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Objective: To explore the therapeutic efficacy and prognostic factors of induction therapy for secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL)., Methods: Clinical data of patients diagnosed with SCNSL from 2010 to 2021 at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively collected. A retrospective cohort study was performed on all and grouped patients to analyze the efficacy and survival. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the adverse prognostic factors., Results: Thirty-seven diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with secondary central involvement were included in the research. Their 2-year overall survival (OS) rate was 46.01% and median survival time was 18.1 months. The 2-year OS rates of HD-MTX group and TMZ group were 34.3% and 61%, median survival time were 8.7 and 38.3 months, and median progression-free survival time were 8.1 and 47 months, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, IPI, Ann Arbor stage were correlated with patient survival time. The median survival time of patients with CD79B, KMT2D, CXCR4, ERBB2, TBL1XR1, BTG2, MYC, MYD88, and PIM1 mutations was 8.2 months, which was lower than the overall level., Conclusion: HD-MTX combined with TMZ as the first-line strategy may improve patient prognosis, and early application of gene sequencing is beneficial for evaluating prognosis.

Understanding the impacts of freeze-thaw action on soil microbial nutrient limitation can provide important support for sustainable utilization of black soil resources. We analyzed the impacts of freeze-thaw action on soil microbial nutrient limitation on a slope farmland located in a typical thick Mollisol region of Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province. We examined the responses of soil microbial nutrient limitation to soil erosion rates through measuring soil nutrient, soil microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activities before and after freeze-thaw under natural conditions, and estimated the soil erosion rates by 137 Cs tracing technology. The results showed that: 1) soil erosion rates of slope farmland ranged from 479.31 to 7802.33 t·km -2 ·a -1 , with an average value of 2751.02 t·km -2 ·a -1 . 2) Under freeze-thaw process, soil water-soluble organic nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of slope farmland significantly decreased by 27.9% and 37.3%, respectively. However, the freeze-thaw process did not affect soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), water-soluble organic carbon, soil available phosphorus, microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus. 3) Under freeze-thaw action, the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase, L-leucine aminopeptidase and β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase significantly decreased by 43.2%, 11.0%, and 25.5%, respectively. The results of the enzyme quantification vector model indicated that soil microorganisms were limited by carbon and phosphorus availability. The freeze-thaw action weakened the relative carbon limitation of soil microorganisms and strengthened the phosphorus limitation. 4) The structural equation model analysis indicated that freeze-thaw action had a direct positive effect on relative phosphorus limitation and a negative effect on relative carbon limitation in soil microorganisms. Soil erosion rates had a direct negative effect on relative carbon limitation of soil microorganisms. 5) Soil erosion rates had significantly negative influences on SOC and TN before and after freeze-thaw, TP after freeze-thaw, MBC after freeze-thaw, and vector length before freeze-thaw. Overall, freeze-thaw action reduced the activities of soil carbon and nitrogen acquisition enzymes and further changed the resource limitation of soil microorganisms. Our results could improve the understanding of the mechanisms regarding freeze-thaw action impact on the limitation of soil microbial resource in the Chinese Mollisol region and provide scientific support for nutrient management of slope farmland.

This study investigated the effect of Luoshi Neiyi Formula(LSNYF) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and steroidogenic factor 1(SF-1) in endometriosis(EMs), aiming to explore the mechanism of Luoshi Neiyi Formula in treating EMs. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR) were employed to determine the expression of HIF-1α and SF-1 in the endometriotic tissue. Human primary endometrial stromal cells(ESCs) were extracted and identified, in which the expression levels of HIF-1α and SF-1 were measured by immunofluorescence and qPCR. Cobalt chloride(CoCl_2) was used to simulate a low-oxygen environment in vitro, and the lentivirus with down-regulated expression of HIF-1α was constructed. The expression of HIF-1α or SF-1 was then determined by qPCR or Western blot. The effects of Luoshi Neiyi Formula-containing serum on the proliferation, migration, estradiol(E_2), HIF-1α, and SF-1 of ESCs in the low-oxygen environment were observed. Finally, the rat model of EMs with the syndrome of Qi stagnation and blood stasis was established by multi-factor intervention combined with autologous endometrium transplantation, and the effect of Luoshi Neiyi Formula on HIF-1α and SF-1 in the endometriotic tissue were studied. Compared with the normal endo-metrial tissue and ESCs, the endometriotic tissue and ectopic ESCs presented up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α and SF-1. Compared with the control group, treating eutopic ESCs with 50 μmol·L~(-1) CoCl_2 for 24 h promoted cell proliferation and up-regulated the mRNA level of HIF-1α and protein level of SF-1, while knocking down HIF-1α down-regulated the expression of SF-1 and E_2. Compared with the model group, the Luoshi Neiyi Formula-containing serum inhibited the proliferation and migration of ESCs and down-regulated the expression of E_2, HIF-1α, and SF-1. Similarly, the treatment with Luoshi Neiyi Formula attenuated the pathological injury of the endometriotic tissue and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α and SF-1 in the rat model of EMs. In summary, LSNYF may treat EMs by alleviating hypoxia and inhibiting the HIF-1α/SF-1 axis.

