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Objective To observe characteristics of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in patients with major depression and explore the possible pathogenesis. Methods A total of 24 major depression patients and 26 sex-, age- and education-matched healthy controls were scanned with rs-fMRI based on amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF). The correlation between mALFF values of brain regions and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) score was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results Compared with control group, mALFF values in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), right orbital superior frontal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, left operculum inferior frontal gyrus, left medial superior frontal gyrus and left gyrus rectus in major depression group were significantly increased (P < 0.05, for all; AlphaSim correction), while mALFF values in bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), right posterior cingulate gyrus, right precuneus and left lingual gyrus were significantly reduced (P < 0.05, for all; AlphaSim correction). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed mALFF values of brain regions in major depression patients was not significantly correlated with HAMD-17 score (P > 0.05, for all). Conclusions Abnormal brain spontaneous activity within default mode network (DMN) and limbic system could emerge in major depression patients during resting-state, which may be neurobiological substrate of major depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the history of geological structure and geothermal evolution in southern Qinshui Basin, this study investigated the origins of coalbed methane ( CBM) in Zhengzhuang and Hudi blocks from the aspects of the relationship between carbon isotope and hydrogen isotope of methane, the empirical relationship between carbon isotope of methane and vitrinite reflectance of coal, the quantitative relationship between δD(CH4) and δD(H20). The results reveal that the content of methane is predominant, from 96.83% to 98.55%, and is extremely dry gas. The contents of δ13C1, and δ (CH4)is -33.1 ‰ to -30.8‰ and -179.32‰ to -160.53‰,respectively. The relationship between carbon isotope and hydrogen isotope of methane indicate that the CBM is the thermogenic gas reconstructed by secondary role. The contents of δ13C1, is much lower than the calculated value (-27.89%) by empirical formula. The main reason can be defined as the effect of the carbon isotope fractionation of methane due to the priority dissolved 13CH4 in underground fluid during the process of lateral groundwater circulation and vertical hot fluid circulation in the Yanshan period of abnormal paleogeothermal. The quantitative relationship between δD(CH4) of No. 15 coal and δD(H20) of the associated formation water indicate that the differences between the δD(CH4) value of the methane of No. 3 and No. 15 are due to the effect that thermogenic gas mixed with secondary microbial gas generated by carbon dioxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the problem of complexity and high-cost character of dynamic analysis in the processing of structural dynamic optimization, and infeasibility to direct dynamic optimization, a transformation method of equivalent static loads from dynamic loads based on volume potential energy was proposed. Analyzed the constitutive equation of volume potential energy, the most dangerous time points of the structure dynamic response were found by the critical time points identification method for solution space of global dynamic stress based spectral element interpolation. A mathematical model for the transformation method of equivalent static loads was constructed and it was solved by Direct algorithm. Last, 10 bar truss, 124-member plane truss and 1-bay 2-storey frame were taken as examples to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed method. Results show that the displacement used proposed method is more realistic than the literature displacement of 6. 74%, 4. 57%, 8. 5%, indicating that the proposed method is feasible and effective, and lay a foundation for the structural dynamic response optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporal spectral element method is adopted to solve the dynamic differential equations. After the discrete dynamic response in time domain is deeply considered, the second order differential equations are transformed into first order ones by using Buhnov-Galerkin method and the transient responses can be calculated accurately and efficiently. The critical point and its adjacent GLL point method is developed to deal with the constraints related to the time. Furthermore, it is proposed that spectral element division and interpolation number are function of dynamic load variation. Two optimization examples of spring shock absorber and the five DOFs vehicle suspension system are given. The artificial design variable is introduced. A detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages for the proposed method is finished. Results show the correctness of the method, thus providing a reference for further study of dynamic response optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each method of edge detection is regarded as an expert. To solve the problem of inconsistency of different expert responses and the difficulty of choosing right expert, a model of edge detection based on multi-expert and principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed. Firstly, a statistical model for expert response is established, and theoretical analysis shows that the edge detection model can effectively suppress noise coming from the expert. Then, the information of multiple detection results were combined to obtain the general detection result with the model based on multi-expert and PCA. The experimental results are very satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the virulence and genetic similarity of beta-hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus in cows with mastitis in Xinjiang, China. Researchers randomly selected and evaluated 101 strains from eight dairy herds of different districts and compared its virulence with mice. Result shows that 55% of the strains examined are dangerous to mice.

One of the main difficulties for the production of pure cashmere products in the spinning process technology is issued. As in the spun yarn of pure cashmere products and production process after the road is not so difficult, mainly for pure cashmere products in the imported spinning device, we are adjusted from the production process technology. By the contrast testing, it vital to improve the poor cashmere tops quality by the ways of reducing the drawing processing routes, the combing draft and the number of the sliver, improving the nipper No, enhancing the output weight of roving sliver. It is very important that we spray oil amount to full, uniform and pay attention to the storage in the gilling machine to prevent the cashmere tops loosing, so as to keep the processing normally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From January 31 st to February 20 th , 2015 to 2022, the spatio-temporal characteristics of the PM 2.5 pollution evolution of 44 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and its surrounding areas were analyzed. The contribution of simultaneous meteorology, coordinated emission reduction, and cross-regional transmission to PM 2.5 concentration and chemical component changes were quantified, respectively, with the aim to provide scientific reference for regional air quality joint prevention and control under adverse meteorological conditions. The results showed that the mean value of PM 2.5 concentration of 44 cities in 2022 was the lowest(46 μg·m -3 ) without heavy pollution in the same period of the lunar calendar since 2015, whereas the proportion of days with good air quality was the highest(83.3%). PM 2.5 pollution was more serious in the southern region than that in the northern region, and the high values were mainly concentrated along the Taihang Mountains and Yanshan transmission channel cities. In 2016, under the unregulated emission of fireworks in the Spring Festival, the proportion of unpolluted days was 93.5%, which means that the strong atmospheric diffusion ability was crucial to improve air quality. In 2022, the static weather index(SWI) increased by 2.1 compared with that in 2021, indicating unfavorable atmospheric diffusion capacity. The average and peak values of PM 2.5 decreased by 14 μg·m -3 and 76 μg·m -3 , respectively. The reduction in PM 2.5 concentration in Beijing owing to emission reduction measures increased by 96% compared with that before one month. Under the adverse atmospheric background in the Shanxi-Shandong-Henan Region, which contributed to the increase in PM 2.5 concentration, the peak value of PM 2.5 concentration decreased by 87 μg·m -3 , indicating that the peak clipping effect of regional collaborative pollution emission reduction was significant. From 2019 to 2022, the concentration of PM 2.5 chemical components decreased yearly with narrowed spatial differences, and the high value was concentrated in the central and southern regions. The descending order of PM 2.5 secondary component concentration decrease was as follows:organic matter(21.9%)>sulfate(20%)>ammonium salt(16.7%)>nitrate(9.7%). The proportion of nitrate in PM 2.5 increased yearly to 30.1%, indicating that the contribution of traffic pollution was relatively prominent. In 2022, the SNA concentration in the Shanxi-Shandong-Henan Region increased. Pollution from external sources accounted for the main contribution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region(>50%). Liaoning Province contributed significantly to the PM 2.5 concentration in cities along the Bohai(>10%), and nitrate and sulfate were easy to transport over long distances. It is necessary to strengthen the coordinated control of precursors of secondary chemical components SO 2 , NO x , and NH 3 .

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01&#95;AE,CRF07&#95;BC,and CRF08&#95;BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs. 1.3%; χ 2 =3.929, P =0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01&#95;AE,CRF07&#95;BC,and CRF08&#95;BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.

