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ObjectiveTo examine changing trend in disease burden of Alzheimer′s disease and other dementias in China for providing suggestions to prevention and treatment of senile dementia. MethodsThe data on the incidence, mortality, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability adjusted life years (DALY) of Alzheimer′s disease and other dementias in Chinese population aged 55 years and above during 1990 – 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The effects of age, period and cohort on the disease burden due to senile dementia were assessed with an age-period-cohort (APC) model. The incidence rate of senile dementia in next 30 years in China were also predicted based on the estimated changing trend in senile dementia morbidity and population profile. ResultsThe analyses revealed following changing trends for senile dementia during the 30-year period in China: increasing in standardized incidence rate, standardized YLD rate and standardized DALY rate but decreasing in standardized mortality rate and standardized YLL rate. The results of APC model analysis showed that the risk of senile dementia increased with age and time series but decreased with year of birth during the period. The prediction results showed that the incidence rate of senile dementia would continue to rise in the next 30 years in China according to predictive analysis using Bayesian APC model. The estimated incidence rate of senile dementia in 2049 among Chinese population aged 55 – 94 years is 9.651‰ and the estimated incidence rate is 11.419‰ and 7.302‰ for female and male elderly population. ConclusionThe disease burden of senile dementia increased in China during 1990 – 2019 and the increase in senile dementia risk was dominantly influenced by age effect and period effect. A continuous increase in the incidence rate of the disease, especially among elderly female population, is predicted. The results suggest that targeted health education and specific intervention program should be promoted for the control of the disease in the elderly population.

Fe3O4@PVA microcapsule catalyst with dissolution as trigger condition was synthesized by utilizing nano Fe3O4 catalyst as core material and water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol as shell material. The microcapsule catalyst was loaded in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) membrane to prepare the freshwater/seawater degradable Fe3O4@PVA/PLGA composite films.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size distribution were used to test the morphology of Fe3O4@PVA. The shell thickness of Fe3O4@PVA core-shell particles is 2-3 nm. The structural characteristics, magnetic and mechanical properties of Fe3O4@PVA core-shell particles and Fe3O4@PVA/PLGA composite membrane were determined by FTIR, XPS, TG, VSM and electronic universal material tests. The degradation properties of Fe3O4@PVA/PLGA composite films in freshwater, seawater, air, darkness and low temperature environments were discussed. The results show that the maximum degradation ratio of Fe3O4@PVA/PLGA composite films is 97.79% at 120 days in seawater and 99.75% at 120 days in freshwater. Fe3O4@PVA/PLGA composite films are degraded in the seawater and the mass average molecular weight decreases from 28440 to 1396.

[Aim] To investigate differences in the high temperature tolerance and expression of the heat shock protein gene Hsp64.9 between different geographical populations of Liriomyza trifolii, and investigate the mechanism of temperature adaptation in this species. [Methods] Adults and pupae from the Hainan and Jiangsu populations of L. trifolii were exposed to different high temperatures for different periods. Differences in heat tolerance between these geographical populations were then assessed by comparing adult survival rates and pupal emergence rates. The expression of Hsp64.9 in adults and pupae from each population were also measured and compared. [Results] The survival rate of both the Jiangsu and Hainan populations began to decrease significantly at 42 and 43 °C (Jiangsu population: F6,14=296.459, P<0.001; Hainan population: F6,14=255.810, P<0.001), respectively, but the survival rate of the Hainan population was significantly higher than that of the Jiangsu population (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in survival rate between the two populations following exposure to 39 °C for less than 4 h, or exposure to 42 or 45 °C for less than 1 h (P>0.05). The survival rate of adults from the Hainan population was significantly higher than that of those from the Jiangsu population following longer durations of exposure to high temperatures (P<0.05). The emergence rate of the Hainan population was also significantly higher than that of Jiangsu population after exposure to 42, 44 and 46 °C for 1 h (42 °C: t=-4.234, P=0.013; 44 °C: t=-5.567, P=0.005; 46 °C: t=-4.000, P=0.016), but duration of exposure to high temperature had no significant effect on the emergence rate of pupae from these populations (P>0.05). The expression of Hsp64.9 in adults and pupae from the Hainan population was significantly higher than that of those from the Jiangsu population under all treatment combinations (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The Hainan population of L. trifolii is significantly more tolerant to high temperatures than the Jiangsu population, an adaptation that, at least in part, could be due to greater expression of the Hsp64.9 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To identify the correlation of medical residency evaluations and Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) scores. Methods In 2015, 53 participants for standardized medical residency training at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included. Before entering the program, every participant took a multi-station OSCE. Each month during training, they were given a comprehensive assessment from their supervisors. An annual score was calculated at the end of the first year. The correlation between two abovementioned scores was examined. Results Participants with longer medical education tended to score higher in OSCE. The correlation coefficient between OSCE and annual evaluation score is 0.68(P＜0.01), showing high correlation. In each station, the correlation coefficient between the annual evaluation score and that of computer-based examination, history taking, medical record writing was greater than 0.4. Conclusions OSCE before entering training may predict performance during the residency training thus can be used as an important indicator for residents' stratification and multilevel training.