The large input of mulch film and organic fertilizer have led to increasingly serious microplastic pollution in farmland soil of China. In this study, the microplastic pollution of peanut farmland in Dezhou City, Shandong Province was investigated. The effects of different mulching years (0, 3, 5, and 8 years) and organic fertilizer application on the abundance, particle size, color, and shape of microplastics in farmland soil were analyzed. The results showed that the average abundances of microplastics in peanut soil were 65.33, 316.00, 1 098.67, and 1 346.34 n·kg -1 , respectively, after 0, 3, 5, and 8 years of film mulching. The abundance of microplastics decreased with the increase in soil depth. The abundance of microplastics in 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm topsoil was 1 076.00, 603.5, and 440.25 n·kg -1 , respectively, and the abundance of microplastics increased significantly with increasing years of film mulching and organic fertilizer application ( P <0.05). The particle size of microplastics in the sample plot <1 mm accounted for 77.30% of the total content, and with the increase in film mulching age, the proportion of microplastics with small particle size (<1 mm) increased significantly ( P < 0.05). With the increase in soil depth, the proportion of microplastics with small particle size also gradually increased, whereas the application of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on the particle size of microplastics. The color of microplastics in the plot was mainly transparent (49.77%), followed by black (16.35%) and white (16.27%). The planting age and organic fertilizer application had no significant effect on the color of microplastics in the soil ( P > 0.05), but the mulching age significantly increased the proportion of transparent microplastics. The abundance proportion of the five types of microplastics were 49.77%, 25.41%, 19.15%, 3.26%, and 2.41%, respectively. These field soil microplastics were mainly composed of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) polymers, accounting for 21.37%, 18.57%, and 19.77% of the total, respectively. Therefore, microplastics were widely present in the soil of the peanut field cultivated layer in Dezhou, Shandong, and the applications of mulch film and organic fertilizer were the main source. This study provides an important basis for the prevention and control of soil microplastic pollution in peanut fields.

Understanding the effects of upslope runoff and soil pipe collapse on slope water erosion can provide scien-tific basis for preventing Mollisol degradation caused by soil erosion. We conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of upslope inflow rate and soil pipe collapse on slope water erosion and to quantify the contribution of soil pipe erosion to slope soil erosion. The experiment included three inflow rates (30, 40, and 50 L·min -1 ) and three near-surface soil hydrological conditions (without soil pipe: NP; with soil pipe but no pipe flow: PF 0 ; with pipe flow: PF 1 ). The results showed that: 1) Slope soil erosion increased with increasing inflow rates; when the inflow rate increased from 30 L·min -1 to 40 and 50 L·min -1 , slope soil erosion increased by 100.0%-111.5% and 214.8%-289.2%, respectively. 2) The soil pipe occurrence and pipe flow formation aggravated the slope water erosion process. At inflow rates of 30, 40, and 50 L·min -1 , slope soil loss under the PF 0 and PF 1 treatments were 1.4-1.6 times and 1.7-2.1 times of that under the NP treatment. The contribution of soil pipe erosion to slope soil loss was 26.7%-37.6% under the PF 0 treatment and 40.5%-51.9% under the PF 1 treatment. 3) Soil pipe collapse intensified the rill erosion process. Compared with the NP treatment at 30, 40, and 50 L·min -1 inflow rate, rill erosion amounts under the PF 0 and PF 1 treatments increased by 38.1%-66.0% and by 93.7%-128.4%, respectively. Our results suggested that increasing upslope inflow rate resulted in higher surface runoff velocity, which promoted runoff detachment and transport capacity, and then aggrandized the amount of slope soil erosion. Moreover, soil pipe collapse exacerbated rill erosion process. When the soil pipe collapsed, all surface runoff was converted to soil pipe flow, which accelerated flow velocity and slope soil erosion process, and then increased the amount of slope soil erosion.

To reveal the characteristics and key impact factors of phytoplankton communities in different types of lakes, sampling surveys for phytoplankton and water quality parameters were conducted at 174 sampling sites in a total of 24 lakes covering urban, countryside, and ecological conservation areas of Wuhan in spring, summer, autumn, and winter 2018. The results showed that a total of 365 species of phytoplankton from nine phyla and 159 genera were identified in the three types of lakes. The main species were green algae, cyanobacteria, and diatoms, accounting for 55.34%, 15.89%, and 15.07% of the total number of species, respectively. The phytoplankton cell density varied from 3.60×10 6 -421.99×10 6 cell·L -1 , chlorophyll-a content varied from 15.60-240.50 μg·L -1 , biomass varied from 27.71-379.79 mg·L -1 , and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index varied from 0.29-2.86. In the three lake types, cell density, Chla, and biomass were lower in EL and UL, whereas the opposite was true for the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. NMDS and ANOSIM analysis showed differences in phytoplankton community structure (Stress=0.13, R =0.048, P =0.2298). In addition, the phytoplankton community structure of the three lake types had significant seasonal characteristics, with chlorophyll-a content and biomass being significantly higher in summer than in winter ( P <0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that phytoplankton biomass decreased with increasing N:P in UL and CL, whereas the opposite was true for EL. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that WT, pH, NO 3 - , EC, and N:P were the key factors that significantly affected the variability in phytoplankton community structure in the three types of lakes in Wuhan ( P <0.05).

