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Copyright of Publishing Journal is the property of Wuhan University, School of Information Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese as a Second Language Research is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explore the spread and development of Shenyi outside the region, we explored the influence of Chinese clothing culture in the East Asian Kulturkreis in terms of the spread cause, spread promotion, production and use of Shenyi in Korea. Based on Transdisciplinarity such as art, history, sociology, ethnology, and combined with domestic and foreign literature and cultural relies, the method of double evidence and material culture research is used to deeply explore the spread and development of Shenyi in Korea. Research has shown that the production of Shenyi in Korea should be based on following the "Shenyi system" in the " Family Rites", which is basically implemented and used in accordance with its system. becoming a carrier for Korean confucianism to shape their image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Taiwan Journal of East Asian Studies is the property of National Taiwan Normal University, College of International Studies & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the past 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea, the exchanges and cooperation between the two countries have achieved positive and remarkable results in various fields. However, in recent years, the military confrontation between the DPRK and the ROK, the deployment of THAAD by the ROK, and the destruction of the public opinion base of the ROK, especially the strategy of the new ROK government towards China, have led to tensions in China - ROK relations and challenges in the long-established "strategic partnership" between the two sides. Facing the complex situation on the Korean Peninsula, China and ROK need to overcome the "cultural dispute" and build a "public opinion foundation". They should also strengthen communication among relevant parties to boost peace and stability on the Peninsula. Besides, an effective response plan should be formulated to eliminate the negative factors affecting China - ROK relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the status of research on the ethical climate of Korean nurses through a scoping review. Methods: The research process was conducted to the five steps of Arksey and O'Malley. The data were searched based on the COre DB recommended by NECA. Studies published up to September 2021 were included. The selected 17 studies were organized using Zotero and Microsoft Excel. Results: The final 17 studies included 14 quantitative studies, one mixed study, one qualitative study, and one systematic literature review. The variables studied along with the ethical climate were empathy, moral sensitivity, moral anguish, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. When the variables were classified into individual, organizational, work, and patient perspectives, the individual perspective variable was the most common. The ethical climate of Korean nurses had an effect on related variables, with positive effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and retention intention, and negative effects on intention-to-leave and moral distress. Conclusion: This study presents the rationale for improving nursing outcomes based on the ethical climate. New leadership and revised business practices in an organization can change the ethical climate; improving it can lead to improvements in variables related to individuals, nursing work, organizations, and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Travel Notes of Korea is a diplomatic travel notes written by Ni Qian in the Ming Dynasty. In it, the author records in detail the specific itinerary of Ni Qian’s team to Korea during the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty, which has important reference value for the study of political and cultural exchanges between China and Korea in the Ming Dynasty. In this paper, based on Travel Notes of Korea, the authors discuss the historical background of Ni Qian’s mission to Korea, his rich and colorful literary exchanges with Korean officials, and his contribution to the cultural exchanges between China and Korea in the Ming Dynasty. Ni Qian’s mission promoted the spread of Chinese culture on the Korean Peninsula, provided an opportunity for all sectors of Korean society to understand China, and created a new pattern of diplomacy between the Ming Dynasty and Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Taiwanese Journal of Political Science is the property of NTU Press & National Taiwan University, Department of Political Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chinese translations of Western learning books are the books about Western European culture compiled and written in Chinese by missionaries and Chinese scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the beginning of the 17th century, the envoys of Korea to Beijing such as Xu Jun and Zheng Douyuan successively brought back the Chinese-translated Western learning books to their home countries, and the books were widely spread on the Korean Peninsula. Its dissemination benefited not only from the reconstruction of the relationship between China and Korea and the moralization policy of the Qing Dynasty, but also from the desire of the Korean monarch and people for Chinese classics. The introduction of Chinese-translated Western learning books has promoted the emergence of Korean Western learning and the creation and dissemination of Catholicism, and promoted the progress of natural science and the transformation of Hua Yi concept. Although the books had shocked the traditional Korean society, they did not shake the old ruling foundation and ruling thought, nor did it push Korea to the modern road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the literature of Goryeo and Joseon fiction, this article aims to study ancient Korean fictive works written in Chinese, and explores the conception of early Goryeo and Joseon fiction from the lens of its reception of Chinese understanding of fiction. With the wide spread of fictive works such as Taiping Guangji and Jiandeng Xinhua on the Korean Peninsula, Goryeo and Joseon scholars began to understand and consciously create