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The type and content of clay minerals in tight sandstone reservoirs of the He-1 member in the Jin-30 well area of Hangjinqi in the northern margin of the Ordos Basin have a significant effect on irreducible water saturation. On the basis of core observation, the petrological characteristics, clay mineral types and occurrence forms, pore structure and irreducible water distribution of the target layer by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, casting thin section analysis, one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiment and high-pressure mercury injection experiment were studied. The results show that: (1) The average content of clay minerals in the reservoir is 18.36%, and the clay minerals mainly include kaolinite, illite, chlorite and illite/smectite mixed layers. (2) There are differences in the types of clay minerals in different lithofacies: the clay minerals in lithic quartz sandstone are mainly feldspar altered kaolinite, and feldspar intragranular dissolution pores, and kaolinite intergranular pores are developed. The lithic sandstone is mainly composed of lithic and matrix altered illite, and the intragranular dissolution pores filled with illite are developed. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202407150157.

To improve the lycopene content in compound fruit and vegetable wine, using tomato, mango, pumpkin, and loquat as the main raw materials, a compound fruit and vegetable wine was prepared by co-brewing technology of pulp and juice. The brewing process conditions of the compound fruit and vegetable wine was optimized by single factor experiments and response surface experiments, and the antioxidant activity was analyzed. The results showed that the compound fruit and vegetable wine with orange-red and transparent color, rich aroma and mellow taste could be obtained under the conditions of initial sugar content 21.7%, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1.3×107 CFU/ml) inoculum 5.5%, fermentation temperature 20 ℃, and time 5.0 d. The sensory score and lycopene content were 89.6 and 40.63 μg/ml, respectively and the concentration for 50% of maximum effect (EC50) of the compound fruit and vegetable wine on the scavenging ABTS+·, DPPH·, O2-·, and ·OH were 54.76 mg/100 ml, 39.71 mg/100 ml, 20.08 mg/100 ml, and 30.18 mg/100 ml, respectively.

[Objective] This study aimed to assess the impact of the national e-commerce demonstration cities (NEDC) pilot policy on urban carbon emission efficiency (CEE) and its underlying mechanisms. It focused on the moderating effects of e-commerce soft and hard environments, providing policy references for achieving carbon neutrality and peak carbon emissions goals. [Methods] Based on prior research, this study employed multiple-period difference-in-differences and double machine learning models to rigorously identify the causal relationship between the NEDC pilot policy and urban CEE, using panel data of 282 prefecture-level administrative units in China from 2006 to 2022. The analysis integrated the internal mechanisms of the pilot policy’s impact on CEE from supply and demand sides. This study constructed a comprehensive evaluation system of e-commerce soft and hard environments to access their moderating effects on the policy’s impact. [Results] The empirical findings reveal that the NEDC pilot policy significantly promoted urban CEE, with robust results verified through endogeneity test and multiple robustness tests. Both soft and hard environments demonstrated positive moderating effects on the policy’s impact on CEE, where network and logistics infrastructure in the hard environment played a crucial role, while technological innovation, governmental regulation and market environment in the soft environment exhibited strong moderating effects. Furthermore, the policy’s impact exhibited heterogeneity, with more pronounced effects in non-resource cities, growth-regenerative cities, and cities with higher levels of international trade. [Conclusion] To promote policy-enabled CEE, the carbon reduction effect of the pilot policy should be strengthened at both supply and demand sides. The soft and hard environments of e-commerce should be further optimized. It is recommended to advance the construction of pilot cities in an orderly manner, establish industrial e-commerce ecosystem, reinforce the coordinated optimization of soft and hard environments, and develop e-commerce according to local conditions.

In order to investigate the synergistic effect of extrusion and polyphenol treatment on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of corn starch (CS), four polyphenols (ferulic acid, gallic acid, quercetin and curcumin) were selected in this study. The solubility, swelling power, pasting properties, thermal characteristics, antioxidant capacity, in vitro digestibility and crystal structure of the extruded CS with polyphenols were evaluated. The results showed that extrusion combined with polyphenol treatment resulted in an increase in the solubility, swelling power and pasting temperature of CS, and a decrease in the gelatinization enthalpy, peak viscosity and setback value, as well as a significant improvement in the scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation and anti-digestive properties. The binding of polyphenols to CS was dominated by hydrogen bonding during the extrusion process, leading to a decrease in the short-range orderliness of CS and eventually the formation of a special V-shaped crystal structure. After the combined treatment, the structure of CS became denser as observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of polyphenols in extruded starch-based functional foods.

This study investigates the fusion of data from event cameras and traditional frame cameras, introducing a novel fusion approach designed to enhance image quality under complex lighting conditions. Event cameras are an innovative class of vision sensors that are known for their high temporal resolution and minimal power consumption; however, their output is often plagued by noise and feature loss. Conversely, traditional frame cameras boast commendable spatial resolution; however, they struggle to capture fast-moving scenes or scenes with a vast dynamic range. To address these challenges, the study proposes an innovative method that combines discrete wavelet transform with dynamic gain complementary filtering to fuse image and event data. The process begins by evaluating the exposure level of incoming image frames using the image entropy of a metric. Following this assessment, the discrete wavelet transform segregates the high- and low-frequency components from the event stream and frame image data. A dynamic gain complementary filter is applied to seamlessly integrate image and event data. The proposed method capitalizes on its ability to balance the contribution of each data source adaptively, thereby ensuring optimal reconstruction quality under varying conditions. By leveraging the high-frequency temporal information from event cameras and the high-resolution spatial information from frame cameras, the proposed method attempts to overcome the limitations inherent in each type of sensor. This fusion not only mitigates the noise and feature loss in event camera data but also improves the capture of high-speed movements and scenes with significant brightness variations. The efficacy of this fusion approach was rigorously tested on the HDR Hybrid Event-Frame Dataset, which includes high dynamic range and complex lighting environments in real-world scenarios. The experimental results underscored a notable improvement in image quality, outperforming traditional image reconstruction methods. Our proposed approach has demonstrated superior performance, as evidenced by its scores on several key metrics: a mean squared error of 0.0199, a structural similarity index measure of 0.90, and a Q-score of 6.07. These results not only validate the effectiveness of the proposed fusion method in enhancing imaging quality under challenging conditions but also highlight the potential of integrating disparate types of visual data to achieve superior reconstruction outcomes.

To quickly and accurately evaluate and predict the quality and safety of food products, in this study, storage temperatures (0, 4 and 25 ℃) were used to investigate the effects on the total number of colonies, TVB-N, pH, moisture content, color, and biogenic amine content of chilled meat. It aimed to accurately predict the pattern of change in the quality of chilled meat in storage, as well as its quality and safety, and determined the characteristic quality indexes of chilled meat. Based on Backpropagation (BP) neural network and Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO) BP neural network, the quality prediction model of chilled meat under different storage temperatures was constructed using characteristic indexes as the training data to quickly and accurately evaluate and predict the quality and safety of food. The results showed that the total number of colonies, pH, TVB-N, color and biogenic amine content of chilled meat under different storage temperatures showed an increasing trend with the extension of storage time (P

Background The number of migrant elderly in China and abroad is rising, and their mental health problems can no longer be ignored due to mobility-related adversities. Objective To analyze the current situation, research hotspots and trends in the field of mental health of migrant elderly at home and abroad in the past 10 years based on CiteSpace, and provide reference for research in related fields. Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection were used as data sources, and CiteSpace was used for visualization and analysis, including publication volume, authors, institutions and keywords. Results A total of 1 023 papers were obtained, 726 in English and 297 in Chinese. Domestic authors mainly collaborated with the same institution, while there were more inter-institutional collaborations abroad. The current research hotspots mainly focused on the elderly with migration, elderly immigrants, old migrants, depression, psychological distress and social support. Conclusion Compared with abroad, there are fewer publications in China currently, with looser cooperation among research authors and institutions, and a lack of core authors, needing more diversification of disciplines and research methods. Focusing on hotspots and cutting-edge content, exploring the mechanism of the role of mental health of migrant elderly, implementing psychological interventions, strengthening health education, and improving the psychological resilience and subjective well-being of migrant elderly are the main trends of future research.

