the physical and mechanical properties of loess, such as water sensitivity, permeability and strength. To study the micropore structure characteristics of loess under hydraulic coupling, micro CT technology was used to scan the initial structure of natural undisturbed, undisturbed saturated and remolded loess and the soil structure after unconsolidated-undrained shear tests. The evolution characteristics of the pore structure before and after shear tests are analyzed through the three-dimensional structure model of loess. The results show that the pore structures of the natural undisturbed loess, the saturated undisturbed loess and the remolded loess are significantly different, and the pore structures of the samples have a significant impact on the shear failure process. The process of saturation and remodeling can reduce the macropores of undisturbed soil.Shear stress can cause shear failure of natural undisturbed and remolded loess, compression failure of undisturbed saturated loess, and the increases of local porosity. The natural undisturbed and undisturbed saturated loess show a large number of micropores and small pores before and after shear, and the pore dip angle is mainly distributed between 50°-90°, which explains the main reason for the formation of the metastable structure of loess. The remodeled loess has a uniform pore size distribution due to the disturbance effect, and the remodeled and saturated loess is more prone to buckling and yielding under hydraulic action. It is revealed that the microstructure of shear deformation and failure of loess is mainly manifested in the dissolution of intergranular cement, the collapse and filling of pores, and the rotation, fragmentation and slip of particles. The test results can provide a basis for the mechanism of shear strength reduction and collapsibility of loess.

Background Myopia is an important cause of visual impairment and has become a public health problem all over the world. In China, myopia has a high incidence rate and age of onset of which is becoming younger. There is no clinical method to reverse myopia in children. Therefore, it is important to standardize the screening for ametropia to realize early detection and intervention of myopia. As a primary care institution, a community health center may accurately understand the prevalence of myopia in teenagers in its service coverage area. So giving full play to the role of community health center has important practical significance for the containment of myopia in children and adolescents. Objective To explore the feasibility of community-based prevention and control of myopia in school-age children. Methods A cohort study was conducted. The information about visual acuity and refractive status of students in a primary school in Beijing's Chaoyang District from September 2019 to September 2021 were collected for statistical analysis, among which four groups of data in September 2019, September 2020, March 2021 and September 2021 were finally included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a total of 5 558 records. Then, based on the data, an electronic students' refractive database was established, with uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, refractive status (power of a spherical lens, power of a cylindrical lens, axis) , prevalence of wearing glasses or orthokeratology incorporated. The warning levels of vision screening were set to be 0, 1, 2 and 3 from low to high. The visual change, visual warning level, spherical equivalent (SE) of students were compared by grade. The visual changes and warning level evolution at different times were compared at the individual level. Corresponding interventions were implemented for different warning levels, and the intervention results were analyzed and discussed. Results There were statistically significant differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) among students by grade (F=100.413, P

To provide a theoretical basis for the quality positioning, characteristic index screening and brand building of different grades of Yongchuan Xiuya, the active ingredients, color and taste performance of different grades of Yongchuan Xiuya products were analyzed. In this paper, the active ingredients’ content and L*, a*, b* color indexes of different grades of Yongchuan Xiuya products were detected, and the relationship between the characteristic indexes and grades was studied by principal component analysis (PCA); the taste characteristics of Yongchuan Xiuya products were analyzed by electronic tongue combined with sensory evaluation. The results showed that the active ingredients’ content of Yongchuan Xiuya product showed a certain trend with the change of product grade. It showed that with the decrease of product grade, the contents of tea polyphenols, water extracts and the ratio of phenol to amino acids were increased, while the contents of amino acids were decreased. And catechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin (C) content increased with the decrease of product grade. Four principal components were extracted by PCA analysis. And 16 characteristic indexes that have important contribution to quality were selected, including color indexes like dry tea L*, a*, b* value, fused leaf L*, b* value, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, and also tea polyphenols, amino acids, water extract, gallic acid (GA), GC, EGC, C, caffeine (CAF). And the score of PCA was opposite to the actual product grade ranking. The comprehensive score from high to low was: Level 6>Level 5>Level 4>Level 3>Level 2>Level 1. The taste of Yongchuan Xiuya with electronic tongue showed that with the decrease of product grade, the index values of sour taste, bitter taste and astringency gradually decreased, while the taste and richness increased. The three indexes include astringency aftertaste, umami and richness of electronic tongue had a extremely significant or significant negative correlation with the taste score and comprehensive score of reviewers (P

