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Objective To explore the perioperative situation of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with laparoscopic hepatectomy or open hepatectomy and their effects on liver function. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 85 patients with HCC who visited the Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. According to the surgical methods, the patients were divided into open group (open hepatectomy, n=53) and laparoscopic group (laparoscopic hepatectomy, n=32). Both groups of patients were followed up for one month after discharge. The general information, intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications, and liver function indicators were compared between two groups of patients. Results Compared with the open group, the laparoscopic group had shorter hospitalization time ［(14.19±3.02) d vs (16.36±3.30) d, t=3.03, P＜0.01］, as well as shorter time for the first postoperative anal evacuation ［(2.30±0.77) d vs (2.75±0.49) d, t=3.29, P＜0.01］ and less intraoperative bleeding ［(395.63±70.25) mL vs (440.38±62.42) mL, t=3.05, P＜0.01］. Serum total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase levels were lower in the laparoscopic group than those in the open group at 3 days postoperatively, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). In the 1-month postoperative period, the difference in the overall rate of postoperative complications between the two groups was not statistically significant (15.63% vs 16.98%, χ2=0.92, P=0.34). Conclusion For patients with HCC, the application of laparoscopic hepatectomy is safe and feasible, which can reduce the impact on liver function, shorten hospitalization time, and promote early recovery.

This paper investigate the effect of acupoint massage combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine soaking therapy in the treatment of hand-foot syndrome caused by oral administration of capecitabine in a patient with colorectal cancer, and summarized related nursing measures. A set of interventions including reduced or discontinued chemotherapy drugs, oral administration of vitamin B6 tablets, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, and local use of hormone ointments failed to alleviate hand-foot syndrome. Individualized nursing plan was performed for the patient: Traditional Chinese Medicine soaking therapy and massage on acupoints of the large intestine meridian of the hand Yangming meridian and other local acupoints were carried out to relieve the symptoms of hand-foot syndrome. Symptoms of hand-foot syndrome were effectively relieved after treatment. The acupoint massage combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine soaking therapy is effective in alleviating hand-foot syndrome and reduce the adverse drugs reaction of oral administration of capecitabine, and contributes to the clinical treatment and improve of quality of life of the patient with colorectal cancer. (本文观察穴位按摩联合中药泡洗疗法治疗1例肠癌患者口服卡培他滨致手足综合征的效果, 总结护理经验。在应用一系列减量或停止化疗药物、口服维生素B6片、环氧合酶 2(COX-2)抑制剂、局部使用激素软膏等治疗方法后, 患者手足综合征未缓解。为患者制定个体化护理方案, 选择患者手阳明经大肠经穴位及其他局部穴位进行穴位按摩, 同时联合中药泡洗。治疗后患者双手温度恢复正常, 双手指脱屑缓解, 麻木伴刺痛感消失, 色素沉着轻微改变。采用穴位按摩联合中药泡洗疗法, 能够有效缓解手足综合征的症状, 减轻不良反应严重程度, 对确保临床治疗及护理效果、提升患者生活质量具有积极意义。)

Objective·To explore the feasibility of applying improved pathological section boxes based on image post-processing and 3D printing technology to assisting artificial intelligence (AI) in stitching pathological images of bone tumors.Methods·Bone tumor patients who underwent tumor resection surgery between February 2022 and August 2022 were enrolled. Patients and their postoperative tumor specimens were examined by CT and MRI. The skeletal anatomical landmarks of bone tumors were used to register the preoperative CT, and MRI and the postoperative CT images. The personalized pathological slice box was improved and 3D printed to guide the cutting direction of bone tumor specimens. The large pathological slices were grid-like segmented and performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. After AI stitching the pathological images, the pathological tumor boundaries were compared with the preoperative radiological boundaries.Results·Four patients with bone tumors (2 bone metastatic neoplasm, 1 osteosarcoma, and 1 chondrosarcoma; 3 males and 1 female) were collected to design the pathological section box with an average age of (40.25±25.70) years. The lesions included 3 cases of femur and 1 case of ilium. The mean maximum tumor diameter was (12.10±4.02) cm. The modified 3D printed pathological section box could fit the surface of bone tumor individually,and overcame the problems of difficult cutting or inaccurate cutting location caused by excessive movement of bone tumor specimens in the primary pathological section box. The pathological boundaries could be completely obtained and compared with the preoperative MRI boundaries for colocalization. The outline features of the section boxes could help AI to restore the permutation of pathological fragments, and the image stitching time decreased from the previous seventy hours to one hour while the boundary coincidence rates increased to 90%.Conclusion·The improved pathological section box of 3D printing can accurately assist AI in stitching pathological images, greatly improve the efficiency of pathological image stitching and achieve the colocalization between preoperative MRI and pathological images of bone tumor specimens.

In the process of deep coal seam mining, multiple factors affect the coal body damage-permeability characteristics.In order to reveal the evolution law of coal mining damage-permeability characteristics, the coal damage-permeability experiments under three mechanical paths of fixed confining pressure and increased axial pressure (path 1), fixed axial pressure and decreased confining pressure (path 2), increased axial pressure and decreased confining pressure (path 3) were carried out under different engineering conditions.Then the influence of factors such as loading and unloading methods, axial pressure loading rate, confining pressure unloading rate, and confining pressure on coal damage-permeability characteristics were analyzed.The results show that the different loading and unloading methods significantly affect the degree of sample damage, whose order is: path 1 < path 2 < path 3.The compressive strength of samples is easier to achieve with an increased rate of loading and unloading, but the extent of damage and permeability increase along with it.With the increase of confining pressure, the time response of damage becomes slow and the ultimate recovery degree of permeability decreases.The damage and permeability characteristics of coal have significant confining pressure effects.The cumulative amount of energy changes with time in an exponential function, and the relative permeability k/k0 after damage expansion is in a power function.