Objective To assess the accuracy and reliability of the two 3D measuring methods, structured-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry in forensic body surface damage and scar measurement. Methods The measuring results of 86 injuries by the ruler method, structured-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry were compared and evaluated. The area measuring results of 13 simulated scars by the structured-light scanning, single-camera photogrammetry, Photoshop lasso pixel method and PDF reading software were compared and evaluated. The time consumed was recorded. The known specification information of the stickers was used as the standard value to compare the measuring accuracy of the ruler method, structural-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry, and to calculate the root mean square error （RMSE）. The consistency evaluation of intraclass correlation coefficient （ICC） for the repeatability of 3 measuring results obtained by different operators and the same operator. Results The differences in results of the two 3D measuring methods and the ruler method had no statistical significance; the differences between measuring results made by the structured-light scanning, single-camera photogrammetry and PDF reading software and that of the Photoshop lasso pixel method had no statistical significance. The post-processing of the single-camera photogrammetry consumed more time than that of other methods. When the long-distance group （10-40 cm） was measured, the results obtained by the ruler method were shorter than the standard value. The RMSE value results were structured-light scanning < single-camera photogrammetry < ruler method. The ICC value intragroup and intergroup were greater than 0.99. Conclusion Both structured-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry can be applied in recording and measuring forensic body surface damage. The former has better performance in measurement accuracy and stability, while the latter has better color performance but longer post-processing time.

Aiming at the serious impact of the typical network attacks caused by the limited energy and the poor deployment environment of wireless sensor network (WSN) on data transmission,a trust sensing based secure routing mechanism (TSSRM) with the lightweight characteristics and the ability to resist many common attacks simultaneously was proposed.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of network attack,the trust degree calculation model was constructed by combining node’s behavior with energy,at the same time the security route selection algorithm was also optimized by taking trust degree and QoS metrics into account.Performance analysis and simulation results show that TSSRM can improve the security and effectiveness of WSN.

