Search

【Objective】 The Huaibei Plain in central China is a major agricultural production area where winter wheat often experiences drought during its growing season. This study analyses the spatiotemporal variation in drought during the winter wheat growing season in this region. 【Method】 The analysis was based on meteorological data measured from 1957 to 2018. We used the crop water deficit index (CWDI) during the wheat growing season as a proxy for drought, analysing its inter-annual variation, spatial distribution, fluctuation patterns, occurrence rates, and spatial frequency distribution across different areas in the region. 【Result】 ① Throughout the wheat growing season, ten-day water demand and water supply both showed an initial decrease followed by an increase. Effective precipitation per ten-day period was less than 10 mm, while soil-surface evaporation increased by 260% from mid-March to late May. ② During the growing season, water supply and demand were balanced in Fuyang, Bengbu, and Mengcheng, but not in Dangshan, Bozhou, and Suzhou. Suzhou had the greatest fluctuation in CWDI, while Bengbu had the least. ③ From 1957 to 2018, drought occurrence during the winter wheat growing season increased by approximately 1.5 times, with 2010 experiencing the most widespread and severe droughts. ④ Spatially, drought severity increased from the South to the North, with Dangshan, characterized by fluvo-aquic soil, experiencing more severe droughts than areas with Shajiang Mollisol. Over time, the center with high-frequency of moderate drought shifted northward toward Bozhou and Suzhou. Extreme droughts were rare in this region. 【Conclusion】 Drought severity during the winter wheat growing season in the Huaibei Plain has increased from 1957 to 2018. Water supply and demand are imbalanced in regions such as Dangshan and Suzhou, where supplemental irrigation is needed.

In this study, on the basis of single factor experiments, the effects of raw material mass concentration, ethanol volume fraction, ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, and extraction time on the lipase inhibition activity of mulberry leaves extract were investigated in combination with response surface methodology to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of the lipase-inhibiting components of mulberry leaves. Meanwhile, the active ingredients of mulberry leaves extract were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF HRMS. The results showed that the optimal extraction process parameters for the lipase-inhibiting components of mulberry leaves were as follows: The mass concentration of raw material was 0.05 g/mL, volume fraction of ethanol was 70%, ultrasonic power was 195 W, extraction temperature was 31 ℃ and the extraction time was 40 min. Under these conditions, the lipase inhibition rate of mulberry leaves extract was 39.68%. A total of 1067 compounds were identified. Flavonoids and phenolic acids accounted for the highest proportion, containing 203 and 201 compounds, respectively. These compounds might be the material basis for the lipase inhibiting activity of mulberry leaves extract. In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of mulberry leaves was optimized to improve the extraction efficiency of the lipase-inhibiting active components, and the main active ingredients were analyzed. The results may provide a reference for the functional application of mulberry leaves in improving lipid metabolism and the development of health food.

As China’s electricity market reform progresses， market-based customers can not only participate in medium-to-long-term markets but also engage in the spot market based on their electricity procurement needs. The decomposition strategy for long-term contract energy is directly related to electricity purchasing decisions in the spot market. To rationalize curve decomposition of medium-to-long-term energy of market-based customers and reduce their overall electricity costs， this paper proposes a curve decomposition strategy for medium-to-long term contract energy of market-based customers considering price uncertainty in spot market. Drawing upon information gap decision theory （IGDT）， it proposes two types of uncertainty analysis models—risk-averse models and risk-seeking models—to establish a quantitative relationship between the total electricity costs of market-based customers and the accuracy of spot market price predictions. Case study results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can effectively support energy decomposition decisions for customers while considering price uncertainty in spot market.

【Objective】 Drought is a significant abiotic stress affecting agricultural production in many regions of China. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variations in drought during the growing seasons of summer maize in the Huaibei Plain. 【Method】 The analysis was based on the drought severity index (DSI) from 2010 to 2019 calculated using metrological data measured from weather stations across the region. We focused on the top 0-10 cm soil layer and the root zone from the soil surface to the depth of 50 cm. The M-K test and the Kriging spatial interpolation were used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation in droughts over the region at different time scales. 【Result】 ① Since 2016, the severity and frequency of droughts have both significantly increased in the areas of Dangshan, Mengcheng, and Qiaocheng, while decreased in the area of Fuyang. In Suzhou, droughts mainly occurred in 2010—2012 and 2019. Compared to seasonal scale, some drought events exhibited greater severity and higher frequency at the ten-day scale with unpredictable onset. ②The highest average annual drought index and frequency both occurred during the sowing-emergence stage, reaching moderate level or above, with the frequencies exceeding 40%. Severe droughts or worse at both timescales occurred in northern Dangshan and central Mengcheng and Suzhou. The frequency of the 0-10 cm soil-layer droughts was higher in the southwest, while the frequency of 0-50 cm soil-layer droughts was higher in the east and north than in other areas. ③ At the ten-day scale, the periods with the highest drought severity in each growing season mostly started in the early stage of sowing - emergence, emergence - jointing, and the mid-stage of jointing - tasseling. Severe droughts occurred primarily in August and September. 【Conclusion】 Since 2016, there has been a significant increase in drought severity and frequency for summer maize in the Huaibei Plain, particularly during the sowing seedling stage. Severe droughts were observed at uncertain ten-day scales, with increased drought frequency.