Aiming at the complexity of existing hydrometallurgical process mechanism and the poor accuracy of existing leaching process fault diagnosis methods, an improved dynamic causal diagram was studied to diagnose hydrometallurgical leaching process faults. The dynamic causal diagram was optimized and improved mainly by binary interval number, and the upper and lower limit of conditional probability were weighted to realize the fault diagnosis of hydrometallurgical leaching process. The results show that the fault diagnosis method is more accurate than the conventional method, and can diagnose the faults of leaching process more accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pd-based methanol synthesis catalysts are prepared by impregnation method. The effects of Pd loading and precursor salt on the performance of the catalysts are investigated. The results show that the higher the Pd loading, the higher the catalytic activity for methanol synthesis. The Pd-based catalysts prepared from acetate precursor have the highest catalytic activity for methanol synthesis. In the range of investigated conditions, the methanol selectivity is higher than 98%, and the thermal stability of all catalysts is 100%. The performance of Pd-based methanol synthesis catalysts supported on silicon spheres, γ-Al2O3, CeO2 is investigated. The results show that the specific surface area and pore size distribution of the support have a great influence on the activity of Pd-based catalysts. The larger the specific surface area, the higher the proportion of suitable pore size distribution, and the higher the CO conversion. The mesoporous alumina supports prepared by glucose hydrothermal synthesis are used to prepare of Pd-based methanol synthesis catalysts, and the CO conversion rate is greatly improved. The effects of four additives on the performance of Pd-based methanol synthesis catalysts are investigated. The results show that Mg and Ca are beneficial to improve the activity of the catalysts, and the introduction of Na and Ba is not conducive to improve the performance of Pd-based methanol synthesis catalysts. In particular, the presence of Na would not only reduce the activity of the catalysts, but also improve the selectivity of methanol. The introduction or residue of Na particles should be avoided in the process of catalysts preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To explore the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in pre-surgical planning of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Methods·The cases with DFSP in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May 2018 to March 2022 were enrolled. CT and MRI were conducted before surgery as a routine procedure. All the patients were randomly divided into MRI functional imaging group (CT plain scan and enhanced scan, MRI plain scan and enhanced scan, and DWI) and MRI conventional imaging group (CT plain scan and enhanced scan, and MRI plain scan and enhanced scan). The tumor boundaries of the two groups were outlined respectively by aligning CT with corresponding MRI images with computeraided design software Medraw [alignment of CT images with DWI images in MRI functional imaging group and alignment of CT images with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE) images in MRI conventional imaging group] in order to complete the DFSP 3D tumor models and the 3D visualization reports, and to design surgical plans. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were completely collected. The recurrence rate and postoperative satisfaction evaluation of the two groups were compared. Results·A total of 34 cases with DFSP having completed clinical and imaging information were enrolled in this research with an average age of (36.56±13.07) years. The tumor location of occurrence included 10 cases in the abdominal walls, 9 cases in the chest walls, 4 cases in the maxillofacial regions, 3 cases in the thighs, 3 cases in the shoulders, 2 cases in the hips, 2 cases in the waists, and 1 case in the feet. The average tumor diameter was (2.25±0.92) cm. Seventeen patients were included in the MRI functional imaging group and MRI conventional imaging group respectively with an average follow-up of (9.97±7.82) months. There were no significant differences in the basic clinical information between the two groups (P>0.05). The recurrence rate of the MRI functional imaging group (0) was lower than that of the MRI conventional imaging group (29.4%), and the postoperative aesthetic satisfaction rate in the former group (100%) was higher than that in the latter group (70.6%). There were statistically significant differences in these results between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion·DWI is more advantageous for tumor boundary determination compared with conventional MRI; DWI-based preoperative image planning can reduce DFSP recurrence rate and improve aesthetics of the operative area to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol is an important chemical raw material and clean fuel, which occupies a important position in chemical production. Using catalysts to convert carbon sources such as CO, CO2, CH4 to methanol is an environmentally friendly and sustainable means of energy utilization. Metal organic frameworks (MOF) and their derivatives as catalysts for methanol synthesis have attracted extensive attention. Combined with a variety of structural modification methods, methanol can be synthesized efficiently by using MOF host, MOF guest, MOF derivatives as catalysts. Due to their abundant catalytic sites, high contact area, regular channel and effective metal-carrier interaction, MOF and their derivatives play an increasingly important role in the field of methanol synthesis catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ZY1-02D satellite is the first hyperspectral operational satellite in China. To test the application ability of ZY1-02D hyperspectral loading data in geological and mineral survey' the authors identified lithologic and mineral information on the basis of data pre-processing' and the results were compared with GF-5 data. The application ability of the data was analyzed effectively in combination with the results of field survey. The results are as follows; the coincidence degree of ZY1-02D hyperspectral data reflectivity spectrum curve and geological body spectrum curve is high in shape, which can meet the requirements of rock and mineral information identification; through the identification of rock and mineral information in combination with the geological and mineral data of the study area, it is shown that the lithological information of marble, monzogranite, calcite and dolomite and alteration mineral information of chlorite and limonite are consistent with the measured results. The results show that the data has good recognition effect on the information of rocks and minerals' and can provide data guarantee for the application of hyperspectral technology in the field of geology and mineral exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize the resource utilization of waste cotton hulls in Xinjiang, the wrinkled cotton hulls adsorbent was prepared by chemical modification, and the adsorption behavior of malachite green dye was studied under constant temperature oscillation. The results show that the best adsorbent is obtained when the concentration of NaOH is 0.2 mol/L and the modification temperature is 25 °C. The single factor experiment showed that the optimal conditions of adsorption are as follows: the initial dye concentration is 500 mg/L, the ratio of solid to liquid is 3.20 g/L, and the adsorption time is 240 min at 30 °C. The optimal adsorption capacity and removal rate are 221.04 mg/g and 95.91%, respectively. The results were verified by response surface methodology. The optimal combination is as follows: adsorption time is 280 min, initial dye concentration is 400 mg/L, solid-liquid ratio is 3.20 g/L. The actual value of the combination is 120.80 mg/g, and the removal rate is 96.64%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spinning key points of Phosphorus-modified Flame retardant viscose 14.6 tex siro yarn were discussed. The relative humidity of picking process was focused and well controlled in order to reduce the generation of static electricity. In carding process, the coordination and management of each part such as licker-in, cylinder, flat and doff were strengthened to improve the fiber carding and reduce the fiber injury. In drawing process, the silver output speed was decreased and the cleaning work for the channel was well done. In roving process, the differences of roving elongation were well controlled. Siro spinning was adopted. The parameters of electrical cleaning were optimized. By taking a serial of processing optimization measures, the problems of Phosphorus-modified Flame retardant viscose fiber as easier generation of static electricity, lower strength, properties of loose and easily blocking up, easier generation of hairiness and so on were overcome. The Phosphorus-modified Flame retardant viscose 14. 6 tex siro yarn produced has excellent quality indexes. It can meet the weaving requirement of following process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study investigates the effect of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) on different stages of condylar three-dimensional position and provides a theoretical basis for clinical application. Methods The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 108 TMJOA patients were analyzed and divided into four stages based on the stage standard of osteoarthrosis X-ray performance proposed by Xuchen Ma in 2005. A total of 28 defect-free temporomandibular joint disorders were used as the control group. Differences in condylar position and condylar axis horizontal angle were evaluated and compared. Results No significant differences were found in terms of sagittal relationship, but condylar axis horizontal angle showed a significant difference (F=3.872, P=0.005). The horizontal angle values of stage 1 in the TMJOA group were lower than those in stages 2 and 3 (P=0.027, P=0.000), whereas the horizontal angle values of stage 2 and control groups were lower than those of stage 3 group (P=0.004, P=0.047). Conclusion Condylar horizontal angle differed in each stage of TMJOA, but no significant difference between the parasagittal positions of the condyles was observed in each stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The special appearance of biological ageing in skeletal system is senile osteoporosis (SOP), which impairs seriously the healthy state and life quality of the elderly. With the acceleration of population aging, how to prevent and treat SOP and SOP-induced osteoporotic fracture is a problem to be solved urgently in medical field, and is also a social problem. The development of appropriate animal models for SOP can benefit to explore the pathogenesis of SOP and to help the research and development of novel drugs. This review summarizes 3 SOP animal models, including the senescence-accelerated mouse strain P6, the D-galactose-induced aging animal model, and the naturally aged animal model, which are more often used in recent years, and reviews the respective pathogenesis of each animal model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental factors during the rice growing process have wide changes and most of the energy consumption of the sensor node is used for transmitting data. Meantime, wireless sensor networks on the basis of reliable communication consuming the lowest energy, has been a hot research topic. In order to establish a long time, stable and highly reliable wireless sensor network, a node for working on the rice fields was designed. The basis experiments study the relationship between plant height, leaf area, and the growth days and the impact on the radio channel. The basis results showed that the relationship of the plant height of the rice and the growth days caused attenuation to exist according to a logarithmic model, and the regression coefficient R2 was in the range of 0.9604 and 0.9485. Plant height and leaf area increase reduced the radio signal strength and communication success rate. The experimental results also showed that increasing the transmitting power could improve communication quality because of the rice growth factor for adverse wireless channel impact. First, sensor nodes use sleeping waking up as a working mechanism to reduce power consumption. Second, to extend the working time and improve communication quality, the node uses under rice growth cycle, the communication distance, the received signal strength, the average packet loss rate and other factors, automatically adjusts the transmitting power of the energy adaptive mechanisms. The experiments demonstrated that the larger transmitting power had the effective communication distance farther and rice density and height had important impact on the wireless communication. Finally, the verification experiments results proved that if the transmitting power was less than 5 dBm, the transmitting power changes had little effect on the working current of the node. Meantime, the verification experiments showed the node operating current was less than 40 mA. Moreover, with increasing transmit power the communication success rate improved dramatically. The node reducing the transmitting power in the allowable range still resulted in a high communication success rate. With this power adaptive strategy, the wireless node working in rice tiller and heading time, the impact of transmitting power changing on the communication quality was finished. The results showed that the average packet loss rate was 5% or less, and that the received signal strength stayed within acceptable range. In short, the node designing achieved the desired purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