The experiment aimed to establish a method for quantitatively measuring the concentration of bacterial endotoxins in cat food using the dynamic turbidity method. Bacterial endotoxins in cat food samples were extracted with water, centrifuged, filtered, and the filtrate was appropriately diluted. Quantitative determination was carried out using the dynamic turbidity method on a bacterial endotoxin measuring instrument. The results showed good linearity of bacterial endotoxin within the range of 0.040 to 5.000 EU/mL (correlation coefficient r=-0.995 3, >0.980). The standard curve was effective, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of repeated measurements ranged from 8.9% to 14.0% ( n=6). The recovery rates of interference tests were between 50% and 200% when the dilution factor was ≥1 000. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was determined as 0.04 EU/mg. The study indicates that the method is simple, reliable, accurate, and exhibits good reproducibility, making it effective for detecting bacterial endotoxin content in cat food samples, with promising application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equus Linnaeus animals, as large non-ruminant herbivores, harbor a diverse array of microorganisms in their gastrointestinal tract, and the microbial composition varies across different segments of the gut. These microorganisms play a crucial role in the efficient utilization of feed, especially for nutrients that cannot be readily degraded by endogenous enzymes or are minimally susceptible to endogenous enzymatic breakdown. The intestinal microbiota of Equus Linnaeus animals interacts with the host, participating in energy metabolism and immune regulation. External factors (such as diet composition and environmental conditions) and internal factors (including age, gender, and genetic background) can disrupt the balance of intestinal microorganisms, leading to digestive system disorders such as diarrhea, colic, and colitis. The article provides an overview of core microbial communities in the Equus Linnaeus animals intestinal tract, community structures in different gut segments, factors influencing gut microbiota, and the relationship between gut microbiota and overall health. The aim is to serve as a reference for research related to the intestinal microbiota of Equus Linnaeus animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To investigate the effect of gene interfering with immune regulatory protein B7-H3 on malignant proliferation and stemness characteristics of bladder cancer J82 cells. Methods·Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect shRNA interference efficiency. The proliferation of J82 cells was detected by clone formation assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Cell invasion was detected using Transwell asssay. The tumor-cloning ability was observed using tumor sphere formation experiment. Apoptosis, invasion, and expression and stemness-related proteins were detected byWestern blotting. Results·B7-H3 is highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and bladder cancer cell lines (P= 0.000). shRNA2 was identified as the most efficient interference with B7-H3 gene in three shRNAs (P=0.000). The interference of B7-H3 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, tumor cloning ability and stem cell-like characteristics of J82 cells (P=0.000). Furthermore, B7-H3 interference promoted the apoptosis of J82 cells (P=0.000). Conclusion·The gene interference of immunoregulatory protein B7-H3 can inhibit the malignant proliferation, invasion and stemness characteristics of bladder cancer J82 cells, providing a new possibility and effective evidence for the treatment of bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From two aspects of endogenous and exogenous factors, this paper analyses the original crisis for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) under the delay background of the Tokyo Olympics in 2020, and evaluates and explores using four stage theory of crisis spread and 5s principles of crisis public relations coping course for IOC to solve this crisis. It holds that during the period of sprout, outburst and contagion with crisis, the IOC can use effectively some strategies of crisis public relations including asking for the authority, quickly responding, sincerely communicating, apparently opening, actively assuming and systematically operating, and simultaneously points out that four key points, namely grasping the guidance of public opinion and releasing authoritative information in time, seeking media cooperation to congealing the collective memory of the Olympics, balancing the interests of all subjects in the Olympic system, exploiting the all-media dialogue channels with the IOC, can supply reference strategy for IOC being still stuck in the dilemma and crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is one of the areas with the highest degree of openness and the most active economic innovation in China. In this paper, a multi-index evaluation system for the industry-city integration of urban agglomeration is constructed, and principal component analysis and entropy method are used to measure and evaluate the urban agglomeration of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The results show that the integration level of industry and city in the urban agglomerations of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is relatively high in the whole. Guangzhou and Shenzhen always occupy the top places, but the development of each city is not balanced. There is a positive correlation between the level of urban-rural integration and Real GDP per capita and disposable personal income(DPI), which is the key factor affecting city-industry integration in this region. The policies and major infrastructure of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have a great impact on the integration of industry and city regionally. Based on this, this paper proposes the corresponding coordinated development strategies from the aspects of infrastructure construction, industrial structure, talent attraction and core city building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-rigid registration is one of the most important research areas for various medical image analysis tasks and applications. This paper proposed a novel non-rigid image registration algorithm based on the traditional local afine transformation model. In order to protect the image local detaiis and edges, it used an adaptive nonlinear regularization term which took into account the regional statistical intensity information and the magnitude characteristic of the Chebyshev low pass filter. In the framework of the multi-resolution layered refining and coarse-to-fine warping strategy, the proposed algorithm achieved good performance in the registration of mono-modality medical images with relative larger deformations and the fine registration of multi-modality images with intensity variations which couldn't be processed by traditional algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective for non-rigid medical image registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leakage current mechanism of poly(methyl-methacrylate) and poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) double layer structure insulator film, which was fabricated by spin-coat process on silicon and provided a capacitance approaching 32 nF/cm2 , was investigated in the paper. The experiment result shows that there are two turning points on the leakage current-voltage curve. The result implies that the film leakage mechanism is different under different electric field intensity. Fitting analysis of the experiment results shows that leakage current of the insulating film is mainly caused by Poole-Frenkel effect in voltage range of 0 ~ 1 V, and in voltage range of 1 ~ 25 V, it was affected by Schottky emission. The leakage current is mainly controlled by space charge limit current in voltage range of 25 ~ 40 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the realization of the dynamic integration and real-time query of sales service parts inventory information of garages and secondary center stores for collaborative platform of automobile industrial chains, this paper established information dynamic integration model of parts inventory for collaborative platform, and advanced the information dynamic integration algorithm driven by query event and cooperative relations. It studied on the parallel query optimization in distributed data source, conversion of multisource heterogeneous data processing, and the database synchronization technique based on API change capture, realized the Web encapsulation and dynamic call of real-time parts inventory information of garages and secondary center stores. It validated the proposed model and algorithm in collaborative platform of automobile industrial chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To receive multiple coherent signals effectively, a robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on the beam main lobe magnitude constrained is proposed in this paper. Fully utilizing the direction of arrival (DOA) information of multiple coherent signals, the proposed method optimizes the receiving data covariance matrix estimator and constrains the beam main lobe magnitude of multiple coherent signals. Then the optimization problem of multiple coherent signals reception is described as an iterative Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP) problem by the first order Taylor expansion. Thereby obtain the optimal beamforming weight vector. The novel approach can not only receive multiple coherent signals and suppress the interference signals and noises effectively, but also overcome the large steering vector mismatch and control the width and the ripple level of the beam main lobe flexibly in the robust response region. Simulations verify the correctness and validity of the novel approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About the problem of essential characteristics, formal definition, new direction and research key of CAPTCHA, through a lots of analysis of the known CAPTCHA, this paper discussed the essential characterize and formal definition of CAPTCHA. It proposed the 20 varieties of CAPTCHA by three dimensions of information classification (5 varieties), recognized method classification (2 varieties), and interaction type classification (2 varieties), and gave technical characteristics analysis, attach and strategy research, keys and directions of the 20 varieties. Then it discussed the dynamic CAPTCHA and implicit CAPTCHA (including semantic CAPTCHA), specially proposed about the general CAPTCHA attach, some new idea and new method of CAPTCHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on turbine alternator as a velocity sensor to discriminate trajectory, a new feasible trajectory discrimination method was put forward. Output frequency characteristics of turbine alternators and variable function of trajectory velocity were analyzed, considering various state of turbine alternator rotation. systematic scheme of trajectory discrimination was set up by use of turbine alternator outputs, and realization process of trajectory discrimination was depicted detailed. Moreover, establishment process of basic functions for trajectory discrimination was discussed by instance simulation. The simulation result indicates that calculation workload and error of trajectory discrimination are small and acceptable, therefore, with the addition of turbine alternator application on fuzes, the new trajectory discrimination method is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous control system is designed for use on rocket launched unmanned aerial vehicles (RLUAV), Hierarchical architecture, planning and intelligent controller are first studied. Flow charts of modular programming for the autonomous flight tracking system and its specific implementation algorithm are then presented. Simulation results under Matlab/Simulink are finally given, from which the feasibility of autonomous flight control under hierarchical architecture were verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creation on historical events towards the new context of "globalization" has not only flourished in novel, drama, film and television, but also provided a new opportunity for reflecting national history and opening dialogues on globalization. At the forum on historical events held in this background, a breakthrough was made in the wide-ranging discussion, from the viewpoint of history, of historical reality and artistic reality coupled with the phenomena of reversing "historical cases" and such propositions as the conception of historical theme, modeled reality and invented reality. While affirming the prosperous achievements in film and TV production, the experts put forward the new principle underlying the moral bottom line in terms of the vulgarization in the said production. At the same time, the writers' standpoints of narration and their artistic imagination were emphasized, and the possibility to begin historical narration from the perspective of narratology was explored. As theoretical criticism was far behind artistic creation, the experts appealed for new criticism and its practice, with both writers and critics expecting criticism from multiple points of view. All the discussions have shown that globalization not only exists as a kind of background to artistic production, but makes an impact on the artistic practice of creating historical works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the effects of ligustrazine hydrochloride(LH)-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(SM) before and after compatibility on the pharmacokinetics of acute myocardial ischemia(AMI) rats and revealed the mechanism of pharmacokinetic changes from the perspective of metabolic enzymes. AMI rats underwent single injection of SM Glucose Injection, LH Glucose Injection, and LH-SM Glucose Injection in the caudal vein, respectively(3.78 mg·kg~(-1) salvianic acid, 0.049 mg·kg~(-1) rosmarinic acid, and 13.68 mg·kg~(-1) ligustrazine). Blood samples were collected from the orbital venous plexus at different time points, and the liver of the rats was removed after the last blood sampling. The plasma concentrations of salvianic acid, rosmarinic acid, and ligustrazine were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of CYP1 A2, CYP2 C11, CYP2 C19, CYP2 D4, CYP2 E1, and CYP3 A2 in the liver of rats in each group. As revealed by the pharmacokinetic results, compared with the LH Glucose Injection group, the LH-SM Glucose Injection group showed a downward trend of T&#95;(1/2) of ligustrazine in AMI rats and decreased AUC(P&lt;0.05). Compared with the SM Glucose Injection, there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of salvianic acid and rosmarinic acid in the LH-SM Glucose Injection group. Protein expression results showed that the expression levels of CYP1 A2, CYP2 C11, CYP2 D4, CYP2 E1, and CYP3 A2 in the LH-SM Glucose Injection group increased(P&lt;0.05) and the expression level of CYP2 C19 decreased(P&lt;0.05) compared with those in the LH Glucose Injection group. CYP1 A2, CYP2 C11, and CYP3 A2 are isoenzymes involved in ligustrazine Ⅰ metabolism. When LH and SM were used in combination, the expression of these three enzymes increased, which changed the pharmacokinetic process in rats and accelerated the metabolism of ligustrazine.

