Search

ObjectivesIn order to obtain the refined leakage flow of brush seal and reveal its sealing mechanism, the mathematical model of the leakage flow characteristics of brush seals based on the bristle pack staggered tube bundle model was established.MethodsThe leakage flow rate and characteristics inside the bristle pack of brush seal were investigated by numerical solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The leakage and pressure distribution obtained by numerical simulation agrees well with the experimental data, which verifies the reliability of the numerical method. The leakage flow rate and characteristics inside the bristle pack of brush seal was analyzed at four kinds of pressure ratios and rotational speeds.ResultsWith the increase of pressure ratio, tiny vortex begins to appear inside the bristle pack and gradually develops. The obstruction effect on the leakage flow becomes larger, which slows down the trend of leakage increment with the pressure ratio. In addition, the pressure drop of the last row of bristle accounting for the overall pressure differential increases from 13.1% to 26.3%.ConclusionsIn the studied range of rotational speed, the influence of rotational speed on the leakage of brush seal can be ignored. When the pressure ratio is different, the difference in the radial flow strength of the leakage flow in the gap between the last row of bristle and the backing plate and the axial flow strength at the fence height will lead to the difference in the vortex system structure under the backing plate. The sealing mechanism of the brush seal was revealed using the refined leakage flow inside the bristle pack. The research results can provide reference for the leakage flow analysis of brush seal using three-dimensional staggered tube bundle model.

To investigate the effects of two different water sources, domestic sewage and nutrient solution, on residue decomposition and the transformation of chromium chemical forms in Cr (Ⅵ) contaminated constructed wetlands, a micro Coix lacryma-jobi constructed wetland was constructed to treat chromium containing wastewater［using domestic sewage (DWS) and 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution (HNS) as simulated solutions containing 0, 20, 40 mg·L-1 Cr (Ⅵ), respectively］. By using the buried root decomposition method, the decomposition dynamics of residual roots and the transformation pattern of chromium chemical forms were studied. The results were as follows: (1) Under 20 and 40 mg·L-1Cr (Ⅵ) stress, the growth of C. lacryma-jobi was inhibited. The plant height and stem diameter of HNS treatment were greater than those of DWS treatment, but the plant height and stem diameter of HNS treatment were more inhibited by Cr (Ⅵ) than those of DWS treatment. (2) The decomposition rate of C. lacryma-jobi residual roots decreased with the increase of Cr (Ⅵ) concentration, and the decomposition rate of HNS treatment was higher than that of DWS treatment. After 60 d of decomposition, under DWS treatment, the residual root chromium content of 20 and 40 mg·L-1 Cr (Ⅵ) treatment decreased by 11.70% and 8.09% respectively compared with that at the initial stage of root burial, while under HNS treatment, the residual root chromium content decreased by 15.80% and 18.42% respectively. The percentage of residual chromium in C. lacryma-jobi root residues at 20 and 40 mg·L-1 treatments decreased with the extension of root burial time, while the percentage of ethanol-extracted chromium and deionized water extracted chromium increased, and the percentage of acetic acid bound chromium increased significantly. (3) In the early stage of residue decomposition, the COD, TN, NH4-N, and total chromium content in the effluents treated with HNS and DWS increased, and then decreased. The trend of change was consistent with the residue decomposition process. HNS treated constructed wetlands were more efficient in removing chromium from wastewater. The research results indicate that after harvesting plants in constructed wetlands, root decomposition can quickly increase the chromium content in the effluent, and appropriately improve the nutritional status in wastewater, which can promote residue decomposition and removal of chromium by wetlands.

Objective·To compare the prognostic effects of radical resection of esophageal cancer, concurrent chemoradiotherapy and simple follow-up observation on the prognosis of patients with T1b invasion of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).Methods·From May 2016 to May 2021, the clinical data of 67 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who were pathologically confirmed as pT1b after ESD and treated in Shanghai Chest Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the additional treatment after ESD, the patients were divided into additional surgery group (S group), chemoradio-therapy group (CRT group) and observation group (O group). χ2 test was used to compare the clinical baseline data and pathological information of the three groups of patients. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used to compare the disease free survival (DFS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) of the three groups of patients, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used on DFS and RFS by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results·Among all 67 patients, there were 23 cases in the S group, 19 cases in the CRT group, and 25 cases in the O group. There was no significant difference in age (P=0.080), gender (P=0.078), tumor length (P=0.485), tumor location (P=0.655), lesion circumferential ratio (P=0.310), histological grading (P=0.084), depth of tumor invasion (P=0.066) and lymphovascular invasion (P=0.279) among the three groups. During (42.6±16.7) months of follow-up, tumor recurrence was observed in 10 cases (14.9%), including 6 patients (60%) with local recurrence, 2 patients (20%) with regional lymph recurrence and 2 patients (20%) with distant metastasis. The median recurrence time of group S, group CRT, and group O was 40.1, 36.6, and 22.1 months, and the 3-year DFSs were 100%, 89.5%, and 74.5% (P-trend=0.040). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that additional esophagectomy was the key to improving independent protective factors of RFS (HR=0.097, 95%CI 0.010‒0.956, P=0.046).Conclusion·For patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma confirmed as pT1b after ESD, additional surgery can significantly reduce the possibility of long-term recurrence.