[Objective] Numerous external interference signals exist in urban rail transit wireless communication system, posing a significant threat to operational safety. Targeting the issue of low identification accuracy due to the radiation source RF (radio frequency) characteristics susceptible to noise and interference, it is necessary to propose an individual identification method for communication radiation sources based on enhanced diagonal integral bispectrum. This method provides an effective new approach to ensuring the security of rail transit wireless communication systems. [Method] The data processing procedure and principles of DCLIB (diagonal-correlation local-integral bispectrum) are analyzed. The calculations for bispectrum transformation, enhanced diagonal integral bispectrum calculation, division of adaptive bispectrum integration interval, and radiation source identification method based on residual networks are explained. Simulation experiments are conducted using actual Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) devices to analyze and compare the identification performance of the DCLIB method with that of other radiation source identification methods. [Result & Conclusion] The DCLIB method first estimates the bispectrum of communication radiation source signals and utilizes the autocorrelation characteristics of each parallel line on the sub-diagonals to form new spectral information for the enhancement of the signal subtle features. Subsequently, the method adaptively selects a reasonable spectral signal integration interval based on the spectral signal strength, reducing both noise impact and algorithm computational complexity. Thus, an enhanced diagonal integral bispectrum is obtained. The proposed DCLIB signal is then used as the RF fingerprint feature of the radiation source, and individual source identification is achieved using a deep residual network. Simulation identification experiments based on actual Wi-Fi devices demonstrate that the DCLIB method achieves the highest identification accuracy and exhibits excellent noise-resistance performance.

The effects of hot pressing pressure, sintering temperature and Y2O3 content on the hardness, the density, the flexural strength and the fracture morphology of the iron-based matrix were studied by orthogonal test, and the better sintering process parameters were obtained. On this basis, the iron-based diamond tool containing Y2O3 was prepared, and its fracture morphology, wear resistance and sharpness were detected and analyzed.The results show that the order of factors affecting the relative density and the hardness of the iron-based binder matrix containing Y2O3 is Y2O3 content, followed by the sintering temperature and the hot pressing pressure, and the influencing factor order of the flexural strength is sintering temperature, Y2O3 content and hot pressing pressure. Y2O3 can promote the densification of iron-based diamond matrix structure and reduces its sintering temperature. Under the better sintering process with sintering temperature of 780 ℃ and hot pressing pressure of 51 kN, an appropriate amount of Y2O3 can reduce the porosity of diamond tools, improve the bonding condition, and enhance the holding ability of binder to diamond abrasive particles.

Doppler center shift is an important parameter for Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) to retrieve ocean surface wind field and ocean surface current field. We present a calculation method of Doppler centroid shift for airborne side-looking SAR. We compute Doppler centroid frequency by aircraft motion status data and ocean detection echo data respectively, and make difference to solve the Doppler centroid shift. In order to remove the influence of noise, we add wavelet analysis in Doppler spectrum analysis method to improve Doppler centroid frequency accuracy from ocean detection echo data. We carry out flight detection experiment by airborne SAR to obtain the Doppler centroid shift, while put buoy wind direction and wind speed in detection area into CDOP geophysical model function to simulate the Doppler centroid shift as compared to the validation true value. Flight detection results of 9 group data show that the calculation error absolute value of Doppler centroid shift are less than 2 Hz, and the RMS error is 1.4 Hz. It is meets the accuracy requirements of marine environmental factors retrieval, and proves the effective of Doppler centroid shift calculation method. In practical applications, the accuracy of Doppler centroid shift calculation is the key to the application of marine environment research, which requires high-precision platform motion data and sounding echo data to ensure application value.

Objective To investigate the effect of Ezrin on epithelial⁃to⁃mesenchymal transition(EMT) in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) with cisplatin⁃resistance. Methods A MTT⁃based method was used to analyse the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of TSCC cell line CAL27 and its cisplatin ⁃ resistant cell line CAL27/CDDP. Bright⁃phase microscopic was used to observe the morphological changes. Western blot was used to de⁃ tect for Vimentin, E⁃cadherin and Ezrin expression. Transwell assay was used to detect for invasion. After transfected Ezrin with siRNA, Ezrin, Vimentin and E⁃cadherin expression, as well as invasion, were furthered detected in CAL27/ CDDP. Results IC50 of CAL27/CDDP increased by 6.8 fold compared to its parent cell line. CAL27 cells with polygo⁃ nal morphology stimulated by cisplatin trans⁃differentiated into epithelioid structure with clustered shape and tight con⁃ nection between the cells whereas CAL27/CDDP showed a mesenchymal phenotype with an elongated morphology. CAL27/CDDP showed upregulated Vimentin, downregulated E⁃cadherin and upregulated Ezrin expression, as well as in⁃ creased invasion. After knocking down Ezrin with siRNA, Ezrin and Vimentin were downregulated but E⁃cadherin was upregulated in CAL27/CDDP, as well as decreased invasion. Conclusion Knocking down of Ezrin inhibits epithelial⁃to⁃ mesenchymal transition and metastasis in TSCC with cisplatin⁃resistance.