To investigate whether taro starch can stabilize Pickering emulsion, the physicochemical properties of taro starch were characterized using particle size analysis, contact angle determination and Zeta potential determination. Additionally, with liquid paraffin as the oil phase and taro starch as the single emulsifier, the physicochemical properties of the emulsion were investigated and compared with those of japonica rice, corn, wheat and yam starches. The results showed that the average particle size of taro starch was the smallest (2.29 μm), and the particles presented irregular and multilateral shapes. The molar mass of taro starch was the minimum and evenly distributed, and the oil and water holding rates were the highest, 158.33% and 136.24% respectively. The three-phase antenna of taro starch was 36.60°, and the Zeta potential was -25.63 mV. The Pickering emulsion prepared under the mass concentration of taro starch water dispersion of 20 mg/mL, the oil-phase fraction of 50%, dispersion strength of 10000 r/min and dispersion time of 4 min could remain stable within 30 d, and the particle size of the emulsion droplets was the smallest (34.64~52.20 μm) during storage. Moreover, the rheological measurement of the taro starch-based Pickering emulsion showed that a weak emulsion network structure was formed. In conclusion, taro starch can effectively stabilize Pickering emulsion and is expected to be further developed as a stabilizer or emulsifier for food applications.

In order to improve the yield of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the co-fermentation conditions of Enterococcus faecium AB157 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125 were optimized by one-factor-at-a-time method and response surface methodology (RSM). Simultaneously, the enzyme activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was analyzed under optimal conditions in co-fermentation and single strain fermentation systems, and the mechanism of high GABA yield was explored by adding cell-free supernatant (CFS). The optimization results showed that when the overall quantity of inoculum was 2% (V/V), the optimal co-fermentation conditions were as follows: The fermentation temperature was 35 ℃, the inoculum proportions of E. faecium AB157 and S. cerevisiae SC-125 was 5:1 (V/V), and the L-monosodium glutamate concentration was 12 g/L with shaking fermentation for 96 h. In addition, the yield of 6.55 g/L GABA was 1.78 times higher than in single strain fermentation systems. The GAD enzyme activity analysis showed that co-fermentation could significantly improve GAD enzyme activity. Meanwhile, GABA yield could be significantly increased by adding CFS of E. faecium AB157 or S. cerevisiae SC-125. This study served as a theoretical foundation for the discussion of the co-fermentation of E. faecium and S. cerevisiae to increase GABA yield and the mechanism of high GABA yield.

A method for simultaneous determination of 10 veterinary antibiotics residues in pork by QuEChERS purification combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was developed. The sample was extracted and purified by Na2EDTA-Mcllvaine buffer solution-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile-NaCl-anhydrous Na2SO4-C18. The separation was performed on an Infinity Lab Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column and analyzed under the positive ion multi-reaction monitoring mode. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of 10 veterinary drugs were greater than 0.99, and the linear range was 5.0~100.0 μg/kg. The average recoveries were 72.3%~117.3% at the spiked levels of 5, 10, 20 μg/kg. The intra-day relative standard deviations (RSD) was 0.9% to 10.4%, and the within-day RSD was 1.1% to 13.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.25~1.0 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.5~5 μg/kg. This method was used to detect 50 fresh raw pork samples purchased in the market. One sample was positive for tetracycline, and none of the other samples were detected. The method was simple and fast to operate, had good precision and limit of quantification, and was suitable for the rapid detection of 10 antibiotic veterinary drugs in pork.

Lignite is extremely hydrophilic; thus it is difficult to upgrade its quality by conventional flotation. In this study, cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (CCM) was used as the collector for quartz. The effect of CCM dosage on reverse flotation of Shengli lignite was investigated by different slurry mixing methods. And the dissolution properties of CCM and its mechanism of collecting quartz were studied via surface tensitometer and FTIR. The flotation results show that, due to the strong hydrophilicity of Shengli lignite, the performance of direct flotation is poor. With reverse flotation, the yield of clean coal and the flotation perfection are obviously improved. Besides, the reverse flotation with the zero-conditioning is more efficient than the conventional one. FTIR results show that the adsorption of CCM barely change the functional groups of quartz, indicating that CCM was adsorbed on the surface of quartz through electrostatic adsorption to collect quartz. Meanwhile, CCM adsorption significantly reduces the content of hydroxyl oxygen-containing functional groups of quartz, leading to an increase of the content of hydrophobic groups such as long-chain alkyl. As a result, the hydrophobicity of quartz was improved, and the reverse flotation of lignite was promoted.