The ozone concentration characteristics of 13 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed based on ecological environment monitoring and meteorological observation data. The influence of meteorological elements such as daily maximum temperature ( T max ), daily average ground pressure ( p ), daily average ground relative humidity (RH), and daily average ground wind speed ( v ) on ozone concentration[ ρ (O 3 -8h)] and the exceeding standard rate of O 3 -8h were discussed. The AQI, ozone concentration range, and ozone pollution level forecast accuracy rates were evaluated using the neural network statistical model. The results showed that the concentrations of O 3 -8h-90per[ ρ (O 3 -8h-90per)] of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2016 to 2020 were 157.4, 177.2, 177.3, 190.6, and 175.6 μg·m -3 , respectively. The regional ozone concentration increased by 11.6% over the five years from 2016 to 2019. From 2016 to 2019, there was an overall upward trend in volatility, followed by a decline in 2020. Compared with that in 2016, the concentration of O 3 -8h-90per in the other 10 cities increased by 6-45.5 μg·m -3 , except for in Beijing, Zhangjiakou, and Chengde, where it decreased slightly. The average value of ρ (O 3 -8h) from April to September was higher than 100 μg·m -3 , and the highest monthly average concentration of O 3 -8h was 158.10 μg·m -3 in June. The range of the over standard rate of O 3 -8h was 8.6%-19.2% in the 13 cities, and 97.8% of ozone concentrations exceeded the standard in the period from April to September. At the regional scale, the concentration of O 3 -8h had the strongest correlation with the daily maximum temperature. Furthermore, when T max was in the range of 25-28℃, the concentration of O 3 -8h in the 13 cities began to exceed the standard concentration of 160 μg·m -3 . Additionally, the concentration of O 3 -8h negatively correlated with p . When RH was below 60%, ozone concentration increased slowly with relative humidity in most cities. When RH was above 61%-70%, ozone concentration decreased with the increase in daily relative humidity in most cities. When ozone exceeded the standard concentration of 160 μg·m -3 , the dominant wind was mainly southerly wind, and the high ozone concentration in most cities tended to be concentrated in the low wind speed range of 2-3 m·s -1 and below. Moreover, the correlation coefficient range of the statistical model of OPAQ 1-9 days in advance was 0.72-0.86, the average accuracy of AQI level forecasts was 67%-86%, and the average accuracy of O 3 -8h concentration forecasts was 63%-84%. In April to September, when ozone exceeded the standard of 160 μg·m -3 , the accuracy rates of the model forecast of light ozone pollution and ozone exceeding the standard concentration of 160 μg·m -3 three days in advance were 69% and 66%, which can provide a reference for the management and control of ozone pollution.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of ethambutol tablets (EMB) on pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in rats and whether the action mechanism of EMB is related to Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Methods Sixty SD rats were assigned into a control group,a PTB group,a PTB+EMB group (30 mg/kg),and a PTB+EMB+Colivelin (JAK/STAT pathway activator) group (30 mg/kg+1 mg/kg) via the random number table method,with 15 rats in each group.The rats in other groups except the control group were injected with 0.2 ml of 5 mg/ml Mycobacterium tuberculosis suspension to establish the PTB model.After the modeling,the rats were administrated with corresponding drugs for 4 consecutive weeks (once a day).On days 1,14,and 28 of administration,the body weights of rats were measured and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies were counted.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was carried out to detect the pathological changes in the lung tissue.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),IL-1β,and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the serum.Flow cytometry was used to determine the levels of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+.The 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to detect the relative abundance of the intestinal microorganisms.Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of the proteins in the JAK/STAT pathway. Results Compared with the control group,the modeling of PTB reduced the rat body weight (on days 14 and 28),increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies,caused severe pathological changes in the lung tissue,and elevated the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in serum and CD8+.Moreover,the modeling increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides , Peptococcus , Clostridium , Actinomyces , Lactobacillus , Verrucomicrobium ,and Veillonella in the intestine,up-regulated the protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3 in the lung tissue,and lowered the levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and IFN-γ levels (all P <0.001).Compared with the PTB group,PTB+EMB increased the rat body weight (on days 14 and 28),reduced Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies,alleviated the pathological damage in lung tissue,lowered the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in serum and CD8+.Moreover,the treatment decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides , Peptococcus , Clostridium , Actinomyces , Lactobacillus , Verrucomicrobium , Veillonella in the intestine,down-regulated the protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3 in the lung tissue,and elevated the levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and IFN-γ (all P <0.001).Colivelin weakened the alleviation effect of EMB on PTB (all P <0.001). Conclusion EMB can inhibit the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to alleviate the PTB in rat.

As a special bio-geomorphic landscape in the Qaidam desert area, Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas play a critical role in fixing quicksand, improving soil quality, and maintaining the stability of regional ecological environment. Taking the N. tangutorum nebkhas with coverage of approximately 15%, 25%, 45% and 60% in Gahai Lake area of Qaidam Basin as the research objects, we analyzed the vertical distribution and enrichment characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK). The results showed that the contents of SOM, TN, TP, TK, AN, AP and AK varied in the range of 1.67-10.22 g·kg -1 , 0.05-0.42 g·kg -1 , 0.31-0.54 g·kg -1 , 15.87-18.84 g·kg -1 , 2.26-11.68 mg·kg -1 , 0.80-15.00 mg·kg -1 and 45-161 mg·kg -1 , respectively. Vertically, soil nutrients in the N. tangutorum nebkhas with 15% coverage showed a decreasing trend first then increased, and then decreased again with the increase of soil depth, except for TP, which did not show any significant change. In the nebkhas with 25%, 45% and 60% coverage, SOM, TN, AN, TP and AP all showed a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth ,whereas TK and AK did not change significantly with soil layer. Above the nebkhas ground level of N. tangutorum , SOM, TN, TK, AN, AP and AK were all enriched, especially in the surface layer.Aamong all the nutrients, the enrichment rate of AN reached 5.19. In addition, below the nebkhas ground level of N. tangutorum , TN, AN, TK, AK and AP also showed enrichment. SOM, TN, AN, TP, AP, TK and AK were all significantly positively correlated with soil water content, and negatively correlated with altitude. All nutrients except TP were mainly affected by altitude. In conclusion, soil nutrient content of N. tangutorum nebkhas was the highest in the surface layer, the enrichment effect of which was not only reflected in the interior of the nebkhas, but also below the ground level of the nebkhas. Our results could provide reference for the scientific utilization of N. tangutorum nebkhas and ecological environment protection in Qaidam Basin area.

The PM 2.5 forecast models of 95 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding cities (BTH); the Fenwei Plain (FWP); the border area of Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, and Henan (JASH); and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regions were established using BP neural network models, and the forecast was carried out for the next seven days in the autumn and winter in 2020. By comparing the forecast results of the BP neural network models, numerical model, and artificial correction, the PM 2.5 forecast effects of the three methods were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed:① The performance of the short-term forecast based on the BP neural network was relatively good but was reduced in the medium and long term and systematically overestimated in four regions. The numerical model effects were lower than those of the BP neural network models. ② The accuracy rates of the PM 2.5 forecast concentration by the three methods were generally low in the four regions, with an average of less than 50%, and the accuracy values in order from high to low were the BP neural network models, artificial correction, and the numerical model. The accuracy rates of IAQI levels of PM 2.5 were significantly improved by the three methods, and the averages were above 65% in the first four days. The effects of the BP neural network models and artificial correction were similar, which were generally higher than those of the numerical model. ③ The numerical model had good effects in the BTH, JASH, and YRD regions, whereas it was the worst when forecasting moderately and above-polluted days in the FWP region. The BP neural network model had a good performance when forecasting short-term PM 2.5 in the BTH, JASH, and FWP regions, whereas it was poor in the YRD region. In general, the performance of artificial correction was relatively good when forecasting moderate-level days and was close to the BP neural network model when forecasting heavily polluted days.