The varying characteristics of steel material consumption, oxygen consumption, and converter gas volume were studied when different ferrous materials and different proportions of limestone were used in 60 t converter. The results show that when liquid steel is used as raw material and mixture of slag-steel and lump ore as coolants, the steel material consumption per ton steel is the min-imum (only 1072.07 kg), and when liquid steel and scrap steel are used as raw materials and slag-iron by magnetic separation as coolant, the steel material consumption per ton steel reaches the maximum (1092.91 kg). Meanwhile, with the increase of the amount of limestone, the steel material consumption is increased, the oxygen consumption is slightly decreased, and the gas volume is im-proved. The results will provide a new method for optimizing the material structure and reducing the production cost in steelmaking process.

On the basis of analysis of limestone decomposing and slagging mechanism, the changing of surplus heat was studied using limestone instead of lime as the slagging agent during steelmaking process, which indicates that hot metal added ratio can reach approximate 86.1% if using lime entirely. If limestone is applied in the steelmaking process to replace all limes for slagging, the hot metal ratio can reach up to 97.0%. On this basis, the metallurgical results of using limestone instead of lime for slagging in 60 t con-verter were studied. The results show that the content of TFe in slag is 21.87% at 4 min and the basicity is 1.22 using limestone for slagging. With the blowing time increasing, the content of TFe reduces while the basicity increases to more than 3.0. Besides, the de-phosphorization process is much more stable and the dephosphorization ratio increases by 2.6%, and the average basicity of slag in the end is 3.52, meeting the demand of dephosphorization. Since the slag amount substantially reduces, which results in the decline of the consumption of steel material. The blowing time is prolonged and the temperature of liquid steel is kept constant. Furthermore, the re-sults also provide a new method and concept for optimizing the charging material structure and reducing the production cost.

Objective To investigate the application value of platysma myocutaneous flap in repairing the defect after resection of buccal carcinoma.Methods 40 patients (preoperative examination of regional lymph nodes showed no obvious metastases of buccal cancer) were selected during January 2008 to May 2014, 40 patients were divided into the observation group and control group equally and received the conventional implement buccal carcinoma resection and selective neck dissection. Observation group used platysma myocutaneous flap to repair the buccal defect, and the control group used forearm skin flap to repair the defect. After one year follow-up, the survival rate of the flaps, the neck activity after operation, and the opening degree of mouth were compared with these two groups.Results Compared with the control group, the survival rate of the observation group had no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0.013, P = 0.909). In the observation group, the flap surrounding the mandible had a significant lower incidence of distal necrosis than that without surrounding the mandible, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 3.429, P = 0.044). 1 years after the operation, the scar was softened, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The mouth opening degree and buccal flap mucosal condition were ideal 1 year later, the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion Platysma myocutaneous flap has good repairing effect for the preoperative defect in buccal cancer patients without dominant buccal and submandibular lymph node metastasis. It is especially suitable for the patients with missing teeth after resection of buccal lesions and patients who can not implement the free flap with high surgical risk. Compared with free flap, platysma myocutaneous flap has the advantages of small surgical trauma, good efficacy, simple operation and easy to carry out, it’s worthy of clinical promotion.

In view of problems of large nonlinear error and low accuracy of approximate linear output curve of carrier catalytic gas sensor, the paper proposed a method of using the least square method to establish function relationship between output voltage and gas volume fraction of carrier catalytic gas sensor. It took MJC4/2.9J carrier catalytic element as experimental object, combined with corresponding experimental data to get fitting curve of output voltage and gas volume fraction, the fitting curve result showed that the function relationship between output voltage and gas volume fraction of gas sensor by using the least square method has small nonlinear error and high accuracy. The function relationship was applied to design of gas detector, the actual application result showed that the gas detector has higher accuracy and stability.

Traditional block-based video coders suffered from annoying blocking artifacts in low bit-rate coding.Aiming to high complexity for determining the block edge strength of deblocking filter,a fast in-loop deblocking filter based on content pre-analysis was proposed,which utilized STGS-image to partition character of different regions and measured the block effect intension in blockwise based on optical flow equation and relativity of interframe.Experimental results show that the proposed greatly reduces the complexity of filter algorithm,and then the subjective image quality of the proposed is approximate to that of the H.264 in-loop filter.

A novel centralized scheduling contention resolution （CSCR） was presented for the contention problem in PMP model of wireless metropolitan area networks. In each time frame, by estimating the number of active subscriber stations （SSs）, the base station （BS） provides an optimal window to all SSs. Each SS then individually participates with this win-dow in transmission. In comparison with the contention resolution based on truncated binary exponential backoff （BEB） algorithm given by IEEE 802.16, the CSCR resolution is not only easy to be implemented and more efficient in utilizing the transmission opportunities, but also can reduce the delay of admission. This was proved by our theoretical analysis and simulations.

