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This is an essay in the field of ceramics and composites. With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the production of power lithium-ion batteries has increased dramatically. However, due to the short service life of power Li-ion batteries and their imminent mass retirement, it is necessary to effectively manage power Li-ion batteries in a resourceful manner. This paper first introduces the main components of power lithium-ion batteries and clarifies the stepwise utilization and pre-treatment process before their cathode materials are recycled. It focuses on an overview of the thermal, wet and biological recycling technologies for used power lithium-ion battery cathode materials, and presents the opportunities and challenges faced by biological recycling in the resourceful disposal of used power lithium-ion battery cathode materials. Our results can provide a certain reference for the green resource-based recycling of power lithium-ion batteries and promote the healthy development of the new energy vehicle industry.

To evaluate the efficacy of static and dynamic visual perception training combined with rigid gas permeable contact lens （RGPCL） in the treatment of one case of nystagmus complicated with ametropia，aiming to provide guidance for clinical treatment. Clinical data of one case of nystagmus complicated with ametropia treated with visual perception training combined with RGPCL were retrospectively analyzed. After 1-year treatment，bilateral best-corrected visual acuity was improved to 1.0，nystagmus and ametropia were effectively controlled，and fine stereopsis was obtained. Static and dynamic visual perception training combined with RGPCL has potential therapeutic value for nystagmus complicated with ametropia.

To find potential brewing ingredients for Luzhou strong-aroma Baijiu, two Baijiu samples were fermented using Glutinous sorghum (GS) and its mixture with Triticum aestivum L. ZN168 (MGZ) in the ratio of 2:8 (w:w), and their flavor substances and harzard components were tested using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed that the proteins, polyphenols and anthocyanins contents in GS and MGZ were measured to show no significant difference (P>0.05), while the pectins contents of MGZ were down by 9.7% compared with GS. And compared with GS Baijiu, the total ester contents and the total acid contents of MGZ Baijiu were slumped by 7.9% and rising by 8.3% respectively, but both of them satisfied the national standards of superior Baijiu products in China. Meanwhile, being characteristic of high ethyl hexanoate contents, GS Baijiu and MGZ Baijiu both showed typical flavors of strong-aroma Baijiu. In two Baijiu samples, totally 102 volatile components were detected, identified and quantified, and 26 substances were found to contribute to the formation of flavor differences between the two Baijiu samples, using orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) and odor activity values (OAV) analysis. Compared with GS Baijiu, MGZ Baijiu had higher OAVs of middle- and long-chain fatty acid esters, fatty acids and alcohols, and its methanol and ethyl carbamate contents were fell by 20.6% and 39.9% separately, showing good safety with fill-bodied flavor, rich and mellow taste. These findings suggested that ZN168 could be a potential fermentation material for strong-aroma Chinese Baijiu.

Background and purpose: Traditional preparation of subcutaneous transplanted tumor of prostate cancer relies on cell suspension injection. However, there are great limitations. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of developing a new animal model of subcutaneous transplanted prostate cancer with cell sheet technology. Methods: Human prostate cancer DU145 cells were inoculated into a 35 mm temperature sensitive cell culture dish, and the prostate cancer cell sheet was prepared by continuous culture and identified by H-E staining and immunohistochemistry. According to the research purpose, cell suspension group and cell membrane group were set up. DU145 cell suspension was subcutaneously injected into nude mice in cell suspension group, and DU145 cell sheet was subcutaneously injected into BALB/c nude mice in cell sheet group. The BALB/c nude mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after transplantation, and the grafted tumors in both groups were dissected for further histological analysis, including collagen fiber content, local infiltration and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, the common organs of prostate cancer metastasis, such as bone, lung and liver, were dissected to evaluate the systemic metastasis in both groups. Results: DU145 prostate cancer cell sheet could be prepared at 1 week after continuous culture. Histological staining revealed a membrane structure with an average thickness of (32.6±7.5) μm. The DU145 cell sheet was rich in collagen fibrin with high vimentin expression and low E-cadherin expression. H-E staining showed that the tumor structure was dense with obvious infiltration of surrounding muscles in the cell sheet group, while the tumor had more vacuoles and a clear boundary with surrounding tissues in the cell suspension group 4 weeks after subcutaneous transplantation. Moreover, the transplanted tumor volume was significantly higher in the cell sheet group than in the cell suspension group, and the measured tumor volume in the two groups were (0.967±0.129) and (0.437±0.054) cm3 (t = 3.774, P = 0.019 5), respectively. Masson staining showed that the content of blue collagen fiber was significantly higher in the cell sheet group than in the cell suspension group, and the optical densities (D) value of the two groups were 0.023 0±0.001 1 and 0.014 0±0.000 7 (t = 7.022, P = 0.000 1), respectively. Immunohistochemical staining of CD31 showed that the microvascular density per ×200 field in the cell sheet group and the cell suspension group were 53.20±3.56 and 32.40±4.98 (t = 3.392, P = 0.009 5), respectively. Gross anatomy and H-E staining showed no obvious systemic metastasis in the two groups 4 weeks after subcutaneous transplantation. Conclusion: It is feasible and advantageous to develop the animal model of subcutaneous transplanted prostate cancer using cell sheet technology. Compared with traditional cell suspension injection method, the tumor volum was larger, the infiltration degree was deeper with surrounding tissues, the density of new microvessels was higher, and the collagen content was richer, which is more helpful to reveal the real biological characteristics of prostate cancer. It is expected to be applied in the research of molecular genetics of prostate cancer, drug resistance mechanism and drug discovery.

