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Objective To investigate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of patients with osteoporosis in Xi'an. Methods Four hundred and forty osteoporotic patients were randomly selected from December in 2012 to November in 2013 in Xian. Fasting blood samples were collected. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was determined using electrochemiluminescence (Rocher, Swiss). These patients were divided in the winter-spring group (from December 2012 to May 2013) and summer-autumn group (from June 2013 to November 2013). The data were analyzed using a SPSS13. 0 software. Results Four hundred and forty osteoporotic patients were investigated, in which female patients were much more than male ones. Vitamin D inadequacy existed generally in osteoporotic patients. Among them, vitamin D deficiency and critical deficiency were in a greater ratio. There was no statistic difference in the level of vitamin D between the male and the female. Vitamin D level in osteoporotic patients in winter-spring group was lower than that in patients, in summer-autumn group. Conclusion The study shows that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in osteoporotic patients in Xi'an was common. No difference exists between males and females. The vitamin D level is associated with the change of the season. This study provides certain reference for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to develop a semi-quantitative immunochromatographic method for rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies by expressing HN protein in rice endosperm bioreactor. The recombinant plasmid pUC57-HN was digested by Mly Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ to retrieve the HN gene, while the intermediate vector pMP3 containing promoter, signal peptide and terminator was digested by Nae Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ. The HN gene and the linearized pMP3 were purified and ligated to form a recombinant plasmid pMP3-HN1. Subsequently, pMP3-HN1 and plant vector pCAMBIA1300 were digested by Eco RⅠ and Hin d Ⅲ, and the HN1 gene was cloned into pCAMBIA1300. The recombinant plasmid pCAMBIA1300-HN1 was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 by electrotransformation, and the pCAMBIA1300-HN1 was transferred into rice callus by agrobacterium-mediated method. After dark culture, callus screening, differentiation, rooting and transplanting, transgenic rice seeds were obtained 4 months later. PCR identified that the HN gene has been inserted into the rice genome. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting indicated that the HN protein was successfully expressed in the positive rice endosperm. The purity of the HN protein was more than 90% by SP cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. According to the national standards for the diagnostic techniques of Newcastle disease HI test (HI≥4log 2 , positive antibody reaction), a colloidal gold labeled purified HN protein was used to prepare a semi-quantitative test strip by double-antibody sandwich method for rapid detection of NDV antibody. The results showed that the test strip did not cross-react with positive sera against other viruses, and the sensitivity of the test strip reached 1:102 400 for standard positive sera of Newcastle disease. Testing of a total of 308 clinical sera showed that the compliance rate of the test strip with HI test was 97.08%, and the Kappa value was 0.942. In conclusion, high purity recombinant HN protein was obtained from rice endosperm, and a simple, rapid, highly sensitive and highly specific semi-quantitative immunochromatographic strip was developed. The test strip could be used for immune evaluation of the Newcastle disease vaccine.