Objective To explore the association between insulin resistance （IR） and diabetic kidney disease （DKD） among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1DM） and compare multiple surrogate parameters of IR for their associations with DKD in this population. Methods For this cross-sectional study， 556 adults with classic T1DM admitted into Xijing Hospital between October 2008 and June 2021 were enrolled. Demographic， anthropometric and laboratory data were collected. IR-related parameters of estimated glucose disposal rate （eGDR）， metabolic score for insulin resistance （METS-IR） and triglyceride-glucose index （TyG） were calculated. They were categorized into two groups of DKD and non-DKD. The relationship between IR and DKD was explored by binary Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline （RCS） models. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were plotted for comparing the discriminatory performance of all parameters. Results Median age was 31.0（24.8，44.0） year and median disease duration 6.0（2.0，12.0） year. The prevalence of DKD was 20.14%. Lower eGDR was associated with a high prevalence of DKD. In multivariable analysis， as compared to quartile 1 （Q1）， odds ratios （OR， 95%CI） of DKD for participants in eGDR calculated with body mass index （eGDRBMI） Q2-Q4 were 1.08（0.40-2.92）， 0.13（0.03-0.45） and 0.26（0.07-0.83）， respectively. The corresponding risk in eGDR calculated with waist-to-hip ratio （eGDRWHR） Q2-Q4 was 0.68（0.20-2.23）， 0.51（0.15-1.66） and 0.16（0.03-0.72）， respectively. TyG， eGDR calculated with waist circumference （eGDRWC）， METS-IR， body mass index， waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio were not significantly associated with the prevalence of DKD. Subgroup analyses indicated that the association between eGDRBMI and DKD was consistent with overall population in six subgroups of females， age 28-＜40 years and ≥40 years， disease duration ≥5 years， non-smokers and individuals with a family history of diabetes. RCS hinted at a linear and negative correlation between eGDRBMI， eGDRWHR and the prevalence of DKD. ROC analyses indicated that the cutoff values for identifying DKD were 8.23 mg·kg−1·min−1， 7.22 mg·kg−1·min−1 and 7.92 mg·kg−1·min−1 for eGDRBMI， eGDRWHR and eGDRWC， respectively. After adding into a basic model， all three eGDRs demonstrated incremental discriminatory performance. Conclusion IR， reflected by a declining eGDR， is associated with the prevalence of DKD among adults with classic T1DM. And eGDR has demonstrated some potential in identifying DKD in adult classic T1DM and its clinical implication should be validated by more studies.

Based on sedimentary characteristics of the fine-grained rocks of the lower submember of second member of the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation (K1sh2L) in the Lishu rift depression, combined with methods of organic petrology, analysis of major and trace elements as well as biological marker compound, the enrichment conditions and enrichment model of organic matter in the fine-grained sedimentary rocks in volcanic rift lacustrine basin are investigated. The change of sedimentary paleoenvironment controls the vertical distribution of different lithofacies types in the K1sh2L and divides it into the upper and lower parts. The lower part contains massive siliceous mudstone with bioclast-bearing siliceous mudstone, whereas the upper part is mostly composed of laminated siliceous shale and laminated fine-grained mixed shale. The kerogen types of organic matter in the lower and upper parts are types II2–III and types I–II1, respectively. The organic carbon content in the upper part is higher than that in the lower part generally. The enrichment of organic matter in volcanic rift lacustrine basin is subjected to three favorable conditions. First, continuous enhancement of rifting is the direct factor increasing the paleo-water depth, and the rise of base level leads to the expansion of deep-water mudstone/shale deposition range. Second, relatively strong underwater volcanic eruption and rifting are simultaneous, and such event can provide a lot of nutrients for the lake basin, which is conducive to the bloom of algae, resulting in higher productivity of types I–II1 kerogen. Third, the relatively dry paleoclimate leads to a decrease in input of fresh water and terrestrial materials, including Type III kerogen from terrestrial higher plants, resulting in a water body with higher salinity and anoxic stratification, which is more favorable for preservation of organic matter. The organic matter enrichment model of fine-grained sedimentary rocks of volcanic rift lacustrine basin is established, which is of reference significance to the understanding of the organic matter enrichment mechanism of fine-grained sedimentary rocks of Shahezi Formation in Songliao Basin and even in the northeast China.

The development of the US military’s kill web reflects a profound transformation in its combat style and outlines a blueprint for future intelligent warfare. Through an in-depth analysis of the development trajectory and core characteristics of the kill web, its significant advantages in dynamics, multi-dimensionality, synergy, optimization, and resilience are pointed out. This paper discusses the core technologies of the US military’s kill web, as well as the role of projects such as the adapting cross-domain kill-webs (ACK), the system-of-systems technology integration tool chain for heterogeneous electronic systems (STITCHES), and mission-integrated network control (MINC) in promoting the practice of the kill web. The development of the US military’s kill web will focus on the evolution of intelligent and autonomous technologies, the deep integration of global combat capabilities, the innovation in decision-making timeliness and accuracy, the enhancement of system elasticity and resilience, and the rapid network reconstruction and adaptability.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) and asthma are two prevalent chronic respiratory diseases. Recent research has revealed that OSAHS not only shares several common risk factors with asthma but also exhibits a high comorbidity rate with it. This mutual interaction complicates the course of both diseases and increases complexity to clinical diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary and analysis, from an epidemiological and pathophysiological perspective, of the research progress and challenges concerning the OSAHS comorbided with asthma, particularly in severe asthma.

Walnut kernels, selected as the raw material, underwent hydrolysis with protein-glutaminase (PG) following pulping. This process laid the foundation for producing set-type walnut yogurt, involving steps such as blending, homogenization, sterilization, and fermentation. The study investigated the impact of protein-glutaminase and five distinct starter cultures labeled I~V on the quality of walnut yogurt. This was evaluated by examining the yogurt's fermentation characteristics, physicochemical indicators, and microstructure. Furthermore, walnut yogurt developed under these optimal conditions was compared to traditional milk yogurt to assess its quality and characteristics. The findings revealed a significant improvement in the fermentation characteristics and textural parameters of yogurt fermented by walnut milk following enzymatic hydrolysis compared to non-enzymatic walnut milk. The optimal conditions were identified as 0.2% enzyme concentration and a 40-minute reaction time, with the pH, acidity, hardness, and consistency of walnut yogurt being 4.3, 55°T, 85.30 g, and 583.96 g·s, respectively. Walnut yogurt developed using starter culture I exhibited the highest acidity level, maintaining minimal fluctuation over a 21-day storage period. In contrast, yogurts prepared with alternative starter cultures demonstrated varying degrees of stratification and sedimentation. The yogurt fermented with culture I showed superior viscoelastic properties, presenting a denser gel network. Conversely, yogurts fermented with cultures IV and V displayed reduced apparent viscosity, lower values of G' (storage modulus), and G'' (loss modulus), along with a looser gel structure. Additionally, walnut yogurt produced with starter culture I maintained bacterial counts exceeding 106 CFU/mL throughout the storage duration. Despite walnut yogurt requiring further refinement in aspects such as consistency, water-holding capacity, and whey release rate compared to milk yogurt, the overall impact of PG was positive, enhancing the gelation quality of walnut yogurt. The yogurt prepared with starter culture I (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) was notably improved, receiving favorable overall assessments.

Objective To investigate, before and after sucrose challenge, the difference of saliva microbiome between caries-free (CF) and caries-active (CA) individuals, and to explore the potential key microorganisms that is more susceptible to sucrose challenge. Methods Eighteen systemic healthy volunteers, among which 8 were caries-free and 10 were caries-active, were recruited. Saliva samples were collected pre-treatment and at 30 min and 2 h after the sucrose treatment. Microbial diversity and community structure were analyzed and compared using Illumina sequencing platform. Results The diversity and abundance of saliva samples from caries-free individuals was similar to that from caries-active individuals before sucrose treatment. After 2 h of treatment, the microbial diversity of the CA group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (P

The development and change patterns as well as the disease course management of multiple ground-glass nodules (GGNs) in the lungs are currently hotspots and difficulties in clinical lung cancer research. Understanding the latest advancements in the natural history of multiple GGNs is crucial for grasping the disease variation patterns and formulating management strategies. Meanwhile, utilizing advanced methods such as intelligent follow-up management platforms makes the long-term standardized management of GGNs possible. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the latest research advancements on the natural history of multiple GGNs and new experience in GGNs management.