To evaluate the effect of emergency emission reduction measures during the heavy air pollution episodes in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and its surrounding areas, a scenario simulation method was used. The concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and O 3 -8h, air quality index (AQI), characteristics of heavy air pollution, and climate and meteorological factors were analyzed using the observation data available from October to December 2019. The 24 h, 72 h, and 144 h prediction results of NAQPMS model were analyzed. The uncertainties of the assessment and model prediction were discussed. The results showed that the average PM 2.5 concentration in Beijing, Tianjin, and its surrounding 26 cities ("2+26" cities) from October to December 2019 was 64 μg ·m -3 , indicating a decrease of 10 μg ·m -3 as compared with that during the same period in 2018. There were 4 occurrences of regional heavy air pollution episodes, with the average PM 2.5 concentration of 156 μg ·m -3 of affected cities. The value of evaluation on meteorological condition index of PM 2.5 pollution (EMI) of "2+26" cities ranged from -15.6%-16.8%. The meteorological conditions of 12 cities, including Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang, deteriorated as compared with those during the same period in 2018, and the changes ranged from 3.2%-16.8%. However, the emergency emission reduction measures effectively reduced the occurrence of regional heavy air pollution episodes, the peak concentration of PM 2.5 was decreased significantly, and no severe regional pollution episode occurred. The daily PM 2.5 concentrations reduced by 2% to 9% in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Tangshan, and other cities during a typical heavy air pollution period. The quarterly average concentrations of PM 2.5 in the "2+26" cities reduced by 1 to 3 μg ·m -3 . The regional emergency emission reduction measures have played an active role in protecting the health of the people and improving the quality of ambient air.

This study discusses the concentration characteristics of PM 2.5 and PM 10 , as well as pollution meteorology in large-scale and long-term heavy pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas from November 23 to December 4, 2018, where the primary pollutants are comprised of PM 2.5 and PM 10 . The monitoring results obtained from ground-based and vehicle-mounted lidars, as well as the HYSPLIT-4 backward trajectory combined with meteorological factors analysis are discussed. The accuracy and uncertainty of the air quality forecast model of NAQPMS, CMAQ, and CAMx during heavy air pollution were analyzed retrospectively. The results show that PM 2.5 and sand dust in most cities in the south-central region contribute to severe pollution levels. The hourly peak concentrations of PM 10 in Zhangjiakou, Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Handan, and Zhengzhou were 1589, 864, 794, 738, and 766 μg·m -3 , respectively. The respective hourly peak concentrations of PM 2.5 were 239, 319, 387, 321, and 380 μg·m -3 . Ground static pressure field, high humidity, inversion, and other static and stable conditions, as well as sand dust transmitted from the northwest, were important pollution meteorological and weather factors. The monitoring data of ground-based lidar and vehicle-mounted lidar combined with the HYSPLIT-4 backward trajectory analysis showed that the air pollutant transmitted from the Southwest and Southeast during the heavy pollution period was primarily PM 2.5 . The air pollutant transmitted from the Northwest during the two sand dust processes. Moreover, the model of NAQPMS, CMAQ, and CAMx performed well in forecasting the heavy pollution process in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas. However there are slight deviations for some individual cities, related to uncertainty in the meteorological model prediction, atmospheric chemical reaction mechanism, and pollution source list. Furthermore, the reduction in pollution source emissions caused by pollution emergency measures was also one of the main reasons for the overestimation.

This paper discusses the concentration characteristics of PM 2.5 , as well as its relationship with meteorological factors in autumn and winter (from September to the following February), from 2013 to 2018 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. The accuracy and uncertainty of the air quality forecast models NAQPMS(nested air quality prediction modeling system), CMAQ(community multiscale air quality modeling system), and CAMx (comprehensive air quality model with extensions) were analyzed based on the model-predicted and measured PM 2.5 concentration in autumn and winter from 2015 to 2018. The accuracy of NAQPMS, CMAQ, and CAMx during typical heavy air pollution was also tested. Moreover, methods to improve the accuracy of the model forecast were discussed. The results showed that the mean concentrations of PM 2.5 in the BTH region were 122, 98, 82, 99, and 65 μg·m -3 in the five autumn and winter periods, respectively. When the air quality index (AQI) exceeded 150 during each autumn and winter, it reached 229, 198, 210, 204, and 180 μg·m -3 , respectively. There were 64 occurrences of heavy regional PM 2.5 air pollution in autumn and winter from 2013 to 2018. The average duration was longest in the 2013 to 2014 period, and shortest in the 2017 to 2018 period. The peak concentration and average concentration of PM 2.5 decreased year on year, except for the period from 2016 to 2017. In autumn and winter, PM 2.5 concentration had a relatively close relationship with relative humidity, wind and sunshine duration, compared with a weak relationship with temperature and air pressure. Regional heavy air pollution always happened under the condition of low wind speed(less than 2 m·s -1 ),higher relative humidity(greater than 65%),and southwest and northeast wind direction. In addition, the heavy air pollution of PM 2.5 in BTH in autumn and winter can be effectively forecasted by NAQPMS, CMAQ, and CAMx. The predicted and measured PM 2.5 concentration showed a close relationship. The models performed well in forecasting Zhangjiakou, Chengde, and Qinhuangdao, but by contrast overestimated in Tangshan, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Beijing, and Tianjin. The uncertainty of emission sources, measured and predicted meteorological data, and the atmospheric chemical reaction mechanism may be the main reasons for the overestimate.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using computer-aided design(CAD) combined with 3D printing technology to repair and reconstruct the comminuted fracture of the posterior wall of acetabulum with osteochondral defect, to evaluate the biomechanical properties of composite titanium nitride bioceramic coatings with porous titanium alloy scaffolds and steel plate integrated implants., Methods: Based on CT images of continuous tomography, the computer-aided design software was used to construct a digital model of porous titanium alloy plate implant with a specially open cellular three-dimensional structure, and the three-dimensional implant was prepared with Ti6Vl4V powder by using the 3D printing technology, following by titanium nitride coating on its articular surface. The degree of matching and attachment between the implant and acetabulum were observed; Ansys software was used for finite element modeling to analyze the stress distribution, stress conduction and deformation displacement of the acetabulum of the normal group, the traditional group and the implant group under the same load state, and to verify the biomechanical properties of the implant., Results: The porous titanium alloy implant fit well with the acetabular bone defects, the shape of the plate was well attached to the bone surface, and it was rated as excellent according to the Matta criteria. The Von Mises stress peak of the implant group 13.38 MPa was close to the normal group 13.11 MPa and smaller than that in the traditional group 15.66 MPa. The Von Mises stress distribution and conduction of implant group were basically consistent with the normal group, slightly better than the traditional group; the maximum relative displacement of the implant was 0.166 mm, according to the finite element analysis., Conclusions: The porous titanium alloy stent plate implant with titanium nitride coating prepared by 3D technology has excellent matching degree and biomechanical properties; the anatomical reconstruction makes the stress distribution and conduction recovery well, close to normal hip joints, which provides a new option for the clinical treatment of comminuted posterior acetabular wall fractures with severe bone defects., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