Background and purpose: 18 F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) is an advanced molecular imaging evaluation method for prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to explore the early detection rate of recurrence and metastasis of patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) by 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and its influence on clinical treatment decisions. Methods: From December 2018 to December 2020, the data of 51 PCa patients with BCR after RP by 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT were summarized and analyzed. Radioactive uptake of tumors was calculated semi-quantitatively by region of interest method and expressed by the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ). We assessed the detection rate of clinical recurrence and metastasis in BCR patients [local recurrence (prostatic bed), lymph node metastasis (pelvic, retroperitoneal and diaphragmatic), bone metastasis and visceral metastasis (such as lung)], and the difference in detection rate between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) groups and Gleason evaluation group was further compared respectively. Results: The median age of 51 patients was 66 years (52-80 years), and the median PSA was 35 ng/mL (6-224 ng/mL) at the time of initial diagnosis. All of them were prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, including 1 case with intraductal carcinoma, 1 case with ductal adenocarcinoma, 1 case with mucinous adenocarcinoma, 1 case with signet ring-like component and 1 case with neuroendocrine differentiation. We found Gleason score ≤7 in 22 cases (43.14%) and Gleason score ≥ 8 in 29 cases (56.86%). The median time of BCR was 15 months (5-62 months), and the median PSA was 0.58 ng/mL (0.20- 110.00 ng/mL), including 21 (41.18%) cases with 0.20 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 0.50 ng/mL, 12 (23.53%) cases with 0.50 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 1.00 ng/mL, 4 (7.84%) cases with 1.00 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 2.00 ng/mL and 14 (27.45%) cases with PSA≥2.00 ng/mL. There were 7 cases (13.73%) with no local recurrence or metastasis, and 44 cases (86.27%) with local recurrence or metastasis, including 9 cases (20.45%) with recurrence in the operative area of prostate, 28 cases (63.64%) had lymph node metastasis at different sites, 31 cases (70.45%) had bone metastasis, and 2 cases (4.55%) had visceral metastasis. In addition, there were 2 cases of subcutaneous nodule metastasis and 1 case of penile root metastasis. The median SUV max was 17.9 (1.4-110.9) for all recurrence or metastasis, 14.0 (3.2-110.9) for local recurrence, 10.2 (2.0-90.1) for lymph node metastasis, and 5.4 (1.4-109.6) for bone metastasis. The detection rates of recurrence or metastasis were 71.43% (15/21), 100.00% (12/12), 75.00% (3/4) and 100.00% (14/14), respectively, in the groups with 0.20 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 0.50 ng/mL (21 cases), 0.50 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 1.00 ng/mL (12 cases), 1.00 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 2.00 ng/mL (4 cases) and PSA≥2.00 ng/mL (14 cases), and there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate between groups with different PSA levels (P＞0.05). The recurrence or metastasis detection rates of original Gleason score ≤7 group (22 cases) and Gleason score ≥8 group (29 cases) were 68.18% (15/22) and 100.00% (29/29), respectively, and there were statistically significant differences in the detection rate between groups with different Gleason scores (P ＜ 0.05). In clinical treatment, 4 cases (7.84%) were treated by observation, 18 cases (35.29%) by endocrinotherapy alone, 2 cases (3.92%) by salvage radiotherapy (SRT) alone, 24 cases (47.06%) by endocrinotherapy combined with SRT, 1 case (1.96%) by endocrinotherapy combined with docetaxel systemic chemotherapy, and 2 cases (3.92%) by salvage pelvic lymphadenectomy. Conclusion: 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT has a good value and efficacy in early diagnosis of clinical recurrence or metastasis of BCR patients after RP, which is conducive to accurate evaluation and optimal treatment plan for such patients, and significantly affects clinical treatment decisions.

Aiming at the characteristics of non-linearity,uncertainty and susceptibility to disturbance of single-degree-of-freedom magnetic levitation ball system,a back-stepping control method based on extended state observer (ESO-BS) was proposed to improve the control performance of the system.The extended state observer was used to estimate the position,velocity and disturbance information of the levitation ball in real time when the system was disturbed by uncertainty.The estimation was combined with the controller design,then the back-stepping method was used to design the levitation position tracking control law of the magnetic levitation ball,and the Lyapunov method was used to prove the ultimate bounded convergence of the tracking error of the system.The simulation results show that,compared with PID control,the adjusting time of ESO-BS control system is 0.01 s,while that of PID control is 0.08 s,which is obviously longer,so the dynamic characteristic of ESO-BS control is better than that of PID control.When there is uncertainty in the system,the designed control law can realize the stable suspension of the ball,and can realize the position tracking according to the required suspension height position.

As the basic unit and micro-site of grassroots governance, rural communities are facing many cultural obstacles that restrict rural modernization. Focused on rural communities, this study sorts out the requirements of Chinese-style modernization on rural communities and the actual performance of coping with the cultural obstacles of Chinese-style modernization. It finds that the causes of these cultural dilemmas are mainly due to the disconnection of the system in the process of modernization, the deviation between concept penetration and the actual situation. On this basis, this paper proposes the corresponding cultural solution strategies. These strategies start from the top-level design of the national system, cultivate the concept of modern cultural inheritance, construct a modern cultural development system, shape a modern cultural integration mechanism, and improve modern cultural governance and service models. They are of great significance to continuously cultivating the rural cultural self-confidence of the peasant masses, meeting the spiritual needs of the peasant masses, realizing the value goals of the peasant masses, and promoting the realization of Chinese-style modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An elliptic curve ElGamal encryption based location privacy-preserving scheme was proposed to address the location privacy problem of secondary users in collaborative spectrum sensing. Firstly, secondary users encrypted the original sensing reports using the ElGamal public key techniques on the elliptic curve and sent them to the trusted property authority. Secondly, the trusted property authority partially decrypted and randomized sensing reports and then sent the randomized sensing reports to the fusion center. Thirdly, the fusion center finally decrypted and got the original sensing reports. Finally, security of the scheme was analyzed. According to the scheme, the encryption method of sensing reports was based on public key cryptography on elliptic curve. And the trusted property authority randomized encrypted sensing reports. Thus the location privacy of secondary users can be protected. Meanwhile, this scheme effectively reduces communication and storage cost, compared with other schemes. In addition, this scheme also has fault tolerant and dynamic mechanism, which increases the practicability and feasibility.

A systematic study of the phase composition and element occurrence characteristics of tellurides in tellurium-bearing gold deposits will be helpful for the genesis understanding of gold deposits of this type and for prospecting exploration. Tellurides in the Jinqingding gold deposit are too small and are difficult to identify. Previous research lacked the detailed studies of the element distribution characteristics of tellurides. In this study, the types, symbiotic relationship, chemical composition and element distribution characteristics of tellurides in the deposit were analyzed by electron probe using BSE, WDS, EDS and mapping modes. Results show that petzite is closely associated with hessite and intergrowths of these two minerals are common. Au and Ag are unevenly distributed in the intergrowths, and calaverite shows as a bright spot in the scanning map. Tellurium is always likely to combine with Ag to form hessite. With the consumption of Ag, petzite began to appear and Te combined with Au to form calaverite after exhausting Ag in magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The superfluous Au in the hydrothermal fluids at the later stage of mineralization reacted with hessite or petzit to produce unconventional tellurides, finally forming a native gold. The growth of gold-silver minerals follows the sequence, hessite, petzite, calaverite, and Au from early to late. This study provides technical support for the comprehensive utilization of tellurium-bearing gold deposits.