In this study, an on-line Gas Chromatography-Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (GC-Py-GC-IRMS) was established to conduct position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA) by enrichment of compound interested, chromatographic separation, instantaneous pyrolysis and isotope ratio measurement. Propane, as its instantaneous pyrolysis can be kinetically controlled, was selected for tests. The molar conversion (mol%) of propane during pyrolysis and the carbon isotopic compositions of pyrolysis products upon temperature sequence show that the optimal pyrolysis temperature of propane is 780-820 ℃ for its position-specific carbon isotope analysis. Integrated with carbon isotopic fractionation during the propane pyrolysis, the carbon isotopes of central and terminal carbon were successfully calculated. Two natural gas samples from the Daniudi Gas Field, Ordos Basin were collected for central and terminal carbon isotope measurements in propane. Similar δ13C values of central carbon of propane in natural gas from the Ordovician and Carboniferous-Permian reservoirs could be indicative of the same source strata. While 13C-enrichment in the terminal C-atom of propane in natural gas from the Carboniferous-Permian reservoirs probably indicates that natural gas accumulated in the Carboniferous-Permian reservoir maybe have experienced a higher thermal maturation compared to that from the Ordovician reservoirs. The results suggest that the PSIA in propane can be a potentially powerful tool to probe the mechanisms on natural gas generation.

In this study, 42 strains of microorganisms were isolated by traditional culture methods from the fermentation process of Liupao tea. The agar plate screening and liquid culture second round of screening was used to select microorganisms from 42 strains of microorganisms that could produce PPO. Then, the activity of PPO produced by microorganisms was measured. Salting out and dialysis were used to purify the microbial fermentation broth with the highest enzyme activity. The SDS-PAGE and Native-PAGE method was applied to determine the molecular weight and type of the PPO. The results identified 10 screened strains with PPO activity and No.16 (Pantoea vagans) with the highest activity. The enzyme activity of Pantoea vagans was 37 U/mL. The enzyme-producing activity of bacteria was generally higher than the fungus. The molecular weight of PPO between 16~48 kDa, the result showed that the enzyme was laccase. This study supplies a basis for exploring the relationship between Liupao tea quality and microorganisms. It can also provide data for the research and development of functional Liubao tea.

With the developments of exploration and production of natural gas in the Dongsheng gas field of Hangjinqi area, northern part of Ordos Basin, industrial valued helium has been discovered in this area. Natural gases from 166 wells in the Dongsheng gas field were analyzed in this study and results show that the helium contents of these gases range from 0.045% to 0.487%, with an average value of 0.118%, indicating industrial value for the helium resource. Two basement-faults developed zones of Duguijiahan and Shiguhao in the center of the gas field have relative higher content of helium, with an average value higher than 0.1%, indicating a great exploration potential. The average helium contents decrease from the lower stratum (the first member of Xiashihezi Formation, P1x1) to the upper stratum (the third member of Xiashihezi Formation, P1x3), indicating that the P1x1 and P1x2 are potential targets for helium exploration and development. According to helium isotopic compositions, helium in the Dongsheng gas field has of a typical crust source, mainly from Archean-Proterozoic metamorphic rock-granite series in the basement. It is clear that helium distribution in the Dongsheng gas field was controlled by both basement lithofacies and deep fractures. Helium is enriched mainly along deep basement fractures such as Borjianghaizi and Wulanjilinmiao, and at the intersection of second-level fractures communicating helium source and fourth-level faults being migration pathways, and in the areas of Archean-Proterozoic metamorphic rock-granite series basement distribution. The variation of helium content with gas well production performance in short and medium term of key natural gas wells in the Dongsheng gas field showed that the helium contents in natural gases are stable in a relatively long term. The proved helium reserves are 244.4×106 m3 and the 3P reserves are approaching 830.4×106 m3 by volume method. Thus, the Dongsheng gas field is considered as the first supergiant helium-rich gas field in China. It is suggested that the Dongsheng gas field in the Ordos Basin should be regarded as a pilot test area for the development and utilization of helium resources, and the feasibility of building helium strategic reserve base should be accelerated. The research on helium accumulation mechanism, resource potential evaluation and comprehensive utilization of helium and other associated resources in natural gas should be strengthened in major oil and gas bearing basins, in order to guide the exploration, development and comprehensive utilization of helium resources.