The study investigated the difference of intestinal absorption characteristics of root tuber of Cynanchum auriculatum extract between normal and functional dyspepsia(FD) model rats with everted intestine sac model.The content of syringic acid, scopoletin, caudatin, baishouwu benzophenone, qingyangshengenin and deacyhmetaplexigenin in the C.auriculatum extract in different intestinal segments was detected by UPLC-MS/MS.The cumulative absorption amount(Q) and absorption rate constant(K&#95;a) of the six chemical constituents were calculated.The results showed that the six components could be absorbed into the intestinal sac and were unsaturated, which indicated that the absorption mechanism of scopoletin was active transport in the intestine, while that of the other five components were passive diffusion.For normal group, the syringic acid and baishouwu benzophenone in ileum, qingyangshengenin and deacyhmetaplexigenin in ileum and duodenum, and caudatin in colon were well absorbed and scopoletin at low, medium and high concentrations was found excellent absorption in jejunum, ileum, and colon, respectively.Whereas the best absorption site of each component was ileum in model group.The absorption characteristics of each component between normal group and model group were complex at different concentrations, showing inconsistent tendency of absorption, which suggested that the components of root tuber of C.auriculatum extract were selectively absorbed in small intestine, and the absorption characteristics of the six components could be changed under FD status.This study provided theoretical basis for the clinical drug application and development of root tuber of C.auriculatum.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli"(ST36)-"Sanyinjiao"(SP6) on glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) in obese diabetic rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of obesity diabetes., Methods: SPF male rats were randomly divided into normal control, model, meridian-acupoint EA (acupoint), non-meridian non-acupoint EA (non-acupoint), and medication (metformin) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The diabetes model was established by feeding the rats with high-fat diet for 8 weeks. EA (1.5 mA, 10 Hz/100 Hz) was applied to unilateral ST36 and SP6 for 20 min, once daily (except Sundays) for 4 weeks. Rats of the medication group were treated by gavage of metformin (300 mg/kg) once daily for 4 weeks (except Sundays). The body weight and length were measured and the Lee's index was calculated. The contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the plasma were detected by using a full-automatic biochemical analyzer. The content of fasting serum insulin (FINS) was assayed by using radioimmunoassay, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured, and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by using xanthine oxidase method, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) by color method, serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity by indirect method, reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) direct method, and the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitive index (ISI) were calculated. The expression levels of pancreatic tissue P66shc mRNA and PKCβ mRNA were detected by using RT-PCR, and the histopathological changes of the liver and adipose tissues were observed after H.E. staining., Results: Compared with the normal control group, the Lee's index, levels of FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA, ROS, and P66shc mRNA and PKCβ mRNA expressions were significantly increased ( P <0.05， P <0.01), and ISI, HDL-C, SOD, GSH-Px significantly decreased ( P <0.05, P <0.01) in the model group. After the interventions, the levels of Lee's index,levels of FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA, ROS, and expressions of P66shc mRNA and PKCβ mRNA were remarkably down-regulated ( P <0.05, P <0.01), and those of ISI, HDL-C, SOD, and GSH-Px up-regulated ( P <0.05, P <0.01) in both EA and medication groups. H.E. staining showed many white adipocytes in the adipose tissue, radial and cord-like arrangement of liver cells, and many of them with vacuoles in the cytoplasm of small vesicular lipid droplets in the model group; and relative reduction of white adipocytes in number, smaller in cell body, and no obvious abnormal changes of structure and arrangement of liver cells in the EA and medication groups., Conclusion: EA of ST36 and SP6 can improve glucose and lipid metabolism and IR in obese diabetic rats, which may be related to its function in suppressing PKCβ/P66shc signaling and oxidative stress.