To study the breeding system and pollination characteristics of Gleditsia sinensis, we observed the development of flower development and the processing of pollination, and determined the pollen viability and stigma acceptability by TTC and benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method and detected its breeding system using OCI value, P/O ratio and artificial pollination.The results showed that: ①G. sinensis are racemes, divided into bisexual inflorescences (only a small amount of inactive pollen) and male inflorescences (occasionally a few bisexual flowers), flowers hermaphrodite. ②Male flowers had the strongest pollen activity 4 h after flowering; the stigma receptivity of bisexual was the highest at 1 h after flowering, and pollination was the best in this time. ③The pollen tube had a few elongation when the bisexual flower is half-opened. The number of pollen tube and length significantly increased when blooming. The flower reaches the ovary and even enters the ovule to complete the fertilization. ④When the OCI=4 and P/O=11 684, it means that the breeding system was facultative, outcrossing, and requiring pollinators based on the results of the bagging experiment.There was parthenogenesis. ⑤The characteristics of saponin pollination were wind pollination and insect vector pollination, and pollinators were initially identified as Apis mellifera ligustica. All these results provides a theoretical and technical foundation for the new germplasm of G. sinensis., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Primary pollutants of air quality in Beijing, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, and Handan cities along the Taihang Mountains were analyzed to investigate their spatial distribution characteristics and temporal variation trends during 2014-2016. The results showed that the primary pollutants were ranked as PM 2.5 , O 3 -8h, NO 2 and PM 10 from most to least important in Beijing, and PM 2.5 , PM 10 , O 3 -8h, NO 2 , SO 2 and CO in the other four cities. Three-year average percentages of days with PM 2.5 as the primary pollutant in each city were similar (53.3%-58.1%), however, percentages of days with PM 10 as primary pollutant increased, while percentages of O 3 -8h decreased basically, from north to south. Except for Handan with a significant descending trend, percentages of days with PM 2.5 as primary pollutant varied slightly in the other four cities during the study period, and percentages of O 3 -8h of Shijiazhuang, Xingtai and Handan increased significantly in 2016. Percentages of NO 2 slightly declined year by year in Beijing, and the other four cities mainly showed the opposite trend. Monthly variation curves of days with PM 2.5 and O 3 -8h as primary pollutants showed "W" and "inverted U" types respectively, while the high value interval of days with PM 10 as primary pollutant occurred between March and May. With the exception of Beijing, peak of monthly variation curves for days with NO 2 as the primary pollutant was occurred in October in the other four cities. From "moderate" to "hazardous" levels for air quality, the percentages of days with PM 2.5 and/or PM 10 as primary pollutants increased level by level, with percentages of PM 10 trending downwards and PM 2.5 upwards. Meanwhile, days with O 3 -8h as the primary pollutant mostly appeared in the range between "moderate" and "unhealthy" levels, and NO 2 was only prominent in "moderate" level.

To study morphological characteristics change of the development process and quercetin and polyphenols of accumulation dynamic of the spines of Gleditsia sinensis, measure and compare morphological indexes using Vernier caliper, ruler and balance, calibrate and analysis quercetin and polyphenols content using HPLC and colorimetric method. The spines of G. sinensis development process is divided into formation period (the beginning of August to the beginning of November), dormant period (the beginning of November to the end of March in the following year), germination period (the end of March to the middle of April), fast growth period (the middle of April to the middle of August), browning period (the middle of August to the end of August) and mature period (the beginning of September to the end of December). Formation period the spines primordium divides and forms the scale bubs; dormant period the scale bubs are in a dormant state; germination period the bubs scales fall off, spines primordium began to development; fast growth period rapid growth to maximum; browning period browning from the tip and browns until the whole becomes brown; mature period The early stage of maturity is full of luster, gradually the color deepened and the luster faded. The accumulation of quercetin was gradually decreasing after increasing. The total polyphenol accumulation was significantly decreased and then gradually increased, decreased finally. The content of quercetin was increased from 0.000 4%-0.002 6%, and the polyphenol content decreased from 0.761 9%-0.049 1% and then slowly increased to 0.286 9% in the fast growth period.The quercetin continuous increase to 0.004 3% and total polyphenol increased to 0.421 6% in the browning period. In the mature period, the quercetin content significantly decreased after reaching 0.009 6% in September, and the polyphenols content decreased after reaching 0.723 5% in October. Using principal component analysis results: September first, October 2nd, November 3rd. The morphological characteristics change of the development process and quercetin and polyphenols accumulation were determined. The development process is divided into six periods, the best harvest time is the early stage of mature period. Provide theoretical support for the utilization of the spines of G. sinensis and cultivation techniques of high yield., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

PM 2.5 was simultaneously collected using a high-volume sampler at 4 h intervals from the mountainside and the foot of the mountain in the Mt. Huashan region, inland China, during the summer of 2016, and the samples were analyzed for inorganic ions, to investigate the chemical characteristics and vertical distribution of the fine particles in the region. The results showed that the concentrations of PM 2.5 were (46.9±38.2) μg·m -3 and (76.0±44.3) μg·m -3 on the mountainside and at the foot of Mt. Huashan, respectively. The concentrations of inorganic ions in PM 2.5 was higher at the foot of the mountain than on the mountainside, with the order of the mass concentrations of the major ionic species being SO 4 2- > NO 3 - > NH 4 + > Ca 2+ . Among all the inorganic ions, SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , and NH 4 + are the dominant species, accounting for 89% and 85% of the total, on the mountainside and at the foot, respectively. The fine particulate NH 4 + existed mostly in the forms of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 on the mountainside, and in the forms of NH 4 HSO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 at the foot of the mountain. Mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and its major components on the mountainside showed clear diurnal variations, with maximums between 12:00-16:00, mainly due to the transport of the pollutants from the ground surface by the planetary boundary layer height variation and the valley breeze. In contrast, the diurnal variations of PM 2.5 and its major components at the foot are characterized with two maxima, peaking between 08:00-12:00 in the daytime and 00:00-04:00 in the nighttime, respectively, mainly due to the increased emissions from both the morning rush-hour traffic and the nighttime on-road heavy-duty vehicles. Acidity of the fine particles was estimated by using the equivalent ratio of anions to cations and the thermodynamic equilibrium model ISORROPIA Ⅱ. Both methods showed that the acidity of PM 2.5 at the ground surface site is stronger than that on the mountainside in the Mt. Huashan region.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of paeoniflorin against PM2.5-induced damage in BEAS-2B cells and explore the possible mechanism., Methods: With a factorial design, this study was performed to observe the protective effects of different doses of paeoniflorin against PM2.5-induced BEAS-2B cell growth inhibition and the effects of paeoniflorin on the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell cultures., Results: Exposure to increased PM2.5 concentrations caused significant decrease in the cell survival rate (P<0.05) with a clear dose-response relationship (r=-0.759, P<0.05). Treatment of the cells with paeoniflorin significantly attenuated PM2.5-induced inhibition of BEAS-2B cell survival (P<0.05), but the effect of paeoniflorin was not dose-dependent (P>0.05). PM2.5 exposure also significantly increased the contents of MDA and intracellular ROS (P<0.05), and paeoniflorin obviously antagonized these effects of PM2.5., Conclusion: Paeoniflorin can protect BEAS-2B cells from PM2.5-induced growth inhibition, and the mechanism might be related to the anti-oxidant effects of paeoniflorin.

The accuracy of the calibration reference source polarization states directly influences the precision of the polarized optical remote sensor calibration, and thus affects the inversion accuracy of the characteristics of targets. In this paper, 870 nm horizontal linear polarized light has been chosen as the tested calibration reference light, modulated by rotating quarter-wave plate(QWP). The intensity as a Fourier series of the rotation angle of the plate and its coefficients were demodulated with the Fourier transform method, Stokes parameters can be calculated with these coefficients. The mean, standard deviation, composite uncertainty and relative deviation of measured data compared with the theoretical value of the ten measurement results were presented. In order to improve the accuracy of the measurement, the correction model for the quarter-wave plate retardance deviation Δδ, fast axis angle deviation Δα and the transmission axis alignment deviation Δβ of analyzing polarizer has been constructed. In this model, detection deviation of Stokes parameters is described as a function of Δδ and Δβ, Δδ and Δβ were determined by the function and magnitude of the deviation. Combined with quarter-wave plate fast axis angle deviation which was the result of simulation to adjust the experiment device, and then detecting the calibration reference source polarization states again. The experimental results show that, the difference between measured value and theoretical value of Stokes parameters reduced to less than 1.41% from 3.77% relative to without correction. The experiment principle, device and deviation correction model of this research can significantly improve the accuracy of detecting the polarization state of the calibration reference light source.