The provision of a high-quality ecological environment is essential for the quality of life of residents. As an important component of the urban ecological environment, the relationship between urban green spaces and public health requires further investigation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the Chinese and international literature on how urban green spaces affect mental well-being. First, it introduces different approaches of measuring the use of and exposure to urban green spaces. The most commonly used indicators for measuring the use and exposure to urban green spaces include Surrounding Greenness, Access to Green Spaces, Green Viewing Rate and Green Space Quality and Usage Satisfaction. The main advantages of Surrounding Greenness are wide spatial coverage, long timespan, and low cost; however, the accuracy of measuring exposure is relatively low. Researchers have extensively used access to green spaces. Because the bird's-eye perspective cannot fully reflect resident perceptions of park green spaces, scholars have used the green view ratio, which has the advantages of wide coverage, low cost, easy access, and small data deviation. Greenspace quality and usage satisfaction are also important measurement indicators, and their main advantages are low operational difficulty and the ability to reflect residents' subjective evaluations more accurately. It then elucidates the "environmental stress reduction-restoration-instoration" mechanisms underlying the effect of urban green spaces on mental well-being. Specifically, urban green spaces can affect the mental health of residents by reducing the harm arising from heat and pollution, restoring capacity, and building capacity. Green spaces alleviate environmental pressure by purifying air, reducing noise, and alleviating the heat island effect, thereby promoting residents' mental well-being. People can alleviate their psychological stress and restore their ability to control attention by viewing green spaces, thereby protecting their mental health and providing a favorable and convenient venue for residents to conduct physical activities and socialize with their neighbors, which is beneficial to their mental wellbeing. Subsequently, it illustrates the moderating effect of opportunities to use urban green spaces, motivation to use urban green spaces, and ease of using urban green spaces on mental wellbeing from a "socio-ecological" perspective. Finally, it indicates that the current body of literature has several limitations and that future research agendas should be centered on research content, data, perspectives, and methods. Specifically, (1) for research content, the effect of green spaces on the mental well-being of different social and cultural groups is poorly understood. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the analysis of the sociocultural mechanism of the effect of urban green spaces to enrich the existing research framework. (2) Most previous studies used one method to measure the level of greenspace exposure or usage. It is advisable to use a variety of methods to measure the level of greenspace exposure or usage both subjectively and objectively. (3) From a research perspective, most previous studies have used a research paradigm based on local and static analysis, failing to solve the Uncertain Geographic Context Problem (UGCoP). Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a human-centered perspective and accurately measure the impact of green space exposure on residents' mental well-being in their residential neighborhoods, workplaces, and other activity spaces. (4) Researchers need to solve the problem of residential self-selection when investigating the effect of urban green spaces on mental well-being and explore nonlinear complex relationships using advanced methods such as machine learning.

In order to improve the mechanical properties of PBO fiber wet-laid forming mesh, the hot pressing process was used to strengthen it, and the Box-Behnken response surface method was used to establish a response surface model by taking three factors of hot pressing temperature, hot pressing pressure and hot pressing time as independent variables, and taking the fracture strength of PBO fiber wet-laid nonwoven materials as the response value. The results show that the established response surface model is significant and has good fit. The Box-Behnken response surface method can predict the fracture strength of PBO fiber wet-laid nonwoven materials, and conclude that the factors affecting the fracture strength of PBO fiber wet-laid nonwoven materials are hot pressing pressure > hot pressing temperature > hot pressing time. The optimize process parameters of hot pressing are hot pressing temperature 245.6 ℃, hot pressing pressure 8.4 MPa, and hot pressing time 9.3 min. The average breaking strength of PBO fiber wet-laid nonwoven material obtained under this process parameter is 393.9 N.

Researching of adsorbent materials is a hot topic in the fields of uranium mining, processing and treatment of uranium-containing wastewater from spent fuel reprocessing and uranium extraction from seawater. The binding of adsorbent materials to uranium is mainly via the coordination of functional groups, among which the amidoxime groups exhibit excellent adsorption selectivity due to their specific interaction with uranium. In this paper, we summarize the preparation methods of amidoxime groups, especially the cyano-hydroxylamine method is introduced in detail. The progress of the present research on the mono-functional adsorption materials of amidoxime is elaborated from the perspective of the morphology and function of adsorbent materials, while the bifunctional synergistic adsorption of -NH2 and -AO or -COOH and -AO is introduced, and the coordination mechanism of amidoxime groups with uranium is briefly analyzed, and finally, trends are prospected in view of the selection of substrate materials, preparation methods and special functionalities of amidoxime-based adsorbent materials.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)and Langerhans cell sarcoma(LCS)are characterized by clone proliferation of Langerhans-type cells, which may occur concurrently or sequentially with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and other Lymphoid neoplasms. A 15-year old female patient diagnosed with T-ALL developed LCH involving multiple systems during maintenance chemotherapy of T-AL. After treated with chemotherapy with improved result, the patient showed progression of the illness and refractory to the second-line treatment. We found c.G35A (p.G12D)mutation in the KRAS gene and used the targeted drug Trametinib for treatment. The treatment proved effective, leading to partial remission within a week. Three months after Trametinib treatment, the patient developed new lymphadenopathy. Biopsy revealed the existence of LCS. The disease progressed quickly, and the patient died 7 days after diagnosis of LCS. The case of patients with T-ALL then developing LCH and LCS sequentially is extraordinarily rare. The causes of the case is unclear and may be related to cell transdifferentiation, clonal evolution, and chemotherapy. Targeted drugs can contain this disease for a short time.

Neuroblastoma-amplified sequence (NBAS) is a highly conserved gene firstly found in neuroblastoma, targeting on the human chromosome 2 p24.3 and encodes a protein that is a subunit of the Syntaxin 18 complex. The functions of NBAS include the involvement in transport of Golgi-to-Endoplasmic Reticulum retrograde and degradation of nonsense-mediated mRNA. NBAS gene is widely expressed in more than 30 tissues, suggesting that it may play an important role in human body. In 2010 and 2015, NBAS was identified successively as the pathogenic gene of SOPH syndrome and fever-related liver failure respectively. Recent studies shows that NBAS gene mutations can involve immune system and cause immune deficiency. In this paper, we review the biological function of NBAS, NBAS gene mutation-related diseases and their pathogenesis in recent years.

Based on the hazards of dust in the process of coal mining, transportation, storage and coal processing and utilization, as well as the economic burden brought to laborers, enterprises and the country, the application characteristics and latest research results of coal dust suppressor in recent years are discussed. The results show that the development of coal dust suppressor has gradually changed from the traditional efficiency enhanced type to the current multi-functional, multi-component, economic and environmental protection material type. Among them, microbial dust suppressor has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of coal dust suppressor with the advantages of high dust suppression efficiency, low cost and remarkable environmental protection performance.