Bonded repair is efficient and widely-used repair technique for composite structures. Tests were conducted to study the tensile property of scarf repaired and external bonded repaired composite laminates with different repair parameters. The results show that the recovery of failure strength of scarf repaired laminates is about 66%-91% while external bonded repaired laminates is about 44%-61%.When reducing scarf ratio, repairing in double sides, curing in autoclaves, the scarf repair specimens can reach a higher recovery rate of failure strength. When repairing in double sides, enlarging the size of patches, the external bonded repaired specimens can also reach a higher recovery rate of failure strength. Based on the test results, finite element models were established to predict the failure loads and failure modes of specimens, and to analyse the stress distribution and progressive damage process of specimens, which can provide a reference to the designing in the repair projects.

The phenomenological model of 5429 resin was established by cure kinetic parameters of the bismaleimide (5429) with double-heating wave reaction characteristics gained by dynamic DSC analysis combining with the phenomenological model. Also, based on the DSC experimental data of 5429 resins at 180℃ with different heating time, the relationship between curing degree and heating time of 5429 resin was investigated with DiBenedetto equation under isothermal condition, and the equation of glass transition temperature and curing time were obtained. The gel time of 5429 resin was gained at different time by gelation disk. The functional relationship between conversion at gelation and glass transition temperature of 5429 resin was also obtained. Then, the time-temperature-transition (TTT) diagram was presented based on the above results. The optimum curing curve of 5429 resin concluded from TTT diagram is consistent with the standard curing curve.

During LA-ICP-MS analysis, the key factor influencing data accuracy of sample analysis is whether the sample can be uniformly delivered from the laser sample chamber to the torch of the ICP-MS.An external container between LA and ICP-MS and a multi-channel rotary sampling cell, which can effectively eliminate the sample position effect during the laser ablation was designed for the study reported in this paper.The pattern of aerosol delivered to ICP-MS is approximately continuous and at the same time, this can greatly improve the stability.Under optimal conditions, using 91500 as external standard, the standard zircons GJ-1, Ple ovice, TEMROA and QH yield U-Pb ages of 604±3 Ma(2δ, MSWD=1.2), 337±1 Ma(2δ, MSWD=1.18), 419±3 Ma(2δ, MSWD=0.15) and 161±1 Ma(2δ, MSWD=0.6), respectively, which agree well with the previously reported ID-TIMS and SHRIMP ages.For the same conditions, using NIST610 as external standard, most trace element results of the glass standards NIST612 and BHVO-2G fall within 10% range of the reference values.The 207Pb/206Pb weighted mean age of zircons from the Tianshan Orogen of Xinjiang is consistent with the previous SHRIMP U-Pb age within uncertainty.This method can effectively reduce the elemental fractionation effects and improve the reliability of the analytical data.

Background and objective The DNA damage of the irradiated tumor cells is mainly single strand breaks (SSBs) and double strand breaks (DSBs), in which the frequency of occurrence of SSBs is dozens of times than DSBs. However, most of the SSBs could be repaired by the Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) and other related factors. Recently listed drug-Olaparib (PARP1/PARP2/PARP3 inhibitor) could target the repair pathways of single strand breaks, and recent clinical trials of PARP inhibitors combined with chemotherapy obtained encouraging results. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of radiosensitization of Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitor-Olaparib on lewis cells and xenografts. Methods The inhibition concentration 10% inhibitory concentration (IC10) of Olaparib to Lewis cells was detected by methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. The radiosensitization effect of Olaparib on Lewis cells was determined by classical colony forming assay. Lewis xenografts models were established, and the mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, Olaparib group, Radiotherapy group (RT, 2 Gy×5 d), Olaparib combined with RT group. Xenograft volume was measured during the treatment. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis rate of the Lewis cells in each group, and the apoptosis of xenograft tissues was observed by TUNEL stain. The ralative protein levels of γH2AX (associated with DNA strand breaks repair), Bax/Bcl-2, Caspase-3 (apoptosis-associated protein) were detected by Western blot in vitro and in vivo. Results The IC10 value of Olaparib was 4.4 µmol/L. The radio-sensitivity enhancement ratio (SER) of Olaparib combined with RT was 1.211 in vitro. Compared with RT (2 Gy×5 d) alone, the combination of Olaparib with fractionated radiotherapy significantly increased the growth delay of Lewis xenografts (P

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the common complications after stroke. However, it is often overlooked in clinical practice. As a result, many patients have been misdiagnosed or never been diagnosed. Post-stroke depression directly affect cognitive function, late rehabilitation, functional recovery and the quality of life in stroke patients, and is closely related to the high recurrence rate, disability rate and mortality of stroke. In order to deepen the understanding of early and late PSD, this paper summarized recent progress of PSD at home and abroad, and made a brief introduction on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, influencing factors, screening and diagnosis, treatment and prevention of PSD. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.04.003

Objective To investigate the morbidity and associated factors of early onset depression after acute ischemic stroke, in order to improve its diagnostic rate and cure rate. Methods The depression symptoms of 150 patients with acute ischemic stroke were evaluated by using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) 2 weeks after onset. According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) criteria, patients with HAMD-17 score ≥ 7 were diagnosed as post-stroke depression (PSD). Clinical data of those patients, including gender, age, education, laboratory indexes, predisposing factors, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Trial of Org10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) type, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification, and concurrent carotid artery stenosis were recorded. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the related factors of PSD. Results The morbidity of PSD in patients 2 weeks after stroke onset was 18% (27/150). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed triglyceride level (P = 0.042), neural function deficiency (P = 0.001) and concurrent carotid artery stenosis (P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for early onset PSD. Further subgroup analysis indicated concurrent carotid artery stenosis was the independent risk factor for PSD in non-minor stroke patients (P = 0.014). Conclusions Stroke patients with severe neurological deficits and carotid artery stenosis are susceptible to early onset PSD. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.03.007

Interferometry filtering is one of the key steps in obtain high-precision Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM). In the case of low-correlation or complicated topography, traditional phase filtering methods fail in balancing noise elimination and phase preservation, which leads to inaccurate interferometric phase. This paper proposed an adaptive iterated nonlocal interferometry filtering method to deal with the problem. Based on the thought of nonlocal filtering, the proposed method filters the image with utilization of the image redundancy information. The smoothing parameter of the method is adaptive to the interferometry, and automatic iteration, in which the window size is adjusted, is applied to improve the filtering precision. Validity of the proposed method is verified by simulated and real data. Comparison with existed methods is given at the same time.