To improve the sensory quality of citrus and tea wine, the citrus and tea wine was prepared with citrus juice and instant tea powder as raw materials, and the brewing process of citrus and tea wine was optimized through single factor experiments and response surface methodology experiments, and the antioxidant activity was determined. The results showed that the citrus and tea wine with light brown and transparent color, rich wine and tea aroma, and mellow taste was obtained under the conditions of instant tea powder addition 1.7%, initial sugar content 22%, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1.3×109 CFU/ml) inoculum 0.04% and fermentation temperature 20 ℃. Under the condition, the sensory score and alcohol content of the citrus tea wine were 94.2 and 10.6%vol, respectively. The 50% of maximal effect concentration (EC50) of the citrus and tea wine for scavenging DPPH· and ·OH were 40.82 mg/ml and 18.73 mg/ml, respectively. To sum up, a citrus and tea wine with good flavor and certain antioxidant activity was brewed with citrus juice and instant tea powder as raw material, which had certain market application prospect.

As a clinical pathological syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis （FSGS） is characterized by focal glomerulosclerosis, disappearance of podocyte processes and massive proteinuria. Current researches have confirmed that foot cell injury is a central pathogenetic cause of FSGS. And a growing number of studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, inflammation and disruption of proximal tubular epithelial cells （PTECs） and glomerular endothelial cells （GECs） contribute to the development of FSGS. In recent years, autophagy has attracted greater attention in various research fields. It proved that autophagy plays an important regulatory role in FSGS, And it provided a novel therapeutic target FSGS. This review focused upon autophagy and its roles in FSGS.

Background The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine in a multidisciplinary approach is the future direction for the diagnosis and treatment of Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF). However, the lack of standard criteria for syndrome differentiation and treatment selection limits the application of TCM in Western and international contexts. Patients with CRF often experience fatigue associated with metabolic and energy balance abnormalities, with thyroid function playing a critical role in the body's energy metabolism and regulation. Objective To analyze the TCM syndrome characteristics of CRF and explore their correlation with thyroid function levels, providing a reference for the integrated diagnosis and treatment of CRF and mechanism research in both TCM and western medicine. Methods The study included cancer patients who visited the oncology outpatient and inpatient departments of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital in 2021. General information of the patients was collected. The Chinese version of the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (RPFS-CV) was used to assess patients' fatigue. Thyroid function tests, including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibody, were collected on the day of or the day after enrollment. TCM syndrome characteristics of CRF patients were collected through a self-designed CRF TCM Four-Diagnostic Information Form. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between RPFS-CV fatigue scores and thyroid function indicators. Point biserial correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between RPFS-CV fatigue scores, thyroid function indicators, and TCM syndrome characteristics of CRF. Results A total of 159 CRF patients were included. The most common types of cancer were lung cancer (50 cases, 31.4%), breast cancer (23 cases, 14.5%), head and neck tumors (21 cases, 13.2%), rectal cancer (21 cases, 13.2%), and colon cancer (18 cases, 11.3%). The median diagnosis duration was 2.15 (3.16) years; 88 patients (55.3%) experienced recurrence or metastasis, with 40 patients (45.5%) having local recurrence and 38 patients (43.2%) having oligometastasis. The median duration of metastasis was 1.50 (2.83) years; 91 patients (57.2%) were in advanced stages, 101 patients (63.5%) had received antitumor treatment, and 57 patients (35.8%) had undergone chemotherapy. In TCM syndromes, deficiency syndromes with a frequency over 10% were Qi deficiency, heart deficiency, and spleen deficiency; among excess syndromes, those occurring more than 20 times were Qi stagnation and damp-cold. Syndromes with a median RPFS-CV fatigue score over 4 were, in descending order, damp-cold, Qi stagnation, spleen deficiency, heart deficiency, liver deficiency, damp-heat, and Qi deficiency. RPFS-CV fatigue scores were positively correlated with Qi deficiency, spleen deficiency, heart deficiency, liver deficiency, damp-cold, and Qi stagnation (P

In order to explore the formation mechanism of job burnout of coal mine safety managers, based on the job demand-resource model and grounded theory, the research conducted in-depth interviews with coal mine safety managers, built a JD-R theoretical model of coal mine safety managers’ job burnout and proposed relevant hypotheses. The results show that: among the demographic variables, working age, position and working time will affect job burnout; job demands and role pressure negatively predict job burnout, while job resources and organizational justice positively predict job burnout of coal mine safety managers. The mediating effect of role stress on job demand and job burnout was 0.276, and the mediating effect of organizational justice on job resource and job burnout was -0.365.

BackgroundArsenic exposure is a common and important environmental and occupational hazardous factor in China, and arsenic-induced insulin resistance (IR) has attracted widespread attention as a negative health outcome to the population. ObjectiveTo explore part of the mechanism of hepatic IR induced by arsenic exposure based on the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ (PPARγ)/ glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) pathway, and to investigate potential effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on hepatic IR induced by arsenic exposure and associated mechanism of action. MethodsThe target of drug action was predicted by network pharmacology and verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo experiments: 48 SPF C57BL/6J male mice were divided into 4 groups, including control group, 50 mg·L−1 NaAsO2 model group (NaAsO2), 50 mg·L−1 NaAsO2+10 mg·kg−1 GBE intervene group (NaAsO2+GBE), and 10 mg·kg−1 GBE group (GBE), 12 mice in each group. The animals were given free access to purified water containing 50 mg·L−1 NaAsO2, or given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline containing 10 mg·kg−1 GBE once per week. After 6 months of exposure, blood glucose detection, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed. Serum and liver tissues were collected after the mice were neutralized, liver histopathological sections were obtained, serum insulin levels, liver tissue glycogen content, glucose content were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 proteins was detected by Western blot (WB). In vitro experiments: HepG2 cells were divided into 4 groups, including control group, 8 μmol·L−1 NaAsO2 group (NaAsO2), 8 μmol·L−1 NaAsO2 + 200 mg·L−1 GBE intervene group (NaAsO2+GBE), and 200 mg·L−1 GBE group (GBE). The levels of glycogen and glucose were detected by ELISA, and the expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 proteins was detected by WB. Results A strong binding effect between GBE and PPARγ was revealed by network pharmacology. In in vivo experiments, the NaAsO2 group exhibited an elevated blood glucose compared to the control group, and the NaAsO2+GBE group showed a decreased blood glucose compared to the NaAsO2 group (P

Difference from the movable neutron detector for CPR1000 reactor can only be used periodically, HPR1000 and other Gen-Ⅲ reactor innovatively use self-powered neutron detector (SPND) to continuously measure the in-core neutron flux. This paper provided detailed design and implementation of the high-precision core surveillance system for the first HPR1000 reactor. Firstly, a novel SPND signal processing method was proposed, which not only solved the limitation of traditional design software for high-precision SPND current calculation, but also enabled high-precision signal processing of measured SPND. Based on this, a high-precision core 3D power reconstruction method was established. Subsequently, the online monitoring system SOPHORA for the HPR1000 reactor core designed based on this theoretical model was described, and its uncertainty analysis method was explained in detail. The uncertainty analysis results indicate that the accuracy of the key parameters of the system can meet the needs of high-precision core monitoring. Finally, in order to confirm the performance of the system, a comparative analysis was conducted on the deviation between the measurement and theoretical prediction of SPND current during the start-up process of the HPR1000 reactor, as well as the deviation of component power distribution. The results show that the deviation is much smaller than the regulatory requirements for initiating physical tests. The double validation of the uncertainty analysis results and the component power deviation analysis results during the start-up process indicates that SOPHORA achieves high-precision core monitoring, and its use of SPND signal processing and core 3D power reconstruction methods has significant accuracy and reliability.