The abandoned mines along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province is the key area along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, which need to be restored and governed. Among the ecological restoration projects, it has been one of the difficulties that how to quickly and intuitively track the progress of the distribution and restoration of a great many abandoned mines in the region. In this paper, the author takes the 10 km area on both sides of the Belt as study object. And selects high-resolution remote sensing images in each year from 2017 to 2020 as the data source. By human-computer interactive interpretation on the ArcGIS platform and field verification, the author obtains the information such as the distribution of open-pit abandoned mines, geological environment problems and ecological restoration in the study area. This paper mainly focus on the geological environment problems existing in abandoned mines and summarizes the ecological restoration measures. It is shown that it ’s a wide area need to be restored in Zhenjiang and Nanjing. The area of open-pit abandoned mines mainly focus on the quarries and transit sites of the mines, with construction limestone and construction sand mines as the main types of mines involved. The environmental problems mainly include topography and geomorphological destruction, geological disasters, ecological environment damage and soil and water pollution, etc. And the part rehabilitated and being rehabilitated of the study area show an increasing trend from 2018 to 2020. As of October 2020, the restoration area of abandoned mines has been effective, with 67.08% of the area restored. The main ecological restoration measures include natural restoration, soil backfilling, land leveling, slope cutting and integrated land management. It is recommended that the original landform of the mining area should be protected to the maximum extent and the land resources fully utilized when carrying out restoration and treatment. The results and suggestions provide technical reference for the ecological restoration and treatment of open-pit abandoned mines in the same type of area.

In order to solve the problems of low average transmission efficiency of direct drive electric vehicle and the structure of traditional two shaft two speed transmission is not compact enough，a planetary gear two speed transmission scheme for electric passenger vehicles is proposed. And the parameters of power transmission system are matched，through the AVL Cruise preliminarily，the rationality for the parameter matching is verified. According to the matching result，the structural parameters for the planetary gear two speed transmission are designed. And the transmission ratio and other key parameters are modified. The three-dimensional model for the transmission is established based on CATIA. The strength for the key components is verified. Compared with the common direct scheme，the results show that the acceleration time for the whole vehicle will shorten 0.31 s when driving 100 km，the maximum climbing gradient will increase from 34% of direct drive scheme to 37%，the maximum vehicle speed will increase by 21 km/h，and the driving range under NEDC condition will also increase by 18 km. So the planetary gear type two speed transmission can effectively improve the power and economy for the whole vehicle.

Aiming at the problem that traditional anomaly detection model has poor recognition effect on a small number of abnormal samples under the condition of data imbalance, in this paper we proposed a support vector data description algorithm combined with improved diffusion maps (DM-SVDD), constructed a new model and applied it to industry abnormal detection. The diffusion mapping algorithm was improved by introducing Euclidean distance and Mahalanobis distance to construct a new neighbor graph. Combined with support vector data description algorithm for modeling, the new model improved the recognition performance of normal samples, and the detection performance of abnormal samples was better than that from traditional models. Experimental data were selected of polysilicon ingot data sets. The results show that for an unbalanced data set formed by fewer abnormal samples, compared with traditional anomaly detection model, the model proposed in this paper can increase G-Mean optimally by 15.73% and F-Score optimally by 19.37%, which meet the requirements of industrial anomaly detection. The model can be used to guide the actual production process and reduce production costs.

In order to improve the serious problem of "[KG-*2]collision" when the retarder is installed in the transmission system of a semi-trailer vehicle,and to improve the braking energy recovery rate during retarding conditions,a scheme of energy recovery type retarder installed in the hub on both sides of the front axle of semi-trailer was proposed.According to the regulation of retarder braking performance in GB/T 32692-2016,the retarder parameters were matched,and the corresponding retarder control strategy was proposed.According to the quality requirements of the electric semitrailer train in the control strategy,the quality estimation algorithm was studied,and based on the particle swarm algorithm,the braking torque distribution at low braking intensity was studied.A joint simulation platform was built through Matlab/Simulink and TruckSim to simulate and verify the quality estimation algorithm,the economy of electric semitrailer trains and braking safety.The simulation results show that the quality estimation algorithm can accurately estimate the quality of electric semitrailer trains; the energy recovery retarder can meet the retardation requirements of electric semi-trailer vehicles,improve the braking energy recovery rate,and can effectively improve the "[KG-*2]collision" problem of the electric semi-trailer train during slow braking.Related research provides new ideas for improving the braking energy recovery rate of electric semi-trailer vehicles during slow braking,and can improve the "[KG-*2]collision" problem and improve braking safety.