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2010.01.002

Organic petrological microscopic observation indicates that algae, cutinites, and sporophytes are the main organic macerals of Jurassic mudstone source rocks in the northern Qaidam Basin. According to the occurrence and abundance of these three types of macerals in rocks as well as their relative contents, the hydrocarbon-generating bio-facies are divided into four types: A (algae-bed), B (dense transport-deposit algae), C (sparse transport-deposit algae), and D (algae-bits). From type-A to type-D rocks, the organic matter abundance gradually decreases, and the quality becomes poor. The type-A source rock has the best generative potential, with TOC higher than 4.0% and organic matter types as II1-II2. It occurs only in parts (with ca. several tens of meters) of Lower Jurassic and the Seventh Member of Middle Jurassic strata, implying the heterogeneity of source rocks. Lagoon environments of lake-deltaic sedimentary systems are good for its deposition. Key words: organic-rich source rock, bio-facies, organic geochemistry, Jurassic, northern Qaidam Basin

Background and purpose: 18F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) is an advanced molecular imaging evaluation method for prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to explore the early detection rate of recurrence and metastasis of patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) by 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and its influence on clinical treatment decisions. Methods: From December 2018 to December 2020, the data of 51 PCa patients with BCR after RP by 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT were summarized and analyzed. Radioactive uptake of tumors was calculated semi-quantitatively by region of interest method and expressed by the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). We assessed the detection rate of clinical recurrence and metastasis in BCR patients [local recurrence (prostatic bed), lymph node metastasis (pelvic, retroperitoneal and diaphragmatic), bone metastasis and visceral metastasis (such as lung)], and the difference in detection rate between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) groups and Gleason evaluation group was further compared respectively. Results: The median age of 51 patients was 66 years (52-80 years), and the median PSA was 35 ng/mL (6-224 ng/mL) at the time of initial diagnosis. All of them were prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, including 1 case with intraductal carcinoma, 1 case with ductal adenocarcinoma, 1 case with mucinous adenocarcinoma, 1 case with signet ring-like component and 1 case with neuroendocrine differentiation. We found Gleason score ≤7 in 22 cases (43.14%) and Gleason score ≥ 8 in 29 cases (56.86%). The median time of BCR was 15 months (5-62 months), and the median PSA was 0.58 ng/mL (0.20- 110.00 ng/mL), including 21 (41.18%) cases with 0.20 ng/mL≤PSA<0.50 ng/mL, 12 (23.53%) cases with 0.50 ng/mL≤PSA< 1.00 ng/mL, 4 (7.84%) cases with 1.00 ng/mL≤PSA<2.00 ng/mL and 14 (27.45%) cases with PSA≥2.00 ng/mL. There were 7 cases (13.73%) with no local recurrence or metastasis, and 44 cases (86.27%) with local recurrence or metastasis, including 9 cases (20.45%) with recurrence in the operative area of prostate, 28 cases (63.64%) had lymph node metastasis at different sites, 31 cases (70.45%) had bone metastasis, and 2 cases (4.55%) had visceral metastasis. In addition, there were 2 cases of subcutaneous nodule metastasis and 1 case of penile root metastasis. The median SUVmax was 17.9 (1.4-110.9) for all recurrence or metastasis, 14.0 (3.2-110.9) for local recurrence, 10.2 (2.0-90.1) for lymph node metastasis, and 5.4 (1.4-109.6) for bone metastasis. The detection rates of recurrence or metastasis were 71.43% (15/21), 100.00% (12/12), 75.00% (3/4) and 100.00% (14/14), respectively, in the groups with 0.20 ng/mL≤PSA<0.50 ng/mL (21 cases), 0.50 ng/mL≤PSA<1.00 ng/mL (12 cases), 1.00 ng/mL≤PSA<2.00 ng/mL (4 cases) and PSA≥2.00 ng/mL (14 cases), and there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate between groups with different PSA levels (P>0.05). The recurrence or metastasis detection rates of original Gleason score ≤7 group (22 cases) and Gleason score ≥8 group (29 cases) were 68.18% (15/22) and 100.00% (29/29), respectively, and there were statistically significant differences in the detection rate between groups with different Gleason scores (P<0.05). In clinical treatment, 4 cases (7.84%) were treated by observation, 18 cases (35.29%) by endocrinotherapy alone, 2 cases (3.92%) by salvage radiotherapy (SRT) alone, 24 cases (47.06%) by endocrinotherapy combined with SRT, 1 case (1.96%) by endocrinotherapy combined with docetaxel systemic chemotherapy, and 2 cases (3.92%) by salvage pelvic lymphadenectomy. Conclusion: 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT has a good value and efficacy in early diagnosis of clinical recurrence or metastasis of BCR patients after RP, which is conducive to accurate evaluation and optimal treatment plan for such patients, and significantly affects clinical treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of organic mailer and irrigation after anthesis will increase the capacities of water conservation and supply in maize field, with consequences on photosynthetic performance and yield under water-saving condition. We analyzed the gas exchange parameters and the performance of the photosystem II of ear leaves, and yield of maize cultivars Zhengdan 958, under three modes of ditch-buried organic matter (no straw returned; Mo, wheat straw returned; M,, mixtures of cow manure and wheat straw returned; M2) before seeding with two irrigation levels after anthesis (normal irrigation; W1, water-saving irrigation; W2). The results showed that M2 treatment significantly increased photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation after anthesis compared with M, treatment. Compared with water-saving irrigation, normal irrigation enhanced the photosynthesis of ear leaves. M2W1 treatment significantly increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (g), transpiration rate ( Tt), and performance of photosystem II (σpo and ωo) of ear leaves after anthesis, while reduced intervellular CO2 concentration ( Ci). In addition, M2W1 treatment significantly increased light utilization efficiency and maintained higher photosynthetic properties in ear leaves, and significantly increased dry mailer accumulation and grain yield. Water-saving irrigation reduced photosynthetic performance of ear leaves, which declined the yield. But compared M2 with M0, water use efficiency, grain growth rate and yield increment under water-saving irrigation were higher than those under normal irrigation. Thus, mixtures of cow manure and wheat straw returned combined with normal irrigation could significantly increase photosynthetic properties of ear leaves and dry mailer accumulation, which were the major reasons for yield enhancement. Importantly, the mixture of cow manure and wheat straw returned combined with water-saving irrigation could decrease the loss of crop yield resulted from lower irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the effects of different tillage methods and nitrogen fertilizer types on photosynthetic performances and their mechanism, the characteristics of photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) and the coordination between them in ear leaves of maize (cultivar, Zhengdan 958) were studied by using fast chlorophyll fluorescence-induction kinetics and 820 nm light-absorption curves. Two-year field experiment indicated that, compared with normal urea, controlled-release urea significantly increased the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of ear leaves after anthesis, and significantly improved the