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[Objective] The proper shading rate and timing for Capsicum chinense Jacq. cultivation in tropical area were explored to provide references for its production in Hainan Province. % Method ] Four shading rates of 30% (T3), 50 % (T5), 70% (T7) and 90% (T9) were set with no shading as the control to explore effects of different shading rate on Capsicum chinense Jacq. seedlings in summer and autumn in tropical area based on the analysis on morphological indexes, seedling index, chlorophyll content, soluble protein and Fv/Fm. [Result]The results showed that morphological indexes, seedling index, chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm declined with increased shading rate. Pn was the biggest in T3 during peak time of photosynthesis, demonstrating an inhibitory effect in photosynthesis caused by excessive or less PPFD. Plant height, stem diameter, photosynthetic product, seedling index, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar and Fv/Fm in CK were significantly higher than those in T5, T7 and T9 (P<0.05,the same hereinafter). Relative permeability of plasma in T5, T7, T9 and CK was significantly higher than that in T3 while proline was significantly lower in T5, T7, T9 and CK than that in T3. [Conclusion]A shading net with shading rate of 30% is recommended at noon to alleviate high light intensity damage in Capsicum chinense Jacq. and cultivate vigorous seedlings in summer and autumn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to protect ecological environment in Shendong Mining Area, taking wild artemisia sphaerocephala in Bulianta Mining Area as an example, the paper analyzed the effects of coal mining on the roots growth of different specifications artemisia sphaerocephala and its self-repairing ability by CI-600 plant roots monitoring system. The results showed that coal mining would affect the roots growth of artemisia sphaerocephala. During initial coal mining period, roots growth indicators of three kinds of different specifications artemisia sphaerocephala were in a reduced stage. After four months, when the coal mining subsidence area had tend to stable, the roots growth of artemisia sphaerocephala started to resume. After one year, the effect of coal mining on roots growth of artemisia sphaerocephala disappeared. The roots of three kinds of different specifications artemisia sphaerocephala all had self-repairing ability, the recovery speed of moderate artemisia sphaerocephala from large to small was medium, small, big artemisia sphaerocephala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of previous wind tunnel testing have shown that the span-wise correlation of the buffeting force on bridge deck is greater than that of the turbulent components. Due to the limitation of wind tunnel size and model scale, above-mentioned results were usually obtained for smaller separation along the span and the turbulent flow was generated by passive method. In order to study of the span-wise correlation of the buffeting force with large separation and different turbulent flow field, thorouphty lift buffeting force is taken for instance in this paper. Theoretical analysis method is employed to establish a reasonable mathematic model, and then the difference of the span-wise correlation between buffeting force and wind fluctuations was investigated by means of the wind spectra simkulation in wind tunnel and in natural atmosphere, respectively. The buffeting force that better correlated span-wise than the wind fluctuations applies only to certain interval in turbulent flow simulated in wind tunnel, while as in the natural atmospheric turbulent field, the correlation of buffeting force is between the longitudinal and vertical oncoming flow fluctuations. Finally, the empirical coherence function proposed by Davenport is employed to verify the validity of the analysis method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To resolve the key environmental problems in coal mine areas of environmental phytoremediation, symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Amorpha fruticosa was investigated. Effects of AMF on the root growth of Amorpha fruticosa and degenerated soil in coal mining subsidence area were studied. Results showed that after 5 months inoculation, AMF improved the shoot and root growth of Amorpha fruticosa. After inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) for 5 months, the inoculation significantly increased root colonization of Amorpha fruticosa. Total glomalin and easily extractable glomalin were increased significantly in the incubated soil. The content of phosphorus and organic matter were increased in the rhizosphere soil. Population of microorganism increased obviously. All the above results show that their ecological effects are significantly improved. AM would promote rhizosphere soil that will help the sustainability of ecological systems in mining area. It is really of great significance to keep the ecological system stability.

An optical monitoring method is proposed for the rapid, non destructive measurements of chlorophyll concentration (Chl-a) in the surface sediments of emerged tidal flat, and it can be further applied in remote sensing work. Hyperspectral reflectance of intertidal sediments were measured in day time at the tidal flats of the Sishili Bay, the Northern Yellow Sea, and surface sediments (3 mm) were sampled for the in-door measurements of Chl-a. On the basis of the reflectance at 650, 675 and 700 nm, the indices of normalized difference index of microbenthos (NDI-MPB) and trough depth (T-depth) were proposed for the measurements of microphytobenthos biomass. T-depth can be used to remove the linear background spectral noises and indicate the existence of microphytobenthos; Good linear relationship was observed between NDI-MPB and Chl-a content in sediments (2.22-49.36 mg x m(-2), r > 0.99), which may be used to monitor the biomass of microphy to benthos.

Scale effect was one of the very important scientific problems of remote sensing. The scale effect of quantitative remote sensing can be used to study retrievals' relationship between different-resolution images, and its research became an effective way to confront the challenges, such as validation of quantitative remote sensing products et al. Traditional up-scaling methods cannot describe scale changing features of retrievals on entire series of scales; meanwhile, they are faced with serious parameters correction issues because of imaging parameters' variation of different sensors, such as geometrical correction, spectral correction, etc. Utilizing single sensor image, fractal methodology was utilized to solve these problems. Taking NDVI (computed by land surface radiance) as example and based on Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image, a scheme was proposed to model continuous scaling of retrievals. Then the experimental results indicated that: (a) For NDVI, scale effect existed, and it could be described by fractal model of continuous scaling; (2) The fractal method was suitable for validation of NDVI. All of these proved that fractal was an effective methodology of studying scaling of quantitative remote sensing.

A heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrifier bacteria CPZ24 was isolated form the livestock wastewater by way of the limiting dilution combined with the chromogenic medium screening methods. This bacterium was Gram positive, rod. The colonies of the strain were orange-red.It was identified as Rhodococuus pyridinivorans according to its morphological and physiological properties and the analysis of its 16S rDNA gene. Studied on its function of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification,the results show that all NH4+ -N is removed and the removal rate of TN is 98.70% in heterotrophic nitrification; the removal rate of NO3- -N by this strain is 66.74% and the removal rate of TN is 64.27%. This high effective microorganisms with nitrogen removed is able to realize simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. It can perform the whole process of bacteria denitrification independently.