以米糠蛋白（RBP）为碳源，采用水热合成法制备碳量子点，通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、高分辨率透射电子显微镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对制备的米糠蛋白碳量子点（RBP-CDs）的光学性能、形貌结构及表面官能团进行表征，并探究RBP-CDs在不同环境下的稳定性及应用于传感、细胞成像、荧光染色等领域的效果。结果表明：RBP-CDs在286 nm下有紫外吸收峰，其发射波长具有激发依赖性；RBP-CDs的形状近似球形，分散性好，尺寸均一，粒径为2~4 nm；RBP-CDs表面富含羟基、羧基，亲水性好；在pH 4～10及不同盐浓度条件下，RBP-CDs的荧光性能良好；在365 nm紫外灯长时间照射下，也表现出良好的光学稳定性，但在不同化学环境中RBP-CDs的荧光强度差别较大，主要与其表面缺陷态有关。荧光传感实验表明，RBP-CDs可作为Fe3+的“Turn-Off”型荧光传感器，检出限可达15.2 nmol/L。RBP-CDs具有较低的细胞毒性，可用于HepG-2细胞的染色成像。RBP-CDs可作为一种新型荧光标记材料，应用于细胞标记和细胞成像领域。 The carbon dots (CDs) were prepared by hydrothermal method using rice bran protein(RBP) as the carbon source. The optical properties, morphology and surface functional groups of the prepared rice bran protein carbon dots (RBP-CDs) were characterized by UV-vis absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the stability of RBP-CDs in different environments and their application in sensing, cell imaging and fluorescent staining were investigated. The results showed that RBP-CDs had a UV absorption peak at 286 nm, and its fluorescence emission wavelength was excitation-dependent. RBP-CDs were approximately spherical with good dispersibility and the uniform size, mainly concentrated in 2-4 nm. The surface of RBP-CDs was rich in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, so the hydrophilic property was better. In the pH 4-10 or high-salt environment, RBP-CDs had good fluorescence performance; under the long-term irradiation of 365 nm ultraviolet lamp, the fluorescence intensity did not change much, showing good optical stability; but the fluorescence intensity was different under different chemical environments, which was mainly related to the defect state of the RBP-CDs surface. The fluorescence sensing experiments showed that the RBP-CDs could be used as a “Turn-Off” fluorescence sensor for Fe3+, with a detection limit of 15.2 nmol/L,and it had lower cytotoxicity and could be used for staining and imaging of HepG-2 cells. RBP-CDs could be used as a new type of fluorescent labeling material for the cell labeling and cell imaging.

According to the Bio-economy Development Plan during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, biotechnology has become an effective force to promote future development. More than 220 universities and research institutes in China have got the right to confer master's degrees in bioengineering. Great attention has been paid to the cultivation of top innovative talents that can serve the innovation-driven development of the national bio-economy. In the last 15 years, the Research Center of Microbial-Manufacturing Engineering in Jiangnan University has built a diversified education platform, recruited high-level faculty members, and innovated the scientific research management. The new concept and method for cultivating the innovation capabilities of postgraduates in a multi-dimension and whole-process manner have been formed, which involved building a curriculum, focusing on major projects, and establishing a supervisor team. This cultivation mode has comprehensively improved the engineering and academic innovation capabilities of postgraduates majoring in bioengineering.

1, 3-propanediol is an important monomer for the production of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). Currently, it is mainly produced by microbial fermentation, which, however, has low production efficiency. To address this problem, this study employed atmospheric room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis technology and high-throughput screening to obtain a strain with high tolerance to osmotic pressure, which achieved a 1, 3-propanediol titer of 87 g/L. Furthermore, the gene expression elements suitable for Klebsiella pneumoniae were screened, and metabolic engineering was employed to block redundant metabolic pathways (deletion of ldhA , budA , and aldA ) and enhance the synthesis pathway (overexpression of dhaB and yqhD ). The titer of 1, 3-propanediol produced by the engineered strain increased to 107 g/L. Finally, in a 5 L fermenter, the optimal strain KP-FMME-6 achieved a 1, 3-propanediol titer of 118 g/L, with a glycerol conversion rate of 42% and productivity of 2.46 g/(h·L), after optimization of the fermentation parameters. This study provides a reference for the industrial production of 1, 3-propanediol.