This is an article in the field of ceramics and composites. The performance of asphalt mixtures with different iron tailings content was analyzed. The rutting resistance, water stability and crack resistance of the asphalt mixture were analyzed. This verified the feasibility of iron tailings applied to the middle surface of low-grade roads. The results showed that the flexural strength decreased the most when the dosage was from 20% to 40%. The increase rate of immersion residue stability began to decrease after the dosage was 20%. As the content of iron tailings continued to increase, the FT-IR spectrum of iron tailings asphalt concrete showed a small, new absorption peak locally and an enhancement to the original absorption peak. This showed that after the addition of iron tailings, the asphalt concrete chemically reacted with it, and the internal structure of the original asphalt was changed and new functional groups were generated. With the increasing content of iron tailings, the proportion of the area of cycloalkane and alkane C-H functional groups in the asphalt concrete of iron tailings asphalt concrete showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. And when the iron tailings content was 20%, the area ratio of asphalt naphthenic and alkane C-H functional groups reached the maximum.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Chaishao Liujunzi Decoction (CLD) on alcoholic liver da-mage (ALD) and its mechanism. Methods A total of 50 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group (group A), model group (group B), low-dose CLD group (group C), middle-dose CLD group (group D), and high-dose CLD group (group E). The mice in groups B, C, D, and E were given ethanol solution (6 g/kg) by gavage at a volume fraction of 0.56 every day, and at the same time, the mice in groups C, D, and E were given CLD by gavage at a dose of 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg, respectively, every day; the mice in group A were given an equal volume of normal saline by gavage, once a day for 15 d. Body weight was measured every 5 d. After the experiment, fresh feces was collected from each group of mice, plate culture after gradient dilution was performed to analyze the composition of intestinal flora in feces; after the mice were anesthetized, blood samples were collected from the eyes to measure the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC); after the mice were sacrificed, the liver was collected to calculate the liver index; HE staining was performed for liver tissue sections to observe pathological changes. Results On day 15, compared with group B, groups C and E had a significant increase in body weight (q=4.217-7.573,P0.05). Liver histopathological analysis showed that compared with group B, groups C, D, and E had alleviation of liver pathological injury. The analysis of intestinal flora showed that compared with group B, groups D and E had significant reductions in the abundance of Enterobacter and Enterococcus (q=7.209-11.730,P

It is of great significance to reveal the law of fracturing fracture propagation and influencing factors in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs for the formulation of fracturing technology and the efficient development of CBM resources. In this paper, the data of core drilling, well logging, downhole observation, fracturing construction and microseismic monitoring in Shizhuangbei CBM block, Qinshui Basin, China, are used to systematically analyze the hydraulic fracturing fracture propagation law and influencing factors. The research results show that clean water fracturing fluid is mainly used in the study area. According to the change in construction pressure, the fracture curves can be divided into four types: descending, stable, ascending, and fluctuating. Hydraulic fracture strikes are mainly N37°–55°W and N42°–70°E, with lengths varying between 69.5 m and 157.5 m and heights of 35 m to 68.5 m. In the type I stress state(σv>σH>σh), the fracturing fractures tend to expand vertically, and most fracturing curves are descending or stable. In the type II in-situ stress state(σH>σh>σv), the propagation direction of fracturing fractures is relatively single, and most of them are vertical fractures of a single shape. The width of the fracture network is small. Under the type III in-situ stress state(σH>σv>σh), the fracturing fractures expand along the horizontal direction, and the fracturing fractures have more complex shapes. The principal stress difference coefficient (λ)is positively correlated with the length of the fracture network and negatively correlated with the width. For fracturing fracture lengths >90 m, the λ is higher than 0.3. The hydraulic fractures can be communicated, penetrated, or captured by natural fractures. The effect of communication fracturing is better, and most coalbed methane wells have the characteristics of high and stable production. The extension length of the penetrated fracturing fractures is limited, and most of the captured fracturing fractures overlap with joints. The gas production effect of penetrated and captured fracturing wells is poor. With the increase of the proportion of primary and cataclastic coal thickness, the length of the fracture network gradually increases and the width gradually decreases. For fracturing fracture lengths >110 m, the proportion of primary and cataclastic coal thickness is higher than 40%. The research results provide a theoretical basis and geological guarantee for coal seam fracturing reconstruction.

Objective To explore an overcorrection quantization method and related influencing factors through analyzing relationships between the achieved and preset intrusion values of mandibular anterior teeth with clear aligners. Methods Twenty patients receiving Invisalign were recruited. The relative intrusion values in the ClinCheck software were recorded as the preset intrusion. The achieved intrusion values were measured through the digital model superimposition. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the differences and linear relationships between the preset and achieved intrusion values, and investigate the effect of related factors such as intrusion amounts on the intrusion efficiency. Results For the mandibular anterior teeth, the mean intrusion efficiency was 62.2%, with the highest in the central incisors and the lowest in the canines. The intrusion amounts, incisors labial inclinations, and canine attachment types affected the intrusion efficiency. The differences between the preset and achieved values were significant, and the linear relationship existed. The formula of the intrusion overcorrection for the mandibular anterior teeth is “Z=(W-0.110)/0.533-W”. Z represents the overcorrection and W represents the ideal intrusion. Conclusion The preset intrusion values in the treatment protocol could not be fully achieved. Moreover, correction should be designed in cases of mandibular canine intrusion, large amountsof intrusion, orlingually inclined incisors. Compared to the optimized attachments, the vertical rectangular attachments on the mandibular canines could improve the efficiency.

ObjectiveTo explore the functional characteristics of a patient of Bartter syndrome type III and compound heterozygous mutations in CLCNKB gene and explore the rescue effect of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator compound VX-809 on CLCNKB gene missense variant.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted for a hospitalized patient of Bartter syndrome type III on September 2, 2019. Clinical characteristics, growth and development status, laboratory findings and genetic data were reviewed. Wild-type and variant CLCNKB genes were separately transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) and the expression levels of ClC-Kb protein in each group detected by Western blot. The differences in protein expression between wild-type and variant type were compared by unpaired t-test. Additionally, immunofluorescent stain was utilized for examining the subcellular localization of ClC-Kb protein. And cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator compound VX-809 was employed for treating cells after transfecting with a over-expressing variant in CLCNKB gene.ResultsThis 32-month-old girl presented with hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, renal salt wasting and normal blood pressure in all four extremities. Genetic testing results revealed compound heterozygous variations in CLCNKB gene. Transfection of two variant plasmids (p.F213C & p. Y466Mfs13) into HEK293 cells indicated that the expression of variant ClC-Kb protein was significantly lower than that of wild-type (P

BackgroundStudies on the relationships of environmental noise exposure with negative emotions and sleep quality have long been reported. Self-perceived noise intensity is not only related to environmental noise exposure, but also reflects an individual's susceptibility to noise; however, few studies on self-perceived noise intensity, negative emotions, and sleep quality have been reported, and it is not clear whether negative emotions play a mediating role in the relationship between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality. ObjectiveTo analyze the mediating role of negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and stress) in the relationship between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality in noise-exposed workers, and to provide a scientific basis for addressing psychological problems and sleep quality induced by noise exposure. MethodsStratified cluster sampling was used to select noise-exposed workers from a large equipment manufacturing plant in Chengdu from May to June 2023, and demographic characteristics were investigated using a self-designed general information questionnaire; self-perceived noise intensity was reported by the study subjects as the noise intensity of their workplaces; sleep quality was synthesized from three indicators: night sleep duration, self-perceived sleep quality, and sleep-related symptoms; the Anxiety-Depression-Stress Scale (DASS-21 scale) was used to evaluate anxiety, depression, and stress of a worker. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the pathways of negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and stress) between self-perceived noise intensity and sleep quality. ResultsThe positive rates of negative emotions were 33.1% (anxiety symptoms, 215/649), 26.0% (depression symptoms, 169/649), and 14.0% (stress symptoms, 91/649), respectively in a total of 649 noise-exposed workers. Self-perceived noise intensity was positively correlated with sleep quality score (r=0.218, P

【Objective】The experiment was carried out to study the effects of potassium magnesium sulfate (PMS) on sow performance, plasma biochemical indicators, antioxidant capacity and immune function in late pregnancy.【Method】By using simple factor design of the experiment, sixty sows (Landrace×Yorkshire) with 3-4 parity, good health and similar expected delivery in the third trimester of pregnancy (85th day of pregnancy) were randomly divided into 4 groups (15 replicates in each group and 1 sow in each replicate). The experimental groups during gestation were supplemented with PMS 0 (CK), 5, 10 and 15 g/d for each sow, respectively. After delivery, all sows during lactation were fed the same commercial lactation feed. The experiment ended on the 18th day of lactation.【Result】(1) Supplemental PMS had no significant effects on litter size, healthy litter size, back fat thickness, labor, body weight, feed intake in sows during lactation, and newborn weight of piglets, number of weaned piglets and number of deaths of lactating piglets. Compared with the control group, the fecal score of sows during late pregnancy after PMS supplementation showed a linear increase (Plinear < 0.05) and 10 g/d group had significant effects (PANOVA < 0.05); After supplementation with PMS, it showed a linear increase (Plinear < 0.05) in newborn litter weight, litter weight of weaned piglets, average litter gain of lactating piglets and daily gain of lactating piglets (PANOVA < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the newborn litter weight, litter weight of weaned piglets, average litter gain of lactating piglets and daily gain of lactating piglets in the 10 g/d group were increased by 16.27%, 24.42%, 35.14% and 31.64%. Except for newborn litter weight, all other indicators showed quadratic effect (PQuadratic < 0.05) and significant differences were found between groups (PANOVA < 0.05); (2) It showed a linear increase in the contents of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and insulin (INS) in plasma of sows supplemented with PMS (Plinear < 0.05). The contents of TG, CHO, LDL and INS in the 10 g/d group increased by 50.00%, 28.35%, 25.00% and 31.98% compared with the control group; TG and LDL had a quadratic effect (PQuadratic < 0.05). (3) Linear changes were found in contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (Plinear < 0.05) in the plasma of sows after supplementation with PMS, and they were increased by 17.10%, 20.34%, 8.00% and 15.04% in the 10 g/d group, compared with the control group. (4) It showed a linear increase (PANOVA < 0.05) in fat content of colostrum of sow with PMS supplementation (Plinear < 0.05), with significant increase. Non-fat milk solids, lactose and protein were linearly increased (Plinear < 0.05) and had an increasing trend (0.05 < PANOVA < 0.1). The fat content of colostrum supplemented with 10 g/d were increased by 51.42% compared with the control group.【Conclusion】PMS supplementation in late preganancy can significantly improve the fecal scores of sows, relieve sow constipation, and improve sow performance and body health, with 10 g/d supplementation as the optimal dose.