In order to promote the detection accuracy and separation efficiency of CO2 expanded cut tobacco in blended cut tobacco of cigarette, a separator for separating CO2 expanded cut tobacco from blended cut tobacco was designed by using CO2 expanded tobacco as a tracer and combining the chemical specific gravity method with fluid dynamics. The device mainly consists of a separation system, a collection system, a power system, an automatic liquid level control system and an electric control system. Following the introduction of the separating solution, the cut tobacco sample immersed in the solution was stirred and turned into upper, middle and lower layers under the action of floatation, stratification and filtration due to the density difference between expanded tobacco and other components in the cut tobacco sample. The designed separator was tested with the blended cut tobacco of "Septwolves" brand cigarette provided by china Tobacco Fujian Industrial Limited corporation. The results showed that the separator featured high precision, good accuracy and repeatability. The absolute error was less than 0.25%, the standard deviation ranged from 0.17% to 0.38%, and the coefficient of variation was less than 5%. The separation and detection efficiency increased by more than 80% compared with the manual separation method. This technology supports the promotion of tobacco blending accuracy and uniformity in cigarette production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to discuss the production of syngas CO and hydrocarbons (HCs) and the effect of water on coal gasification reactivity, the gasification and combustion characteristics of coal were tested in a CO2 enrichment environment (O2 concentration≤10%) using a self-made CO2 laser beam with a 200 °C/s rapid heating system by changing the heating rate, oxygen concentration and moisture content of coal samples. The experimental results show that with the increase of heating temperature in the process of coal gasification and combustion, the mass loss of coal sample and the output of syngas increases continuously, and the relationship between the mass loss of coal sample and the transformed gas environment is air atmosphere>CO2-rich atmosphere> N2-rich atmosphere. On the other hand, in a CO2-rich gas environment, with the increase of heating temperature, the production of CO gas and HCs gas at 5%O2 concentration is relatively large. In addition, it is found that the amount of CO gas generated is relatively reduced, while the amount of HCs generated is relatively increased. This result shows that during the gasification and combustion of coal in CO2 enriched gas environment, the generation of CO gas mainly depends on O2 concentration, while the generation of HCs mainly depends on H2O.