fiction. Then, Seo Geojung and Yi Seungso, who inherited the Confucian conception of fiction, put forward the "jesting theory" and "completing history theory". These ideas not only laid the foundation for the development of Joseon fiction theory, but also indicated that fiction had become an important genre in Joseon literary creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cha and Two battle is a decisive campaign in the third war between the Liao and Choson dynasties to which ended with the victory of the latter. It was found that this battle outbreak on the February of the 10th year of Xianzong of the Choson dynasty (1019) other than the December of the 7th year in Kaitai period of the Sheng Emperor of the Liao dynasty (1018) The Cha and Tuo River are presently the Chuanfang River and Daning River pectively in North Pyongan in North Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educational Policy Forum is the property of National Chi Nan University, Department of Education Policy & Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to present the evolution of school physical education ideology for the period of civilization in Korea and to explore the influence of Chinese Enlightenment on the modern school physical education ideology in Korea, the following conclusions are drawn by the historical materials collected through the Korean Central Library: after the Opium War and under the progressive ideology in China, the western physical education ideology was introduced into the Korean peninsula by the chance created by private and christian schools, and intertwined with the demand of the times to save the nation from subjugation in Korea, and finally turned out the "self-strengthening physical education ideology" and "martial physical education ideology" with the purpose of enriching the country and intensifying the army and reviving national strength. These two ideological forces permeated each other and became the ideological source for the development of modern school physical education ideology in Korea. In the evolution course of modern school physical education ideology in Korea, the Chinese Enlightenment mainly represented by Westernization Movement and Constitutional Reformation, had a profound impact on modern school physical education in Korea and became the main force to promote the continuous evolution of modern school physical education ideology in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After the Cold War, ROK’s policy towards DPRK has always been restricted by the geopolitics of the Korean Peninsula as well as the U. S. policy towards DPRK. In 2018, DPRK,U. S. and ROK totally reached consensus on denuclearization,which offered an opportunity for the improvement of the situation of the Korean Peninsula. The Moon Jae-in administration attempted to promote the development of Northeast Asia’s economic cooperation system through its "New Sunshine Policy", so as to establish the geo-economic advantage of the Korean Peninsula and get rid of the security dilemma of the Peninsula that has been affected by geopolitics. Although Moon Jae-in administration’s "New Sunshine Policy"injected new vigor into the situation on the Korean Peninsula and brought opportunity for peaceful development,the existence of the U. S.-ROK alliance system and ROK’s security needs have weakened its policy towards the DPRK under the impact of internal contradictions in the dual system, resulting in the situation that although the current situation on the Peninsula is eased,it is still uncertain to completely solve the security dilemma on the Peninsula. Obviously, the ROK’s strategy towards the DPRK still needs further adjustment, and the solution of the Korean Peninsula issue requires the joint efforts of multiple parties. Maintaining the effective balance of the contradictory momentum of the dual system of its strategy towards the DPRK will be the key for the ROK to push the Korean Peninsula out of the security dilemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chung Cheng Educational Studies is the property of Chung Cheng University, College of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With macrascopical view, historical sight, realistic attitude and meticulous scholarship, Dr. Sun Xiquo systematically introduces the content and historical value of Collation and Study on Xuanhe Fengshi Gaoli Tu -1992). He clarifies and corrects some misunderstanding and doubt on the author' life, writing background, his envoy's service time and process as well as the edition's origin and development and historical influence of the book. Besides, he makes further collation, punctuation and annotation of the book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As culturally friendly countries, China and the Korean Peninsula have had active medical exchanges throughout history, which had a significant impact on the traditional medicine industry and daily life of both sides. Ginseng is an important commodity in the drug trade between China and Korea, and its profits are lucrative and an important source of fiscal revenue for the Korean government.In modern times, lured by huge profits, some Korean and Chinese businessmen have engaged in ginseng smuggling, even government officials.In order to safeguard the interests of the official camp, the two governments have always severely punished smuggling, but ginseng smuggling has not disappeared, and the game between official and private ginseng has become a unique phenomenon in the medical exchanges between China and Korea.

According to tradition the founder of Chan or meditational Buddhism, Bodhidharma, originated from India, yet his legend and first representations are more typically associated with China and his legendary figure is frequently seen in the visual art and popular culture of the East Asian countries. In my paper I focus on the visual representations of Bodhidharma as they became popular in Korea and Japan, attempting to show the basic differences in the popularization of the visual images of Bodhidharma in these countries, focusing mainly on the visual appearance and iconography. The power of the image is seen in the commercialization of representations of Bodhidharma, particularly in Japan, where this practice occurred much earlier than in Korea and developed different traditions compared to those in China, where the legend came from.