Objective To explore the hub genes and the potential targets in the treatment of diabetes with TREM2 mutation-related cognitive dysfunction with bioinformatics analysis. Methods The cases of differential genes (DEGs) of diabetes mellitus and TREM2 mutation-related cognitive dysfunction were obtained respectively by microarray data analysis, the common differential genes were obtained by intersection between the two diseases. GO analysis, KEGG and Reactome pathway analysis were performed on the selected differential genes. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed using online database. Finally, the effects of diabetes and TREM2 on spatial learning and memory of mice were detected by water maze, and the expression of hub gene SNAP25 was detected by Western blot. Results In both datasets, 19 genes showed similar changes, mainly enriched in biological processes and pathways related to neurons and metabolism. According to PPI analysis, DNER, GFAP, GRM5 and SNAP25 were identified as hub genes. Trem2 gene knockout aggravated spatial learning and memory impairment in diabetic mice. The expression of SNAP25 in hippocampus of diabetes mice was significantly increased, and then decreased after Trem2 knockout. Conclusions This study identified 19 TREM2-related genes in diabetes with cognitive dysfunction, among which 4 hub genes were found. These results provide a new experimental basis for the treatment of diabetes patients with cognitive impairment.

Background The occurrence of postoperative complications in lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) is closely related to malnutrition, and currently there is a lack of nutritional evaluation methods that can effectively, objectively, and comprehensively assess the nutritional status of LDD patients and predict the occurrence of postoperative complications. Objective To compare the predictive value of four nutritional evaluation methods of Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) and High-sensitivity Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (HS-mGPS) for postoperative complications in patients with LDD, so as to formulate a precise nutritional intervention plan and effectively prevent complications. Methods A total of 201 patients diagnosed with LDD and underwent open surgery in Spine Surgery Department of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the study subjects, four nutritional evaluation methods of PNI, CONUT, NPS and HS-mGPS were applied to assess the preoperative nutritional status of the patients, respectively, and occurrence of postoperative complications from postoperative period to hospital discharge were observed. The patients were divided into the complication group and non-complication group according to the occurrence of postoperative complications to analyze and compare the difference in clinical characteristics between the two groups; the optimal cut-off values of different nutritional evaluation methods were calculated by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the prediction efficiency of different evaluation methods was compared, the area under curve (AUC) was compared by using MedCalc software. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between different nutritional evaluation methods and postoperative complications. Results Postoperative complications occurred in 60 patients with an incidence rate of 29.8%. The comparison of clinical characteristics data showed statistically significant differences in age, gender, intraoperative bleeding, surgical segment, PNI, CONUT, and NPS scores between the complication group and non-complication group (P

[Objective] With the ongoing urbanization in China, the frequency of heavy-duty vehicles traversing buried pipelines is steadily increasing. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to investigate the mechanical response patterns of buried pipelines subjected to heavyduty vehicle rolling in order to ensure the safety of oil and gas pipelines. [Methods] Field tests were conducted to investigate the rolling of heavy-duty vehicles on a buried X70 pipeline. Strain gauge technology was employed to gather pipeline response data and summarize the response patterns of soil pressure and axial stress. Additionally, an ABAQUS software-based finite element simulation model was established to simulate the soil-pipeline interaction using a nonlinear contact model. The vehicle load was simplified as the dead load of a moving plane source, and a DLOAD subprogram was developed to implement the loading. Subsequently, simulations were conducted based on the test conditions. [Results] The results demonstrated a negligible deviation between the simulated and tested values of the additional axial stress in the pipeline. Furthermore, the simulated distribution patterns of soil pressure and axial stress aligned with those observed in the tests, thus the response patterns of soil pressure and axial stress were verified. Based on the verified finite element model, the impact of six parameters, i.e.,vehicle load, vehicle speed, pipe diameter, pipe wall thickness, fill height, and pipeline internal pressure, on the axial stress of the pipeline was explored through simulation by employing a single-variable approach. [Conclusion] The topsoil pressure and axial stress at the section beneath the crawler belts on both sides are higher than those at the central section. Conversely, the bottom axial stress is lower than that at the central section. Augmenting the pipe diameter, pipe wall thickness, or fill height can diminish the additional axial stress induced by vehicle rolling on the pipeline. However, altering the vehicle speed and pipeline internal pressure does not yield significant effects on the axial stress.The obtained mechanical response patterns of the buried pipeline can be used as a reference for evaluating the safety margin of pipelines under heavy-duty vehicle rolling.

In order to explore the impact of higher-order structures with smaller scales on key node group mining problems and with the goal of optimizing network propagation, a key node group recognition algorithm was proposed based on motif structure and degree information.Firstly, the influence of nodes was evaluated based on the motif structure, and the core nodes of the motif structure were excavated.Then, the VIKOR method was used to fuse it with degree information.Finally, the seed exclusion algorithm was used to exclude the neighbors of the seed nodes, effectively reducing the problem of influence overlap.Based on the SIR propagation model, six different undirected networks were selected for comparison with four benchmark algorithms.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better in terms of accuracy and stability.

Excavation can induce the settlement deformation of adjacent buried pipeline. Obtaining the deformation is of great significance for evaluating the normal use and safety of pipeline. In this study, based on the elastic foundation beam theory, the calculation formula of the settlement displacement of buried pipeline is derived, and the influence of the two parameters of the surface center settlement and the calculation length on the settlement displacement of pipelines is emphatically analyzed. According to the geometric relationship between the buried pipeline and the edge of the foundation pit, the calculation length can be used to divide into five working conditions. The rationality of the analytical method is verified by comparing with two cases. In the case of excavation in Beijing, the spatio-temporal variation rules of settlement displacement of buried pipeline were analyzed. The results show that the variated trend of the calculated settlement displacement in different periods is consistent with that from measurement, but the calculated value is slightly higher than the measured value. The surface center settlement has a significant influence on the pipeline settlement displacement. larger input causes more concave settlement curve, and smaller input leads to smoother settlement curve. The decreasing rate of settlement displacement increases from the central point to end, and decreases near the boundary point, with the range of about one tenth of the calculated length. The proposed method in this study is conservative in the evaluation of pipeline settlement, which is a supplement to the existing settlement calculation theory of buried pipelines, and can provide a important information for predicting the distribution of pipeline settlement in the early stage of construction.

In order to explore the composition of volatile flavor components in rice husk, a method for identification and analysis of chemical components in rice husk was established by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with automatic mass spectral deconvolution and identification system (AMDIS) and retention index (RI). The parameters of HS-SPME were optimized by orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were sample mass 10 g, extraction temperature 60 ℃, and time 50 min. A total of 173 volatile compounds were identified in rice husk. Among them, there were 17 alcohols (10.06%), 23 aldehydes (15.28%), 11 acids (40.26%), 6 esters (2.00%), 21 ketones (4.22%), 7 furans (1.34%), 1 furanone (0.15%), 3 pyazines (0.14%), 6 lactones (1.95%), 44 aromatic compounds (11.44%), 21 hydrocarbons (4.43%), 7 heterocyclic compounds (1.15%), 1 sulfur-containing compound (0.04%), and 5 terpenes (7.54%).