The matrix asphalt was modified with graphene, and the high temperature properties of the modified asphalt with different contents of graphene were analyzed. The dispersion of graphene in the asphalt was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show that graphene can improve the PG grade of modified asphalt, and the penetration of modified asphalt decreases with the increase of graphene content, while the softening point and dynamic viscosity increase. When the content of graphene exceeds 3%, the increase of complex shear modulus of modified asphalt at high temperature is limited when the dosage of graphene exceeds 3%. When the dosage exceeds 4%, the specimen cannot be formed due to excessive viscosity. Considering cost and road performance. it is recommended that the dosage of graphene should be 2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic replay can effectively improve the fidelity of network emulation and support emerging network verification and network security evaluation. A distributed traffic replay system based on cloud platform is designed for large-scale, high-speed and highly concurrent network traffic emulation, named DTRS. Aiming at the diverse network traffic, a scalable multi-stream replay method is proposed to realize the flexible reproduction of multiple protocol traffic. A traffic replay strategy based on DPDK is proposed to achieve accurate control of the replay process and improve the timing fidelity of replay. To solve the problem of insufficient traffic replay speed, a vector packet processing strategy based on VPP is proposed to improve the throughput. The experimental results show that DTRS can realize the scalable loading of diverse network traffic, and support the flexible, realistic and controllable reproduction of massive heterogeneous network scenarios. In high- speed traffic emulation, DTRS can ensure the timing fidelity of replay. Compared with traditional methods, the traffic replay throughput of DTRS has increased by 3.71 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To deepen the connection between theory and practice in the teaching of direct shear experiments in soil mechanics, a temperature-controlled static and dynamic direct shear experimental system was designed in this study. [Methods] The designed experimental system was based on the principle of direct shear. Normal stress and horizontal shear displacement were applied through an air cylinder and a servo motor, respectively. The condition of constant normal stiffness was achieved by installing a normal spring. The sample temperature was controlled through the flow of liquid at constant temperatures. The data was collected through a data acquisition system. The experimental process was also controlled through this system. Combined with practical issues in the application of energy geostructures, wherein the surrounding soil and soil-structure interface was subjected to thermal, static, and dynamic loads. Non-isothermal shear tests were conducted using this new system. To verify the reliability of the designed experimental system, monotonic direct shear tests were conducted on sand under constant normal stress and monotonic direct shear tests on sand-steel interfaces under constant normal stiffness conditions. To study the influence of the temperature on the static and dynamic shear characteristics of the soil and soil-structure interfaces, monotonic and cyclic shear tests on the sand, monotonic shear tests at the clay-steel interface under constant normal stress conditions, and monotonic shear tests at the sand-steel interface under constant normal stiffness conditions were performed at 22 °C and 60 °C, respectively. [Results] The results showed that the correlations between the shear strengths and the corresponding normal stresses for the tested sand and sand-steel interface under different boundary conditions could be fitted with straight lines, called the Coulomb strength lines. The results also showed that the monotonic shear stress curves at 22 C and 60 C almost overlapped for both sand and sand-steel interface samples. Irreversible displacements were observed during the cyclic shear process of sand samples at 22 C and 60 C, and no significant discrepancy was observed between the shear stress-shear displacement curves with continual shear. However, the monotonic shear at the interface between the clay and the steel exhibited strain hardening characteristics, and the interface shear strength slightly increased with temperature. [Conclusions] The experimental results verified the applicability and accuracy of the designed temperature-controlled static and dynamic direct shear experimental system. This experimental system can research thermal coupling characteristics of soils and soil-structure interfaces, evaluate the bearing characteristics of energy geostructures, enrich the direct shear experimental teaching content, cultivate awareness regarding experiments serving engineering problems, and improve their ability to solve practical problems. Based on the preliminary experimental results, temperature showed no significant effect on the shear mechanical properties of the sand and sand-steel interface but significantly affected the shear properties of the clay-steel interface. In the design and application of energy geostructures, the effect of temperatures should be considered reasonably based on the characteristics of the onsite soil and soil-structure interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent new technologies and progress of refractories for iron and steel industry were introduced, including composite bonded silicon carbide materials for coke dry quenching furnaces, key refractories for hydrogen-based shaft furnaces, key refractories for OY furnaces (improved COREX-C3000), silicon carbide tuyere combination bricks for iron-making blast furnaces, environmentally friendly long-life Al2O3-SiC-C castables for blast furnace iron trough, zirconia slide plates for slag skimming of converters, refractories for refining ladles, gradient functional refractories for continuous casting, high-efficiency thermal insulation materials for high-temperature devices, recycling of hot blast furnace slag and foam ceramic filters for casting. Through the adoption of these new technologies, the requirements of new equipment and new technology in iron and steel industry can be met, improving the service life of existing furnace lining or key refractory materials, saving energy and decreasing consumption, purifying molten steel or molten iron, and strengthening the utilization of solid waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to establish the connection between handicap control and arm motion, combined with inertial measurement unit (IMU), an arm motion recognition method based on sub-motion feature matrix and the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the arm linkage movement model is established, and the spatial position of the arm end is calculated using the forward kinematics theory. Then the angular velocity and spatial position changes of the arm end are analyzed. It is found that the continuous arm movement can be broken down into several sub-actions according to the activity level of the movement, and the sub-motion feature matrix is constructed. Finally, the DTW algorithm based on the sub-motion feature matrix is used to classify and recognize six common arm movements in life. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional time series-based DTW action recognition method, the recognition accuracy of the method based on sub-action feature matrix is increased from 96.9% to 99.4%, and the recognition time is reduced to less than 0.1 s, and thus the method is more practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Salvia injection and needle-knife therapy are commonly used techniques in the treatment of osteoarthritis in clinical practice. At present, there is no research on the combination of the two methods. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of needle-knife therapy and salvia injection and their combinations in the treatment of osteoarthritis in rabbit models. METHODS: The study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethical Committee of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine. Fifty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into five groups: blank control, model, saivia injection, needle-knife, and combination groups. The rat models of osteoarthritis were established in all groups except for blank control group. After successful modeling, medial and lateral patellar retinaculums, medial and lateral knee eyes, suprapatellar bursa, muscle belly of each quadriceps femoris, muscle belly and ending point of gracilis, muscle belly and ending point of adductor and area surrounding the tibial plateau of rats in the needle-knife group received needle-knife release. The rabbits in the blank control and model groups underwent the intra-articular injection of nonnal saline (0.3 ml). The rabbits in the salvia injection group were given the intra-articular injection of salvia (0.3 mL). The rabbits in the combination group received needle-knife release, followed by intra-articular injection of salvia (0.3 mL). All interventions were conducted weekly, for 5 consecutive weeks. The knee articular cartilage underwent gross observation and histological observation. The levels of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in synovial fluid were detected by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Gross observation: the worn artificial knee in the model group was serious, and was slight in the salvia injection, needle-knife, and combination groups. (2) Pathological scores: the scores in the salvia injection group were slightly higher than those in the needle-knife and combination groups. (3) ELISA results: the levels of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the combination group were significantly lower than those in the salvia injection and needle-knife groups (P < 0.05). (4) In summary, needle-knife therapy combined with intra-articular injection of salvia is superior to needle-knife therapy alone or intra-articular injection of salvia in reducing the levels of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rabbit models of osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the problems of more saline-alkali lands in Inner Mongolia, SBS elastomer, waste rubber powder and salt-alkali resistant agent were used as modifiers to prepare salt-alkali resistant modified asphalt waterproofing materials by high temperature shearing method. The chloride ion penetration resistance of modified asphalt waterproofing materials was mainly studied. The results show that the chloride ion penetration resistance of asphalt waterproofing membrane can be significantly enhanced by the appropriate amount of waste rubber powder, filler and suitable processing temperature. Under the same conditions, the modification effect of fly ash is better than that of talcum powder. In addition, the alkali-resistant asphalt waterproofing membrane prepared in this study possesses good economic benefits and engineering application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of a large number of toxic gases in the flammable and pavement paving of asphalt pavement, the effect of cooling and flame retardancy and road performance of SMA mixture with different proportions of EC130 warm mixing agent and FRMAX flame retardant were studied through laboratory experiments. The results show that the effect of EC130 warm mixing agent and FRMAX flame retardant is obvious, and the flame retardants have little effect on the cooling effect, and the warm mixing agent is beneficial to the improvement of the flame retardancy effect. Through the pavement performance test, the optimum mixing amount of EC130 warm mixing agent in SMA mixture is 0.3% and the best dosage of FRMAX flame retardant is 0.5%. It is excellent and has the best economic benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desertification is one of most serious problems which affect eco-construction and agricultural production in Ningxia and other arid and semiarid areas in China. To study the effects of tree branch application patterns on physicochemical property and microbial activity of desertified soil, pruned tree branches were collected as soil amended materials from local common trees of farmland shelterbelt, and a two-year study was conducted from October 2011 to October 2013 in Yinchuan Belly Desert of Ningxia. Four experimental treatments were set up, including 1) CK (no tree branches applied), 2) CI (5% (w/w) grinded poplar branch chips incorporated into 0-20 cm soil layer), 3) CM (grinded poplar branch chips mulched on soil surface with a thickness of about 3 cm) and 4) CI+BM (5% (w/w) of grinded poplar branch chips incorporated into 0-20 cm soil layer plus ungrinded willow branches crisscross mulched on soil surface with a thickness of 30-40 cm and a coverage of 50%-60%). The 0-20 cm soils were sampled and measured in October 2012 and October 2013 respectively. Results showed as follows: To physical properties, compared with CK, CI and CI+BM decreased bulk density yet increased total porosity and field water holding capacity of desertified soil in 2012 and 2013 (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two on other physical properties except CI+BM had more effect on increasing total porosity than CI in 2013; CM significantly increased total porosity in 2012 (P<0.05), but had no effect on other indicators of physical properties compared with CK in 2012 and 2013. To chemical properties, compared with CK, both CI and CI+BM increased organic carbon, available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) in 2012 and then increased total salt, organic carbon, total nitrogen (N), total P, alkaline N, available P and available K in 2013 (P<0.05), yet had no effects on pH value (P>0.05); furthermore, CI+BM had more effect on increasing total N than CI in 2013; compared with CK, CM increased total available P and available K in 2012 and then increased pH value, total N, alkaline N, available P and available K in 2013 (P<0.05), yet had no effect on other chemical properties compared with CK (P>0.05). To biological properties, it showed an order of CI+BM > CI > CM > CK on enhancing microbial activity, CI and CI+BM enhanced soil respiration, microbial number, urease activity and catalase activity compared with CK in 2012 and 2013 (P<0.05), and CI+BM tended to have more effect on enhancing microbial activity than CI; and also compared with CK, CM also increased soil respiration, urease activity and catalase activity in 2012 and 2013 (P<0.05), as well as increased bacteria and fungi number in 2012, yet had no effect on microbial number in 2013. An analysis indicated that soil physical, chemical and biological properties were improved in 2013 than in 2012. Additionally, a correlation analysis indicated that most of measured soil indicators were significantly or highly significantly correlated with organic carbon content (except pH value and total K in 2013), and organic carbon content presented a tendency of CI+BM > CI > CM > CK among treatments in 2012 and 2013; a comprehensive index SQI (soil quality index), which was applied for assessing soil quality, also presented a tendency of CI+BM > CI > CM > CK in 2012 (0.907, 0.678, 0.259 and 0.105 respectively) and 2013 (0.926, 0.828, 0.258 and 0.136 respectively). In summary, all tree application patterns have positive effects on improving soil properties or quality during experimental period, which presents a tendency of CI+BM > CI > CM > CK among treatments. Above study provides a successful case for ecological management and agricultural production for Ningxia and other arid and semiarid areas of North China; meanwhile it also may be beneficial to tree branch recycling and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering insufficient sample numbers in the practical detection of soluble solid content (SSC) in cherry tomato, we proposed a deep convolutional generation adversarial network (DCGAN) model to expand spectral data and SSC label data, and established a one-dimensional convolutional neural network regression (1D-CNNR) model to improve the prediction accuracy and generalization capability of the DCGAN model. For comparison, a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model and a support vector regression (SVR) model were established. The original dataset of 80 samples, the DCGAN extended dataset of 1 000 samples and the combined dataset of 1 080 samples were separately used for modeling and prediction with 1D-CNNR, SVR and PLSR. To further verify the generalization capability of the models, a new batch of 40 cherry tomato samples was used as a new test set. The results showed that the 1D-CNNR model based on the calibration set separated from the combined dataset was the optimal regression model for SSC detection. The prediction accuracy of the model for the test set from the combined dataset was the highest, with correlation coefficient of prediction (rp) of 0.980 7, and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEp) of 0.192 9. The prediction accuracy of the 1D-CNNR model for the new test set of 40 samples was also the highest, with rp of 0.963 8 and RMSEp of 0.224 5. This study provides a new idea for the accurate determination of the SSC in cherry tomato.