coordination between PSII and PSI. Compared with rotary tillage, subsoiling significantly increased the photosynthetic performances in ear leaves during reproductive stage. Subsoiling method combined with controlled-release urea application could significantly increase chlorophyll content, improve the performances of electron donor and acceptor sides of electron transport chain in PSII reaction center, and enhance the distribution of electron transported from PSII to PSI as well. Consequently, the coordination between PSII and PSI after anthesis was significantly improved, which is conducive to the stability of photosynthetic performances during maize reproductive stage. The improvement of photosynthetic performances under subsoiling method and controlled-release urea treatment significantly enhanced Pn in ear leaves and increased grain number per ear and grain yield per plant, and eventually increased maize yield. Therefore, subsoiling combined with controlled-release urea could effectively improve photosynthetic performances by increasing the coordination between PSII and PSI, which is the major reason for increasing maize yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effects of different tillage methods and straw recycling on soil respiration and microbial activity in summer maize field during the winter wheat and summer maize double cropping system, substrate induced respiration method and CO2 release method were used to determine soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial activity, soil respiration, and microbial respiratory quotient. The experiment included 3 tillage methods during the winter wheat growing season, i.e., no-tillage, subsoiling and conventional tillage. Each tillage method was companied with 2 straw management patterns, i.e., straw recycling and no straw. The results indicated that the conservation tillage methods and straw recycling mainly affected 0-10 cm soil layer. Straw recycling could significantly improve the microbial biomass carbon and microbial activity, while decrease microbial respi-ratory quotient. Straw recycling could improve the soil respiration at both seedling stage and anthesis, however, it could reduce the soil respiration at filling stage, wax ripeness, and harvest stage. Under the same straw application, compared with conventional tillage, the soil respiration and microbial respiratory quotient in both subsoiling and no-tillage were reduced, while the microbial biomass carbon and microbial activity were increased. During the summer maize growing season, soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial activity were increased in straw returning with conservation tillage, while the respiratory quotient was reduced. In 0-10 cm soil layer, compared with conventional tillage, straw recycling with subsoiling and no-tillage significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon by 95.8% and 74.3%, and increased soil microbial activity by 97.1% and 74.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effects of organic micromolecules in coal on methane adsorption characteristics, organic micromolecules were extracted by n-hexane using microwave assisted method from coal samples to obtain the residual coal samples at 50°C, and atmospheric pressure. And their extracts were analyzed via the Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). And on this basis, the diesel was chosen to be as models for n-hexane extracts of coals and was used to add to coals. Methane sorption isotherms on raw coals, their residues and coals added diesel were tested. The results show that; At low pressure, the difference of gas adsorption between raw coals and their residues is insignificant, while as the pressure increases, the amount of coal methane adsorption is gradually higher than its residues; Different from raw coal and their residues, at greater pressure, gas absorption increment for coal added diesel is more higher under the same pressure section, and as the pressure increases, the final amount of methane adsorb slightly higher than raw coals. For all coal samples examine, experimental date are fit by the Langmuir and Langmuir-Henry dual-model, which suggests that methane sorption by the coal samples can be explained by adsorption on the surface that occurred at low pressures described by a Langmuir isotherm and at high pressures, penetration (dissolution) into the bulk described by Henry's law, and organic micromolecules in coal are help for increasing the amount of coal methane adsorption at high pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data fusion algorithm to complete the high-precision exterior ballistic measurement has strict technical requirements for the time synchronization of each measuring element. By analyzing the effect of time being not in synch on ballistic measurement precision of fusion, the factors resulting in time not synchronized of velocity measurement are discussed, and effective mathematic correction model is established. Aiming at phenomenon of the fusion ballistic velocity anomalies ultra difference, integral point shift and propagation delay correction model algorithm based on measurement equipment velocity data calculation model is proposed according to measurement error model formula and radio measurement results, and it is applied in synchronization correction of the sub projectile data fusion. The application results show that the integration of the trajectory deviation is better than 0. 04 m/s, the accuracy is improved by more than 4 times. Because the distance and angel of subgrade radio measurement system have similar features of time being not in synch, the model can also be used as a general method in the processing of measurement element fusion trajectory calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An algorithm for selective ensemble of group method of data handing (GMDH) models is presented and applied to coal price modeling, where the training samples are first divided into groups with punitive action, to generate a set of diversify GMDH learner candidates, and then genetic algorithm (GA) is used to determine the optimal candidate for selective ensemble. Compared with the existing algorithms of traditional single GMDH model and the random ensemble of GMDH models, the proposed algorithm for selective ensemble of GMDH based on punitive division can significantly improve the model generalization capability and stability. Based on the proposed algorithm, a reasonable coal price model is obtained, which can provide accurate prediction of the coal price variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypopituitarism is a syndrome caused by corresponding insufficiency of hormones' secretion and results from destroyed anterior pituitary. Amenorrhea, difficulty conceiving, infertility, postpartum no milk occur in hypopituitary patients. The incidence of pregnancy complications is higher, such as abortion, anemia, placental abruption, premature birth and postpartum hemorrhage. So adequate preparation and reasonable use of ART in pre-pregnancy, continuous monitoring of hormone levels and maintaining normal hormone levels in pregnancy and perinatal period can reduce pregnancy complications and improve pregnancy outcomes. This review summarized recent advances about preparation in pregnancy and management in perinatal period of hypopituitarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the coal samples of the outburst coal seam No. 8 of Qingdong Mine in Huaibei, with the distribution characteristics of ground stress and gas pressure in stress-relief boundary area, the experiment of outburst coal's radial gas seepage was carried out under variable axial pressure, gas pressure and hole diameter by a self-developed test system of radial gas seepage. The experimental results show that the gas seepage flow increases with the increase of gas pressure under fixed axial pressure, and the relationship between gas seepage velocity and gas pressure can be described as quadratic polynomial function, the permeability of coal samples decreases rapidly with the increase of gas pressure in the range of 0-0. 