Based on the analysis of the fluid inclusion homogenization temperature and apatite fission track on the northern slope zone of the Bongor Basin in Chad, this paper studied the time and stages of hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area. The results show that: (1) The brine inclusions of the samples from the Kubla and Prosopis formations in the Lower Cretaceous coexisting with the hydrocarbon generally present two sets of peak ranges of homogenization temperature, with the peak ranges of low temperature and high temperature being 75–105 °C and 115–135 °C, respectively; (2) The samples from the Kubla and Prosopis formations have experienced five tectonic evolution stages, i.e., rapid subsidence in the Early Cretaceous, tectonic inversion in the Late Cretaceous, small subsidence in the Paleogene, uplift at the turn of the Paleogene and Neogene, and subsidence since the Miocene, in which the denudation thickness of the Late Cretaceous and after the turn of the Paleogene and Neogene are ~1.8 km and ~0.5 km, respectively. The cumulative denudation thickness of the two periods is about 2.3 km; (3) Using the brine inclusion homogenization temperature coexisting with the hydrocarbon as the capture temperature of the hydrocarbon, and combining with the apatite fission track thermal history modeling, the result shows that the Kubla and Prosopis formations in the Lower Cretaceous on the northern slope of the Bongor Basin have the same hydrocarbon accumulation time and stages, both of which have undergone two stages of hydrocarbon charging at 80–95 Ma and 65–80 Ma. The first stage of charging corresponds to the initial migration of hydrocarbon at the end of the Early Cretaceous rapid sedimentation, while the second stage of charging is in the stage of intense tectonic inversion in the Late Cretaceous.

In order to study the influence of electrical parameters on the film formation mechanism and film properties of aluminum-lithium alloy micro-arc oxidation in DC mode，2195 aluminum lithium alloy was used as the research object to prepare micro-arc oxidation ceramic film in a silicate phosphate alkaline electrolyte system under different current densities in a DC steady current mode.The surface and cross-sectional morphology， elemental composition and phase composition of micro-arc oxidation film were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)，energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The corrosion resistance and wear resistance of different ceramic film were measured by using an electrochemical workstation and a friction and wear tester.Results showed that the ceramic film mainly contained O，Al， Si， and P elements， and the phase composition of the film layer was mainly γ-Al2O3 and a small amount of α-Al2O3.In the range of current density 4～16 A/dm2， with the increase of current density，the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the film layer first increased and then decreased.When the current density was 8 A/dm2， the as-prepared film possessed the optimal corrosion resistance， with the self-corrosion current density of 5.171 8×10-7 A/cm2 and the dense layer resistance Rb of 3.323×104 Ω·cm2.When the current density was 8 A/dm2，the as-prepared film had the best wear resistance， and the wear mechanism was a mixture of fatigue wear and abrasive wear， with a wear rate of 0.343 75×10-6 cm3/(N·m).

Objective To evaluate ultrasound guided cervical nerves pathway block (CNPB) for internal jugular vein cannulation in awake patients. Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent elective jugular vein puncture and catheterization at Nanjing Pukou District Hospital of Chinese Medicine from June to December 2021 were selected and divided into ultrasound guided CNPB group (group B, n=50) and local infiltration anesthesia group (group C, n=50). Both groups underwent internal jugular vein catheterization under ultrasound guidance. The outcome indicators were the Numeric Rating Scales (NRS), Bruggrmann Comfort Scale (BCS), hemodynamic parameters, sleeping quality, and the complications. The results were recorded in the morning of the cannulation operation (T0), during the operation (T1), 5 min after the cannulation (T2), that night of the cannulation (T3), postoperative day 1 (T4), postoperative day 2 (T5). Results The NRS of group B were significantly lower than that of group C at T1 and T3. The BCS of group B were higher than group C at T1, T2, T3, and T4. The heart rate and systolic blood pressure at T1 in group B were dramatically lower than group C. At T3 and T4, sleeping quality of group B was better than group C (P＜0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound guided CNPB, as the anesthesia for internal jugular vein cannulation in awake patients, can effectively reduce the NRS scaling and improve the BCS and sleeping quality without obvious adverse reactions.

Based on the 20%， 40%， 60% and 80% quantiles of the daily cumulative energy of downward shortwave radiation， the four-component radiation observation data observed by the Haibei Animal Husbandry Experimental Station of China Meteorological Administration from September 2014 to December 2020 were divided into five groups.The influence of difference in downward shortwave radiation on the radiation balance of meadow grassland has been analyzed， which provided a basis for clarifying the changes and causes of radiation balance under different sunlight conditions.The results show that the downward shortwave radiation energy in the whole year is 8192.9 MJ·m-2·a-1， which can be theoretically received under the condition of abundant sunlight.Under normal sunlight， it is only 80% of that in the condition of abundant sunlight， while this proportion is only 40% under the condition of less sunlight.The downward shortwave radiation received by the surface under different sunlight conditions showes a very significant logarithmic increase trend in the same month， and the difference between the groups exceeds the difference between different season.There are also large differences between the groups of upward shortwave radiation and atmospheric longwave radiation.However， the upward shortwave radiation increases with the increase of solar radiation， due to the change of air humidity and cloudiness， while the atmospheric longwave radiation decreases with the increase of solar radiation.The variation of surface longwave radiation under different sunlight conditions is small， and does not exceed 3%.Although the difference in surface longwave radiation is not significant between the three sunlight conditions， due to the small amount of downward shortwave radiation received under the condition of less sunlight， the surface longwave radiation is 3.4 times more than the downward shortwave radiation， while it is only 1.4 and 1.7 times under the other two lighting conditions.As the increase of sunlight， the net shortwave radiation received by the surface increases， and the net longwave radiation also increases.Therefore， the energy absorbed by the radiation under different sunlight conditions accounts for 36% to 39% of the downward shortwave radiation energy received in each case.In addition， the difference of sunlight conditions also affect the linear regression model between downward shortwave radiation and net total radiation.The coefficient of determination and slope of the relationship model are the smallest under the condition of less sunlight.The coefficient of determination of the relationship model are above 0.85 for both normal and abundant sunlight.However， the slope is 1 when the sunlight is normal， while the slope is 0.87 when the sunlight is abundant.

Salted duck eggs are a type of traditional Chinese pickled delicacy, and moisture and lipid content are important indexes for evaluating the quality during processing. This study used a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system in conjunction with chemometrics to investigate the content change and distribution of moisture and lipid during different salting stages of duck eggs. The HSI was used to obtain reflectance spectral information of salted duck eggs in the 432~961 nm wavelength range. To minimize the noise in spectral signals, three preprocessing methods including Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG), Gauss filter smoothing (Gauss), and standard normal variation (SNV) were used. The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to select the optimal wavelengths for predicting moisture and lipid content, and then the partial least squares regression (PLSR) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods were used to predict moisture and lipid content quantitatively. Results showed that ANN model could exhibited a better performance in predicting moisture and lipid content with coefficients of determination of the protein moisture, yolk moisture and yolk lipid of 0.9306, 0.9552 and 0.8896 respectively. Finally, the ANN model was used to create a distribution map of moisture and lipid content in the profile of salted duck eggs. The visualization distribution maps successfully display the distribution of moisture and lipid content during different salting periods. This study could lead to the development of a rapid detection method based on spectrum technology for production and processing of salted duck egg industry.

BackgroundPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the main components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), have a certain impact on ambient air quality, and long-term exposure to PAHs may pose potential health risks to human beings. ObjectiveTo identify the distribution characteristics and sources of PAHs in atmospheric PM2.5 in a district of Taizhou City from 2019 to 2021, and to evaluate the health risks of PAHs to the population in the area through the inhalation pathway. MethodsFrom 2019 to 2021, air PM2.5 sampling was carried out at a state-controlled surveillance point in a district of Taizhou City for 7 consecutive days on the 10th-16th of each month, the sampling time was 24 h·d−1, and the sampling flow rate was 100 L·min−1. PM2.5 mass concentration was calculated by gravimetric method. A total of 16 PAHs were determined by ultrasonic extraction-liquid chromatography. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the distribution charac teristics of PAHs concentrations by years and seasons, characteristic ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze their sources, and a lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) model was used to assess the health risk of PAHs. ResultsFrom 2019 to 2021, the annual average concentrations [M (P25, P75)] of ∑PAHs in atmospheric PM2.5 in the selected district of Taizhou City were 6.52 (2.46, 10.59), 8.52 (4.56, 12.29), and 3.72 (1.51, 7.11) ng·m−3, respectively, and the annual benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) excess rates (national limit: 1 ng·m−3) were 27.38% (23/84), 47.62% (40/84), and 19.04% (16/84), respectively, both presenting 2020> 2019 > 2021 (P

BackgroundExposure to diisononyl phthalate (DINP), an endocrine disruptor associated with metabolic diseases and widely used in plastic products, has been linked to the development of several adverse health outcomes in the liver, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and the possible molecular mechanisms of DINP exposure on lipid metabolism in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 cells). MethodsFirst, HepG2 cells were treated with DINP at three time spots (24, 48, and 72 h) and eleven doses (0, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 mmol·L−1). Cell viability were detected using cell counting kit 8 (CCK8). Intracellular lipid deposition was determined by oil red O staining and lipid content detection, and triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) were further detected. Finally, the mRNA expression levels were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, including fatty acid synthesis related genes [acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (Accα), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (Mlycd), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (Srebp1)] and β-oxidation related genes [peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (Pparα), AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (Cpt-1a), transcription factor A, mitochondrial (Tfam), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and coactivator 1 alpha (Pgc1-α)]. ResultsCompared with the control group (0 mmol·L−1), the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) of HepG2 cell viability were 0.3, 0.1, and 0.1 mmol·L−1 after 24, 48, and 72 h exposure to DINP, respectively, and the corresponding lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAEL) were 1, 0.3, and 0.3 mmol·L−1, respectively (P

In this study, a novel intelligent gel label for the real-time monitoring of the freshness of fresh-cut netted melon was fabricated using carrageenan, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum as the matrix materials and bromothymol blue (BTB) as the chromogenic indicator. The color of the gel label changed from blue to yellow-green, yellow-brown and orange-yellow according to the CO2 concentration inside the package, which could reflect the freshness of fresh-cut netted melon. The morphology and structure of the gel label were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG). The results showed the microstructure of the gel labels did not change with the addition of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum, which indicated the three components were well compatible, while the thermal stability of the gel label was improved with the addition of BTB. The gel label showed excellent color stability during storage at 4 or 25 ℃ and its color changed obviously with the storage of fresh-cut netted melon at 4 ℃. The correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the label’s color difference and the CO2 concentration in the package as well as the pH and total aerobic plate counts of fresh-cut netted melon. This gel label had excellent pH sensitivity and thus could be used as an effective method for monitoring the freshness of fresh-cut netted melon.

The steeply dipping coal seam is one of the main forms of coal storage in China. It is widely and regionally distributed. According to incomplete statistics, twenty-six provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government are involved in the mining of such coal seams, with abundant reserves, large production and high production concentration in the central and western regions. It shows diversity and complexity in terms of the conditions of existence, with different regions having different coal formation periods and different tectonic control processes, forming diverse and complex mining conditions and giving rise to different mining technology requirements. The mining of steeply dipping coal seam is technically difficult. The asymmetry of the movement and damage of the peripheral rock in the mining area affected by the inclination angle of the coal seam is obvious, and the difficulty of the stability control of the support system and equipment, the matching and coordination of the “three machines”, the layout and support of the mining roadway, and the safety guarantee of the “human-machine” environment at the working face has increased significantly, which seriously restricts the safe and efficient mining of the mine. This has seriously restricted the improvement of safe and efficient mining. The regional economic demand for the mining of steeply dipping coal seam is strong. This kind of coal seams and the production of more concentrated areas are mostly seen in the coal industry-based resource cities, the economic structure is relatively single, the safe and efficient development and utilization of coal resources for the regional energy supply, people’s livelihood, economic stability has the role of the bottom of the pocket, the demand is urgent. For a long time, mining technologies for the steeply dipping coal seam changes focus on solving the “difficult” and “need” contradiction. In the coal mining methods and techniques, strata control theory and technology, complete sets of equipment development and application of the three aspects of continuous improvement, innovation, development, to achieve the transformation from non-mechanized to fully-mechanized mining, the level of safety and production efficiency has increased dramatically, the personnel labor intensity has decreased dramatically, and the operating environment has improved significantly. In the mid-1990s, Lvshuidong Coal Mine of Sichuan Coal Industry Group Limited Liability Company successfully realized longwall fully-mechanized mining in steeply dipping coal seam with medium mining height for the first time, breaking through the "forbidden zone" in this filed. Under this demonstration, the three pioneering engineering practices of longwall fully-mechanical mining of steeply dipping coal seam with thick mining height, steeply dipping coal seam with large mining height, and longwall fully-mechanical mining of steeply dipping coal seam with thin mining height in pseudo-inclination have been successful successively, which innovated the non-linear limiting arrangement of the working face and the way of adjusting the slanting, established a multi-dimensional interactive control mode of the system stability of the “bracket-surrounding rock”, and researched and developed the “support and stability and heavy weight, high-strength and light-weight, safe and reliable, and matching synergistic” complete set of equipment of the working face, which has achieved good results, and the scope of application of the comprehensive mechanized mining technology has further been widened. At the same time, there are still many key scientific problems and technical bottlenecks that need to be broken through in the mining of steeply dipping coal seams, resulting in a large gap between the intelligence level and that of the flat/gently inclined coal seams. Research on the mining dynamics of coal and rock bodies in inclined bedded coal beds, revealing their control mechanisms on the disaster of the surrounding rocks in the mining field, and realizing quantitative characterization need to be further strengthened. It is necessary to further clarify the multi-dimensional dynamic process and law between the system of “rock-bearing structure - mining equipment group”, improve the theoretical and technological basis of “multi-dimensional dynamic multi-objective synergistic control of equipment and surrounding rock”, and realize the transformation and application of the technology. On the basis of breakthroughs in scientific issues, we will carry out systematic technological innovation and research and development of coal mining methods, mining techniques, rock formation control, and complete sets of equipment, so as to crack the bottleneck of the constraints on the double enhancement of “safety and efficiency” in the mining of steeply dipping coal seams, and make the upper limit of the inclination of the steeply dipping coal seams for comprehensive mechanized mining extend upward under the prerequisite of reliable technological safeguards, so as to lay the foundation for the realization of automated and intelligent mining.

In order to clarify the characteristic compounds and establish the authenticity evaluation method of heptapleurum honey, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS) was used to qualitative and quantitative analysis of characteristic compounds in heptapleurum honey. Five compounds were identified including 4-(1'-cyclodiethyl ether-3'-butanediol)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone (Unedone B), 3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamyl alcohol, 4-(1'2'-dihydroxy-3'epoxypropane) -3,5,5-2-cyclohexenone (Unedone C), trans, trans abscisic acid, and cis, trans abscisic acid. Notably, 3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamyl alcohol was first found in honey, and it could be a marker of heptapleurum honey. Moreover, 10 raw heptapleurum honey samples with different geographic origins were collected to establish HPLC fingerprint. The authenticity of six commercial heptapleurum honey samples were evaluated by combining characteristic compound with HPLC fingerprint. The results demonstrated that three brands of sample were genuine pure heptapleurum honey, two brands of sample might be mixed with other honeys. A brand sample did not contain characteristic compound and were significantly different with the standard fingerprints of heptapleurum honey. It was inferred that the sample was not heptapleurum honey. This study provides theoretical reference for the authenticity evaluation of heptapleurum honey.