Research on the characteristics of environmental background values of soil can provide a scientific basis for setting regional standards for soils. To determine the characteristics of environmental background values and main influencing factors of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, V, Cd, and Hg) in soils in Shenzhen, 500 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected by decision unit multi increment sampling (DUMS) from 500 soil background sites in the whole city, including 405 latosolic red soil, 77 red soil, and 18 yellow soil samples. The results show that the concentrations of heavy metals in red soil are relatively low in general, and those of Cr, Ni, Co, and V in latosolic red soil and Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, and Cd in yellow soil are higher. Compared with the environmental background values of soil in the Seventh Five-year Plan of China in 1980s, the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, and V in latosolic red soil, red soil, and yellow soil are lower, the concentrations of Cd and Hg are similar, and the concentration of Pb is higher. The spatial distribution patterns of the nine heavy metals are significantly different. Pb, Zn, and Co present an obvious zonal distribution pattern, while Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Cd, and Hg present a point-like distribution pattern. Moreover, the correlation analysis between heavy metal content and physicochemical properties of different soils showed that the correlation between heavy metal content and physicochemical properties of latosolic red soil was the most significant. Stepwise regression analysis was used to elucidate the relationship between heavy metal content in latosolic red soil, and physicochemical properties were quantified. The physicochemical properties affecting heavy metal content in latosolic red soil were found to be mechanical composition, pH, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the identification of clinical oral Candida isolates., Methods: In the first experiment, 170 suspected oral candidiasis patients were included. Unstimulated saliva was collected and cultured on solid plate (Sabouraud's agar) for 48 hours. Clinical isolates were analyzed by both PCR, which was used as golden standard, and MALDI-TOF MS. The diagnostic accuracy of MALDI-TOF MS for both C.albicans and non-C.albicans were investigated. In the second experiment, we tried to identify Candida isolates directly from positive liquid culture in a new cohort of 42 patients. MALDI-TOF MS identification of candida isolates were performed on positive liquid medium cultures directly. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software package., Results: Totally, 230 clinical Candida isolates were isolated from 212 oral candidiasis patients enrolled. Out of the 230 analyzed clinical isolates, C. albicans (65.65%, 151/230) was the most frequently isolated species, followed by C. glabrata (11.74%, 27/230), and other candida species. The sensitivity and specificity of MALDI-TOF in identification of C. albicans were 93.33% and 92.73% respectively, and those for non-C. albicans were 83.64% and 89.2% respectively. Oral rinse followed by culturing in Sabouraud's liquid medium for 24 hours yield the diagnostic accuracy of 78.42% in MALDI-TOF MS identification., Conclusions: C. albicans is the most frequent Candida spp. in oral candidiasis. MALDI-TOF MS is an effective and rapid method for identification of Candida spp. The on-plate based method generate much higher diagnostic accuracy than liquid culture based one.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the stress distribution of the mandibular first molar with different thicknesses and heights of the axial wall restored by the endocrown with two marginal designs and thus provide a theoretical basis for selecting clinical preparation through the finite-element method., Methods: Two marginal endocrowns of the mandibular first molar with different axial-wall thicknesses (t=1, 2, 3 mm) and heights (h=2, 3, 4 mm) were established. Group A was the butt-joint design, whereas group B was the shoulder-surrounded design. After applying vertical and oblique loads , the size and distribution of the maximum principal stress and equivalent stress of residual tooth tissue were recorded., Results: The maximum principal stress and equivalent stress distribution of residual tooth tissue were similar among different models. Group A showed a lower maximum principal stress and equivalent stress than group B at the same thickness and height under vertical load. Meanwhile, under oblique load, the maximum principal stress values of groups A and B decreased with increased thickness at constant height. Group A showed lower equivalent stress than group B at the same thickness and height of 2 and 
3 mm. However, when the height was 4 mm, the trend was reversed., Conclusions: In mastication, when bearing the vertical force, the retention of the butt-joint marginal endocrown preferred to the shoulder-surrounded one. Given the higher axial wall of the shoulder-surrounded marginal endocrown, it showed better ability to bear the oblique force than the butt-joint one.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of cytogenetic features, clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome., Methods: The clinical characteristics and prognosis of 236 patients with MDS admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2013 to September 2017 were analyzed retrospectively, the follow-up observation and correlation analysis were performed., Results: There were 33 cases of refractory cytopenia with unilateral dysplasia (RCUD), 8 cases of refractory anemia with ring-shaped iron granulocytes (RARS), 70 cases of refractory cytopenia with multiple dysplasia (RCMD), 23 cases of refractory anemia (RA), 46 cases of refractory anemia with excessive blasts (RAEB-1), 48 cases of (RAEB-2), MDS-U 2 cases, simple del(5q) 6 cases. The detection analysis showed that the chromosome abnormality rate and complex chromosome abnormality rate in RAEB group (RAEB-1 + RAEB-2) and in non-RAEB group (RARS+RCMD+RCUD+RA) were 48.94% vs 43.94%, and 18.09% vs 12.69%, respectively, which were no statistically different. The grouping according to IPSS-R and IPSS showed that the chromosome abnormality rate gradually increased along with enhancement of risk stratifi-cation (P<0.05). The cytogenetic characteristics analysis showed that a total of 108 cases had chromosomal abnormalities, the detection rate was 45.76%, Out of 108 cases, 36 cases had complicated karyotypes, accounted for 15.25% of all patients. The types of chromosomal abnormalities mainly include numbers, structural abnormalities and mixed abnormalities. The chromosome abnormality with the highest detection rate was +8, accounted for 30.56% (33/100) of patients with chromosome abnormalities; followed by -7/7q-, del(5q), del(20q), etc. -7/7q-chromosome abnormalities accounted for 29.63% of all karyotypic abnormalities (including -7/7q-chromosome abnormalities alone and other chromosome abnormalities). The median age of the patients with MDS was 61 (13-88) years old, and the male-female ratio was 1.36∶1. Analysis of blood cell characteristics showed that the three lines were reduced or increased to varying degrees. The median WBC count was 2.8 (0.3-267.1)×10 9 /L, the median Hb level was 69 (20-156) g/L, and the median Plt count was 55 (2-1733)×10 9 /L. The 1 year OS rate in 32 cases of chromosome 7 abnormality and 128 cases of normal chromosome was 25% and 44.53%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 =4.05, P<0.05) ., Conclusion: Chromosome karyotype is an independent factor affecting the prognosis of patients with MDS. It is important for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evalnation of patients with MDS. The overall prognosis of patients with abnormal chromosome 7 is poor. .