6 MPa, then decreases slowly with the developing of gas pressure and tends to be stable; the permeability of coal samples decreases linearly with the increase of axial pressure under fixed gas pressure; Affected by the borehole pressure relief, the permeability of soft and low strength coal samples with large diameter borehole is significantly higher than the coal samples with small diameter borehole in low axial pressure stage, both permeability gradually tends to be the same with the increase axial pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the vehicle travels underground mine, its motion region is restricted to the roadways. So we can set the modification points which has been measured the coordinates in advance in roadways to correct the error state in INS/ Odometer integrated navigation. This method is aimed at increasing the navigation precision. Firstly, the computation method of position and velocity in Odometer was introduced. System dynamic model and observation model of INS/Odometer integrated navigation was built. Based on this, position modification filter equation of known point was constructed. After introducing the Parallel-Kalman filter to realize the dual filter of integrated navigation, INS/Odometer integrated navigation system based on position modification for underground mine vehicle was proposed. Experiment of simulated data and actual measurement were made to compare the navigation accuracy between before and after position modification. The results of the experiment indicate that the INS/Odometer integrated navigation performance is increased substantially by position modification of known points in roadways. Plane precision of real-time navigation increased from dozens of meters to meter scale, which is able to meet the needs of navigation for underground mine vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the soluble organic matter effect on the spontaneous combustion of coal, the infrared spectroscopy and GC/MS experiments were used to test the changes of coal surface microstructure and product ingredients after extracted by tetrahydrofuran. Based on the results of soluble organic matter affect the pore structure of the coal, and according to the gas-product release law of low temperature oxidation of coal before and after the extraction, effect of soluble organic matter of the coal on surfactant structure and low temperature characters of coal oxidation was discussed. The results indicate that after extraction, the content of hydroxyl and carboxyl in residual coal is reduced. Meantime, mineral content and active side chains and functional groups which involve high-content oxygen in coal also reduce. Coal soluble organic matter contains a large amount of the active groups, such as methyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl and ether etc. The total pore volume and surface area of the residual coal is increased in varying degrees. The average pore size of residual coal reduces from 6. 3 nm to 4. 9 nm. The oxygen consumption of extracted residual coal in low-temperature oxidation stage is significantly lower than that of raw coal, and CO, CO2, C2H4 and C2H6 gas emission reduced than raw coal to some extend. The soluble organic matter in coal promotes the spontaneous combustion of coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using static chamber-TGC method, an in situ observation was conducted in a 10-year conservation tillage winter wheat field to study the effects of different maize straw-returning modes on the soil respiration. The soil respiration had a significant positive correlation with the stubble height of maize straw, and two peaks were observed in wheat growth period. Under no tillage and no straw-returning, the soil respiration was 72. 5% of that under no tillage with all straw-returning, and the soil respiration under conventional tillage and no straw-returning was 76. 5% of that under conventional tillage with all straw-returning. The soil respiration was significantly positively correlated with the soil temperature and soil organic carbon at 20 cm depth, but no significant correlation with the soil organic carbon at 40 cm depth. A correlation was also observed between the soil respiration and soil moisture. The diurnal soil respiration in the treatments of all straw-returning presented a single-peak curve, with the peak at 18:00. There was a similar variation trend of soil temperature and soil respiration at the depth of 20 cm. Among the treatments of different straw-returning amounts, straw- returning with the stubble of 1 m height could reduce the soil respiration significantly, being a reasonable straw-returning mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the coal spontaneous combustion theory and chemical structure of coal, the anisole and benzyl alcohol were adopted as the model compound. Authors researched the oxidation of methoxy and hydroxymethyl in model compounds from 20 °C to 130 °C. Oxidation products of model compound were measured at different temperatures by programmed heating. Oxidation properties of the model compound at different temperatures were analyzed by chromatographic. The results show that the oxidations of anisole and benzyl alcohol generate carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, benzene and phenol. The oxidation activity of methoxy is weak before 50 °C and then gradually goes up with temperature increased, but the rate increase slowly. In contrast, the oxidation activity of hydroxymethyl in benzyl alcohol is weak before 70 °C. However, the oxidation activity of active group in benzyl alcohol increases once the temperature climbes to 70 °C. Especially, when the temperature reaches 120 °C, the oxidation activity of hydroxymethyl in benzyl alcohol dramatically grows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 622 isolates of Beauveria bassiana collected from 13 provinces in northern China were divided into 13 provincial subpopulations, and 568 of the 622 isolates belonging to 8 insect orders and Araneida, whose hosts could be indentified to order level, were divided into 9 host order subpopulations, with the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the B. bassiana in northern China analyzed by using ISSR (intersimple sequence repeat) technique. All the diversity indices showed that the B. bassiana in northern China had higher genetic diversity and population heterogeneity. Among the B. bassiana subpopulations, Inner Mongolia subpopulation and Lepidoptera subpopulation showed the highest genetic diversity and population heterogeneity, while Henan subpopulation and Araneida subpopulation showed the lowest ones. The genetic differentiation index and genetic distance between Henan and Liaoning subpopulations and between Araneida and Mantodea subpopulations were the highest, while those between Ningxia and Shaanxi subpopulations and between Coleoptera and Hymenoptera subpopulations were the lowest. The mean genetic differentiation index and mean genetic distance between the host order subpopulations were lower than those between the provincial subpopulations. These results and the subpopulation clustering analysis based on the genetic distance of subpopulations all demonstrated that the genetic lineage of B. bassiana isolates in northern China was associated with neither their geographic origin nor their host origin. The variation of B. bassiana in northern China was mainly caused by the variation between families and between genera of different host orders, and also, caused by the diversity between different collection sites and between different microhabitats within the collection sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stow net fishery is one of the important fishing methods in southern Yellow Sea. Based on the 2006-2009 data from the stow net fishery resources survey in the southern Yellow Sea in spring, and by using the generalized linear model (GLM) and generalized additive model (GAM), this paper quantitatively analyzed the relationships between the catch distribution of Pseudosciaena polyactis and Lophius litulon and the environmental factors such as year, position, water depth, and sea surface temperature (SST). Compared with GLM model, GAM model could better explain the relationships between the spatiotemporal distribution of the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of P. polyactis and P. litulon and the environmental factors. There was a significant negative correlation between the CPUE of the two fish species. The P. polyactis' CPUE showed a decreasing trend from north to south along the latitude direction, being smaller especially around the Yangtze River estuary, and the L. litulon's CPUE was also smaller near the Yangtze River estuary. The CPUE of the two species showed a significant correlation with the SST. The calculated optimal scale of the SST for L. polyactis and P. litulon was 9-11 °C and 9-14 °C, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to research the effect of soluble organic matter in coal on characteristics of gas sorption and desorption, the organic matters in coal seam 8 (Qingdong), coal seam 3 (Xutuan) and coal seam 8 (Suntuan) of Huaibei mining area were extracted by THF at nomal temperature and pressure. The gas adsorption capacity, vacuum desorption volume at normal pressure and variation of Ap of raw coal and residual coal were comparatively analyzed. After extraction, the Ap and gas adsorption capacity of coal seam 8 ( Qingdong) and coal seam 3 (Xutuan) are reduced. Meanwhile, the increment for gas adsorption capacity of those coal seams increases first and then decreases with the growing of gas pressure. In contrast,the gas adsorption capacity of coal seam 8(Suntuan) has not significant change. However, Ap of coal seam 8 (Suntuan) increases. The vacuum desorption volume at normal pressure of all there coal samples is increased. The gas dissolutes in soluble organic matter of coal and forms solid solutions in outburst coal seams, which lead to the increase of coal seam gas content,gas emission speed and coal seams outburst risk. Soluble organic matter occupies part of the pores in non-outburst coal seam, which can slow down the gas release and reduce the gas release rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isaria farinosa is an important entomopathogenic fungus. By using ISSR, this paper studied the genetic heterogeneity of six I. farinosa populations at different localities of Anhui Province, East China. A total of 98.5% polymorphic loci were amplified with ten polymorphic primers, but the polymorphism at population level varied greatly, within the range of 59.6%-93.2%. The genetic differentiation index (Gst) between the populations based on Nei's genetic heterogenesis analysis was 0.3365, and the gene flow (Nm) was 0.4931. The genetic differentiation between the populations was lower than that within the populations, suggesting that the genetic variation of I. farinosa mainly come from the interior of the populations. The UPGMA clustering based on the genetic similarities between the isolates revealed that the Xishan population was monophylectic, while the other five populations were polyphylectic, with the Yaoluoping population being the most heterogenic and the Langyashan population being the least heterogenic. No correlations were observed between the geographic distance and the genetic distance of the populations.According to the UPGMA clustering based on the genetic distance between the populations, the six populations were classified into three groups, and this classification was accorded with the clustering based on geographic environment, suggesting the effects of environmental heterogeneity on the population heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Beauveria bassiana strain Bb21 was isolated from naturally infected green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The effects of the strain on M. persicae and its two preda ceous natural enemies Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Harmonia axyridis (Co leoptera: Coccinellidae) were investigated under laboratory conditions. Bb21 had strong pathogenicity to M. persicae, with the LD50 of 97 conidia·mm-2 (45-191, 95% confidence interval), but was less pathogenic to the second instar nymph of C. carnea, with the LD50 of 1089 conidia· mm-2. The LD50 for C. carnea was 10. 2 times higher than that for M. persicae. The pathogenicity of Bb21 to H. axyridis was very weak, with a low infection rate of 13% even at a high concentration 5x108 conidia·mL-1. The Bb21 at low conidia concentration had less effect on the developmental period and fecundity of the two predaceous natural enemies. However, when applied at the high concentration 5x108 spores·mL-1, Bb21 shortened the larval stage of Haxyridis averagely by 1. 4 d and decreased the adult emergence rate and fecundity by 33% and 14%, respectively, and shortened the larval stage of C. carnea averagely by 0. 7 d and decreased the adult emergence rate and fecundity by 24% and 11%, respectively. Since the LD50 for green peach aphid was much lower than that for the two predaceous natural enemies, and had very low effect on the adult emergence rate and fecundity of the two predators at the concentration recommended for field spray, Bb21 could be applied as a biocontrol agent of M. persicae in the integrated management of pernicious organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was made on the quantitative composition, niche width, and niche over-lap of dominant entomopathogenic fungi in three different forest ecosystems, i. e. , natural broad-leaved forest, natural secondary broad-leaved forest, and pure Masson's pine plantation. In the three forest ecosystems, Beauveria bassiana was the first dominant species in natural secondary broad-leaved forest, the second in pure Masson's pine plantation, and the third in natural broad-leaved forest. B. bassiana had the broadest temporal niche width and nutritional niche width, whereas the dominant species Isaria cateinannulata, I. farinose, and I. tenuipes had much smaller niche widths. Meanwhile, B. bassiana had larger temporal niche overlaps but smaller nutritional niche overlaps with other dominant entomopathogenic fungi. It was suggested that in the three forest ecosystems, B. bassiana had the longest occurrence duration, widest host range, and strongest environmental adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking a long term ( since 2004) straw-returning winter wheat field as the object, an investigation was made in the wheat growth seasons of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 to study the effects of different tillage methods ( rotary tillage, harrow tillage, no-tillage, subsoil tillage, and conventional tillage) and weed management on the soil water and organic carbon contents. No matter retaining or removing weeds, the weed density under subsoil tillage and no-tillage was much higher than that under rotary tillage, harrow tillage, and conventional tillage. From the jointing to the milking stage of winter wheat, retaining definite amounts of weeds, no matter which tillage method was adopted, could significantly increase the 0-20 cm soil water content, suggesting the soil water conservation effect of retaining weeds. Retaining weeds only increased the soil organic carbon content in 0-20 cm layer at jointing stage. At heading and milking stages, the soil organic carbon contents in 0-20 , 20-40 , and 40-60 cm layers were lower under weed retaining than under weed