Objective To study the curative effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) complicated with diabetes mellitus. Methods Eighty patients with OSAHS and diabetes mellitus were included and randomly divided into treatment group (n=40) and control group (n= 40). The control group was given conventional treatment including diabetes diet and hypoglycemic drugs. The treatment group was given Futong ST-25 continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation besides the conventional treatment. The serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), two-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 hPG), insulin, sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI), low oxygen saturation (LSpO2) and the longest apnea time were monitored before and after treatment in two groups. Results After four-week treatment, values of FPG, 2 hPG, AHI and the longest apnea time were significantly lower in treatment group than those in control group (P < 0.01), but values of insulin, two-hour postprandial insulin and LSpO2 were significantly higher in treatment group than those in control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion CPAP therapy can effectively decrease blood sugar level and improve AHI, LSpO2 and the longest apnea time in elderly patients with OSAHS complicated with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a rocket artillery elevating mechanism planetary reducer,firstly the rigid dynamics model is built by using the software ADAMS and the rightness of the model is verified through dynamics simulation,then,the dynamic load in time- domain and frequency- domain for the key parts of the reducer are obtained.Secondly,the finite element modal of the reducer box is established and the forced vibration response of the reducer is calculated with the software LMS Virtual. Lab and its vibration noise characteristics is simulated by using the acoustic boundary element method. A foundation for further understand the dynamic performance of the rocket artillery elevating mechanism reducer is provided,and the technical support for the optimal design of vibration and noise reduction of this sort of reducer is also provided.

The relationship between the size of inner diameter of induction heating coil and induction heating result was analyzed based on the transformer series equivalent circuit model of induction heating coil,the data of induction heating result under different inner diameters were calculated by using finite element model,they were processed by using polynomial fitting method to get the best fit polynomial,the change law of the data was reflected. The result shows that the relationships between the temperature difference between center and surface,power and the size of inner diameter present a decreasing trend,the relationship between the heating time and the size of inner diameter presents a increasing trend. The inner diameter optimization model was established based on the best fit polynomial,the optimization model was solved by using genetic algorithms,the optimal solution of inner diameter is 49. 15 mm,it provides a theoretical basis for induction heating coil optimized design.

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of negative fluid balance and infection management in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by severe novel coronavirus infection., Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted. Patients with ARDS caused by severe novel coronavirus infection who were hospitalized in the department of critical care medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine and received non-invasive ventilator assisted ventilation were selected as the research objects. The fluid intake and output of all patients were accurately counted every day, and the fluid intake of the next day was adjusted according to the output of the previous day. According to the fluid negative balance, and whether the hospital infection management measures were complied with during the treatment and inspection of the patients, 45 patients with a negative fluid balance of more than 200 mL/d and strict management of nosocomial infection were taken as the observation group, and 48 patients with a negative fluid balance of less than 200 mL/d and no strict management of nosocomial infection were taken as the control group. The general data, weaning success rate, endotracheal intubation rate, mortality, as well as laboratory indicators such as white blood cell count (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) after treatment were compared between the two groups., Results: There were no significant differences in gender (male: 51.1% vs. 52.1%), age (years old: 66.31±15.92 vs. 67.50±13.59), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II: 18.98±4.81 vs. 18.54±4.35) between the observation group and the control group (all P > 0.05), indicating that the baseline data were balanced and comparable. Compared with the control group, the weaning success rate of the observation group significantly increased [53.3% (24/45) vs. 31.2% (15/48), P = 0.031], endotracheal intubation rate significantly decreased [22.2% (10/45) vs. 43.8% (21/48), P = 0.028], mortality significantly reduced [20.0% (9/45) vs. 41.7% (20/48), P = 0.024], laboratory indicators WBC, PCT and CRP levels were significantly reduced [WBC (×10 9 /L): 8.085±4.136 vs. 16.898±7.733, CRP (mg/L): 82.827±52.680 vs. 150.679±74.625, PCT (μg/L): 3.142±2.323 vs. 7.539±5.939, all P < 0.01]., Conclusions: Fluid negative balance and infection management have significant clinical significance in the treatment of severe novel coronavirus infection with ARDS.

Polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase (PHAD) can be used for the degradation and recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). In order to develop a PHAD with good stability under high temperature, PHAD from Thermomonospora umbrina (TumPHAD) was heterelogously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). At the same time, a mutant A190C/V240C with enhanced stability was obtained via rational design of disulfide bonds. Characterization of enzymatic properties showed that the mutant A190C/V240C had an optimum temperature of 60 ℃, which was 20 ℃ higher than that of the wild type. The half-life at 50 ℃ was 7 hours, at 50 ℃ which was 21 times longer than that of the wild type. The mutant A190C/V240C was used for the degradation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), one of the typical PHA. At 50 ℃, the degradation rate of PHB being treated for 2 hours and 12 hours was 2.1 times and 3.8 times higher than that of the wild type, respectively. The TumPHAD mutant A190C/V240C obtained in this study shows tolerance to high temperature resistance, good thermal stability and strong PHB degradation ability, which may facilitate the degradation and recovery of PHB.