Objective: To screen the genes with significant changes in DNA methylation level in active tuberculosis patients, we used the methylation chips and expanded the sample size to verify candidate genes., Methods: ① This study enrolled 9 cases of active tuberculosis patients, 3 cases of latent tuberculosis patients and 3 cases of healthy controls whose age and gender were all matched. Genome DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cell in blood samples collected from these candidates, and bisulfite conversion treatment was then conducted. After hybridization with the Illumina HD 450K Infinium Mehtylation BeadChip, the results were compared between patients group and control group, and GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to evaluate the function of differentially expressed genes. ② We further enrolled 60 cases of active tuberculosis patients and 60 cases of health controls (age-and gender-matched), DNA was extracted from their peripheral blood and also followed bisulfite conversion treatment. Pyrosequencing method was used to detect the methylation levels of candidate genes (IFNGR2, PTPN6, CRK1, ATP6V0B, WIF1, DKK1 and SFRP1) screened by gene chip., Results: Compared with healthy controls, the fragments in the patients that showed low methylation change accounted for the vast majority. Most of the methylation differential fragments (DMRs) were located in the main body region, followed by the upstream region of transcription initiation site, and the lowest DMRs distribution area was 3´UTR area. GO and Pathway analysis showed that the functions of the differentially methylated regions related genes are mainly enriched in the biological processes of the regulation of leukocyte differentiation, apoptosis, cytokine regulation and inflammatory response which are closely related to tuberculosis. There were 32 CpG sites involved in the verified 7 tuberculosis related genes, and 16 CpG locus showed significant difference ( P <0.05), they were distributed in 6 genes: PTPN6, WIF1, CRK1, SFRP1, DKK1 and IFNGR2. Of these genes with significant difference, PTPN6 genes showed hypermethylation status and WIF1, CRK1, SFRP1, DKK1 and IFNGR2 genes exhibited demethylation status in the patients group compared to the health controls. SFRP1 and CRK-1 mRNA up-regulated in the patients group compared with health controls., Conclusion: In the course of MTB infection, the methylation status of genomic DNA is altered, and most of the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are showed status of demethylation. The expressions of SFRP1 and CRK-1 gene up-regulate in tuberculosis infection., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Eleven flavonoids were isolated from the twigs of Broussonetia papyrifera by column chromatography over silica gel,ODS,MCI gel,and Sephadex LH-20,as well as RP-HPLC.Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods including NMR,MS,UV,and IR as broupapyrin A(1),5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-8-geranylflavone(2),8-prenylquercetin-3-methyl ether(3),broussonol D(4),broussoflavonol B(5),uralenol(6),broussonol E(7),8-(1,1-dimethylallyl)-5'-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflanvonol(8),broussoflavonol E(9),4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone(10),and butein(11).Compound 1 is a new isoprenylated flavonol.Compounds 3,6,10,and 11 were obtained from the genus Broussonetia for the first time,and 4 and 7 were firstly discovered in B.papyrifera.Compounds 1-5 and 7-9 showed significant inhibitory effects on PTP1 B with IC50 values ranging from(0.83±0.30) to(4.66±0.83) μmol·L-1.