Objective: To breed new Rehmannia glutinosa varieties with best comprehensive properties., Methods: By space mutation of hybrid seeds of 85-5 and Beijing No. 1,after systemic breeding, Huaidi 81 with excellent comprehensive characters was screened. Fresh weight, benchmark composition content, resistance, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, photosynthetic characteristics of the new variety and the main cultivars were determined., Results: Per plant fresh weight of Huaidi 81 was higher than those five main varieties and there was extremely significant difference between Huaidi 81 and other varieties,the yield of Huaidi 81( 82 353 kg / hm2) was29. 7% higher than that 5 main varieties. The catalpol content of different Rehmannia glutinosa varieties ranked in the order as follows, Beijing No. 3( 1. 601%) > Qinhuai( 1. 588%) > Huaidi 81( 1. 314%) > Godden nine > 85-5( 1. 073%) > Huaifeng( 0. 924%),the catalpol content of Huaidi 81 was in the middle, and there was no significant difference between Huaidi 81 and Godden nine,but extremely significant difference from other varieties. The acteoside content of different Rehmannia glutinosa varieties ranked in the order as follows,Huaidi 81( 0. 096%) > Qin Huai( 0. 069%) > 85-5( 0. 047%) > Beijing No. 3( 0. 035%) > Huaifeng( 0. 023%) > Golden nine( 0. 022%),the content of acteoside of Huaidi 81 was higher than those five main varieties, and there was extremely significant difference between Huaidi 81 and other varieties. Huaidi 81 had high resistance to Septoris digitalis, and had middle resistance to leaf ring rot, which indicated that Huaidi 81 had good resistance to leaf disease. Huaidi 81 with the highest chlorophyll content and moderate anthocyanin content, and had the highest photosynthetic rate., Conclusion: The new variety Huaidi 81 with best comprehensive properties is suitable for popularizing as a new Rehmannia glutinosa variety.

Pb(Ⅱ) Ion Imprinted Magnetic Composite Adsorbent (Pb(Ⅱ)-MICA) was prepared for the quick separation of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by bulk polymenrization with chitosan as the functional monomer, the magnetic iron oxide nano-particles as carrier and epichlorohydrin as the cross-link agent. The Pb(Ⅱ)-MICA and MNICA were characterized by FTIR. The Effects of the adsorption process including pH, contact time, initial concentration and temperature were investigated by FAAS. It was found that with the increasing of PH value, the adsorption capacity of Pb(Ⅱ)-MICA for Pb(Ⅱ) reached the peak in the range of pH 5.0～6.0. The maximum adsorption capacity was 32.48 mg·g-1 when the adsorption time was up to 120 min. The relative selectivity coefficient of Pb(Ⅱ) and other metal ion on Pb(Ⅱ) -MICA were 28.11, 91.14, 76.54, 33.06 times compared with MNICA. The results show that the Pb(Ⅱ)-MICA displayed strong affinity for Pb(Ⅱ) in the solution and exhibited selectivity for Pb(Ⅱ) ion in the presence of Cu2+，Cd2+，Ni2+ and Zn2+. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm models were fit to the adsorption equilibrium data well (r2=1, the saturation adsorption capacities were 33.87 mg·g-1). The adsorption dynamics and thermodynamics of Pb(Ⅱ) -MICA for Pb(Ⅱ) were investigated, the results indicated a Langmuir mono-layer mode process of Pb(Ⅱ) on the Pb(Ⅱ)-MICA was dominated by chemical action. An exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process of Pb(Ⅱ) on the Pb(Ⅱ)-MICA was driven by enthalpy.

The correlated photon technique makes it possible to achieve a radiation calibration processing without chain transferring. The study of the spectral radiation character and time correlation of the photon is of great significance for broad-band radiometric calibration. To absolutely calibrate quantum efficiency of photoelectric detector, it is necessary to extend calibration band from single band to more bands. According to the phase-matching condition of the spontaneous parametric down-conversion, non-collinear angle formula of correlated photon in the crystal is derived. The distribution of the photon spectrum is simulated. Meanwhile, the phase-matching angle of the crystal is optimized. The photon generated by the spontaneous parameters down-conversion has a broad spectral distribution and the correlated photon wavelength is corresponding to its emission angle. Based on the result of the simulation, the experimental measurement system of the spectral distribution and time-correlation of the correlated photon is established. The spectral distribution, the time-correlation and the polarization properties of the four pair photon were measured by using this system. The experimental results show that, (1) the spectral distribution of the measurements is 633~808 nm, where the maximum spectral distribution measurement bias is 1.51 mm. The experiment result is highly consistent with theoretical ones; (2) the correlation time of four pairs correlated photon is measured, during which “three coincidence-peaks” is observed and the minimum correlation time was 0.32 ns; (3) single photon count rate along with coincidence count rate of correlated photon vary with the polarization direction of the pump as sine function. The experimental result is shown that the correlated photon pairs are ranging from the visible to near infrared band distribution, and that the spectrum has time-correlation and polarization characteristic. The research result is firstly reported at home and abroad, and the results are promising for the application of the photoelectric detector in the multi-band radiometric calibration.

Objective: To breeding the new varieties Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun with the best comprehensive properties., Methods: Seven new Dioscorea opposita. cv. Tiegun cultivars were screened by space mutation breeding of Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun bulbils. Yield,allantoin content,water soluble extractive and the resistance of these seven cultivars were compared with the main cultivar Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun( CK). Meanwhile, the nutrition quality of new cultivars No. 6 and No. 10 were compared with the main cultivar., Results: (1) The fresh weight per plant ranked in the order as follows: No. 6 > No. 10 > No. 4 > No. 9 > No. 1 > CK > No. 2 > No. 8. The drying rate ranked in the order as follows: No. 2 > No. 10 > No. 9 > No. 6 > No. 8 > CK > No. 1 > No. 4. Dry weight per plant ranked in the order as follows: No. 10 > No. 9 > No. 6 > No. 2 > No. 1 > CK > No. 4 > No. 8. The fresh weight per plant, drying rate and dry weight per plant of No. 6 and No. 10 were higher than the main cultivar. (2) The allantoin content ranked in the order as follows: No. 6 > No. 4 > No. 10 > CK > No. 9 > No. 8 > No. 2 > No. 1. (3) The water soluble extractive contents ranked in the order as follows: No. 6 > No. 2 > No. 4 > No. 10 > No. 1 > CK > No. 9 > No. 8. The water soluble extractive content of No. 6 was higher than No. 10 and the main cultivar. (4) No. 10 had the best taste of dry, soft, sweet and fragrant, No. 6 had the taste of dry, floury and hard, and No. 9 had the taste of dry and crisp. (5) No. 6 had the strongest resistance to Gloeosporium pestis and Cykindrosporium dioscoreae; No. 10 had a middle resistance to Gloeosporium pestis and a strong resistance to Cykindrosporium dioscoreae; and the main cultivar had a middle degree of being prone to Gloeosporium pestis and a middle resistance to Cykindrosporium dioscoreae. (6) The content of starch, reducing sugar, protein and ash in No. 6 and No. 10 were higher than that of the main cultivar,while the content of water in No. 6 and No. 10 were lower,which indicated that the nutrition quality of No. 6 and No. 10 is better than the main cultivar., Conclusion: The new cultivar No. 10 is suitable for popularizing as a new variety of edible Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun. The new cultivar No. 6 is suitable for popularizing as a new variety of medicinal Dioscorea opposita cv. Tiegun.