The traditional tracking and traceability system based on ARM9 and ZigBee and the tracking and traceability system based on STM32 have poor anti-interference ability, which leads to the low consistency between the cold chain food information transmitted and the actual information, resulting in poor tracking and traceability effect. In order to solve this problem, on the basis of designing SSH framework to process logistics information, genetic algorithm was combined to extract tracking and traceability features, and the cold chain logistics tracking scheme was designed. The experimental results show that in recognition experiments of 90 times, the effective recognition times of the system are available, the minimum effective times can reach 83 times, and the average success rate of traceability can reach 94.55%. The results show that the system can effectively track and trace the cold chain logistics information.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer. The systemic antitumor therapy of advanced NSCLC has undergone renovations of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which results in greatly improved survival for patients with advanced NSCLC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), has changed the treatment paradigm of NSCLC. ICIs have become the standard treatment for advanced NSCLC without epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutation or anaplastic lymphomakinase(ALK) translocation in the first- or second-line setting, and for locally advanced NSCLC following concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. ICIs are also promising in adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy. More and more ICIs have been approved domestically for the treatment of NSCLC. Led by the NSCLC expert committee of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), this consensus was developed and updated based on thoroughly reviewing domestic and foreign literatures, clinical trial data, systematic reviews, experts’ discussion and the consensus(2019 version). This consensus will aid domestic clinicians in the treatment of NSCLC with ICIs.

In recent years, great progress has been made in the exploration of natural gas in the Paleozoic in the Daniudi Gas Field in the northern Ordos Basin, especially the discovery of high yield industrial gas flow in the Ordovician weathering crust. However, the study of the origin and source of natural gas in the Lower Paleozoic in the Daniudi area is relatively limited, which directly restricts the next exploration project in the Lower Paleozoic in the northern Ordos Basin. The systematic analyses of gas components and carbon, hydrogen and noble gas isotopes showed that natural gas of the Paleozoic in the Daniudi area is dominated by methane and contains a certain amount of heavy hydrocarbons, and the carbon dioxide and nitrogen content is relatively high. It is not only dry gas generated at high to over maturity, but also wet gas originated from the mature stage. The natural gas of the Upper Paleozoic in the Daniudi area is a typical coal-type gas, while the natural gas of the Lower Paleozoic is both coal-type gas and oil-type gas. The carbon dioxide in the natural gas of the Paleozoic is mainly organic and with a small amount in the Lower Paleozoic being inorganic, which may be produced by the pyrolysis of carbonate minerals in the Lower Paleozoic source rocks. Geochemical analyses such as the carbon isotopes of source rock desorption gas, natural gas and kerogen, the hydrogen isotope of methane, the argon isotope dating, and the end-member gas mixed simulation experiments demonstrated that the coal-type gas in Upper and Lower Paleozoic in the Daniudi area in the northern Ordos Basin originated from the Upper Paleozoic coal-bearing source rocks, while the oil-type gas in the Lower Paleozoic was mixed with 0-45% coal-type gas, and the oil-type gas was predominant in the natural gas, which mainly originated from the source rocks of the Majiagou Formation in the Lower Paleozoic.

For a certain type of tank planetary gearbox K3 planet row， in order to research the influence of the fault gear on the dynamic characteristic of planetary transmission system， by using Solid works， Adams and Ansys software， a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model is established， as well as conducting joint simulation analysis. It is verified that the rigid-flexible coupling model has more obvious vibration response in the time and frequency domain than the pure rigid body model. By drawing the stress change curve of the dangerous node， the equivalent stress distribution cloud graph at the time of the maximum stress is obtained. The cause of gear spalling fault is clarified and fault operation is simulated. By comparing and analyzing the simulation signals of contact force and acceleration under normal conditions， the time and frequency response characteristics of gear spalling faults are obtained. The simulation results can provide basic basis and theoretical support for the research on the fault mechanism and fault diagnosis technology of the planetary gearbox.

Background and objective Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE). Methods This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE. Results This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively. Conclusion Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.