Cadaverine is a fundamental C5 building block in the production of polyamides. Due to the limited regeneration efficiency of intracellular pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the current fermentation-based production of cadaverine exhibits low efficiency. In this study, we developed an Escherichia coli strain L01 by introducing lysine decarboxylase (lysine decarboxylase, LDC, a key enzyme in the synthesis of cadaverine) into a lysine-producing strain E . coli LY-4, achieving a cadaverine tier of 1.07 g/L in shake flask fermentation. Subsequently, a dual metabolic pathway enhancement strategy was proposed to synergistically strengthen both endogenous and exogenous PLP synthesis modules, thereby improving intracellular PLP synthesis. The optimized strain L11 achieved a cadaverine titer of 9.23 g/L in shake flask fermentation. Finally, the fermentation process for cadaverine production by strain L11 was optimized in a 5 L fermenter. After 48 h of fed-batch fermentation, the engineered strain L11 achieved the cadaverine titer, yield, and productivity of 54.43 g/L, 0.22 g/g, and 1.13 g/(L·h), respectively. This study provides a theoretical and technical foundation for establishing microbial cell factories for bioamine production.

The systemic inflammatory response caused by various pathogenic factors is a key stage in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). At present, suppression of the inflammatory response and symptomatic support are main methods for the treatment of ARDS. Alveolar epithelial autophagy has an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in ARDS. Autophagy is a normal immune mechanism in the body, and it is a metabolic process by which phagocytes degrade intracellular components with the help of lysosomes to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Current studies have shown that pathogenic factors both inside and outside the lung can cause alveolar epithelial cells to form an unfavorable internal environment of hypoxia, starvation, infection, and even apoptosis by triggering inflammatory responses, leading to autophagy dysfunction. Excessive autophagy activation can continue to aggravate inflammatory responses. Autophagy related proteins such as Beclin1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p62 are common autophagic markers in current research, which play a crucial role in regulating the autophagic process and the development of lung injury. Therefore, the expression of cellular autophagy genes can be used as early markers and important mechanisms of lung injury in septic ARDS. The Hippo signaling pathway is derived from the protein kinase Hippo in Drosophila, and the Hippo and autophagy are two conserved pathways that are essential for the protection of homeostasis in vivo. The mutual regulation of Hippo signaling pathway and autophagy is currently a hot topic in the academic community. This paper reviews the relevant literature to explore whether the Hippo signaling pathway can regulate cellular autophagy to alleviate the inflammatory response in septic ARDS, so as to provide further research directions for the treatment of ARDS.

Objective: To develop and validate a mechanical power (MP)-oriented nomogram prediction model of weaning failure in mechanically ventilated patients., Methods: Patients who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for more than 24 hours and were weaned using a T-tube ventilation strategy were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV v1.0 (MIMIC-IV v1.0) database. Demographic information and comorbidities, respiratory mechanics parameters 4 hours before the first spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), laboratory parameters preceding the SBT, vital signs and blood gas analysis during SBT, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and IMV duration were collected and all eligible patients were enrolled into the model group. Lasso method was used to screen the risk factors affecting weaning outcomes, which were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. R software was used to construct the nomogram prediction model and build the dynamic web page nomogram. The discrimination and accuracy of the nomogram were assessed by receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) and calibration curves, and the clinical validity was assessed by decision curve analysis (DCA). The data of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation hospitalized in ICU of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City and the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City from November 2021 to October 2022 were prospectively collected to externally validate the model., Results: A total of 3 695 mechanically ventilated patients were included in the model group, and the weaning failure rate was 38.5% (1 421/3 695). Lasso regression analysis finally screened out six variables, including positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), MP, dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), inspired oxygen concentration (FiO 2 ), length of ICU stay and IMV duration, with coefficients of 0.144, 0.047, -0.032, 0.027, 0.090 and 0.098, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the six variables were all independent risk factors for predicting weaning failure risk [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were 1.155 (1.111-1.200), 1.048 (1.031-1.066), 0.968 (0.963-0.974), 1.028 (1.017-1.038), 1.095 (1.076-1.113), and 1.103 (1.070-1.137), all P < 0.01]. The MP-oriented nomogram prediction model of weaning failure in mechanically ventilated patients showed accurate discrimination both in the model group and external validation group, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) and 95%CI of 0.832 (0.819-0.845) and 0.879 (0.833-0.925), respectively. Furthermore, its predictive accuracy was significantly higher than that of individual indicators such as MP, Cdyn, and PEEP. Calibration curves showed good correlation between predicted and observed outcomes. DCA indicated that the nomogram model had high net benefits, and was clinically beneficial., Conclusions: The MP-oriented nomogram prediction model of weaning failure accurately predicts the risk of weaning failure in mechanical ventilation patients and provides valuable information for clinicians making decisions on weaning.

Objective: To analyze the differentially expressed gene (DEG) in rats with sepsis-induced exogenous acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and explore the early diagnosis and protective mechanism of sepsis-induced ARDS at the transcriptome level., Methods: Twelve 6 to 8 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced sepsis-induced ARDS model group (model group, intraperitoneal injection of LPS 15 mg/kg) and control group (intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of normal saline), with 6 rats in each group. RNA was extracted from the left lung tissue of the two groups, and the paired-end sequencing mode of the illumina Hiseq sequencing platform was used for high-throughput sequencing. The DESeq2 software was used to screen DEG with |log 2 (fold change, FC)| ≥ 3 and P < 0.001. Gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on DEG. STRING and CytoScape software were used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and screen key genes. The peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of 20 septic patients admitted to the emergency and critical care medical department of Lianyungang First People's Hospital from March to November 2021 and 20 age-matched healthy people in the same period were isolated and extracted, and the key genes were verified by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)., Results: A total of 286 DEG were screened, including 202 up-regulated genes and 84 down-regulated genes. GO enrichment analysis showed that DEG was mainly involved in biological processes such as neutrophil chemotaxis migration, antibacterial humoral response, host immune response, and humoral immune response. KEGG analysis showed that DEG mainly played a biological role through interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and chemokine signaling pathway. In PPI analysis, a total of 262 node proteins were screened, and the interaction relationship was 852 edges. The first 15 key genes were IL-6, TNF, IL-10, IL-1β, chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL10, chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), CXCR2, CXCL9, chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7), CXCL11, CCL1, CXCL13, CCL12, and CCL22. Five representative key genes were performed on PBMC of blood samples from septic ARDS patients and healthy controls by RT-qPCR. The results showed that their expression was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls [IL-6 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt ): 2.803±1.081 vs. 0.951±0.359, TNF mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt ): 2.376±0.799 vs. 1.150±0.504, CXCL10 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt ): 2.500±0.815 vs. 1.107±0.515, CXCR3 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt ): 1.655±0.628 vs. 0.720±0.388, CCL22 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt ): 1.804±0.878 vs. 1.010±0.850, all P < 0.05], and the trends were consistent with the RNA-Seq results., Conclusions: Biological processes such as chemotactic migration and degranulation of inflammatory cells, cytokine immune response, and signal pathways such as CXCL10/CXCR3 and IL-17 play important roles in the occurrence and development of sepsis-related exogenous ARDS, which would provide new ideas and targets for further study of lung injury mechanisms and clinical prevention and treatment.