Objective: To observe the effect of Cornus Officinalis total glycosides (COTG) and Cornus polysaccharides (CP) on myocardial mitochondria and expression levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats., Methods: The AMI rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery. Rats were divided into 5 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the sham-operation group, the model group, the COTG prevention group, the CP treatment group, the COTG treatment group, 12 in each group. Normal saline was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group by gastrogavage. Corresponding medication was respectively administered to rats in the rest 3 groups by gastrogavage. The cardiac function was detected by echocardiography and hemodynamics. The infarct size was determined by Masson trichrome staining. The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes such as a subunit of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α), PGC-1β, nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), and GSK-3P mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR., Results: Compared with the sham-operation group, the myocardial infarction size increased, cardiac function decreased, the expression of PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and NRF-1 mRNA decreased, and the expression of GSK-3β mRNA increased (all P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, myocardial infarction sizes were reduced, cardiac function was improved, the expression of NRF-1 mRNA was elevated in the COTG prevention group, the CP treatment group, the COTG treatment group; the expression of the PGC-1α and PGC-1β mRNA was elevated in the COTG prevention group and the CP treatment group; the expression of GSK-3β mRNA was reduced in the CP treatment group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the CP prevention group, fractional shortening (FS) and aortic systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased in the CP treatment group; ejection fraction (EF) decreased in the CP treatment group; the expression of PGC-1α, PGC-1β, NRF-1 mRNA were reduced in the the CP treatment group and the COTG treatment group; the expression of GSK-3β mRNA decreased in the CP treatment group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the COTG treatment group, FS, EF, left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP), SBP, and the expression of GSK-3β mRNA were reduced in the CP treatment group (P <0. 05)., Conclusions: COTG and CP could improve cardiac function, reduce the myocardial infarction area, and promote biogenesis of myocardial mitochondria. Their protective effects on the mitochondria of cadiocytes might be achieved by GSK-3β signalina pathway.

Objective: To investigate the clinical outcomes of semicircular decompression in treating old thoracolumbar fractures and intractable neuropathic pain., Methods: From September 2009 to September 2013, 21 patients with old thoracolumbar fracture and intractable neuropathic pain were treated with semicircular decompression. Among initial surgery, posterior pedicle screw fixation was used in these patients, with or without laminectomy. All patients were male, range in age from 20 to 28 years old with an average of (25.00±2.38) years. Vertebral body residual bone block resulted in intra-spinal placeholder more than 50%. All patients were complete spinal cord injury (ASIA grade) or cauda equina injury. VAS scores was from 6 to 10 points with the mean of 7.14±0.91. In these patients, MRI, CT, X-rays were performed; denomination and dosage of analgesics were recorded; nerve function and pain status were respectively evaluated by ASIA grade and VAS score before and after operation., Results: All patients were followed up from 8 to 32 months with an average of (17.29±6.02) months. All bone fragments of spinal canal were removed and spinal cord decompressions were achieved. At final follow-up, VAS scores were from 0 to 8 points with an average of (2.43±2.46) points, and were obviously reduced than peroperative data (P<0.05). Eleven cases of them stopped analgesic intake and 7 cases reduced using. Three patients' symptoms and VAS scores were not improved., Conclusion: Old thoracolumbar fractures and intractable neuropathic pain need receive imaging examination as soon as possible and consider semicircular decompression therapy if bone fragments were in vertebral canal and spinal canal stenosis existed. This therapy can effectively relieve pain and profit nerve functional recovery.

Objective: To compare BFA (busulfan, fludarabine plus cytarabine) with BuCyA (busulfan, cyclophoshpamide plus cytarabine) as the conditioning regimens in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemias., Methods: 83 patients with acute leukemia were allocated to BFA group (busulfan 3.2 mg/(kg x d), -9 d-6 d; fludarabine 30 mg/(m2 x d), -5 d(-) -1 d; cytarabine, 1 g/(m2 x d), -5 d(-) - 1 d) or BuCyA group (busulfan, 3.2 mg/(kg x d), -8 d(-) - 5 d; cyclophoshpamide 60 mg/(kg x d),-2 d(-) - 1 d; cytarabine, 3 g/(m2 x d), -4 d(-) - 3 d). Their three-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate, complete remission (CR) rate and incidences of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) and hemorrhagic cystitis were monitored., Results: BuCyA group had lower DFS (40.0% vs 61.9%, P = 0.039 9) and lower CR (44.0% vs 71.6%, P = 0.031 0) than BFA group. About 20% of patients treated with BuCyA were not in remission, compared with 51.6% of those treated with BFA. aGVHD occurred in 46.7% patients in the BuCyA group and 50.9% patients in the BFA group, which were 23.3% and 9.4%, respectively, for those graded III - IV. Severe infection occurred in 23.3% patients in the BuCyA group and 22.9% patients in the BFA group. Severe bleeding occurred in 26.7% patients in the BuCyA group and 11.4% patients in the BFA group. The incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis in the BuCyA group and BFA group was 16.7% and 5.7%, respectively., Conclusion: BFA is a safer and more effective conditioning regimen compared with BuCyA.

High-volume PM2.5 samples were collected hourly from 4 December to 13 December 2012 at an urban site in Xi'an and analyzed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN), water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) and inorganic ions to investigate the sources and formation mechanism of WSON. The results showed that during the sampling period the averaged hourly concentration of WSON was (12 +/- 9.4) microg x m(-3) and maximized at 31 microg x m(-3), accounting for 47% +/- 9.8% of WSTN with NH4(+) -N and NO3(-) -N being 29% +/- 8.5% and 23% +/- 8.1%, respectively. WSON: WSOC (N: C) mass ratios ranged from 0.04 to 0.65 with an average of 0.31 +/- 0.13 during the observation period. WSON was (1.6 +/- 0.9) microg x m(-3), (6.5 +/- 3.9) microg x m(-3) and (23 +/- 4.7) microg x m(-3) in non-haze days (visibility > 10 km), light haze days (5 km < visibility < 10 km) and heavy haze days (visibility < 5 km), respectively. WSOC/OC mass ratio throughout the observation period showed no significant change, but WSON/WSOC(N: C) mass ratio increased significantly from a lower value of 0.2 +/- 0.1 in non-haze days to 0.3 +/- 0.1 on light haze days and 0.4 +/- 0.1 on heavy haze days, in consistence with the enhanced acidity of the fine particles. In addition, during the whole sampling period, WSON was strongly correlated with NH4(+), SO4(2-) and NO3(-) (R2 > 0.80), and negatively correlated with cation-anion equivalent ratio (R2 = 0.53). These phenomena can be mainly ascribed to a gas-particle conversion of gaseous water-soluble nitrogen-containing organic compounds like amines via acid-base reactions, which was sharply increased under the favorable meteorological conditions (e.g., low temperature and high humidity) during the heavy haze days.

The index components contents of different time and different stubbles in honeysuckle were measured by HPLC, and were analysis by using the method of SPSS. Results showed that the content of index ingredients of different time had differences, and firstly decreased, then increased with time. The content of index ingredients of different stubbles had significantly differences, and firstly decreased, then increased with time. The chlorogenic acid contents were 2.059%-3.593%. The luteolosid contents were 0.110%-0.171%. Results indicated that the best picking buds time is before seven o'clock in the morning and evening at before and after seven o'clock, the index component content is higher. Picking buds in spring and at autumn index component content is higher; Picking buds in summer index component content is low. The experiment provides theoretical support for quality control in the whole process of the honeysuckle harvested and comprehensive utilization of honeysuckle.

Based on the principles from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States, an analysis was conducted to study the form of 24-hour standard of particulate matter in China by methods of statistical regression, proportional rollback and controlling contrast maps, using the monitoring data of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) from 120 cities in China during year 2005 to 2012. It was found that for cities in China, when the annual arithmetic mean of PM10 was equal to the national standard, the non-exceedance rates of daily average PM10 in most cities were higher than 95.0% , and the average rate for all cities was 97.1%. The average non-exceedance rate was 96.3% for cities in North China and Northwest China, 96.6% for Northeast China, 97.2% for East China and Central South China, and 98.1% for Southwest China. When the 97th percentile was chosen as the form of 24-hour standard of particulate matter for China, the 24-hour standard had an equal controlling strength with the annual standard. The 24-hour standard will become the controlling standard when larger percentiles were chosen, otherwise the contrary. By considering together the statistical characteristics of PM10 level in China, the robustness of the percentiles and protection of human health, the 95th percentile was suitable as the preferred form of the 24-hour standard of PM10 and PM2.5 in China.