Objective: To screen and identify the gene of DNA methylation in patients with active tuberculosis., Methods: ① This study enrolled 9 cases of active tuberculosis patients (including 3 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients and 6 cases of retreatment of active tuberculosis patients), 3 cases of latent tuberculosis patients and 3 cases of healthy controls. Genome DNA was extracted from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell and following bisulfite conversion treatment. After hybridization with the Illumina HD 450K Infinium Mehtylation BeadChip, the results were compared between patients group and control group, GO and Pathway analysis were performed to evaluate the function of differentially expressed genes; ② We further enrolled 60 cases of active tuberculosis patients and 60 cases of health controls (their age and gender were matched). By using pyrosequencing method to detect the methylation levels of candidate genes (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4) screened by gene chip., Results: ① Compared with healthy controls, we found that most of them were showed demethylation status. GO and Pathway analysis showed that the functions of the differentially methylated regions related genes were mainly enriched in the biological processes of the regulation of leukocyte apoptosis, cytokine regulation and inflammatory response which were closely related to tuberculosis. ②There were 10 CpG sites involved in the verified tuberculosis related genes (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4) , the CpG sites of TLR1 gene showed the hypermethylation status ( P <0.001), the CpG sites of TLR4 gene showed demethylation status ( P =0.012)., Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that in the course of MTB infection, the methylation status of genomic DNA was altered, and most of the Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) were showed status of demethylation. TLR1 gene and TLR4 gene may play an important role in the occurrence and development of tuberculosis., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Objective: To explore the hemodynamic changes in cynomolgus monkeys with mild carotid atherosclerotic (CAS) plaques after therapy with pushing manipulation on Qiaogong acupoint (MPQ)., Methods: Nine cynomolgus monkeys were equally randomized into MPQ group, mild CAS model group and blank control group. Mild CAS models were established in the monkeys in MPQ and model groups, and the monkeys in MPQ group received treatment with MPQ intervention after the modeling. The conditions of the carotid artery and the hemodynamic changes in the 3 groups were evaluated after the treatment., Results: Formation of CAS plaques was detected in monkeys in both MPQ and model groups. The vascular cross?sectional area, plaque cross?sectional area and stenosis rate of the plaques in the two groups all differed significantly from those in the blank control group (P<0.05), but these parameters were similar between MPQ group and the model group (P>0.05). Compared with those in the blank control group, the hemodynamic parameters showed significant changes in MPQ and the model groups (P<0.05) but remained similar between the latter two groups (P>0.05)., Conclusion: CAS plaques can cause changes in hemodynamic parameters. Short?term therapy with MPQ does not affect the stability of the plaques or cause adverse effects on hemodynamics in cynomolgus monkeys with mild CAS plaques.

Objectives: To determine the correlation between gene polymorphisms in Wnt signal pathway and susceptibility of Chinese Tibetan people to tuberculosis., Methods: A total of 488 active tuberculosis patients and 454 healthy subjects(control) were enrolled in this case-control study.Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Wnt signal pathway (rs4135385 in CTNNB1 gene,rs11001553 in DKK1 gene,rs56900803 in WIF1 gene,rs7832767 in SFRP1 gene and rs11079571 in AXIN2 gene) were genotyped using MassARRAY method.The genotype and allele distributions of these loci were determined using SPSS19.0 and SNP stats software.Significant SNPs were measured in the co-dominant,dominant and recessive genetic models.The polymorphism distributions of Chinese Tibetans were compared with those of Chinese Han populations., Results: The genotype distributions of all SNPs coincided with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the 2 groups.The frequencies of genotype and allele of rs7832767 in SFRP1 gene were significantly different ( P =0.004,0.002,respectively) between the Tibetan patients with tuberculosis and the Tibetan healthy controls.Compared with C allele carriers,those carrying T allele of rs7832767 showed increased risk of tuberculosis [odds ratio ( OR )=1.260,95% confidence interval ( CI ):1.086-1.471, P =0.002].The co-dominant,dominant and recessive models of this locus were also associated with higher risk of tuberculosis.No significant differences in genotype and allele distributions were observed for the other four SNP loci ( P all>0.05).The distribution of rs4135385 in CTNNB1 gene in the Chinese Tibetan population differed from the Han population ( P =0.035 for genotype,0.021 for allele).There were no obvious differences in genotype and allele distributions for the other four SNPs between the Tibetan and Han populations ( P all >0.05)., Conclusions: SFRP1 gene polymorphism in Wnt signal pathway is associated with tuberculosis susceptibility in Chinese Tibetan population.The distribution of CTNNB1 gene polymorphism differs between Chinese Tibetan and Han populations.

A total of 243 surface soil samples collected from 11 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region were analyzed for the concentrations, spatial distribution, component profiles and emission sources of 29 PAH species. The analytical results indicated the total concentrations of PAHs in Yangtze River Delta fell in the range from 21. 0 ng x g(-1) to 3 578.5 ng x g(-1) with an arithmetic mean and standard deviation of 310.6 ng x g(-1) and 459.1 ng x g(-1), respectively. Our data showed spatial distribution of PAHs concentrations varied greatly in the region. In addition, the contents of PAHs were positively correlated with the total organic carbon fractions in topsoil. The sites with the highest levels of PAHs in the 11 cities studied were located in Suzhou with 759.0 ng x g(-1) +/- 132.9 ng x g(-1) ollowed by the areas of Wuxi and Shanghai, with the total PAHs concentrations of 565. 3 ng x g(-1) +/- 705.5 ng x g(-1) and 349.4 ng g(-1) 220. 1 ng-g(-1) respectively. The profiles of different components pointed to a predominant role of the species with 2-4 rings, and especially for the low molecular weight components with 2-3 rings. A preliminary identification on emission sources of local PAHs was performed by the specific ratios of isomeric species and principal component analysis (PCA). The results designated industrial coal and biomass combustion as the main mixed emission sources of PAHs in surface soils from Yangtze River Delta, and tail gas from transport as another major source in some areas.