Objective: To explore the diagnosis process and treatment experience of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with heparin resistance (HR)., Methods: The medical team of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang admitted 2 severe COVID-19 patients with HR in intensive care unit (ICU) during their support to the designated hospital for the treatment of COVID-19 patients in Lianyungang City in November 2021. The clinical features, laboratory examinations, imaging features, treatment and prognosis of the two patients were analyzed., Results: Both severe COVID-19 patients received mechanical ventilation, 1 patient was treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Both patients were complicated with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and HR phenomenon under routine dose anticoagulant therapy. The maximum daily dose of unfractionated heparin exceeded 35 000 U (up to 43 200 U), the 2 patients failed to meet the standard of anticoagulation treatment, and the course of disease was prolonged. After that, argatroban was given 0.4 μg×kg -1 ×min -1 combined with anticoagulant therapy, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of patients undergoing ECMO could be maintained at 55-60 seconds and the activated coagulation time (ACT) of them could be maintained at 180-200 seconds. After ECMO support or later sequential mechanical ventilation, both patients recovered and were discharged, and deep venous thrombosis was also effectively controlled., Conclusions: HR phenomenon often occurs during the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients, the anticoagulation regimen should be adjusted in time, and the anticoagulation effect combined with argatroban is clear.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of mechanical power (MP) in patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IIIv1.4 (MIMIC-III v1.4)., Methods: The information of ARDS patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for no less than 48 hours who were hospitalized at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts from June 2001 to October 2012 in the MIMIC-III v1.4 were collected. The demographics of patients, disease severity scores, ARDS etiology, prognostic indicators, pre-ventilation arterial blood gas analysis and respiratory parameters within 48 hours of ventilation were extracted. According to the lowest oxygenation index (PaO 2 /FiO 2 ) before ventilation, the patients were divided into mild to moderate ARDS group (> 150 mmHg, 1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa) and moderate to severe ARDS group (≤ 150 mmHg), and the differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups were compared. The independent predictors associated with the severity of ARDS were analyzed using Logistic regression. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of MP for moderate to severe ARDS. The Youden index was used to determine the diagnostic threshold of MP for moderate to severe ARDS. According to the cut-off value of MP based on Youden index, all ARDS patients were divided into high and low MP groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the 28-day survival status of patients., Results: A total of 403 ARDS patients were enrolled in the study, including 107 subjects with mild to moderate ARDS and 296 with moderate to severe ARDS. There were significant differences in age, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, the lowest PaO 2 /FiO 2 before ventilation, the last PaO 2 /FiO 2 before ventilation, 28-day mortality, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in the second 24 hours of ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), plateau pressure (Pplat), driving pressure (ΔP), respiratory rate (RR), lung static compliance (Cst), MP, inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO 2 ) within 48 hours of ventilation between the two groups. After adjusting variables such as age, SOFA score, the last PaO 2 /FiO 2 before ventilation, and related respiratory mechanics parameters, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher ΔP, PEEP and MP, and lower last PaO 2 /FiO 2 before ventilation were independently associated with moderate to severe ARDS [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.137 (1.032-1.252), 1.333 (1.139-1.561), 1.102 (1.030-1.179), and 0.996 (0.993-0.998), respectively, all P < 0.01]. The ROC curve analysis showed that the best cut-off value of MP for the diagnosis of moderate to severe ARDS was 18.1 J/min with sensitivity of 81.42% and specificity of 60.75%, and the AUC was 0.745 (95%CI was 0.690-0.799). According to the cut-off value of MP obtained by ROC curve, all ARDS patients were divided into high MP group (> 18.1 J/min) and low MP group (≤ 18.1 J/min). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the 28-day cumulative survival rate in the high MP group was significantly lower than that in the low MP group (73.8% vs. 85.1%; Log-Rank test: χ 2 = 5.660, P = 0.017)., Conclusions: MP is an independent predictor of the severity of ARDS, and it can be used to diagnose moderate to severe ARDS.

Thiram is an important dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicide. In the United States and the European Union, the limit range of thiram is 0.1-15 mg/kg in fruits and vegetables, but there is no specific limit for grains. The maximum residue limit (MRL) for wheat is 1 mg/kg (calculated as carbon disulfide, CS 2 ) in the National Food Safety Standard (GB 2763-2019). At present, the relevant regulation methods in China are targeted at the detection of dithiocarbamates and are incapable of detecting thiram specifically. CS 2 is produced by the reaction of dithiocarbamate and acid, and it is then determined by spectrophotometry or GC; this renders the quantification of dithiocarbamate indirect. HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS methods are also reported for the detection of thiram. Most of the literature focuses on the determination of thiram in vegetables, fruits, soil, etc. In these methods, thiram is converted into dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMD) anions in an alkaline buffer solution, and DMD can be determined by HPLC-UV or LC-MS. However, ziram can also be converted into the DMD anion under alkaline conditions. Therefore, thiram cannot be distinguished from ziram, and this may produce false-positive results. Research has shown that in the presence of sulfite, thiram is converted into a DMD-sulfite adduct, which can be a marker for the selective determination of thiram. Furthermore, thiram can be directly detected by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS after extraction with dichloromethane, chloroform, hexane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, or methanol and clean-up by solid phase extraction in vegetables and fruits. However, until now, few studies have reported the determination of thiram in wheat flour and flour improvers. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop a method for thiram in wheat flour. In this study, an analytical method based on HPLC-DAD was developed for the determination of thiram in wheat flour and flour improvers. The wheat flour and flour improver samples were extracted using acetonitrile. After shaking for 15 min, the samples were ultrasonicated for 10 min in an ice-water bath. The supernatant was filtered before separation on a ZORBAX plus-C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The samples were eluted with a water-acetonitrile solvent system and detected at 280 nm. In this research, the extraction solvent, extraction solvent volume, ultrasonic conditions, chromatographic column, determination wavelength, and mobile phase were optimized. The retention times and UV spectra were used for qualitative analysis, and the external standard method was used to quantify thiram. Stability tests of standard stock solutions, a series of standard solutions, and extraction solutions were also performed. The standard stock solutions could be stored for at least 21 d, and the series of standard solutions could be stored for 14 d under refrigeration at 4 ℃. The standard solution was either exposed to light at room temperature for 4 h or kept in dark at room temperature for 48 h, and no obvious degradation was observed. This revealed that thiram was stable in acetonitrile solution during our investigation. It was suggested that the extraction solution should be analyzed as soon as possible. The linear range was 0.30-30.0 μg/mL. The peak area of the analyte showed a good linear relationship with its corresponding concentration, and the correlation coefficient ( r 2 ) was 0.99999. When the spiked levels were 1.5, 3.0, and 15 mg/kg, the spiked recoveries of thiram were 89.6%-98.3%, with relative standard deviations of 1.6%-3.9% ( n =6). The limits of determination and quantification for thiram were 0.5 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. The results revealed that this method is simple, rapid, and specific, in addition to having high precision, good repeatability, and a low limit of detection. The method is thus suitable for the daily routine analysis of thiram in wheat flour and flour improvers.