The sparation and recovery of tin, zinc and cadmium from tin smelting dust by sulfuric acid leaching--removing arsenic with oxidation hydrolysis--replacing cadmium with zinc powder were studied. And the effects of various factors on the sparation and recovery were investigated. The results show that the leaching rates of Zn and Cd are 93.25% and 89.35%, respectively, and the leaching rates of Sn are less than 0.1% under the conditions of initial sulfuric acid concentration of 15%, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 3:1, leaching time of 120 min and leaching temperature of 90 °C. When the amount of hydrogen peroxide is 2% and the control end point pH is 5, the mass concentration of As in the leaching solution can decrease to 0.1 mg/L after arsenic removal. Under the conditions of reaction temperature of 60 °C, dosage of zinc powder 1.0 times of the theoretical amount, stirring speed of 250 r/min and reaction time of 30 min, sponge cadmium with cadmium content above 95% is obtained. The process can realize efficient recovery and utilization of valuable metals in tin smelting dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The objective of this study was to establish a mouse model of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and investigate the role of the NLRP3 signaling pathway in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Methods Thirty-three female C57 mice (SPF) were randomLy divided into 3 groups: the control group, the experimental group, and the NLRP3-/- group. On days 0, 4, 7, 14, and 21, the experimental group and NLRP3-/- group received a 0.2 mL intraperitoneal injection of medicine containing OVA (100 μg) and adjuvant Al (OH) 3 (4 mg), respectively. After an interval of 3 days, each eye and nose were dosed with 10 μL of 5% OVA for five consecutive days a week to induce allergic symptoms. During sensitization and excitation stages, the control group was replaced with an equivalent amount of PBS. Ocular and nasal symptoms were observed and scored. The levels of OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-18 in serum were measured using ELISA, while changes in palpebral conjunctiva and nasal mucosa were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of NLRP3 mRNA in conjunctival tissue and nasal mucosa was determined using real-time PCR analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS17.0 software with P < 0.05 considered as statistically significant difference. Results The experimental group and NLRP3-/- group exhibited induced nasal and ocular allergic symptoms. In the experimental group, the duration of nasal allergy symptoms was (10.500 ± 1.080) days, while the duration of eye allergy symptoms was (20.300 ± 2.058) days. In the NLRP3-/- group, the duration of nasal allergy symptoms was (13.400 ± 1.955) days, and for eye allergy symptoms it was (20.900 ± 2.132) days. The duration of nasal allergies in the NLRP3-/- group significantly exceeded that in the experimental group (P < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences observed in eye allergy durations between these two groups (P > 0.05) . Levels of OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, and IL-17 were significantly higher in both the experimental and NLRP3-/- groups compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05) . Additionally, serum IL-18 content increased significantly in the experimental group when compared with both control and NLRP3-/- groups (P < 0.05) . Conjunctival tissue lesions as well as nasal mucosa damage were evident in both experimental and NLRP3-/- groups. mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 within conjunctival tissue and nasal mucosa from the experimental group showed a significant increase when compared to those from both control and NLRP3-/- groups (P < 0.05) . Conclusion Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis pathogenesis is influenced by various factors, however, the involvement of NLPR3 signaling pathway promotes its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excavation of the protective layer of the dam foundation needs to balance the excavation quality and high construction speed. Based on the excavation of the diversion channel foundation protection layer of the DBDP Hydropower Station in Pakistan, this paper proposes a compound shock-reflection blasting technique featuring a hollow iron ball installed at the gun hole's bottom and energy dissipation materials. The energy control principle of this technology is analyzed by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and the technological feasibility and the influence of blasting parameters are studied by field tests. The results show that the compound shock-reflection blasting technique realizes the control and utilization of the explosion energy through multiple reflections of the explosion shock wave on different interfaces. Compared with the conventional cushion blasting hole method, the energy dissipation capacity at the hole bottom is increased by 20%, and the energy concentration between holes is increased by 18.5%, effectively mitigating the damage to the rock mass at the bottom. Under field test conditions, the excavation molding effect of the compound shock-reflection blasting technique is close to that of the traditional layered excavation method, but the construction speed can be increased by 3~4 times. At the same time, the excavation shaping effect can be significantly improved by appropriately reducing the row distance between the holes.

[Objective] In order to reduce soil pollution caused by plastic film, the application effect of using PBAT fully biodegradable plastic film instead of ordinary PE plastic film combined with drip irrigation to grow maize in mild secondary salinized soil was investigated. [Methods] Comparative tests were conducted on four mulching treatments, including PBAT biodegradable film (black and white) mulching, ordinary black film mulching and open-field cultivated maize without mulching, under three irrigation conditions (2 600, 3 300 and 4 200 m3/hm2) from April to September 2023 in Xinghuocun Experimental Station, Huinong District, Ningxia, and there were 12 treatments in total. The degradability of degradable film and its effect on soil water and salt transport and maize growth were studied. [Results] The water content in the 0-20 cm soil layer under black and white fully biodegradable mulch film was 18.87% and 18.34% higher than that under ordinary PE film, respectively, and 1.16% and 0.72% higher than that without mulching, respectively, and the soil salt content under black and white PBAT fully biodegradable film mulching and ordinary PE film mulching was reduced by 15.01%~23.10% compared with that without mulching (p

In order to solve the problems existing in the traditional frequency analysis method for the frequency analysis of grids with a high proportion of new energy, such as the large amount of calculation, the difficulty of modeling, and the prominent contradiction between the calculation speed and the calculation accuracy, this paper proposes a new frequency characteristic prediction method for the new power system based on convolutional neural network (CNN). First, the main frequency indexes of the power system with a high proportion of new energy under power disturbances are predicted using one-dimensional CNN, including the initial frequency change rate, frequency extremum, and frequency steady-state value. The prediction accuracy is improved by setting reasonable input characteristics and optimizing the parameters of the neural network. Then, the impact of disturbance location and disturbance type is further considered, and the power system characteristic data set containing disturbance information is established by the method of data dimensionality reduction. The input characteristics are constructed by using the principle of three primary channels for reference, and the extended two-dimensional CNN is used to predict the frequency security index, which improves the adaptability of CNN in the frequency analysis of grids with a high proportion of new energy. Finally, the method is verified by an example in the improved BPA 10-machine 39-node model, and the results are compared with the prediction results of the recurrent neural network, which proves that the proposed method has a high accuracy and adaptability.