removal. Under the conditions of weed removal, the grain yield under subsoil tillage increased significantly, compared with that under the other four tillage methods. Under the conditions of weed retaining, the grain yield was the highest under rotary tillage, and the lowest under conventional tillage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White muscardine caused by Beauveria bassiana is an important factor affecting sericulture. In the present study, a total of 124 B. bassiana isolates were obtained from the silkworm cadavers, rearing rooms and appliances, surrounding mulberry orchards, pine plantations, and croplands in Jingxian County of south Anhui and Qishan County of southwest Anhui. Together with the mass production strains, the isolates were analyzed for population genetic structure by ISSR markers to trace the origin and the spreading track of the muscardine. The results showed that the two B. bassiana populations in Jingxian County and Qishan County were heterogenic, being monophyletic in Jingxian and polyphyletic in Qishan. Both the Jingxian population and the Qianshan predominant subpopulation were characterized typically by enzootic nature, i. e. , low incidence and frequent occurrence, but the Qianshan non-predominant subpopulation could spread among some alternate hosts outside the rearing rooms. The groups prevailing in pine caterpillar populations in the pine plantations of Qianshan and Jingxian, the production strains, and the epizootic strain prevailing in surrounding mantids were all not associated to the silkworm muscardine, displaying safety to sericulture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the method of ISSR, the genetic heterogeneity of 111 Beauveria bassiana isolates in a pure Masson' s pine plantation in Magu Mountains of Anhui Province was analyzed. A total of 58 loci were obtained with 7 ISSR primers, 54 of which (93. 10%) were polymorphic. For the isolates sampled at different time, their Nei' s gene diversity (He) was 0. 2552, Shannon' s diversity index (I) was 0. 3825, coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was 0. 2269, and gene flow Nm was 0. 8518. The genetic distance between the isolates sampled in May and July was the shortest (0. 0408). For the isolates grouped based on host orders, their He was 0. 2623, I was 0. 3884, Gst was 0. 1964, and Nm was 1. 0223. The genetic distance between the isolates from Coleopteran and Hymenoteran was the shortest (0. 0163). All the results suggested that the genetic heterogeneity of B. bassiana population in the test plantation was rich, and the genetic variation between B. bassiana sub-populations was relatively low but that within the sub-populations was high, and none of the isolates were identical or highly similar with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different application modes (bottom application and side-dressing) and rates (0,75, and 150 kg N·hm-2) of controlled release urea on the photosynthetic capability, fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Compared with conventional urea (U), the controlled release urea (CU) at same application rates increased the leaf photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, and kernel filling rate significantly, and promoted the grain yield by an average of 9.5% (P<0.05). Bottom application of CU induced a 6.2% higher grain yield than side-dressing CU. The average agronomic efficiency (AE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) of CU were 74.5% and 11.0% higher than those of U, and bottom application of CU increased the AE and PFP by 26.8% and 5.7%, respectively, compared with side-dressing CU. Higher application rates of CU improved the photosynthetic capability, and increased the grain yield, AE, and PFP. Bottom application of CU could significantly increase the grain yield, AE, and PFP of maize, compared with side-dressing CU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two growth seasons experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage methods,straw-returning,and their interaction on the dynamic change of organic carbon content in 0-20 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of winter wheat. An obvious change was observed in the soil organic carbon content. Treatments with straw-returning had higher soil organic carbon content than treatments with no straw-returning,and conservation tillage induced higher soil organic carbon content than conventional tillage. In all treatments except conventional tillage,the organic carbon content in 0-10 cm soil layer was higher than that in 10-20 cm soil layer. In treatments with straw-returning,the organic carbon content in 0-10 cm soil layer decreased in order of deep soiling(PS) >rotary tillage(PR) >no tillage (PZ) >normal ploughing (PH) >conventional tillage (PC), while that in 10-20 cm soil layer was PC>PS>PR>PH>PZ, suggesting that conservation tillage could improve the organic carbon content in 0-10 cm soil layer. Multi factor variance analysis showed that tillage method,straw-returning,and their interaction had significant effects on the organic carbon content in 0-20 cm soil layer at various growth stages of winter wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Hyperion hyperspectral image data, the image-derived shifting sand, false Gobi spectra, and field-measured sparse vegetation spectra were taken as endmembers, and the sparse vegetation coverage (<40%) in Minqin oasis-desert transitional zone of Gansu Province was estimated by using fully constrained linear spectral mixture model (LSMM) and non constrained LSMM, respectively. The results showed that the sparse vegetation fraction based on fully constrained LSMM described the actual sparse vegetation distribution. The differences between sparse vegetation fraction and field-measured vegetation coverage were less than 5% for all samples, and the RMSE was 3.0681. However, the sparse vegetation fraction based on non-constrained LSMM was lower than the field-measured vegetation coverage obviously, and the correlation between them was poor, with a low R² of 0.5855. Compared with McGwire's corresponding research, the sparse vegetation coverage estimation in this study was more accurate and reliable, having expansive prospect for application in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the condition of teeth defect and denture restoration among the middle aged and elder people in Shanghai and to analyse the variation tendency so as to provide relevant policy basis for the government. METHODS: Multistage stratification isasteric random sample was used to acquire the teeth defect and denture restoration information among 791 people from 35 to 44 and 788 people from 65 to 74 years old, respectively. SPSS13.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The teeth defect rate of the middle aged and elder people in Shanghai was 2 1.0% and 8 1.0%, respectively. The mean permanent teeth number was 28.9 and 19.5. The edentulous rate of the elder people was 10.8%. The defect rate was highest in the molar area, and lowest in the canine agra. The denture restoration rate of the middle aged and elder people was 59.6% and 61.7%, respectively. The rate of the removable denture restoration was higher than that of the fixed denture. The rate of full denture, fixed denture and informal fixed bridge restoration in the suburb area was higher than that in the urban area (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The condition of teeth defect and denture restoration among middle aged and elder people in Shanghai is still unsatisfactory even though it has been getting better in the last decade. It is suggested that the government take efforts to lessen the teeth defect by control of caries and periodontal disease, and to improve the restoration level of the middle aged and elder people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]