Mycotoxins are low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites produced by different fungal species, which can cause teratogenic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, hemorrhagic, and immunosuppressive effects, and damage the reproductive system in humans and other mammals. Mycotoxins are often present at low concentrations in the matrices and present a branch of compounds, homologs, and isomers. Vegetable oil is one of the top mycotoxin-contaminated foods. Vegetable oil contains lipids, fatty acids, and pigments, which have the potential to increase matrix effects and damage instruments. Therefore, the establishment of high-efficient sample pretreatment methods, and highly sensitive and high-throughput detection techniques are big challenges for the accurate determination of various mycotoxins in vegetable oil. In the present study, the current status and development trends of mycotoxin detection methods in different vegetable oils have been reviewed. Different pretreatment methods such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, gel permeation chromatography, dynamic covalent hydrazine chemistry, and QuEChERS are also summarized. Additionally, characteristics of detection techniques such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, and immunosensors are discussed.

Objective: To investigate the clinical correlations between mechanical power (MP) and lung ultrasound score (LUS), and analyze their evaluation value of prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)., Methods: Patients with moderate to severe ARDS, who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of the Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. The MP and LUS were recorded 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after ICU admission. The patients were divided into death group and survival group according to the 28-day prognosis. The trends of MP and LUS in the two groups and their differences between groups were analyzed. Then the MP and LUS were analyzed by bivariate correlation analysis, and their correlations with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), oxygenation index (PaO 2 /FiO 2 ), and blood lactate (Lac) were also analyzed. The predictive value of MP and LUS 0 hour and 72 hours in ICU for 28-day mortality in patients with moderate to severe ARDS was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve., Results: At the end, 83 patients were enrolled, with 32 died and 51 survived in 28-day. The Lac level, APACHE II and SOFA in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group, while PaO 2 /FiO 2 was significantly lower than the survival group, and the other baseline indicators were not statistically significant between the two groups. As the treatment time increased, the MP and LUS of the survival group showed a significant decrease trend, while the death group showed a significant upward trend. The MP and LUS of the death group 0, 24, 48, 72 hours after ICU admission were significantly higher than those of the survival group [MP (J/min): 20.97±3.34 vs. 17.20±4.71, 21.56±3.48 vs. 16.87±3.85, 22.72±2.97 vs. 16.13±3.52, 25.81±3.46 vs. 15.24±3.78; LUS: 19.17±3.31 vs. 16.27±4.28, 20.28±3.65 vs. 15.27±3.23, 21.53±4.32 vs. 13.63±3.71, 23.94±3.82 vs. 12.53±2.94, all P < 0.05]. There was a significant positive correlation between MP and LUS 0, 24, 48, 72 hours after ICU admission (r value was 0.547, 0.577, 0.754, and 0.783, respectively, all P < 0.01). The MP and LUS at 0 hour of ICU admission were significantly positively correlated with SOFA and PaO 2 /FiO 2 (r value was 0.421, 0.450, and 0.409, 0.536, respectively, all P < 0.01), but no correlation with Lac and APACHE II was found. The ROC curve analysis showed that the MP and LUS at 0 hour and 72 hours had predictive value for the 28-day mortality [the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of MP was 0.836, 0.867; and the AUC of LUS was 0.820, 0.891, all P < 0.01]., Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between MP and LUS in patients with moderate to severe ARDS. The MP and LUS could be used early to evaluate the 28-day prognosis of patients with moderate to severe ARDS.

Objective: Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/serine/threonine kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating immune response and inflammatory factor release in vitro and in vivo by regulating the activation of downstream signaling molecules, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of sepsis. Innate immune cells play important roles in maintaining the stability of the environment and regulating the immune response during sepsis. This review summarized the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and its regulation in the sepsis of different types of immune cells in the inflammatory response, apoptosis and other aspects to provide clues and pathways for the prevention and treatment of sepsis.

A method was established for the determination of 16 phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in infant formula by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). PAEs in infant formula samples were homogenized by deionized water, extracted with acetonitrile, and purified by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbents. The separation was performed on a DB-5 MS UI (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) capillary column. Effects of different elution solvents on alumina/PSA and PSA SPE columns were investigated. Fair recoveries of 16 PAEs were achieved on the PSA column upon elution by mixed n -hexane-acetone (60:40, v/v). All the 16 PAEs were quantified by matrix-matched isotopic-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS); the 16 PAEs showed linear relationships in the concentration range of 0.01-2.0 mg/kg with linear coefficients ( R 2 ) greater than 0.9996. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 0.15-2.5 μg/kg and 0.50-8.33 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of the 16 PAEs, obtained using the IDMS method, were 96.1%-104.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 3.3% ( n =5). These results established the method described here as sensitive and precise for the simultaneous determination of 16 PAEs in infant formula, even at trace concentrations.

