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This paper introduces the distribution of global lithium resources and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of lithium in the human body, discussing the positive effect of lithium in the environment on the nervous system and its neuroprotective mechanism. The tiny amounts of lithium that enter the body through the food chain have been linked to beneficial health effects, such as improved cognition and reduced depression and violence. However, the safe dose range of lithium is narrow, and the health effects of drinking high concentrations of lithium water in high-lithium areas are unclear. It is necessary to study the health effects and mechanisms of different doses of lithium, especially high concentrations of lithium in the environment.

Autism spectrum disorder is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by social interaction and communication impairments, accompanied by repetitive behaviors. Little is known about the causes and contributing factors for autism. It is difficult to prevent and cure, and has become a globe public health problem. With the development in the prevalence of autism, the idea how the environmental factors cause the autism, gains all attentions. Summarizing latest epidemiological studies and experimental evidence, this review is focused on the effect of environmental factors, including air pollutant, heavy metal and pesticides, and discussed the relation between environmental risk factors and autism. The results showed that risks of autism in children may increase following in prenatal exposure to air pollutants, heavy metal and pesticides. It is needed to do the research on the mechanism of environmental risk factor and autism for more prevention, treatment and control suggestions.

To determine the relation between genetic factor and lung cancer We selected 370 lung cancer probands in Xuanwei county, Yunan Province China. The data on 370 nuclear families were analysed. The segregation ratio of lung cancer was 0.15 and the genetic model of lung cancer belonged to polygenetics. The heritability of lung cancer was 24.6%, 14.6% for male and 37.8% for female. It is concluded that genetic factor is one of the risk factors for lung cancer is specially of importance for females, but it is not a main risk factor for lung cancer. Our results are helpful in complaining the high incidence of lung cancer in females in Xuanwei county.

Lung cancer aggregation was analyzed in relatives of the proband compared with those of his/her spouse in 370 nuclear families. Results showed the relatives of the proband had a greater risk of lung cancer compared with those of his/her spouse with an OR of 1.85 (P < 0.01). Even more, female relatives of the proband had much greater risk of lung cancer than those of his/her spouse with and OR of 2.64 (P < 0.01). It suggested relatives of the proband are more vulnerable to lung cancer than those of his/her spouse and genetic factor may contribute to pathogenesis of lung cancer.

The experiences of scalp expansion in the treatment of scarred alopecia in 16 cases with 21 tissue expanders are presented. In 13 cases, the defects were over 90cm2 in area, the largest one extending over half of the total hair-bearing scalp. In all cases, apart from one, the expanding procedures were completed. In one case the procedures were partially completed because of extrusion of the expander. Follow-up of 13 cases for 6-24 months showed good hair growth and appearances and 2 cases had 1.2-1.5 cm of widened scar at the distal edge of the expanded scalp due to undue tension. The advantages, disadvantages and complications are discussed.

The free scapular fascial flap based on the circumflex scapular vessels with skin graft on top has been used to cover the soft-tissue defects in 6 cases--5 hands and 1 foot, over the past one year. The size of the fascial flap ranged from 10 x 6 to 13 x 7 cm. Five flaps were survival completely and one with loss of a small portion due to infection. Compared with the cutaneous flap, myocutaneous flap or muscular flap, the fascial flap is thinner, showing no bulkiness on the recipient site, and also no impairment was noted in the donor site. The shortcoming is darker colour of the skin graft overlying it. The authors consider that the free fascial flap is mainly indicated for the soft-tissue defects of the extremities and those sites where no augmentation is required.