Cell migration is defined as the directional movement of cells toward a specific chemical concentration gradient, which plays a crucial role in embryo development, wound healing and tumor metastasis. However, current research methods showed low flux and are only suitable for single-factor assessment, and it was difficult to comprehensively consider the effects of other parameters such as different concentration gradients on cell migration behavior. In this paper, a four-channel microfluidic chip was designed. Its characteristics were as follows: it relied on laminar flow and diffusion mechanisms to establish and maintain a concentration gradient; it was suitable for observation of cell migration in different concentration gradient environment under a single microscope field; four cell isolation zones (20 μm width) were integrated into the microfluidic device to calibrate the initial cell position, which ensured the accuracy of the experimental results. In particular, we used COMSOL Multiphysics software to simulate the structure of the chip, which demonstrated the necessity of designing S-shaped microchannel and horizontal pressure balance channel to maintain concentration gradient. Finally, neutrophils were incubated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs, 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 μmol·L -1 ), which were closely related to diabetes mellitus and its complications. The migration behavior of incubated neutrophils was studied in the 100 nmol·L -1 of chemokine (N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine) concentration gradient. The results prove the reliability and practicability of the microfluidic chip.

Objective: To examine the safety and short-term outcomes of prone position thoracoscopic esophagectomy. Methods: Clinical data of consecutive thirty patients who accepted prone position thoracoscopic esophagectomy at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital between July and December 2020 was analyzed retrospectively. There were 25 males and 5 females, aging 65.5(29.0) years ( M ( Q R ))(range: 48 to 82 years). Patients with cT3-4a accounted for 73.3%(22/30) and cN(+) accounted for 43.4%(18/30). All the patients in this study had no serious comorbidity, accepted prone position thoracoscopic esophagectomy. Results: No conversion to thoracotomy occurred. The overall time of operation was 210 (105) minutes (range: 130 to 268 minutes), the time of thoracic procedures was 92 (46) minutes (range: 72 to 136 minutes), the time of abdominal procedures was 32 (14) minutes (range: 20 to 48 minutes), respectively. R0 resection accounted for 93.3%(28/30), the negative ratio of circumferential margin was 96.7%(29/30). The number of lymph nodes dissection was 21.5(7.2) (range: 16.0 to 28.0) in total, 12.0(6.5) (range: 9.0 to 18.0) in thoracic lymph nodes, 2.0(1.5) (range: 1.0 to 5.0) in left recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph nodes, and 1.0(1.0) (range: 1.0 to 3.0) in right recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph nodes, respectively. There was no perioperative death, and the overall postoperative complication rate was 43.3%(13/30). The incidence of anastomotic leakage was 10.0%(3/30), recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis was 26.7%(8/30), and respiratory complication was 6.7%(2/30). The postoperative hospital stay was 10 (9) days (range: 5 to 42 days). Conclusion: Prone position thoracoscopic esophagectomy is safe and feasible, and the short-term outcomes is satisfactory.

Objective: To explore the effect of self-made protective clothing in tracheal intubation for the patients with respiratory infectious diseases., Methods: Self-made protective clothing were made by adult model plastic raincoat with sleeve lets and goggles. A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. Patients with severe respiratory infectious diseases who needed tracheal intubation admitted to the department of intensive medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine from January 1st 2018 to March 31st 2020 were enrolled. According to the random number table method, they were divided into two groups. The control group was wearing standard protective clothing, while the test group was wearing self-made protective clothing for endotracheal intubation. The wearing time, infection rate of operators and costs of protective clothing were compared between the two groups. The patients were sprayed with trypanosome blue diluent before tracheal intubation, and the whole body of the operator was photographed with fluorescence before wearing self-made protective clothing and after doing tracheal intubation to take off the self-made protective clothing, in order to evaluate the permeability resistance of self-made protective clothing., Results: A total of 86 patients were enrolled. There were 46 cases in the test group, included 28 cases of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, 11 cases of influenza B virus infection and 7 cases of adenovirus infection. There were 40 cases in the control group, included 15 cases of H1N1 virus infection, 10 cases of influenza B virus infection, 10 cases of adenovirus infection and 5 cases of unknown pathogen. There was no significant difference in respiratory etiology between the two groups (χ 2 = 3.789, P = 0.435). The wearing protective clothing time of the control group was 11.6 times than that of the test group (minutes: 22.23±1.45 vs. 1.86±0.24, χ 2 = 19.023, P < 0.001). The cost of standard protective clothing was 12.5 times than that of self-made protective clothing (Yuan/set: 500 vs. 40). Fluorescent photography showed that the whole body of the operator was not stained after tracheal intubation, indicating that the protective clothing had good anti permeability and achieved the protective effect. There was no operator infection in the test group and the control group., Conclusions: Self-made protective clothing has short wearing time, low cost and equivalent isolation effect compared with standard protective clothing, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective: To explore the effects of different mild hypothermia therapy time on the efficacy and complications of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI)., Methods: A retrospective research method was used. 132 patients with STBI given mild hypothermia therapy admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2010 to December 2018 were enrolled. According to the days of mild hypothermia therapy, the patients were divided into 2-day mild hypothermia treatment group, 5-day mild hypothermia treatment group and 14-day mild hypothermia treatment group. Glasgow coma score (GCS) after treatment of 10 days and 30 days, 30-day disability rate and mortality, coma time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib), D-dimer, and the incidence of complications such as decreased blood pressure, decreased gastrointestinal motility, infection, nonunion of scalp, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, etc. were compared among three groups., Results: Among the 132 patients with STBI, there were 44 cases in the 2-day mild hypothermia treatment group, 45 cases in 5-day mild hypothermia treatment group, and 43 cases in 14-day mild hypothermia treatment group. There was no significant difference in gender, age, GCS score before treatment or time from injury to admission among three groups. Compared with 2-day mild hypothermia treatment group, the GCS score 10 days and 30 days after treatment in 5-day mild hypothermia treatment group and 14-day mild hypothermia treatment group were significantly higher (11.61±2.23, 10.17±2.03 vs. 6.79±1.49; 13.15±2.53, 11.24±2.24 vs. 8.79±1.59), the coma time were shorten (days: 5.79±1.89, 5.45±1.72 vs. 13.65±2.73), and 30-day disability rate and mortality were significantly decreased [13.33% (6/45), 11.63% (5/43) vs. 22.73% (10/44); 17.78% (8/45), 16.28% (7/43) vs. 31.82% (14/44)], PT and APTT were reduced obviously (s: 20.14±4.12, 22.54±3.56 vs. 30.67±5.19; 35.14±12.41, 38.59±13.54 vs. 56.67±10.62), Fib rose obviously (g/L: 1.84±0.25, 1.98±0.27 vs. 0.67±0.12), and D-dimer reduced obviously (mg/L: 53.10±19.84, 49.20±20.13 vs. 102.60±20.13), with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference in above indicators between the 5-day mild hypothermia treatment group and 14-day mild hypothermia treatment group (all P > 0.05). The incidence of complications in 14-day mild hypothermia group was significantly higher than those in 2-day mild hypothermia group and 5-day mild hypothermia group [decrease of blood pressure: 55.56% (20/36) vs. 36.67% (11/30), 35.14% (13/37); weakening of stomach intestinemotive power: 72.22% (26/36) vs. 46.67% (14/30), 45.95% (17/37); urethral infection: 52.78% (19/36) vs. 36.67% (11/30), 35.14% (13/37); lungs infection: 47.22% (17/36) vs. 36.67% (11/30), 37.84% (14/37); disunion of scalp: 5.56% (2/36) vs. 0% (0/30), 0% (0/37); leak of cerebrospinal fluid: 5.56% (2/36) vs. 0% (0/30), 0% (0/37), all P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference between the 2-day mild hypothermia treatment group and 5-day mild hypothermia treatment group (all P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The optimal time frame for mild hypothermia treatment in patients with STBI is 5-day, which shortens the coma time, and reduces the mortality and the disability rate. The shorter mild temperature time cannot effectively prevent secondary brain injury. However, the prolonged period of mild temperature will affect the repair of the patient's injury tissue, which is not conducive to the recovery of patient's mechanical function and is prone to complications.