A method for the determination of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[ a ]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[ b ]fluoranthene and benzo[ a ]pyrene in olive oil by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection (HPLC-FLD) was developed. The olive oil samples were diluted with isopropanol and cleaned-up by a solid phase extraction cartridge with π-π specificity. Critical isomers were separated by gradient elution with water-acetonitrile on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse PAH column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μ m). The calibration was performed by the use of matrix-matched calibration standards. The results showed that there were good linear relationships for the four PAHs in the range of 2.4-40 μ g/L with correlation coefficients of 0.9990-0.9999. The limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.147 to 0.413 μ g/L, and the recoveries of the spiked samples ranged from 95.5% to 103.2%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were in the ranges of 0.10%-1.69% and 2.48%-2.93% ( n =5), respectively. The method has the characteristics of high sensitivity, low detection limit and good precision, and is suitable for rapid and accurate quantitative detection of the four PAHs in olive oil.

Objective: To explore the status of life events and its relationship with depression of college students from rural areas with left-behind experience, so as to provide evidence for psychological intervention., Methods: In 2015 May-July, a total of 682 rural undergraduate in four regular colleges( all of them are unified national admission universities) recruited from four cities in Hebei Province. Chengde City, Baoding City, Qinhuangdao City, and Handan City are in the north, middle, east and south of Hebei Province, respectively. Each city was selected one regular college. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to select 682 participants, who are evaluated by questionnaires( Center for Epidimiologic Studies Depression Scale, Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check List). According to the presence of left-behind experience in childhood, they can be divided into two groups, students with left-behind experience and students with no leftbehind experience. The group which has 137 students with left-behind experience includes51 boys and 86 girls. The group which has 545 students with no left-behind experience includes 210 boys and 335 girls., Results: For the college students with left-behind experience, the common life events were studying pressure, interpersonal relationship and health adaptation. Those college students with left-behind experience had significant difference from those who hadn't such an experience in punishment and other factors of life events( t followed by 2. 158 and 3. 020, P < 0. 05). The depression levels of the college student with left-behind experience and no left-behind experience were( 36. 92 ±8. 96) and( 33. 71 ± 8. 16), respectively. Those college students with left-behind experience had significant difference from those who hadn 't such an experience in depression( t = 3. 297, P < 0. 05). 3. Correlative analysis indicated six factors of life events of college students with left-behind experience had remarkably positive relevance with depression( r followed by 0. 446, 0. 466, 0. 371, 0. 246, 0. 427 and 0. 378, P < 0. 01). Regression analysis implied study pressure( β = 0. 329) and healthy adaptation( β =0. 240) of life events of college students with left-behind experience assumed predictive role for depression( R2= 0. 242)., Conclusion: Those college students with left-behind experience are more susceptible to feel the negative life events. Life events have much effect on depression.

Phthalate esters are most widely used as plasticizers which have toxicity and carcinogenicity. Phthalate esters are found as contaminants in many food products and they are a branch of compounds, homologues and isomers, which present similar structures and properties. And the residue contents vary a lot in different matrices. Efficient sample pretreatment, highly selective separation mode, sensitive detection methods as well as reducing background interference are challenges for their determination in complex samples. In this paper, some sample pretreatment methods such as liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid micro-extraction, solid phase extraction, solid phase micro-extraction, matrix solid-phase extraction and other traditional and new types of extraction and purification technology applied in the food samples are reviewed. The characteristics of analytical methods including gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, high resolution mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and ion mobility spectrometry are also discussed.

Objective: To investigate the secretion of IL-12p40 and IL-6 by splenocytes, dendritic cells stimulated by different Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or in the sera of mice immunized with different TLR agonists, and evaluate the effects of different TLR agonists on the function of T helper (Th) cells, especially the differentiation of Th1 cells., Methods: Supernatants of splenocytes and dendritic cells stimulated with different TLR agonists for 24 hours or sera of mice immunized with different TLR agonists at different time points were used to determine the levels of IL-12p40 and IL-6 by ELISA. CD4⁺ T cells isolated from the spleens of ovalbumin-T cell receptor (OVA-TCR) transgenic BALB/c (DO11.10) mice were co-cultured with antigen presenting cells (APCs) from congenic BALB/c mice at 1:3 ratio of T:APCs. Cultures were stimulated with OVA peptide or OVA peptide plus different doses of TLR agonists and the supernatants collected at different time points were assayed by ELISA for detecting IFN-γ., Results: Pam3CSK4, R848 and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) promoted the production of IL-12p40 and IL-6 by splenocytes and dendritic cells obviously, and induced the expression of IFN-γ in antigen specific CD4⁺ T cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Monophosphoryl lipid A from Salmonella minnesota R595 lipopolysaccharide (MPLA-SM) induced low levels of cytokines by splenocytes and couldn't promote the production of IFN-γ by antigen specific CD4⁺ T cells, but increased the expressions of IL-12p40 and IL-6 by DCs. All the sera of mice immunized with the four TLR agonists expressed high levels of IL-12p40 and IL-6., Conclusion: Splenocytes, DCs stimulated or sera of mice immunized with different TLR agonists produced different levels of cytokines, which could further affect the differentiation of Th1 cells.

Objective: To understand the incidence of drop out of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with AIDS/HIV and related factors in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, and Yuncheng, Shanxi province., Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis was conducted. The cumulative incidence curves of drop out of ART, mortality and drug withdrawal were drawn with Kaplan-Meier method. The related factors were identified with Cox proportional hazards regression model., Results: A total of 1 006 patients were included in Yuncheng, the median length of ART follow-up was 49.59 months (QR: 20.02-92.84), and 976 patients were included in Nanjing, the median length of ART follow-up was 19.93 months (QR: 11.48-34.07). The cumulative incidence of drop out of ART at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 4 years, 8 years after ART was 8.19%, 9.23%, 11.08%, 13.75%, 17.74%, 27.66% in Yuncheng, and 3.01%, 5.17%, 7.47%, 10.97%, 17.45%, 28.72% in Nanjing respectively. Age, marital status, infection route, baseline CD4 cell count, the clinical stage classified by WHO at the end of the observation were correlated with the drop out of ART., Conclusion: In order to reduce the drop out of ART among people living with AIDS/HIV, it is necessary to conduct effective interventions targeting the patients with young age, the patients who divorced/widowed, the patients who were intravenous drug users, the patients with higher CD4 cell count at the beginning of ART and clinical stage III or IV at the end of the follow-up and increase the coverage of HIV test.