Objective: Polyethylene glycol/bone morphogenetic protein-2 (PEG/BMP-2) nanoparticles were transfected into Rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and the expression of BMP-2 was detected., Methods: Dissociated rBMSCs were primarily cultured in vitro and BMP-2 gene was transfected into rBMSCs by PEG/BMP-2 nanoparticals and lipofectamine, respectively. The efficiency of transfection was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of BMP-2 was detected by Western Blot and real time RT-PCR., Results: PEG/BMP-2 nanoparticals were successfully synthesized and transfected into rBMSCs. Compared with the lipofectamine transfection group, PEG/BMP-2 transfection group had higher efficiency and higher BMP-2 expression., Conclusion: PEG/BMP-2 nanoparticals transfected rBMSCs highly expressed BMP-2,which provided novel strategies for the treatment of bone defect.

Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated in an automotive coating manufacturing enterprise. Air samples were taken from eight different manufacturing areas in three workshops, and the species of VOCs and their concentrations were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Safety evaluation was also conducted by comparing the concentration of VOCs with the permissible concentration-short term exposure limit (PC-STEL) regulated by the Ministry of Health. The results showed that fifteen VOCs were detected in the indoor air of the automotive coatings workshop, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, trimethylbenzene and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, Their concentrations widely ranged from 0.51 to 593.14 mg x m(-3). The concentrations of TVOCs were significantly different among different manufacturing processes. Even in the same manufacturing process, the concentrations of each component measured at different times were also greatly different. The predominant VOCs of indoor air in the workshop were identified to be ethylbenzene and butyl acetate. The concentrations of most VOCs exceeded the occupational exposure limits, so the corresponding control measures should be taken to protect the health of the workers.

The pre-acclimated microbial consortium and the activated sludge were used as start inoculums of a bench-scale biotrickling filter (BTF). The performance of the biotrickling filter on the removal of BTEX mixture was evaluated, and the changes in the bacterial community structure of the BTF were analyzed by PCR-DGGE technique. The results showed that the BTF could be acclimated within a short time, the biomass that adhered to the surface of packing materials increased rapidly from 5.7 mg x g(-1) at 10th day to 112 mg x g(-1) at 30th day. BTF could simultaneously remove all components of the BTEX mixture efficiently. The maximum removal capacity of the BTF was 216.6 g x (m3 x h)(-1), which was achieved with an inlet loading rate of 269.7 g x (m3 x h)(-1) and an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 39 s. DGGE analysis indicated that the dominant microorganisms may be derived from the pre-acclimated microbial consortiums rather than the activated sludge. Although the bacterial community changed with run time, the spatial distribution was very uniform.

In the present paper, a new calibration method of absolute spectral irradiance responsivity of sun channel of sun photometer was developed. A tunable laser was used as source and a standard tranfer detector, calibrated against cryogenic absolute radiometer, was used to measure laser beam power. By raster scanning of a single collimated laser beam to generate the uniform irradiance field at the plane of effective aperture stop of sun photometer, the absolute irradiance responsivity of center wavelength of the 870 nm unpolarized sun channels of sun photometer was obtained accurately. The relative spectral irradiance responsivity of corresponding channel was obtained by using lamp-monochromator system and then used to acquire the absolute spectral irradiance responsivity in the laboratory. On the basis of the above results, the top-of-the-atmosphere responsive constant V0 was obtained by integration with extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance data. Comparing the calibration result with that from GSFC, NASA in 2009, the difference is only 3.75%. In the last, the uncertainties of calibration were evaluated and reached to 2.06%. The principle feasibility of the new method was validated.

Objective: To understand the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region., Methods: 294 participants who were infected by HIV-1 in 2008 - 2009 and residing in 13 cities in Guangxi were enrolled into this study. Epidemiological information showed that heterosexual transmission was the main transmitting route. 1584 bp full length gag gene, 3147 bp full length pol gene and 558 bp env (C2V3) fragments were amplified by using RT-PCR and then directly sequenced. NCBI genotyping tool and Mega 5.03 software were used to determine the HIV subtypes. Simplot and Recombinant HIV-1 Drawing Tool were used for the analysis of recombination., Results: A total of 739 sequences, including 270 gag, 246 pol and 223 env (C2V3), were successfully obtained from 294 plasma specimens. Genotypes of HIV from 272 participants were determined. CRF01&#95;AE was found the dominant (77.6%), followed by CRF08&#95;BC (10.7%) and CRF07&#95;BC (7.4%). 7 unique recombinant forms, 4 subtype B (B') and 1 subtype G were also identified. No significant difference on the distribution of subtypes among different regions and ethnics was found. Among the 7 unknown recombinant forms, 6 strains were mosaic B and/or C fragments with CRF01&#95;AE genome as the backbone, while one strain originated from CRF07&#95;BC and CRF08&#95;BC., Conclusion: Currently, CRF01&#95;AE was found the major subtype of HIV epidemic in Guangxi. New recombinant forms with CRF01&#95;AE as backbones had been emerging, which called for serious attention.

Objective: To explore the changes of bowel function in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients undergoing sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty., Methods: From September 2005 to January 2011, 30 SCI patients undergoing sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty were surveyed by follow-up questionnaires at Beijing Charity hospital and Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University., Results: Among them, 18 cases (60.0%) believed their defecation became softer and 18 cases (60.0%) thought their defecation time became shorter. The postoperative profiles of patient defecation traits and defecation time were better (P < 0.05), especially traumatic SCI patients (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The subtotal resection of sigmoid colon improves the defecation of spinal cord injury patients. The SCI patients undergoing sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty may avoid urinary tract dysfunctions and improve bowel dysfunction.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of linezolid in the treatment of post-neurosurgical intracranial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) infection., Methods: The data from 14 patients, admitted to neurological intensive care unit (ICU) of Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces between March 2009 and November 2011, were retrospectively analyzed. All these cases suffered from post-neurosurgical intracranial infection by MRS and received linezolid treatment. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected before and 7 days and 14 days after treatment for routine and bacteriological examinations to assess clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of linezolid., Results: After 14-day treatment with linezolid, the clinical and laboratory parameters showed significant improvement: glucose (mmol/L) in CSF rose from 1.00 (0.65) to 3.15 (1.60), protein (mg/L) in CSF dropped from 2238.50 (2072.50) to 606.50 (217.30), white blood cell count [×10⁶/L] in CSF fell from 920.00 (1587.50) to 30.00 (40.00), and the number of patients with CSF neutrophil ratio>0.20 was reduced from 14 to 1 (all P < 0.01). In addition, serum procalcitonin level (μg/L) was significantly reduced from 0.65 (1.16) to 0.08 (0.09) after linezolid therapy (P < 0.01). Total effective rate was 85.7% (12/14), and CSF bacterial clearance rate reached 100%. No adverse events were found during the treatment., Conclusion: Linezolid could effectively control post--neurosurgical intracranial MRS infection and alleviate the inflammatory responses with safety.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous panipenem-betamipron in the treatment of hematological malignancies infections., Methods: From October 2009 to December 2010, a total of 286 hematological malignancy infection patients were recruited into this open-label, perspective and multicenter clinical trial to receive an intravenous daily dose panipenem-betamipron of 0.5 g every 6 or 8 hours for 7 - 14 days. All clinical change and adverse reactions were recorded., Results: The total effective rate of panipenem-betamipron in the treatment of hematological malignancy infections was 86.6% (206/238). The effective rates of septicemia, pulmonary infections, urinary tract infections, digestive canal infections, oral infections and other infections were 68.2% (15/22), 89.3% (100/112), 77.8% (14/18), 100% (22/22), 83.3% (10/12) and 86.5% (45/52) respectively. The overall bacterial eradication rate was 85.07% (57/67) and the rate of adverse reactions 5.9% (17/286)., Conclusion: Panipenem-betamipron is both safe and effective in the treatment of hematological malignancy infections.