Objective: To survey the contamination of L. monocytogenes isolated from retail ready-to-eat meats in Beijing., Methods: Ready-to-eat meats were quantitatively detected for L. monocytogenes using MPN method. L. monocytogenes isolates were analyzed by PFGE., Results: Fourteen out of 197 ready-to-eat meat samples were positive for L. monocytogenes with the contamination rate of 7.11% and the geometry mean contamination level of 14.31 MPN/g. The contamination of L. monocytogenes isolated from free trade market (13.89%) was more severe than those from specificity store (8.57%), supermarket (5.75%) and restaurant (2.56%), while supermarket had the highest mean contamination level of 22.78 MPN/g. A total of 13 PFGE types were characterized using DICE-UPGMA analysis through BioNumerics 7.1 software. There were two isolates from the same free trade market share the same PFGE type, which suggested the same contamination source of both samples., Conclusion: Contamination of L. monocytogenes exist in retail ready-to-eat meats. The contamination level of L. monocytogenes isolated from free trade market is more severe than those from specificity store, supermarket and restaurant.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and advantage of minimally invasive esophagectomy for surgical treatment of submucosal esophageal cancer compared to conventional open procedure., Methods: Clinical data of consecutive 168 patients with stage T1b submucosal esophageal cancer undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE, esophagectomy by thoracoscope, stomach freeing by laparoscope or open abdomen, cervical esophagogastric anastomosis) or conventional open esophagectomy (OE) at the Shanghai Chest Hospital between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Intraoperative and postoperative information was compared between the two groups., Results: Both groups were equally stratified by sex, body mass index and age. No patient of MIE group was transferred to open operation. As compared to the OE group, the MIE group had significantly more harvest lymph nodes (median 12 vs. median 9, P=0.004), lower rate of postoperative pneumonia [5.8% (4/69) vs. 21.2% (21/99), P=0.011] and pleural effusion [8.7% (6/69) vs. 23.2% (23/99), P=0.027], and shorter hospital stay (median 11 d vs. median 14 d, P=0.041), but positive margin was found in 1 case. There were no significant differences of respiratory failure, pneumothorax, atrial arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, recurrent nerve palsy, anastomotic leak, reoperations and 30-day mortality between the two groups. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed recurrent nerve palsy, anastomotic leak and surgical approach were found to be the main factors of hospital stay within postoperative 12 days, while leakage when the in-hospital time more than 12 days. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the surgical approach was the independent factor of hospital stay, MIE could shorten the hospital stay (P=0.013)., Conclusion: MIE should be considered as the standard approach in the treatment of T1b submucosal esophageal cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of dorsalis pedis flap series-parallel big toe nail composite tissue flap in the repairment of hand skin of degloving injury with tumb defect., Methods: Between March 2009 and June 2013, 8 cases of hand degloving injury with thumb defect caused by machine twisting were treated. There were 7 males and 1 female with the mean age of 36 years (range, 26-48 years). Injury located at the left hand in 3 cases and at the right hand in 5 cases. The time from injury to hospitalization was 1.5-4.0 hours (mean, 2.5 hours). The defect area was 8 cm x 6 cm to 15 cm x 1 cm. The thumb defect was rated as degree I in 5 cases and as degree II in 3 cases. The contralateral dorsal skin flap (9 cm x 7 cm to 10 cm x 8 cm) combined with ipsilateral big toe nail composite tissue flap (2.5 cm x 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm x 2.0 cm) was used, including 3 parallel anastomosis flaps and 5 series anastomosis flaps. The donor site of the dorsal flap was repaired with thick skin grafts, the stumps wound was covered with tongue flap at the shank side of big toe., Results: Vascular crisis occurred in 1 big toe nail composite tissue flap, margin necrosis occurred in 2 dorsalis pedis flap; the other flaps survived, and primary healing of wound was obtained. The grafted skin at dorsal donor site all survived, skin of hallux toe stump had no necrosis. Eight cases were followed up 4-20 months (mean, 15.5 months). All flaps had soft texture and satisfactory appearance; the cutaneous sensory recovery time was 4-7 months (mean, 5 months). At 4 months after operation, the two-point discrimination of the thumb pulp was 8-10 mm (mean, 9 mm), and the two-point discrimination of dorsal skin flap was 7-9 mm (mean, 8.5 mm). According to Society of Hand Surgery standard for the evaluation of upper part of the function, the results were excellent in 4 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case. The donor foot had normal function., Conclusion: Dorsalis pedis flap series-parallel big toe nail composite tissue flap is an ideal way to repair hand skin defect, and reconstructs the thumb, which has many advantages, including simple surgical procedure, no limitation to recipient site, soft texture, satisfactory appearance and function of reconstructing thumb, and small donor foot loss.