【Objective】Light Emitting Diode (LED) is an important nonlinear optical signal generating device in Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems. The static nonlinearity of LED and the dynamic nonlinear memory effect caused by frequency response can lead to signal distortion and degrade the system performance.【Methods】The nonlinearity of LED can usually be compensated by estimating a pre-distortion model, and the wireless VLC is usually intensity modulated/directly detected.【Results】Therefore, the LED nonlinearity modeling is investigated, and an adaptive pre-distortion device based on Amplitude Factorization Polynomial (AFP) is proposed to compensate LED nonlinearity in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme exhibits good Bit Error Rate (BER), Amplitude Modulation/Amplitude Modulation (AM/AM) correction and constellation diagram performance with higher modeling accuracy.【Conclusion】The normalized mean square error performance improvement of more than 15 dB compared with the traditional memory polynomial is achieved.

Objective To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of pulmonary infection caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum. Methods The clinical data of a patient with pulmonary infection caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum were reported, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory characteristics and drug sensitivity of pulmonary infection caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum were summarized in combination with the relevant literature at home and abroad from January 2010 to December 2022. Results A 67-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital on June 30, 2020 because of "repeated chest tightness and shortness of breath for 3 years, aggravated cough, expectoration and fever". The sputum, alveolar lavage fluid and blood of the patient were collected for culture, and the detected pathogenic bacteria were identified. There are pathogenic bacteria growing in sputum and alveolar lavage fluid, which are identified as Nocardia otitidiscaviarum by Autof ms mass spectrometer. According to the results of pathogenic bacteria and the patient's condition, meropenem combined with compound sulfamethoxazole tablets were given anti-infection treatment, and the patient's condition improved and discharged. Conclusion The clinical manifestations and imaging features of nocardiosis are lack of specificity, and are prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Etiology is the key to disease diagnosis, and clinical examination and culture should be conducted in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To develop a real-time PCR technique to identify Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles lesteri. [Methods] Samples of each species were obtained and identified using both morphological methods and gene sequencing. Positive plasmid quality control products were synthesized and cloned, and the rDNA-ITS2 sequences of A. sinensis and A. lesteri were downloaded from the NCBI database. Prime 3 software was used to design primers and probes for each species online, and the minimum detection limit, sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of the PCR method were verified. [Results] Three hundred and eighty-three mosquitoes were collected and identified to 4 species; 159 A. sinensis, 104 A. lesteri, 60 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and 60 Aedes albopictus. The minimum detection limit of qPCR for A. sinensis and A. lesteri was 31.5 copy/response and the linear correlation coefficient (R2) of the standard curve was 0.99. The results of a repeatability test showed that intra and inter-group coefficients of variation for A. sinensis and A. lesteri were < 2%. [Conclusion] A TaqMan probe, real-time, fluorescent, quantitative PCR method with good sensitivity and specificity was developed to identify A. sinensis and A. lesteri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enrich the flavor and nutritional efficacy of soymilk powder, this study investigated the effects of adding different ratios of pea peptides on the quality, nutrition and flavor of soymilk powder. The reconstitutability of soymilk powder was examined based on solubility and caking rate, and its in vitro bioactive functions were evaluated in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and cholesterol scavenging capacity. The changes in the structural properties and flavor quality of soymilk powder caused by addition of pea peptides were explored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nanoparticle size analyzer, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the addition of 30% pea peptides to soymilk powder increased the protein content by 13.05% and solubility by 11.23%, decreased the caking rate by 4.20%, enhanced the DPPH radical and cholesterol scavenging capacity by 19.84% and 21.25%, respectively, and significantly improved the reconstitutability in hot water at 70 ℃. The structural analysis results revealed that pea peptide addition altered the secondary structure of proteins, reduced the average particle size, and resulted in more uniform particle size distribution in reconstituted soymilk, thereby improving the solubility of soymilk powder. Additionally, pea peptide addition changed the concentrations of the key flavor components geranylacetone, myristic acid, 3-methylthiopropanal, 2-methylpyrazine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine in reconstituted soymilk, while decreasing the concentrations of off-flavor substances, such as hexanal, trans-2-nonenal, nonanal, n-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol and naphthalene.

The excavation of the protective layer of the dam foundation needs to balance the excavation quality and high construction speed. Based on the excavation of the diversion channel foundation protection layer of the DBDP Hydropower Station in Pakistan, this paper proposes a compound shock-reflection blasting technique featuring a hollow iron ball installed at the gun hole's bottom and energy dissipation materials. The energy control principle of this technology is analyzed by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and the technological feasibility and the influence of blasting parameters are studied by field tests. The results show that the compound shock-reflection blasting technique realizes the control and utilization of the explosion energy through multiple reflections of the explosion shock wave on different interfaces. Compared with the conventional cushion blasting hole method, the energy dissipation capacity at the hole bottom is increased by 20%, and the energy concentration between holes is increased by 18.5%, effectively mitigating the damage to the rock mass at the bottom. Under field test conditions, the excavation molding effect of the compound shock-reflection blasting technique is close to that of the traditional layered excavation method, but the construction speed can be increased by 3–4 times. At the same time, the excavation shaping effect can be significantly improved by appropriately reducing the row distance between the holes.