Objective: The DNA-binding domain of ToxR protein of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was expressed using the Escherichia coli BL21lambdaDE3 protein expression system, and its DNA-binding activity was characterized., Methods: The fragment of DNA-binding domain at N-terminal of ToxR (ToxR-N) was amplified by PCR from V. parahaemolyticus strain RIMD2210633, and then cloned into the BamHI and Hind III sites of the vector pET28a. The recombinant plasmid pET28a was transformed into BL21lambdaDE3. Over-expression of His-ToxR-N in the LB medium was induced by adding 1 mmol/L IPTG (isopropyl-b-D-thiogalactoside). The over-expressed protein was purified under native conditions with nickel loaded HiTrap Chelating Sepharose columns (Amersham), and then the His-tag was removed by using restricted thrombin. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to analyze the DNA-binding activity of ToxR-N to the promoter-proximal DNA regions of calR and VP1687, respectively. The promoter-proximal regions of calR and VP1687 were separately cloned into the pHRP309 vector containing a promoterless lacZ gene. Then, each of the two recombinant LacZ reporter plasmids was transformed into the wide-type strain (WT) and the toxR null mutant strain (DeltatoxR), respectively, to measure the promoter activity (the beta-Galactosidase activity) of the target genes in WT and DeltatoxR by using the beta-Galactosidase Enzyme Assay System., Results: The purified ToxR-N protein had the ability to bind to the upstream DNA regions of calR but not VP1687. The LacZ fusion results showed that the transcription of calR and VP1687 was positively and negatively regulated by ToxR in V. parahaemolyticus, respectively., Conclusion: The recombinant ToxR-N protein could be used for studying the transcriptional regulation mechanism in V. parahaemolyticus. ToxR fulfills a mechanism of negative regulation of T3SS1 genes by activating the expression of calR through protein-proximal promoter DNA association.

Objective: To study the regulation mechanism of biofilm formation c-di-GMP synthesisby AphA in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, by using phenotypic and molecular biochemical experiments., Methods: Colony morphology and crystal violet staining assays were used to analyze the phenotypic changes between the aphA null mutant (delta aphA) and the wide-type (WT) parent strain. The intracellular levels of c-di-GMP in the delta aphA and WT strains were determined by a chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. Total RNAs were extracted from delta aphA and WT. Quantitative RT-PCR was applied to calculate the transcriptional variation of scrABC and scrG between delta aphA and WT. The promoter-proximal regions of scrABC and scrG were cloned into the pHRP309 vector containing a promoterless lacZ gene, respectively. Then, each of the two recombinant LacZ reporter plasmids was transformed into delta aphA and WT, respectively, to measure the promoter activity (the beta-Galactosidase activity) of the target genes in AaphA and WT by using the beta-Galactosidase Enzyme Assay System. The over-expressed His-AphA was purified under native conditions with nickel loaded HiTrap Chelating Sepharose columns (Amersham). Then, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was applied to analyze the DNA-binding activity of His-AphA to scrABC and scrG promoter regions in vitro. [Results] The phenotypic experiments disclosed that AphA was an activator of c-di-GMP synthesis and biofilm formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The quantitative RT-PCR and LacZ fusion results showed that the transcription of scrABC and scrG was under negative control of AphA. However, the purified His-AphA could not bind to the upstream DNA regions of scrABC and scrG, as determined by EMSA., Conclusion: The fact that AphA represses the transcription of scrABC and scrG will at least partially account for the positive regulation of e-di-GMP synthesis and biofilm formation by AphA in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety analysis of Allergovit standardized dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis., Method: From Jan 2006 to Jan 2009,425 patients with persistent were treated with Allergovit standardized dust mite allergen in 3 years, which data were retrospectively analyzed. The scores of the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life were collected per-treatment and three years treatment. VAS (visual analogue scale) of all nasal symptoms and drug use scores were evaluated before treatment and every 6 weeks. The frequency of local and systemic reactions were recorded in the duration of dose escalation and maintenance., Result: The Overall QOL were significantly improved after 3 years treatment [pre-treatment: 3.8 (2.9; 4.5); post-treatment: 1.1 (1.0; 2.0), P < 0.01]. VAS of all nasal symptoms and drug used scores decreased dramatically after escalation period [pro-treatment: 23. 7 (20.5; 27.8), 3.9 (3.2; 4.7); post-treatment: 2.1 (1.6; 2.2), 0(0;0), P < 0.01]. Local reaction's rate was 3.15%, the frequency systemic reaction's rate was 0.90%., Conclusion: The standardized specific allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis is safe and effective.

Objective: To study the pathogenesis of the patients with allergic rhinitis diagnosed by Skin Prick Test (SPT), especially about the epidemiologic data of the involved allergens., Method: The data was collected from 958 patients referred to the listed three allergy center and subsequently diagnosed as allergic rhinitis by SPT., Result: The intermittent mild type was more prevalent in male patients (40.5%); comparably the intermittent moderate type in female patients (70.0%); in the infant patients the moderate-severe type dominated (73.7%). The positive results of SPT comprised mainly of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der. p, 98.3%), Dermatophagoides farinae(Der. f, 96.8%), and Blomia tropicalis (Blot, 73.8%). Only 1.7% of the patients was allergic to single allergen, in contrary ,the majority of patients were allergic to multiple allergens. The positive rate to Der. p and Der. f was reversely increasing with age of the patients; and contrarily the number of positive allergens was increasing along with the age of the patients. The allergy to outdoor allergen was less common, and the positive rate in skin prick test was lower than the previously reported rate in North China ,such as timothy (3.9%), birch (2.7%), ragweed (2.0%), and mugwort (1.2%)., Conclusion: Dust Mite is the predominant allergen for patients with allergic rhinitis in Guangdong province; and the positive rate to outdoor allergen is lower than that in North China.

Objective: To investigate specific immunologic therapy (SIT) intervention in patients with nasal polyps accompanied with perennial rhinitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)., Method: To divide patients with nasal polyps into two groups randomly: group I: FESS + SIT after operation; group II: FESS only. To compare the symptom and physical sign of the 2 groups before the operation and 1 and 2 years after the operation, with SNOT-20 and Lund-Kennedy and Lund-Mackay Standard., Result: Both of the 2 groups' final scores of the total 20 items and the most important 5 items of SNOT-20 and Lund-Kennedy and Lund-Mackay were greatly improved, however there is an obvious difference between them: the therapeutic effect of groups I is better than group II., Conclusion: SIT can reduce the recurrence of nasal polyps after operation, and improve the state after treatment.

A method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in ambient air using high volume sampling and high resolution gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was developed. The results indicated that no breakthrough happened during the sampling procedure. The recoveries of 13C labelled compound standards of PCBs and PBDEs were in the ranges of 60.7%-121.4% and 69.9%-140.4%, respectively, which were qualified by the corresponding EPA methods. The limits of detection (LODs) of PCBs and PBDEs in real samples were lower than 0.019 pg/m3 and 0.189 pg/m3, respectively. The chromatograms of PCBs and PBDEs show good performance in the separation. It is demonstrated that the method is suitable for the determination of PCBs and PBDEs in ambient air.