Objective: To test the aerobic plate count examining capability of microbiology laboratories, to ensure the accuracy and comparability of quantitative bacteria examination results, and to improve the quality of monitoring., Methods: The 4 different concentration aerobic plate count piece samples were prepared and noted as I, II, III and IV. After homogeneity and stability tests, the samples were delivered to monitoring institutions. The results of I, II, III samples were logarithmic transformed, and evaluated with Z-score method using the robust average and standard deviation. The results of IV samples were evaluated as "satisfactory" when reported as < 10 CFU/piece or as "not satisfactory" otherwise. Pearson χ2 test was used to analyze the ratio results., Results: 309 monitoring institutions, which was 99.04% of the total number, reported their results. 271 institutions reported a satisfactory result, and the satisfactory rate was 87.70%. There was no statistical difference in satisfactory rates of I, II and III samples which were 81.52%, 88.30% and 91.40% respectively. The satisfactory rate of IV samples was 93.33%. There was no statistical difference in satisfactory rates between provincial and municipal CDC., Conclusion: The quality control program has provided scientific data that the aerobic plate count capability of the laboratories meets the requirements of monitoring tasks.

Objective: To explore the regulation of the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) of nerve growth factor (NGF) and examine the mechanism of nerve growth factor in promoting fracture repair., Methods: A total of 108 healthy New Zealand white rabbits, weighting 2.5-3.0 kg, male or female, were randomly divided into 3 groups of NGF (Group A), antagonistic NGF (Group B) and control (Group C) (n = 36 each). A standard model of right mid-piece radial fracture was established. Group A received an intravenous injection of NGF 200 ng/kg twice daily 1 week while group B an intraperitoneal injection of NGF antibody 400 ng thrice daily for 3 weeks; group C physiological saline 1 ml twice daily for 3 weeks. And 6 rabbits in each group were sacrificed at 24 h, 48 h, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks respectively. And BMP proteins of fracture specimens were analyzed by Western immunoblot., Results: NGF promoted the expression of BMP in fracture while NGF antagonist inhibited its expression. NGF group produced more BMP earlier than control or NGF antagonist group during fracture healing while the production of BMP was more pronounced in control group than that in NGF antagonist group during fracture healing. And the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Capable of promoting the expression of BMP in radial fracture of rabbit, NGF may be beneficial to fracture healing directly or indirectly.

Objective: To investigate the surgical techniques and effectiveness for reconstruction of severe full-thickness chest wall defects., Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2010, 14 patients with full-thickness chest wall defects were treated, including 12 cases caused by giant chest wall malignant tumor excision, 1 case by thermocompression injury, and 1 case by radiation necrosis. There were 8 males and 6 females with an average age of 42 years (range, 23-65 years). The size of chest wall defects ranged from 8 cm x 5 cm to 26 cm x 14 cm. All patients complicated by rib defect (1-5 ribs), and 3 cases by sternum defect. Thoracic skeleton reconstruction was performed with Vicryl mesh or polytetrafluoroethylene mesh in 10 patients. Other 4 patients did not undergo thoracic skeleton reconstruction. The bilobed skin flaps, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, and rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap were utilized for repairing soft tissue defects. The size of the dissected flaps ranged from 10 cm x 7 cm to 25 cm x 13 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly or were repaired by free skin graft., Results: Poor healing of incision occurred in 2 cases, which was cured after debridement, myocutaneous flap transfer, and skin graft. The other wounds healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-36 months (mean, 8 months). No tumor recurrence during follow-up, except 1 patient with osteosarcoma who died of liver metastasis at 6 months after operation. Transient slight paradoxical respiration occurred in 1 patient who did not undergo thoracic skeleton reconstruction at 5 days after operation. Integrity of chest wall in other patients was restored without paradoxical respiration and dyspnea., Conclusion: Depending on the cause, the size, and the location of defect, single or combination flaps could be used to repair soft tissue defect, and thoracic skeleton reconstruction should be performed when defect is severe by means of synthetic materials.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of pedicled iliac bone graft transposition for treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) after femoral neck fracture., Methods: Between June 2002 and December 2006, 22 cases (22 hips, 16 left hips and 6 right hips) of ANFH after femoral neck fracture were treated with iliac bone graft pedicled with ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessels. There were 18 males and 4 females with an age range from 28 to 48 years (mean, 37.5 years). The time from injury to internal fixation was 2-31 days, and all fractures healed within 12 months after internal fixation. The ANFH was diagnosed at 15-40 months (mean, 22 months) after internal fixation. The ANFH duration was 3-11 months (mean, 8 months). According to Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging system, 2 hips were classified as stage IIa, 3 hips as stage IIb, 3 hips as stage IIc, 3 hips as stage IIIa, 7 hips as stage IIIb, and 4 hips as stage IIIc. The preoperative Harris hip score (HHS) was 64.10 +/- 5.95., Results: All incisions healed by first intention and the patients had no complication of lung embolism, sciatic nerve injury, lower limb deep venous thrombosis, and numbness and pain of donor site. All patients were followed up 2.5 to 6.3 years (mean, 4.8 years). The fracture healing time was 8-12 months, and no femoral neck fracture recurred. The HHS was 90.20 +/- 5.35 at last follow-up, showing significant difference when compared with the preoperative value (t = -18.447, P = 0.000). The hip function were excellent in 11 hips, good in 10 hips, fair in 1 hip, and the excellent and good rate was 95.5%. Four hips were radiographically progressed in ARCO staging, 18 hips remained stable with a stable rate of 81.8%., Conclusion: Pedicled iliac bone graft transposition is an ideal option for treatment of ANFH after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture for the advantages of femoral head revascularization, sufficient cancellous bone supply, and relatively simple procedure.

Background and Objective: Atelectasis is a common complication after thoracotomy, and it may threaten patients' life if it was not treated correctly and properly. The aim of this article is to explore and discuss the prevention and treatment for atelectasis during the perioperative period, and also to explore new methods for reducing the perioperative mortality due to atelectasis after thoracotomy., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 374 lung cancer patients who underwent thoracotomy in our department between Jan 2007 and Nov 2009., Results: Atelectasis occurred in 14 patients among all the 374 lung cancer patients who underwent thoracotomy. All the atelectasis returned to reexpansion after treatment., Conclusion: The incidence of atelectasis in these series is relatively low compared with the reports in literatures. Good perioperative preparation and perioperative treatment can remarkably decrease the incidence and mortality of atelectasis after thoracotomy in the treatment of lung cancer.

The aim of our study was to analyse the antibiotic susceptibility of 31 probiotics strains, including 9 Bifidobacterium and 22 Lactobacillus used for the manufacture of various fermented foods in China. Probiotics are tested for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 24 kinds of antibiotics by broth dilution method on cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth with lysed horse blood. 31 strains of probiotics were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, imipenem, gentamicine, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, gatifloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and resistant to nalidixic acid, vancomycine, fosfomycin.