Objective: To explore clinical outcomes of patients undergoing emergent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) following failed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the stent era., Methods: Eleven patients who underwent emergent CABG following failed PCI from January, 2002 to December 2010 were enrolled. The in-hospital follow-up included cardiac deaths, Q-wave myocardial infarction, kidney failure, and cerebrovascular events. The clinical end-point of out-hospital follow-up was the major adverse cardiac events including death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization., Results: The patients were (61 ± 5) years old. Coronary angiography showed 5 patients had triple vessel lesions. There were 9 target lesions on left anterior descending artery. There were 3 (27.3%) severe calcified, 4 (36.4%) chronic total occlusion, and 4 (36.4%) diffused long lesions. Reasons for emergent CABG were dissection (n = 5, 45.5%), perforation (n = 3, 27.3%), failure to sufficient predilation (n = 1, 9.1%), acute closure (n = 1, 9.1%) and stent loss (n = 1, 9.1%). The average duration of follow-up was (47 ± 33) months. During in-hospital follow-up, there were 1 (9.1%) cardiac death and 2 (18.2%) Q wave myocardial infarction. During follow-up after hospital discharge, 1 patient (9.1%) died of kidney failure, and there was no rehospitalization due to cardiac events., Conclusions: Emergent CABG after failed PCI often happened in patients with complex coronary lesions. The long term outcome of patients requiring emergent CABG after failed PCI was favorable in this cohort.

Objective: To study the method for establishing a quantization diagnostic standard for immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy of qi-yin deficiency syndrome (QYDS)., Methods: 1,016 patients with primary IgA nephropathy were recruited in this study. They were randomly assigned to the training sample group (344 cases of QYDS and 456 cases of non-QYDS) and the testing sample group (77 cases of QYDS and 139 cases of non-QYDS) using SPSS software. On the basis of epidemiological survey, the typing standards for QYDS and common clinical symptoms were taken as candidate correlated factors. The correlated factors were selected using binary Logistic stepwise regression. The correlated factors were scored using conditional probability conversion method. The threshold value of the quantization diagnostics was determined using maximum likelihood method. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to calculate the area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rating. The retrospective and prospective tests were performed on the established quantization diagnostic standard for QYDS., Results: The quantization diagnosis threshold value of IgA nephropathy of QYDS was 12 points. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rating of the quantization diagnostic standard were 75.3%, 68.0%, and 71.1% in the retrospective test, as well as 60.4%, 84.4%, and 69.0% in the prospective tests. The AUC was 0.80 and 0.78 respectively., Conclusions: It was a feasible method to set up a quantization diagnostic standard for IgA nephropathy of QYDS by taking the occurrence frequency of symptoms. But this method failed to cover the strength information of symptoms.

Objective: To investigate the impact of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 681G > A polymorphism on long-term prognosis of clopidogrel-treated Chinese patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Methods: Between January 1, 2009 and August 31,2009, 267 patients with coronary heart disease who received PCI and treated with clopidogrel for 12 months were enrolled. CYP2C19 * 2 was detected by MALDI-TOF MS and patients were grouped into CYP2C19 * 1/ * 1 (n = 130) and CYP2C19 * 2 carriers group (n = 137). Follow-up was 12 months. The primary endpoint was angina recurrence, urgent coronary revascularization, acute myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, death and the combined end points., Results: Baseline data were similar between two groups (P > 0.05). Urgent coronary revascularization and the combined end points occurred more frequently in CYP2C19 * 2 carriers than in CYP2C19 * 1/* 1 patients (7.3% vs. 1.5% and 8.0% vs. 2.3% respectively, all P < 0.05). But incidence of angina recurrence, acute myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and death was similar between two groups (all P > 0.05). Hazard risk of 1 year cumulative survival of CYP2C19 * 2 carriers group was significantly higher than CYP2C19 * 1/ * 1 group after PCI ( HR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.02 - 12.87, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: CYP2C19 681G > A polymorphism is a determinant of prognosis in coronary heart disease patients receiving chronic clopidogrel treatment after PCI.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in-hospital clinical outcome of patients with coronary artery disease who underwent transradial intervention (TRI) and analyze the predictors of clinical outcome., Methods: From May 2004 to May 2009, there were 16 281 patients who underwent transradial intervention, as well as 5388 patients who underwent transfemoral intervention (TFI) at our institution. The clinical characteristics, procedural characteristics, and in-hospital clinical adverse events were compared between TRI and TFI groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (composite of death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization) of TRI., Results: The annulations time was significantly longer for TRI than TFI (P < 0.01), fluoroscopy time, amount of contrast agent and procedural success rate (95.5% for TRI and 96.2% for TFI) were similar between the two groups. However, the rates of vascular complications (0.1% for TRI group and 1.3% for TFI group, P < 0.01), incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (1.6% vs. 3.8%, P < 0.01) and in-hospital death (0.2% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.01) were all significantly lower in TRI group compared with TFI group. The following characteristics were identified as independent multivariate predictors of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events of TRI: age ≥ 65 (OR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.50 - 2.61, P < 0.01), prior myocardial infarction (OR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.63 - 2.82, P < 0.01), use of drug-eluting stent (DES) (OR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.47 - 0.98, P = 0.04), dissection during procedure (OR: 4.08, 95%CI: 2.28 - 7.33, P < 0.01), left main lesion (OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.09 - 4.13, P = 0.03), number of implanted stents (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.09 - 1.43, P < 0.01), and total stented length (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00 - 1.02, P = 0.03)., Conclusions: In this large single-centre patient cohort, the transradial intervention is superior to transfemoral intervention in terms of in-hospital safety and efficacy. Age ≥ 65, prior myocardial infarction, use of DES, dissection during procedure, left main lesion, number of implanted stents and total stented length were identified as independent multivariate predictors of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events of TRI.

Objective: To investigate the effects on HIF-1α expression of rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) by dynamic compression plus IGF-1 gene transfection and explore the mechanism of promoting chondrogenesis by HIF-1α., Methods: The ADSCs were harvested after the digestion of typeIcollagenase and transfection with pcDNA3.1-IGF-1. And then the cells were seeded onto chitosan/gelatin scaffolds with a density of 5 × 10(7) cells/ml and divided into groups: Group A (control), non-transfected ADSCs; Group B (IGF-1), hIGF-1 gene transfected ADSCs; Group C (loading), untransfected ADSCs with stimulation of compressive loading; Group D (loading + IGF-1), hIGF-1 gene transfected ADSCs and loading stimulation. The dynamic compression was carried out with a bio-reactor at a frequency of 0.1 Hz and a sinusoidal strain amplitude of 2% (2% at 0.1 Hz). The dynamic load was performed every 20 minutes, 4 hours daily. After 7 days, morphological observation was performed. The MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Meanwhile the CM-DiI cell-labeling solution was used to observe the distribution of cells. The total amount of GAG and the expression of related genes of IGF-1, HIF-1α, type II collagen (COL II) and Sox-9 were quantified., Results: The best morphology was found in loading+ IGF-1 group. The results of proliferating capacity were: Group A < C < B < D (P < 0.01); Dil fluorescence showed that the cells were well-distributed in Group D. Meanwhile, the content of total GAG and the expression of related genes demonstrated: Group A < C < B < D (P < 0.01). And the combined effect was more significant than either alone., Conclusion: In three-dimensional culture conditions, dynamic compression plus IGF-1 transfection can significantly enhance the level of autocrine IGF-1. Both of two experimental intervention factors can significantly up-regulate the mRNA level of HIF-1α. And they exert a synergistic effect. HIF-1α plays an important role in promoting the chondrogenesis and the synthesis and secretion of extra-cellular matrix.