The inverted V-tail is equipped in a twin-boom UAV,whose intersection angle can influence the aerodynamic characteristics and static stability. A twin-boom UAV with inverted V-tail is proposed,and compared with the U-tail configuration by numerical method. The computational models of inverted V-tail and U-tail configuration are examined and verified numerically. The longitudinal,lateral and directional aerodynamic characteristics and static stability of the two configurations are investigated and compared at different angles of attack and side-slip angles. The results show that the inverted V-tail can reduce the wetted area,increase the lift drag ratio of the whole aircraft by 2.2%,and increase the stall angle of attack of the tail,whereas the lateral static stability is decreased apparently. When the included angle is less than 90°,the tail can enhance the lateral stability of the aircraft.The increment of included angle leads to a slight decrement of directional stability,but makes certain increment of longitudinal stability.

In order to analyze the influence of the uncertainty of hydrogeological parameters on the output of the groundwater numerical simulation model, this paper studies a hypothetical example. First, a groundwater numerical simulation model is established. Then sensitivity analysis is used to screen out the parameters that have a greater impact on the output of the simulation model. As a random variable, in order to reduce the computational load caused by repeatedly calling the simulation model, the Kriging method and the BP neural network method are used to establish the replacement model of the simulation model and the accuracy levels of the two are compared, and the BP neural network replacement model with higher accuracy is selected to perform Monte Carlo simulation. Among them, when the BP neural network method is used to establish the replacement model, the third-point algorithm is used to quickly determine the number of hidden layer nodes that minimize the error of the replacement model. Finally, the results of the random simulation are statistically analyzed and the interval estimation and evaluation of the risk of groundwater pollution are compared. The results show that when the confidence level is 90%, the confidence intervals for the concentration of the three observation wells are 367.48~415.67, 205.12~230.33 and 118.85~132.82 mg/L. Combined with the risk assessment, it is calculated that the risk of groundwater pollution in observation wells No.1, No.2 and No.3 in the study area are 0.66, 0.60, and 0.58, which provides a scientific basis for groundwater pollution prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the genetic types and distribution rules of thin sand layers in the fourth member of Shahejie Formation (Es4) in Shubei area of the western sag, Liaohe Depression, the paper summarizes the identification marks of thin sand layers of different genesis based on the characteristics of core, logging response and seismic reflection, and predicts the distribution of sand bodies of each sand group, as well as the controlling factors of sand body development and sedimentary models. The results show that the Es4 in the area belongs to fan delta-lacustrine sedimentary system. The thin sand layers have 4 genetic types, including underwater distributary channel, low-uplift bar, estuary dam and coastal shoal, among which the former two are dominated. The paleo-landform, paleo-provenance and paleo-water depth control the distribution of sand bodies. Divided by Shuguang and Xinglongtai buried hills, the south is the fan delta sedimentary area where the front subaqueous distributary channel and estuary dam are developed; while the north (including low-uplift area) is a semi-closed bay area without obvious water injection where the low-uplift beach bar sand body and limestone/dolomite flat are mainly developed, with coastal shoals along some areas of western coast. The largely developed low-uplift bar sand body outside the reserve area is a potential substitution for the increasing reserves and production of clastic rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to analyze the strain distribution of the bowl body in disc separator, a finite element analysis (FEA) simulation model of the bowl was established by using ANSYS finite element analysis technology. The threaded connection of the lock ring and the bowl fittings were in effect on the strain distribution and the size of the bowl body. Therefore, simulation analysis was carried on and the influence of thin and thick disc group on the strain and displacement field of the bowl body was discussed. By means of optical non-contacting measurement instrument digital image correlation (DIC), the displacement field distribution of the bowl body outside the round wall was measured. The results show that the displacement field distribution stimulation results of the bowl body of the disc separator is similar to that of the measured results. The maximum strain load is located near the inner side of the disc frame at the bottom of the bowl body. According to the measured data, the modeling method of finite element analysis model needs the further improvement and optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the most serious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), resulting a very high mortality risk and no effective diagnosis and treatment method. Although an increasing number of studies suggest that immune-mediated vascular endothelial damage plays an important role in GVHD, the specific mechanism remains elusive. On the basis of endothelial injury caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy before allo-HSCT and infection, the donor T cells directly contact with the damaged endothelial cell antigen, secrete cytokines and inflammatory mediators to kill endothelial cells, leading to further apoptosis and depletion of endothelial cells, and exacerbating the functional damage of target organs and multi-system injury of the body. To explore the endothelial injury mechanism of GVHD. This review provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of GVHD.

