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Soil column experiments in laboratory were conducted to determine the effect of biochar application on the vertical transport of NO3--N in red soil. Biochar was mixed thoroughly with soil at rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t · hm-2 , i. e. , biochar/soil ratios of 0, 2. 22% , 4. 45% % 8. 95% , 13. 37% and 17. 80% . The CXTFIT 2. 0 model was used to simulate the breakthrough curve of NO3--N. The results were as follows: the breakthrough curve of NO3--N varied remarkably with the increase of biochar application rate under saturated condition. The peak values of relative concentration (C/ Co), leaching rate and cumulative loss of NO3--N all significantly decreased with the increasing biochar application rate. There existed a certain prolongation of the breakthrough curves among all treatments. The more the biochar was applied, the more obviously the break- through curve was prolonged. According to the correlation analysis between the NO3--N break- through curves and soil properties, biochar affected the bulk density, organic carbon, total porosity, CEC of red soil, which would exert an effect on the breakthrough curves. The simulation value and the actual obtained value of the breakthrough curves were positively correlated with the correlation coefficients being over 0. 850 in all breakthrough curves, which indicated the CXTFIT 2. 0 model could best fit the prediction of nitrate-N transport and relative infiltration. These results could provide a scientific basis for predicting the effect of biochar on nitrate-N in underground water after biochar incorporation into field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the low content of available phosphorus in upland red soil of Southern China, this paper studied the effects of combined application of biochar and inorganic fertilizers on the available phosphorus and organic carbon contents and the pH of this soil. With the combined application of biochar and inorganic fertilizers, the soil physical and chemical properties improved to different degrees. As compared with the control, the soil pH and the soil organic carbon and available phosphorus contents at different growth stages of oil rape after the combined application of biochar and inorganic fertilizers all had an improvement, with the increments at bolting stage, flowering stage, and ripening stage being 16%, 24% and 26%, 23%, 34% and 38%, and 100%, 191% and 317%, respectively. The soil pH and the soil organic carbon and available phosphorus contents were increased with the increasing amount of applied biochar. Under the application of biochar, the soil available phosphorus had a significant correlation with the soil pH and soil organic carbon content. This study could provide scientific basis to improve the phosphorus deficiency and the physical and chemical properties of upland red soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listening comprehension depends on the specific context. In the speech signal reception, only the listener has an accurate segmentation for the flow of words according to the context, and then acquires a smooth decoding ability. After decoding, the listener has to take the knowledge involved with speech signals into the memory timely. The construction and the match of Chinese language patterns is the key to mastering the knowledge and to improving the efficiency of the real-time memory. In processing the knowledge, it is necessary for teachers to build patterns of language to students and create the recognition context of language patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teaching result of Chinese listening skills helps to improve students' communicative ability to use Chinese. The construction and matching of language styles will guarantee the improvement of students' listening comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil column experiments in laboratory were conducted to determine the effect of biochar application on the vertical transport of NO(3-)-N in red soil. Biochar was mixed thoroughly with soil at rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t · hm(-2), i. e., biochar/soil ratios of 0, 2.22%, 4.459%, 8.95%, 13.37% and 17.80%. The CXTFIT 2.0 model was used to simulate the breakthrough curve of NO(3-)-N. The results were as follows: the breakthrough curve of NO(3-)-N varied remarkably with the increase of biochar application rate under saturated condition. The peak values of relative concentration (C/Co) , leaching rate and cumulative loss of NO(3-)-N all significantly decreased with the increasing biochar application rate. There existed a certain prolongation of the breakthrough curves among all treatments. The more the biochar was applied, the more obviously the break-through curve was prolonged. According to the correlation analysis between the NO(3-)-N break-through curves and soil properties, biochar affected the bulk density, organic carbon, total porosity, CEC of red soil, which would exert an effect on the breakthrough curves. The simulation value and the actual obtained value of the breakthrough curves were positively correlated with the correlation coefficients being over 0. 850 in all breakthrough curves, which indicated the CXTFIT 2.0 model could best fit the prediction of nitrate-N transport and relative infiltration. These results could provide a scientific basis for predicting the effect of biochar on nitrate-N in underground water after biochar incorporation into field.

The development of near-infrared-based techniques for the noninvasive determination of blood component concentrations has attracted significant interest in recent years. But the noninvasive measurement of blood compositions has not yet been applied to the clinical field except blood oxygen saturation. The most important and also difficult problems are the effects of individual discrepancy and complicated measurement conditions. In the present article, the approach of dynamic spectrum (DS) is introduced, which is based on the principle of photoplethysmography. It is very difficult too to pick up DS with high precision in time domain. In order to extract the DS with high accuracy, the FFT method and it's leakage are discussed. The influences of sampling speed, sampling signal periodicity, window function and unsynchronized sample are analyzed by emulating experiments. The result of emulating experiments shows that choosing certain sampling speed, sampling signal periodicity, window function and interpolation arithmetic will improve accuracy observably. This provides necessary condition for the clinical application of DS.

Aim: To observe possible mechanism that endurance training can enhance anti-fatigue capability, and that blood redistribution by analyzing some biochemical indexes of endurance-trained mice after exhaustive exercise., Methods: The model was set up by exhaustive exercise. The indexes include the activity of SOD, CAT and POD and the MDA content in serum and the NO content in liver, muscle, heart and serum., Results: After exhaustive exercise, the SOD activity in serum and the NO content in liver significantly decrease (P < 0.05 - 0.01), and the activity of POD and CAT, the NO content in serum and muscle significantly increase (P < 0.05 - 0.01), but the rest insignificantly change in non-endurance (P > 0.05). In endurance group, the CAT activity in serum are significantly higher than in non-endurance (P < 0.05), and the NO content in serum is significantly lower than in non-endurance (P < 0.01), but the rest are insignificantly different between two groups (P > 0.05). After 24h restoration, in non-endurance group, the CAT activity and the MDA content in serum and the NO content in liver significantly rise (P < 0.05-0.01), and the NO content in muscle and serum significantly decrease (P < 0.05), but the rest insignificantly change (P > 0.05). In endurance group, the SOD activity in serum and the NO content in liver, serum and heart significantly rise (P < 0.05), and the CAT activity in serum significantly decreases (P < 0.05), but the rest insignificantly change (P > 0.05). In endurance group, the CAT activity and the MDA content in serum are significantly lower than in non-endurance (P < 0.05), but the NO content in heart is higher than in non-endurance (P < 0.05). The rest are insignificantly different between two groups (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The possible mechanism, which endurance training can enhance anti-fatigue capability, is relative to enhance the capability to resume balance. Blood redistribution are possibly relative to change to the NO content.