Based on AVL Cruise， the powertrain matching design and simulation for the direct drive scheme and the two-speed transmission scheme are carried out. According to the matching results， the two-speed transmission is structurally designed， including parameters calculation of key parts， static analysis and modal analysis. By comparing the current， the torque and the battery current of two schemes under various working conditions， the influence of the two-speed transmission on the economy and dynamic of the whole vehicle is clarified. The results show that， key parts meet the strength requirements under various working conditions and resonance is not occurred. The two-speed transmission scheme can reduce the demand for the drive motor torque and peak current， improve the system efficiency， which can improve the vehicle's economy and increase the driving range effectively. The related research can provide a reference for the selection of the electric vehicle power transmission system.

Based on the data of traffic accident number, casualty number, economic loss and meteorological elements in the Hebei Express-way from 2013 to 2017, the number and grade of accidents were quantified into accident index. The interannual, interlunar and diurnal varia-tion characteristics of the fog, rain and snow days with high impact on highway traffic are analyzed. The daily average traffic accident index and the nonlinear regression model of meteorological factors are constructed. The results show that:(1) The total number of traffic accidents, fatalities and economic losses under bad weather conditions at the time of traffic accidents are in the order of foggy, rainy, and snowy, while the number of injuries and casualties are in the order of rainy, foggy, and snowy. (2) The peak value of traffic accidents in rainy and snowy days is related to the extreme weather events in that year, and the direct economic loss of single traffic accident in foggy days is on the rise. There are significant differences in the month and day distribution of accidents. The month with the highest incidence of foggy accidents is from September to February of the next year. The month with the highest incidence of accidents in rainy days is from May to October. The snow days are mostly in January-December, and the time between 05:00-08:00 BT and 00:00 BT is the high incident time period. (3) Us-ing precipitation, visibility and traffic accident index, higher-than-normal traffic accident prediction models are established, and their effect as judged by non-linear regression is very significant.

Shale gas enrichment is not only controlled by sufficient gas source but also by the intensity of later structural transformation.Gas volume is related to source rock quality and hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency, and the amount of shale gas generation depends on remaining hydrocarbon.Based on the identification and statistics of solid bitumen and the analysis of helium and carbon isotopes, the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency, the in situ gas production of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng and Lower Silurian Longmaxi shales in Jiaoshiba and Pengshui exploration areas and its influence on shale gas enrichment were investigated. The hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency, residual oil volume and in situ gas volume for Jiaoshiba were 23%, 27.67 kg/t and 21.23 m3/t, while those values for Pengshui were 65%, 11.0 kg/t, and 18.99 m3/t, respectively, indicating differential hydrocarbon generation and expulsion related to various influence of the Indosinian Movement.According to the results of 4He isotope dating, Fuling shale gas began to be stored and accumulated at the initial stage (231 Ma) of the oil generation peak period with sufficient gas sources, while the closed system for Pengshui shale gas was formed at the later stage (183 Ma) than the gas generation peak with insufficient gas source. The δ13C2 and δ13C1-δ13C2 for Fuling shale gas were -35.8‰ and 4.8‰, while those values for Pengshui shale gas were -33.0‰ and 3.3‰, respectively.The different δ13C fractionation effects might be attributed to the distinct state of the hydrocarbon generation system. Therefore, the matching of the hydrocarbon generation peak period with the key structural transformation period in the process of hydrocarbon generation and evolution, the hydrocarbon retention amount in the maximum burial period and the structural transformation intensity in the process of uplift and denudation jointly controlled the generation, enrichment and preservation of shale gas.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer, most NSCLC patients are at advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. For patients without sensitive driven-oncogene mutations, chemotherapy is still the main treatment at present, the overall prognosis is poor. Improving outcomes and obtaining long-term survival are the most urgent needs of patients with advanced NSCLC. In recent years, immunotherapy has developed rapidly. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have made a breakthrough in the treatment of NSCLC, beneficial to patients’ survival and changed the treatment pattern for NSCLC. It shows more and more important role in the treatment of NSCLC. Led by NSCLC expert committee of Chinese society of clinical oncology (CSCO), relevant experts in this field were organized. On the basis of referring to domestic and foreign literature, systematically evaluating the results of Chinese and foreign clinical trials, and combining the experiences of the experts, the experts group reached an agreement to develop this consensus. It will guide domestic counterparts for better application of ICIs to treat NSCLC.