Affected by Chinese literature, Fu writers in ancient Korea wrote many Fu works by imitating Fu works in past dynasties of Korea and China. These pieces of Fu works were titled with the same names they imitated or titled by adding words such as "imitated", "second", "continued"and"contrary", etc to indicate the imitation property. The pieces of Fu that imitated works of China were created by imitating the form, meaning and function. The imitated Fu in ancient Korea reflected the achievements on Fu writing and the communication between the literatures of China and Korea which is of great significance for the study of Chinese literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Bohai University (Philosophy & Social Science Edition) / Bohai Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehuikexue Ban) is the property of Bohai Daxue and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a novel agglomeration of ancient Korea, Yulou Dream consists of multiple themes and rich elements. It makes great artistic achievements in shaping the images of wives and concubines, which have deep ideological implication and clear characteristics of the times. The wife images are characterized with the struggle and contradiction to fight reason with affection in a polygamous family. The concubine images in Yulou Dream are mostly perfect as heroines, talented women or gentlewomen. Form these images, we can find the author's ambivalence that the wanted to reform the unreasouable system of the fendal society，but he was unable to extricate himself from the fendal thought，which showing the characterictics fo the times when the powerful traditional ideology intendeed with the indistinct new ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nankai Journal: Philosophy, Literature & Social Science Edition / Nankai Xuebao: Zhexue Shehui Kezue Ban is the property of Nankai Xuebao Bianjibu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There exist two national libraries in Korea: the National Library of Korea (NLK) and the National Assembly Library (NAL). Given that both libraries perform the national library function, debates on their unification began in the 1950s and continued up until the mid-1970s. Even in the 21st century, disputes pertaining to the exclusive use of the title national representative library continue between the two libraries. This paper examines the disputes between the two national libraries of Korea from the beginning of the library legislation activities of the 1950s up to the present time.

Copyright of National Palace Museum Research Quarterly is the property of National Palace Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the 2010 commemoration of the centennial of Japanese colonialism in Korea. Prime Minister Kan Naoto’s apology generated controversy, exposing the longstanding domestic divide within Japan over the imperial past. The politicization of history, apologies and acts of contrition impedes reconciliation between Japan and its Asian neighbours. Apologies and acts of contrition may not be sufficient to advance reconciliation, but remain essential elements of that process. Japan’s legalistic position based on the 1965 Basic Treaty may protect it from further compensation claims, but also precludes the grand gestures that are essential to reconciliation.

This paper is intended to analyze the relationship between Korean poetics and Chinese theory of wenqi from the flowing perspectives: "wise men can say wise words" , "learning poems can cultivate one's good temperament" , "learning from good personalities of sages" , and theories of "qi and gu". On the one hand, the Qi Theory in the Korean literature was influenced by traditional Chinese Wenqi Theory, on the other, it made its own developments under the influence of Chinese Cheng-Zhu Confucianism. Sharing the same origin with Chinese literary theory, Korean literary critics did not only learn from Chinese literary theory, but also formulated new points based on their own conditions. A complete understanding of these points is beneficial to improving the exchange of literary criticism between our two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the trends in studies published in Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing (JKCCN) from 2008 to 2013. Methods: A total of 65 studies published between 2008 to 2013 were reviewed using criteria developed by researchers. Results: Approximately 36% of studies were conducted with patients. Intensive care unit (ICU) was the most popular site as the study setting. Among 59 research papers, 42.4% were approved by institutional review board (IRB). Quantitative studies were 78.6%, while qualitative studies were 4.6%. The research designs for the quantitative studies were survey (52.3%), quasi-experimental (16.9%), and so on. There was no randomized controlled trial. The most frequently used methods to provide nursing intervention was education. In addition, "nurse" and "ICU" were most commonly used keyword. Conclusion: Considering the low rate of IRB approval, more stringent application of research ethics is necessary to improve the quality of JKCCN. In addition, more randomized controlled trials should be encouraged to support evidence-based practice in critical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the nursing activities related to continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the intensive care units (ICU). Methods: We developed a list of 31 CRRT related nursing activities based on literature review and reviewed by expert group. A total of 109 direct time measurement records by 43 ICU nurses were collected and analyzed in terms of total time per shift, frequency, standard time, difficulty and performance levels of each CRRT nursing activity. Results: The mean time for CRRT nursing activity was 85.60 minutes per 8 hour shift. Nurses have spent average 9.46±6.98 minutes in a shift for "waste fluid bag change" activity. In addition, "check catheter location" was the most time consuming single activity. The most difficult activity was "counseling-answer" and the most competent one was "dialysis solutions change". Conclusion: The CRRT nursing activities accounted for a significant portion of total nursing workload. Practical allocation of nursing staff for CRRT patient along with development of a new nursing cost system need to be considered. Continuous nursing educational and training programs on CRRT should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic cooperation between Korean and S. Korean has begun since the period of Roh Tae-woo government, and showed different characteristics of times from the "close integration of politics and economy" at the most start to the current "separation of politics and economy". Kaesong Industrial Park is a typical case of inter-Korean economic cooperation. But due to various factors especially the inter-Korean political climate,the current Industrial Park is in the ups and downs. If the economic cooperation can proceed smoothly,it would be beneficial to develop the inter-Korean economic and to stabilize the Korean Peninsula situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal coverage (UC) is the aim of health system reform in China. This paper will give the suggestion about how to get UC through a comprehensive research on the current status of Korea UC, key experience and lessons from Korea UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting work engagement and burnout among clinical nurses according to resilience. Methods: The study design was a descriptive survey and questionnaires were collected from 182 clinical nurses who worked in hospitals in "J" province. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regressions. Results: The mean score of resilience, work engagement, burnout were 3.47±0.38, 4.29±0.98, 2.25±0.82 respectively. Resilience had 26.3% of the influence on work engagement and 50.5% of the influence on burnout. Sub-variables of causal analysis and empathy of resilience were statistically useful as factors influencing burnout. Conclusion: Resilience has been identified as a factor affecting work engagement and burnout. Therefore, nursing departments and nurse managers should strive to develop programs for the promotion of resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify ethical climate factors in hospitals and analyze their influence on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Methods: A convenience sample of 196 nurses from one national university hospital in J city participated in this descriptive study survey. Instruments included the Ethical Climate Questionnaire, Job Satisfaction Scale, and Organizational Commitment Scale. Cronbach's α and factor analysis were done to test reliability and construct validity of the scales. Data were collected from March 15 to March 25, 2013 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: Seven ethical climate factors were identified; laws and professional codes, social responsibility, company rules and procedures, self-interest, personal morality, efficiency, and friendship. Factors influencing job satisfaction were friendship (β=.25), social responsibility (β=.20), laws and professional codes (β=.20), and educational level (β=.27), explaining 37.6% of variance in job satisfaction. Factors influencing organizational commitment included social responsibility (β=.29), friendship (β=.27), laws and professional codes (β=.23), and age (β= .19), with explanatory power of 44.6%. Conclusion: Results can be used as preliminary data for developing new strategies to establish positive ethical climates in hospital environments and thus enhance nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was done to develop a nursing competency scale according to a clinical ladder system for intensive care nurses. Methods: Index of content validation was done by 20 clinical experts and 80 nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Results: The process and results of study are as follows. First, 12 nursing competencies were used in the establishment of the clinical ladder system (Jang, 2000). Second, the first draft of the competency lists was developed. It was based on the clinical nurses' behavioral indicators of nursing competency by Jang (2000), and was modified and supplemented through various literature reviews including competency standards for specialist intensive care nurses in Australia and consultation with 2 clinical nurses with over 10 years experience in the ICU. Third, the draft was examined by 20 clinical experts for content validity. Finally, the final draft was analysed using clinical validity where 20 nurses in each ladder participated. The final number of items was fixed at 309. Conclusion: The tool represents expected nursing competency of nurses working in ICU. Intensive care nurses can recognize their strengths and weaknesses, and identify directions for their professional growth by analysing results of their competency evaluation using this tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was done to examine interpersonal relations, hope, professional self-concept and turnover intention according to adult attachment styles in early stage nurses. Methods: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 245 nurses who work in one of six general hospitals. Additionally, a qualitative method was used to obtain data on experiences in interpersonal relations. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WINdows 14.0 and qualitative data from open question in the survey questionnaire were analyzed using content analysis. Results: There was a significant difference in interpersonal relations, hope, and professional self-concept according to adult attachment styles. In the interpersonal relation of early stage nurses, 8 themes were identified, of which the most frequent were: a comfortable relationship with my co-workers (43%) and stress from the relationship (34%). Conclusion: Findings from this study should be useful in the development of programs to promote adult attachment and professional self-concept for early stage nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]