Identifying the characteristics of coal fine development and production can guide the exploration and development of coalbed methane (CBM). In this paper, drilling coring, logging information, drainage and production data, and coal fine samples from CBM wells were collected in Shizhuang area, Qinshui Basin, China. Based on logging interpretation, laser particle size analysis and mass fraction testing, the development characteristics of coal fine and its impact on production were systematically analyzed. The results show that the primary coal fine in the study area can be divided into five areas: complex coal fine development, coal fine at the bottom of the coal seam, no coal fine, less coal fine, and coal fine at the top and bottom of the coal seam. The output coal fine particle size distribution ranges from 0.4 μm to 3 300 μm, and the concentrated coal fine mass fraction ranges from 0 to 0.5. The development characteristics of coal fine affect the initial pulverized production time of CBM wells. The complex area generally produces coal fine for the first time before the occurrence of gas. The undeveloped areas and less developed areas generally produce coal fine for the first time after the occurrence of gas. Affected by the development of coal fine near the wellbore, the coal fine produced in the drainage and depressurization stage is mainly composed of medium and coarse particles, and the coal fine mass fraction is not high. Affected by the drainage intensity and the development characteristics of coal fine, the coal fine produced in the production and deflation stage is dominated by medium and fine particles, and the coal fine mass fraction is high and fluctuates greatly. In the stable gas production stage, CBM wells mainly produce primary coal fine and secondary coal fine produced by fracturing engineering in distal fractures. The coal fine particles and the mass fraction fluctuation are small. The output of coal fine in the gas production decay stage is small.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of methylglyoxal (MGO) in human brain microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3). Methods The hCMEC/D3 cells were incubated with MGO(0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mmol/L) for 24 h. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cellular LDH and SOD activities were determined by commercially available kits. The change of mitochondrion membrane potential was assessed by JC-1 probe. MitoSOX probe was used to observe mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) release. Results Compared with control, cell viability of hCMEC/D3 treated with MGO decreased in a concentration-dependent manner (P＜0.01). Increased LDH activity and decreased SOD activity were observed with MGO exposure(P＜0.01). The decrease of mitochondrion membrane potential and the excessive increase of mROS were induced after MGO exposure for 12 h, which were detected by JC-1 or MitoSOX probe. Conclusions MGO reduces cell viability and mitochondria membrane potential in hCMEC/D3 cells with excessive mROS generation.

【Objective】It aims to preliminarily reveal the effect of dietary supplementation with porcine Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 on the expression of intestinal extracellular matrix (ECM) in weaned piglets, providing references for the promotion and application of porcine LR1 in animal husbandry.【Method】One hundred and forty-four Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire crossbred weaned piglets with similar body weights at 21 days of age were selected and randomly divided into three treatment groups, which were fed a basal diet (control group, CON group), a basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg of aureomycin and 100 mg/kg of quinol (antibiotic group, AO group), and a basal diet supplemented with 5×1010 CFU/kg of porcine L. reuteri LR1 (porcine L. reuteri LR1 group, LR1 group), respectively, and each treatment group was divided into 8 pens for feeding, with 6 pigs in each pen. The experiment lasted for 42 days. On the 43rd day, one piglet from each group was randomly selected for slaughter, and samples of the duodenum (proximal), jejunum (middle), and ileum (distal) were taken for the detection of extracellular matrix related indicators such as intestinal collagen, fibronectin, tenascin and related regulatory factors.【Result】Masson staining observations showed that collagen fibers in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum all extended from the lower to the upper layers of the intestinal mucosa. Compared with the CON group, the collagen volume fraction of the duodenum decreased significantly in both the LR1 and AO groups (P < 0.05), and the collagen volume fraction of the ileum also decreased significantly in the LR1 group (P < 0.05). TMT high-throughput proteomics results showed that the ECM-receptor interaction pathway was one of the major differential protein-enriched pathways, and the expression of its differential proteins, COL1A2, COL4A2, COL6A1, ITGA1, and other ECM molecules, was significantly lower in the LR1 group than that in the CON group (P < 0.05). In addition, the gene expression of COL1A2, COL3A1 and ITGβ2 in jejunum and ileum of LR1 and AO groups was significantly reduced compared with the CON group (P < 0.05), and the gene expression of COL4A2, COL5A1, COL6A1, FN1, TNC, ITGα1 in jejunum, and ITGα1 in ileum was also significantly reduced in the LR1 group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant effect on COL4A2, COL5A1, COL6A1, FN1 and TNC in ileum. Compared with the CON group (P < 0.05), in the ileum of the LR1 and AO groups, the contents of Collagen Ⅰ, Collagen Ⅱ, Collagen Ⅲ, Collagen Ⅳ, Collagen Ⅴ and Collagen Ⅵ significantly decreased; the gene expression of ileal cellular regulatory factors SEC6A1 and PDE4D in LR1 group significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the AO group (P < 0.05), the gene expression of the extracellular regulator MMP2 was significantly lower in the LR1 group (P < 0.05); and the gene expression of the intracellular regulator SEC6A1 and cytokine TGF-β significantly decreased in the LR1 group.【Conclusion】Addition of porcine L. reuteri LR1 to the diet could modulate ECM remodeling by reducing gene expression of ECM regulators SEC6A1, PDE4D and other genes.

Permian Wujiaping Formation in Hongxing area of eastern Sichuan is rich in high-quality shale, and multiple wells have achieved high productivity of industrial gas. It is an important replacement block for the natural gas production capacity of the Jianghan Oilfield. However, due to the complex structure and lithology, deep burial depth of the target layer, and large fluctuations in the attitude of thin reservoirs, complex situations such as well leakage and collapse occuring frequently, low mechanical drilling speed, long drilling cycles, and difficulty in ensuring the drilling rate of high-quality reservoirs seriously restrict the benefit development. Based on the summary of previous data, the drilling difficulties were analyzed, the optimal design of drilling engineering was carried out, and some key rock breaking tools were selected to optimize the density and sealing performance of drilling fluid. The "three opening" wellbore structure with three different diameters, "irregular tooth PDC and mixed drill bits + high torque equal wall thickness screw + reinforced parameter drilling", simple pressure control by a rotary control head, and low density and strong sealing drilling fluid technology for "both leakage and collapse treatment" were formed. We have established a geological engineering integrated guidance technology based on "vertical depth prediction, segmented slope control, and five charts and one table", and proposed the direction for further improvement. The on-site application shows that: (1) the "three opening" wellbore structure with three different diameters meets the safety drilling requirements in Hongxing area, laying the foundation for drilling speed increase. The parameter drilling was enhanced by high-performance PDC, and the mechanical drilling speed of each opening is significantly improved. The drilling speed of the third opening section in the Permian formation increased by 15%, and the horizontal section increased by 22%; (2) The density reduction and nano sealing drilling fluid technology effectively reduced the number and time of complex treatments, and the time for complex treatments was reduced by 20.5% compared to the early implementation of wells; (3) The penetration rate of high-quality reservoirs significantly increased to 93.27%, an increase of 19.85% compared to the previous period.

For the problem of stick-slip vibration caused by hard rock formation in the process of drill bit penetrating in coal mine, and the discrete element method (DEM) was employed to study the rock cutting performance and stick-slip vibration behavior of PDC bit drilling in five typical different hardness rock strata. The result shows that the stick-slip phenomenon of the bit is more obvious with the increasing of the formation hardness, and in the ultra-hard rock layer, it slips on the rock surface and cannot be effectively drilled. The approach of increasing the rotational speed of the bit can weaken the stick-slip behavior to an extent, but it has no obvious effect on improving the drilling efficiency. The drilling performance of the bit can be improved by increasing drilling pressure, but it will also lead to more serious stick-slip vibration. The torsional impact method can effectively weaken or even inhibit the stick-slip vibration of the bit and improve the drilling performance. However, excessive torsional impact force will lead to an increase in the impact load on the bit.

Objective To investigate and analyze the factors affecting the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients. Methods A total of 184 patients with breast cancer who underwent SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection after NAC from January 2020 to September 2022 were collected from Taihe Hospital. The tracer effect of SLNB by carbon nanoparticles combined with methylene blue in patients after NAC was analyzed, and the influencing factors were examined by logistic regression analysis. Results The detection rate of SLNB after NAC was 98.9% (182/184), with a false-negative rate of 17.5% (14/80), accuracy of 92.3% (168/182), sensitivity of 82.5% (66/80), pathological complete response rate of 18.5% (34/184), and sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis rate of 36.3% (66/182). The consistency between SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection results was high (Kappa=0.841, P＜0.01). The false-negative rate of SLNB after NAC differed significantly in terms of initial axillary lymph node clinical status, total SLN count, and tumor molecular subtype (P＜0.05). Initial axillary lymph node clinical status and tumor location were independent factors affecting the accuracy of SLNB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P＜0.05). Conclusion SLNB may accurately predict axillary lymph node metastasis after NAC in patients with negative axillary lymph node for a preliminary diagnosis. Patients with positive axillary lymph node for a preliminary diagnosis are unsuitable for SLNB whether the clinical status of axillary lymph nodes turns negative or not after NAC.

Under the influence of the production process, fermented meat products are easily contaminated during processing and storage, posing safety risks and causing harms to human health. In this paper, the biological, chemical, physical and other hazardous factors of fermented meat products and the biological, chemical and physical control measures against these factors as well as their underlying mechanisms are systematically reviewed. Finally, the problems currently existing in the prevention and control of the harmful factors and follow-up research directions are discussed. Hopefully this review will provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of fermented meat products.