In order to solve the problems of PCB image edge information missing and carrying a lot of noise in industrial production, the existing de-noising algorithm has poor effect, large amount of calculation and high complexity. Based on this, a PCB image denoising algorithm based on improved NLM is proposed to enhance the denoising quality of PCB image. Firstly, the weight adaptive algorithm based on morphology is used to enhance the PCB image, so that the PCB image retains good edge information. Secondly, the feature matching model is introduced to fuse the enhanced PCB image with the original PCB image. Finally, the PCB image is denoised by improving the weight value of NLM algorithm, and the final denoised image is obtained. Experimental results show that, compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm retains the edge information of PCB image better, has better denoising effect, significantly improves the image quality, enhances the robustness of the image, improves the calculation speed and reduces the complexity of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder, as a major mental illness, has a high lifetime suicide attempt rate in patients, and suicidal behavior is most likely to occur during depressive episodes. Therefore, in-depth study of its mechanism is essential for prevention, early detection and intervention of suicide. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology, it has been found that there are abnormalities in the brain structure and function in suicidal patients with bipolar disorder. This article reviews the studies on suicide in bipolar disorder patients by MRI from four aspects: structure, function, structure-function, and central metabolism and cerebral blood flow perfusion, and summarizes the suicide-related changes. This review focuses on distinguishing the brain MRI changes under different mood states and diverse definitions of suicide, aiming to provide reference for further exploration of the pathophysiological mechanism of suicide in bipolar disorder.

Objective. To assess the effect of embryonic age on the pregnancy outcomes of blastocyst graded as CC in single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles. Methods. A total of 565 patients undergoing single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer at Shanghai TOWAKO Hospital from April 2017 to December 2019 were included in this study, and they were divided into high-quality blastocyst group (grade AA, AB, and BA; n=189), medium-quality blastocyst group (grade BB, AC, and CA; n=114), low-quality blastocyst group (grade CB and BC; n=140) and CC grade blastocyst group (n=122). And the CC grade blastocysts were further divided into CC grade blastocysts of Day 5 (D5 subgroup, n=26), Day 6 (D6 subgroup, n=81) and Day 7 (D7 subgroup, n=15) according to the embryonic age. Thereafter, the cycle characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of the four groups and the three embryonic age subgroups of CC grade blastocysts were compared. Results. The clinical pregnancy rate (58.7% vs 54.4% vs 47.1% vs 25.4%, P=0.000) and live birth rate (46.2% vs 43.2% vs 36.2% vs 17.6%, P=0.000) of the high-quality, medium-quality, low-quality, and CC grade blastocyst groups decreased sequentially. Multivariate analysis showed that embryo quality was significantly correlated with clinical pregnancy rate. Compared with high-quality blastocyst group, CC grade blastocyst group had a lower clinical pregnancy rate (aOR=0.81, 95%CI 0.71 - 0.93, P=0.003). The analysis of CC grade blastocyst embryonic age subgroups showed that the clinical pregnancy rate (42.3% vs 23.5% vs 6.7%, P=0.040) and live birth rate (31.6% vs 15.6% vs 0, P=0.133) of the D5, D6 and D7 subgroups also decreased sequentially. Multivariate analysis showed that the embryonic age had a significant impact on the clinical pregnancy rate of CC grade blastocyst transfer. Compared with the D5 subgroup, the D7 subgroup had a lower clinical pregnancy rate (aOR= 0.69, 95%CI 0.49-0.96, P=0.032). Conclusion. D5 CC grade blastocysts predict good pregnancy outcome. Although the clinical pregnancy rate of D6 CC grade blastocysts is low, they are still useable. However, D7 CC grade blastocysts are of little clinical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） are a new type of persistent organic pollutants with global attention. They have shown multiple toxic effects due to their persistent accumulation in human body through exposure to environmental media such as drinking water， food， atmosphere， and soil. However， the bone toxicity of PFASs has not attracted enough attention. It is believed that the exposure and accumulation of PFASs in human have a significant impact on the bone health， especially hindering the healthy bone development in infants and adolescents， and aggravating the occurrence of bone loss and fracture in the elder populations. This paper will review the research progress of the effects of PFASs exposure on bone health indicators such as bone mineral density， and discuss the mechanisms of PFAS in bone toxicity. This review will provide references for revealing the effects of PFASs exposure on bone health and their toxic mechanisms.

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Animal experiment of operative surgery is a compulsory course for medical students and an important basic course for surgical practice teaching, which is of great importance to the cultivation of clinical medical talents. Combining the teaching practice experience of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, this paper analyzed the common problems in domestic medical universities, and put forward the optimized measures including adjusting and enriching teaching contents, expanding and enriching teaching resources, improving innovative teaching models, constructing scientific evaluation system, and strengthening the construction of teaching faculty, so as to improve the quality of the course and the comprehensive quality of medical students, help cultivate excellent medical talents, and provide references for the teaching reform of animal experiment of operative surgery in medical colleges and universities.

ObjectiveTo analyze and predict the striking velocity range of stick blunt instruments in different populations, and to provide basic data for the biomechanical analysis of blunt force injuries in forensic identification.MethodsBased on the Photron FASTCAM SA3 high-speed camera, Photron FASTCAM Viewer 4.0 and SPSS 26.0 software, the tester’s maximum striking velocity of stick blunt instruments and related factors were calculated and analyzed, and inputed to the backpropagation （BP） neural network for training. The trained and verified BP neural network was used as the prediction model.ResultsA total of 180 cases were tested and 470 pieces of data were measured. The maximum striking velocity range was 11.30-35.99 m/s. Among them, there were 122 female data, the maximum striking velocity range was 11.63-29.14 m/s; there were 348 male data, the maximum striking velocity range was 20.11-35.99 m/s. The maximum striking velocity of stick blunt instruments increased with the increase of weight and height, but there was no obvious increase trend in the male group; the maximum striking velocity decreased with age, but there was no obvious downward trend in the female group. The maximum striking velocity of stick blunt instruments has no significant correlation with the material and strike posture. The root mean square error （RMSE）, the mean absolute error （MAE） and the coefficient of determination （R2） of the prediction results by using BP neural network were 2.16, 1.63 and 0.92, respectively.ConclusionThe prediction model of BP neural network can meet the demand of predicting the maximum striking velocity of different populations.

