Search

The inactivation effect of plasma spray reactor on Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in apple juice was studied as a function of plasma discharge voltages, gas flow rate and liquid flow rate, and the morphological changes of the cells and the effect of this treatment on apple juice quality were evaluated. In this study, a plasma spray reactor was used to treat 0.5 L of apple juice for 30 min at a discharge voltage of 21 kV, a gas flow rate of 150 L/h, and a liquid flow rate of 9.0 L/h. The number of osmotolerant yeast cells in apple juice decreased significantly. Plasma spray reactor treatment caused cell rupture, thus resulting in the inactivation of yeast cells. Under the optimal parameters, this treatment increased the pH of apple juice slightly, but did not cause any significant changes in the titratable acid or reducing sugar concentration (P > 0.05) and resulted in no significant changes in the major major volatile compounds in apple juice. This study may provide a reference for the application of plasma spray reactor in apple juice processing.

Zhonggu No. 5 Block of Tarim Oilfield is characterized by deep reservoirs and narrow safe density window of drilling fluid. Being comprehensively affected by factors like wellbore diameter, drilling tool bending, etc., there is hardly any breakthrough in elongation of the horizontal section, which affects the productivity of horizontal wells. In order to improve the production of individual wells in fractured gas pools in Zhonggu buried hill limestone, studies were made on trajectory of ultra-deep long horizontal hole. In view of the difficulties in hole cleaning, drill-string bending, screw degumming, trajectory control, etc., the 0101.6 mm drill-pipe assembly, drilling tool bending simulation, safe weight on bit, hydraulic oscillator, high-temperature screw, high temperature MWD, optimized PDC drill bit together with controlled pressure drilling technology, etc. were used to drill the highly difficult, high temperature horizontal well with ultra-deep long horizontal section. The successful drilling of this super-long hole and staged fracturing in this horizontal section has provided a new method for trajectory control in ultra-deep, highly difficult and long horizontal holes. The research and its findings have some guiding significance in large scale drilling of horizontal wells in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcopenia is a major factor affecting the health and quality of life of the patients undergoing hemodialysis.Exercise can effectively ameliorate sarcopenia in these patients.However,the type,intensity,time,and frequency of exercise influence the effect of exercise.This review describes the effects of different exercise prescriptions on sarcopenia in the patients undergoing hemodialysis.It aims to assist medical staff in developing personalized exercise prescriptions,guiding patients to engage in exercise,and provide effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Objective: To develop an allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR)/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay for CYP1B1 gene haplotypes predisposing to primary congenital glaucoma (PCG)., Methods: Twenty Chinese PCG patients and 20 healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood sample was subjected to direct sequencing for common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CYP1B1 gene. Based on the results, CYP1B1 gene haplotypes were constructed by PCR-RFLP and AS-PCR combined with RFLP., Results: Four SNPs loci were identified by sequencing, which included rs10012 G>C (S1 in exon 2), rs1056827 T/G (S2 in exon 2), rs1056836 C/G (S3 in exon 3) and rs1056837T>C (S4 in exon 3). The distribution of such loci showed different characteristics between the two groups. 50% of the PCG patients had rs10012 G>C and rs1056827 T>G, while 25% of PCG patients had rs1056836 C>G and rs1056837T>C. As for the controls, 25% had rs10012 G>C and rs1056827 T>G, 10% had rs1056836 C>G and rs1056837T>C. None of the SNP loci has presented alone. PCR-RFLP was carried out to confirm the results of SNPs typing, but could not confirm the linkage between the SNP loci. By contrast, AS-PCR combined with RFLP has achieved specific amplification for rs10012 G>C and thorough differentiation of 1056827 T>G polymorphism. Similar results have been obtained by the same method for rs1056836 C>G and rs1056837T>C typing and linkage disequilibrium analysis., Conclusion: The AS-PCR/RFLP assay has successfully constructed the haplotypes of the CYP1B1 gene. For its accuracy, efficiency and specificity, the method may be used for constructing haplotypes for hereditary disease studies.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of building the 3D reconstruction of short segment common peroneal nerve functional fascicles based on serial histological sections and computer technology., Methods: Five cm of the common peroneal nerve in the popliteal fossa, donated by an adult, was made into the serial transverse freezing sections (n=200) at an interval of 0.25 mm and 10 microm in thickness per section. Acetylcholinesterase staining was adopted and the nerve fascicles were observed by microscope. 2D panorama images were acquired by high-resolution digital camera under microscope (x 100) and mosaic software. Different functional fascicles were distinguished and marked on each section. The topographic database was matched by image processing software. The 3D microstructure of the fascicular groups of 5 cm common peroneal nerve was reconstructed using Amira 3.1 3D reconstruction software., Results: Based on microanatomy and the results of acetylcholinesterase staining, this segmented common peroneal nerve functional fascicles was divided into sensory tract, motor tract, mixed tract and motor-predominating mixed tract. The cross merging was not evident in the nerve fascicles between deep peroneal nerve and superficial peroneal nerve, but existed within the functional fascicles of the deep peroneal nerve and the superficial peroneal nerve. The results of 3D reconstruction reflected the 3D structure of peripheral nerve and its interior functional fascicles factually, which displayed solely or in combination at arbitrary angles., Conclusion: Based on serial histological sections and computer technology, the 3D microstructure of short-segment peripheral nerve functional fascicles can be reconstructed satisfactorily, indicating the feasibility of building 3D reconstruction of long-segmental peripheral nerve functional fascicles.