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Objective To assess the efficacy of long-lasting repeated high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over the precuneus on consciousness recovery in patients with minimally conscious state (MCS). Methods A prospective case-control study was carried out on 40 MCS patients admitted in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2018 to January 2021. They were randomly divided into HD-tDCS group (n=20) and control group (n=20). The patients in the control group received routine treatment, while those in the HD-tDCS group were treated with HD-tDCS protocol over the precuneus (at 2 mA, for 20 min per time, twice per day for 14 d, with totally 28 sessions) on the basis of routine treatment. Gender, age, duration of consciousness, Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scores before (T0), and at a single session (T1), 7 d (T2), and 14 d (T3) were recorded and analyzed. Results The CRS-R score at T3 was significantly higher in the HD-tDCS group than the control group (P < 0.05). In the control group, 2 MCS patients demonstrated a new sign of consciousness at T3, and the CRS-R scores at T1, T2 and T3 were not significantly changed than those at T0. While in the HD-tDCS group, 17 patients showed a new sign of consciousness, and the CRS-R scores at T1, T2, and T3 were obviously increased when compared with those at T0 (P < 0.05). And the scores of visual, auditory and motor subscales at T3 were also statistically elevated than the scores at baseline (P < 0.01). Conclusion Long-lasting repeated HD-tDCS over the precuneus improves the recovery of consciousness in MCS patients at the 14th day of neuromodulation, especially in the visual, auditory and motor aspects of conscious behaviors.

The brachistochrone is a cycloid and is also a tautochrone. The evolute of the cycloid is still a cycloid. The study of the universal cycloidal gear found that,the tooth profile of the universal cycloid rack is at the high velocity region of the tautochrone. In the universal cycloidal gear,when the meshing line in the gear of all the teeth and gear of the rack are perfectly coincident with the same modulus,the extremely low controllable sliding rate of the performance can be deduced. The sliding ratio of universal cycloidal gear is 80% lower than the involute gear,it shows the superiority of the universal cycloidal gear.

The incidence of tinnitus is very high, which can affect the patient's attention, emotion and sleep, and even cause serious psychological distress and suicidal tendency. Currently, there is no uniform and objective method for tinnitus detection and therapy, and the mechanism of tinnitus is still unclear. In this study, we first collected the resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) data of tinnitus patients and healthy subjects. Then the power spectrum topology diagrams were compared of in the band of δ (0.5-3 Hz), θ (4-7 Hz), α (8-13 Hz), β (14-30 Hz) and γ (31-50 Hz) to explore the central mechanism of tinnitus. A total of 16 tinnitus patients and 16 healthy subjects were recruited to participate in the experiment. The results of resting state EEG experiments found that the spectrum power value of tinnitus patients was higher than that of healthy subjects in all concerned frequency bands. The t -test results showed that the significant difference areas were mainly concentrated in the right temporal lobe of the θ and α band, and the temporal lobe, parietal lobe and forehead area of the β and γ band. In addition, we designed an attention-related task experiment to further study the relationship between tinnitus and attention. The results showed that the classification accuracy of tinnitus patients was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects, and the highest classification accuracies were 80.21% and 88.75%, respectively. The experimental results indicate that tinnitus may cause the decrease of patients' attention.