Objective: To study the effect of ultrafiltration-membrane extracts of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata (UMERRP) on theproliferation and genetic stability of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2)., Methods: Protective effects on the proliferation, micronuclear rates, chromosome aberration rates, and apoptosis rates were observed by micronuclei test, karyotype analysis, and flow cytometry., Results: Compared with the CdCl2 group, UMERRP with different molecular weights at 0. 8 g/L could obviously promote the proliferation (P <0. 05). Compared with the control group, micronuclear rates, chromosome aberration rates, and apoptosis rates were obviously enhanced in the CdCl2 group (P <0. 05). Compared with the CdCl2 group, UMERRP with different molecular weights could obviously decreased CdCl2 induced micronuclear rates, chromosome aberration rates, and apoptosis rates (P <0. 05). Of them, BMSC micronuclear rates and chromosome aberration rates decreased most obvious in UMERRP groups with molecular weight below 10 000 (P <0. 05). The apoptosis rate decreased most obviously in UMERRP groups with molecular weight ranging 100 000 and 200 000 (P <0. 05)., Conclusion: UMERRP could reduce CdCl2 induced micronuclear rates, chromosome aberration rates, and apoptosis rates.

Borneol is a traditional Chinese medicine. In the past few years, many studies showed that borneol can improve the bioavailability of other drugs, promoting drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, so the potential drug interactions between borneol and other medicines have attracted great attention, but the influence of borneol to CYP450 and its isoforms are rarely reported. In this research, male Wistar rats were orally administered by borneol for 7 days, then the mRNA and protein expression and the activities of CYP2D were detected, we also compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of CYP2D's specific substrate between control group and borneol group. The results show that borneol (33, 100 and 300 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) have no significant effect on CYP2D, while the activites of CYP2D increased 1.71, 1.97 and 2.89 times comparing to the control group. At the same time, borneol (300 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) caused the C(max) decreased 10.6% (P > 0.05), AUC(0-∞) decreased 27.5% (P < 0.01), CL/F increased 41.1% (P < 0.01), V(z)/F increased 23.1% (P > 0.05) of dextromethorphan. Our data provided that borneol speed up dextromethorphan's elimination in vivo. Since the activity of CYP2D can be induced by borneol, the metabolic interactions might happen when borneol and the substrate drug CYP2D are used together.

Structure optimization and frequency calculations of 209 kinds of PBDEs homologues were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level based on density functional theory, the known experimental parameters of 4 PBDEs congeners were compared with the calculated values, and the average analog coefficient was 0. 989. The main vibration of DE and BDE-209 which contained only H atoms or Br substituent in the benzene ring was assigned due to their less interference for various infrared spectrum vibrations. C-Br bond vibration which was often coupled with other forms of vibration was not easy to distinguish between PBDEs congeners. With the characteristics of universality, strong vibration and identifiable, triangular breathing vibration of the benzene rings in the infrared spectrum was selected as a characteristic vibration among different PBDEs homologues, the analysis results showed that the ortho-substituted and para-substituted Br could significantly improve the vibration frequency of triangular breathing vibration, while the meta-substituted Br played the opposite role; For the low bromide, the more the substituents in ortho position, the higher the frequency, while for the high bromide homologues, simultaneous existence in ortho-position and para-position would have a higher frequency; With the same substituted location, the more the substituent in the same benzene ring, the higher the vibration frequency. SVM regression model was used to verify the relative relationship between Br substituent and triangle breathing vibration frequency of the benzene rings, and the simulation efficiency coefficient of model was 0. 956. The study provided a theoretical basis and guidance for actually testing and identifying PBDEs homologues in the environment.

Objective: To validate the American College of Rheumatology Classification (ACR) Criteria (2012) for the diagnosis of primary Sjogren's syndrome in Chinese patients., Methods: All patients involved in this study came from the Department of Oral Medicine Peking University Stomatology Hospital. They were devided into two groups of pSS and non-pSS according to the diagnoses made by two experts. Both groups of the patients had completed medical records kept in the hospital., Results: A total of 239 pSS patients (160 with labial salivary gland biopsy, and 79 without biopsy) and 52 age-matched non-pSS patients [(55.17±14.295),and (55.90±13.38) years old, P>0.05] (9 with biopsy, and 43 without biopsy) were involved in this study. The sensitivity and specificity of ACR criteria in diagnosing pSS were 90.37 % and 88.46 % respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 7.83 and 0.109, respectively. The sensitivities of ACR criteria in diagnosing pSS patients with and without labial biopsy were 88.75% and 93.67 %, respectively, with specificities of 88.89% and 88.37%, respectively. The most sensitive item adopted in ACR criteria was the ocular staining score with a sensitivity of 85.77%, and the most specific item was the labial salivary gland biopsy, with a specificity of 88.89%., Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of ACR criteria in diagnosing Chinese pSS patients were relatively high, and may serve as the diagnosis criteria in research and clinical practice. However, the ACR criteria need to be validated and further revised in the future .