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Specific nature property of mineral composition in coal fly ash is the key factor to depress froth stability of unbumed carbon flotation. This study intends to improve froth stability via the addition of inorganic salt cations. Three different inorganic salt cations ( Na+, Mg2+, Fe3+) were added into both solutions with only frother and flotation pulp system with ash particles. The influence of inorganic salt cations on foam and froth stability was studied systematically. The results indicate that the addition of salt cations improves the stability of gas-liquid foam and gas-liquid-solid froth. The stabilization function of Fe3+ to the foam or froth is stronger than Mg2+ and Na+. Based on the above study, the flotation of coal fly ash from Hubei province of China was conducted. Compared with flotation system with no salt cations, the LOI of low carbon product could be reduced from 8. 85% to 5.57% in the flotation system with 3 mmol/L Fe3+. The unburned carbon removal rate of low carbon product is improved from 41.94% to 74. 55%. Compared with flotation system with Fe3+, the function of Mg2+ and Na+ to the floatation indexes is weakened in due order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Bt cotton Sikang 1 (a conventional cultivar), Sikang 3 (a hybrid cultivar) from China and 99B (a conventional cultivar), Daiza 1 (a hybrid cultivar) from USA as test materials, the effects of different high temperatures on the square Bt proteins expression and nitrogen metabolic physiology were investigated. The results showed that the square Bt protein contents of the four cultivars decreased significantly above 38 °C compared with that at 32 °C. The higher the temperature was above 38 °C, the greater the reduction extent of the Bt protein content was. The square Bt protein contents of the hybrid cultivars were higher than that of the conventional cultivars, and were less reduced under the high temperature stress. The cultivars with bigger reductions in Bt protein content also showed greater reductions in the square soluble protein contents, pyruvic transaminase activities and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities, while larger increments were detected for the square free amino acid contents, proteinsase activities and peptidase activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fly ash sample was characterized by size fraction, X-ray diffraction, contact angle measurements and X-ray fluorescence. The function of a new type of frother (KD) which can produce more stable foam than conventional frothers was studied. The effect of the column flotation operating variables on the removal of unburned carbon from the fly ash was also systematically examined. Within the range studied, the optimum frother dosage is 400 g/t, superficial gas velocity is 1. 8 cm/s, froth thickness is about 150-200 mm and circulating pressure is 0. 22 MPa. The results indicate that Cyclonic-Static Micro-bubble Flotation Column (FCSMC ) technique is effective in removing the unburned carbon from coal fly ash. Under the optimized conditions, a cleaning ash with 3. 15% LOI (Loss on Ignition) and 91. 88% RUC(Removal Rate of Unburned Carbon) is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effects of berberine on the gene mRNA expressions of BMP4 transcriptional pathways and brown/white adipose tissue conversion transcriptional pathways in visceral white adipose tissues(VWAT) in type 2 diabetic hamsters and explore the relevant mechanisms. The obese insulin-resistant hamster model were induced by using high-fat diet, and then the type 2 diabetic hamster model was created through injection with low-dose streptozotocin in the obese insulin-resistant hamster model. After the modeling, the hamsters were randomly divided into normal control, obese insulin-resistant, type 2 diabetic and berberine-treated diabetic groups. After the nine-week treatment, real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the changes in gene mRNA expressions of VWAT BMP4 transcriptional pathways, brown/white adipose tissue conversion transcriptional pathways and their target genes in different groups. The results showed that the gene mRNA expressions of BMP4, BMPRⅡ, BMPRlA, Smad1, Smad5, Smad8, p38/MAPK, ATF2, PRDM16, C/EBPβ, PGC1α, PPARγ and brown adipose tissue-specific genes was decreased and that of Smad6, Smurf1 and white adipose tissue-specific genes was increased in VWAT of model hamsters. Treatment with berberine regulated BMP4 transcriptional pathways and brown adipose tissue transcriptional pathways and induced the gene mRNA expression of brown adipose tissue-specific genes in VWAT to develop browning gene phenotype of white adipose tissues, and then improved fat-induced insulin resistance. These findings indicated that BMP4 transcriptional pathways involved in the formation of fat-induced visceral white adipose tissues insulin resistance (FIVWATIR) and the browning molecular mechanism of white adipose tissues induced by berberine., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Taking Bt cotton Sikang 1 (a conventional cultivar), Sikang 3 (a hybrid cultivar) from China and 99B (a conventional cultivar), Daiza 1 (a hybrid cultivar) from USA as test materials, the effects of different high temperatures on thesquare Bt proteins expression and nitrogen metabolic physiology were investigated. The results showed that the square Bt protein contents of the four cultivars decreased significantly above 38 °C compared with that at 32 °C. The higher the temperature was above 38 °C, the greater the reduction extent of the Bt protein content was. The square Bt protein contents of the hybrid cultivars were higher than that of the conventional cultivars, and were less reduced under the high temperature stress. The cultivars with bigger reductions in Bt protein content also showed greater reductions in the square soluble protein contents, pyruvic transaminase activities and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities, while larger increments were detected for the square free amino acid contents, proteinsase activities and peptidase activities.

Based on the data of the second soil survey and field sampling in 2009 and 2010, temporal-spatial variations of total nitrogen (TN) in the degraded grassland 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 30-50 cm beneath the surface soil at the Three-River Headwaters region in Qinghai Province for a 30-year period (1980-2010) were evaluated using geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS). After exclusion of the outliers, the results showed a downward trend from the surface to the bottom in the mean TN values measured in the samples collected during the two periods. For the same soil layers, the average TN contents and the coefficient of variation in 1980 were higher than those in 2010. The TN contents of the two periods showed a log-normal distribution. Semivariograms analysis of the experiments indicated that the nugget effect in the same soil layer was lower in 2010 than in 1980; suggesting that the spatial distribution autocorrelation of TN in the Three-River Headwaters region in Qinghai Province was strengthened and structural factors played a more and more important role on the spatial distribution of TN. The results of ordinary kriging showed that there were regional differences in variations of the total nitrogen content. There were significant decreases in the southern, central and eastern regions, while the increase mainly occurred in the western areas.