Objective To evaluate the risk of recurrence or metastasis of breast cancer by LNG-IUS via meta-analysis. Methods We searched literature in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang database.The retrieval period was from January 2014 to October 2021.Data extraction and quality evaluation were conducted for the included randomized controlled study (RCT) to analyze whether LNG-IUS can increase the risk of recurrence or metastasis of breast cancer. Results A total of 1309 Chinese and English studies were retrieved; 5 RCTs were included in this study, and 446 patients were enrolled.The combined total effect value in the fixed-effect model with RD (95%CI)0.03(-0.03-0.08), Z=1.05, P=0.29) indicated that the LNG-IUS+tamoxifen group did not increase the risk of recurrence or metastasis of breast cancer compared with the tamoxifen group.The funnel diagram was basically symmetrical, suggesting that the publication bias was small. Conclusion Wearing the LNG-IUS does not increase the risk of relapse or metastasis of breast cancer significantly, and it provides certain safety for patients with breast cancer.

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality among the three major gynecological malignancies. Peritoneal metastasis, intestinal obstruction and then death is the main outcome pattern of advanced ovarian cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine maintenance treatment of advanced ovarian cancer is effective, but the theoretical basis needs to be further improved. Under the guidance of the membranous Sanjiao theory and combined with clinical experience, this paper traces the origin, focuses the location of membranous Sanjiao of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis and the role of membranous Sanjiao dysfunction in the occurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Besides, the paper puts forward that the main strategies for the maintenance treatment of traditional Chinese medicine on ovarian cancer are ordering the Qi movement of Sanjiao, regulating and harmonizing Qi and blood, and clearing away the latent toxin. From the perspective of membranous Sanjiao theory, the theory enriches the traditional Chinese medicine theory of ovarian cancer and provides new ideas for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

ObjectiveTo reconstruct the cases of acceleration craniocerebral injury caused by blunt in forensic cases by finite element method （FEM）, and to study the biomechanical mechanism and quantitative evaluation method of blunt craniocerebral injury.MethodsBased on the established and validated finite element head model of Chinese people, the finite element model of common injury tool was established with reference to practical cases in the forensic identification, and the blunt craniocerebral injury cases were reconstructed by simulation software. The cases were evaluated quantitatively by analyzing the biomechanical parameters such as intracranial pressure, von Mises stress and the maximum principal strain of brain tissue.ResultsIn case 1, when the left temporal parietal was hit with a round wooden stick for the first time, the maximum intracranial pressure was 359 kPa; the maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue was 3.03 kPa at the left temporal parietal; the maximum principal strain of brain tissue was 0.016 at the left temporal parietal. When the right temporal was hit with a square wooden stick for the second time, the maximum intracranial pressure was 890 kPa; the maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue was 14.79 kPa at the bottom of right temporal lobe; the maximum principal strain of brain tissue was 0.103 at the bottom of the right temporal lobe. The linear fractures occurred at the right temporal parietal skull and the right middle cranial fossa. In case 2, when the forehead and left temporal parietal were hit with a round wooden stick, the maximum intracranial pressure was 370 kPa and 1 241 kPa respectively, the maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue was 3.66 kPa and 26.73 kPa respectively at the frontal lobe and left temporal parietal lobe, and the maximum principal strain of brain tissue was 0.021 and 0.116 respectively at the frontal lobe and left temporal parietal lobe. The linear fracture occurred at the left posterior skull of the coronary suture. The damage evaluation indicators of the simulation results of the two cases exceeded their damage threshold, and the predicted craniocerebral injury sites and fractures were basically consistent with the results of the autopsy.ConclusionThe FEM can quantitatively evaluate the degree of blunt craniocerebral injury. The FEM combined with traditional method will become a powerful tool in forensic craniocerebral injury identification and will also become an effective means to realize the visualization of forensic evidence in court.

With the continuous increase of the spraying area, the problem of droplet drift risk in the spraying process of UAV is becoming increasingly prominent, especially the herbicide drift. In order to clarify the effect of the herbicide solution on the droplet size and the deposition and drift distribution characteristics sprayed by UAVs, the droplet sizes of 15 herbicide solutions sprayed by the centrifugal rotary atomizer nozzle installed in the plant protection UAV were measured in the laboratory, and the distribution of droplet deposition and drift in the spraying area and drift area were measured by adding a fluorescent tracer (60 g/hm2) to the tank in the field. The results showed that the herbicide solution had a significant effect on the droplet size distribution. The DV50 of all the other solutions was reduced after sprayed by the centrifugal atomizer except the Carfentrazone-ethyl water dispersible granule, and the maximum decrease ratio was 22.0%. The proportion of small droplets (V