In recent years, environmental DNA (eDNA) has been widely used in aquatic biodiversity monitoring, and how to establish a river ecological health assessment method based on eDNA has become a hot topic. This study was intended to develop a molecular diatom index based on eDNA to indicate the ecological health status of rivers under the influence of human activities. Firstly, the diatom community composition and structural changes in the Shaying River basin in spring and autumn were monitored through eDNA, and the driving environmental factors of the diatom community were diagnosed. Further, four strategies (OTU-taxonomy, OTU-free, ASV-taxonomy, and ASV-free) based on eDNA metabarcoding data were compared, and a molecular diatom index suitable for ecological health assessment in the Shaying River basin was constructed. The results showed that: ① there were seasonal differences in diatom community structure, and Discostella pseudostelligera, Nitzschia amphibia, Diatoma vulgaris , and other groups were the main factors to distinguish the seasonal differences. ② Mn, Fe, and TN were the main environmental factors affecting diatom community structure in spring, whereas COD and Cu were the main environmental factors affecting diatom community structure in autumn. ③ Among the four strategies, the diatom index calculated based on OTU-free data better reflected the environmental gradient change; the diatom index showed that the ecological health status of the Shaying River Basin was better in autumn than that in spring in time and better in the upstream than that in the downstream in space. In conclusion, this study monitored diatom community in Shaying River in spring and autumn through eDNA and constructed the molecular diatom index in the Shaying River basin, which promoted the application of eDNA to evaluate river ecological health.

To illustrate the effects of long-term straw returning on the fungal community, soil enzyme activity, and crop yield in a fluvo-aquic soil area typical of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, a 10-year field experiment (established in 2010) located in Dezhou City, Shandong province, was performed, including three fertilization regimes (NF, no fertilization control; NPK, fertilization with chemical N, P, and K fertilizers; NPKS, straw returning combined with chemical N, P, and K fertilizers). This study aimed to explore the regulation mechanisms of fungal communities on soil fertility, enzyme activities, and crop yield by employing co-occurrence network and structural equation model analyses. Our results showed that long-term straw returning significantly improved soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and wheat yield. Compared with the NPK and NF treatments, soil organic matter (SOM) increased by 9.20% and 34.75%, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) increased by 12.03% and 39.17%, dehydrogenase (DHA) increased by 37.21% and 50.91%, β -glucosidase ( β -GC) increased by 17.29% and 73.48%, and wheat production increased by 16.22% and 125.53%, respectively. Different long-term fertilization regimes did not significantly change soil fungal α -diversity but resulted in significant differences in β -diversity. Available phosphorus (AP), SOM, and AN were the main driving factors of fungal community differentiation based on redundancy analysis and hierarchical partitioning analysis. Different abundance analyses revealed significantly different fungal community compositions among fertilization regimes. The long-term NF treatment resulted in a significant enrichment of phosphate/potassium-solubilizing species (i.e., Mortierella, Aspergillus, Ceriporia , and Acremonium ) and symbiotic species (i.e., Leohumicola and Hyalodendriella ). The relative abundance of pathogenic fungi, namely Sarocladium, Fusarium, and Fusicolla, increased significantly in the NPK treatment. Long-term straw returning in the NPKS treatment significantly stimulated the growth of plant growth-promoting species (i.e., Pseudogymnoascus and Schizothecium ) and straw-degrading species (i.e., Trichocladium and Lobulomyces ). Co-occurrence network analysis showed that the fungal network was composed of four main modules; the cumulative relative abundance of module 2 was significantly increased under the NPKS treatment and showed a positive linear correlation with DHA and β -GC. The structural equation model further indicated that the wheat yield was mainly regulated by SOM, whereas species of module 2 could indirectly affect SOM and wheat yield by positively regulating DHA and β -GC. Taken together, long-term straw returning to the fluvo-aquic soil area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain could regulate fungal interspecific interactions, stimulate the growth of specific species groups, inhibit the activity of pathogens, increase the activity of soil enzymes, promote the accumulation of SOM, and achieve high crop yield.

Understanding the responses of soil enzyme activities to elevated CO 2 concentration and warming can provide a scientific basis for nutrient management of croplands under global climate change. We conducted a pot expe-riment with climate chamber to examine the effects of elevated CO 2 concentration and warming and winter wheat growth on soil enzyme activities. There were four climate scenarios: control (CK, 400 μmol·mol -1 CO 2 concentration+normal ambient temperature), and CO 2 concentration elevation (ECO 2 , 800 μmol·mol -1 CO 2 concentration+normal ambient temperature), elevated temperature (ET, 400 μmol·mol -1 + temperature increased 4 ℃), and elevated CO 2 concentration and temperature (ECO 2 +T, 800 μmol·mol -1 CO 2 concentration + temperature increased 4 ℃). We measured the activities of soil β-glucosidase (βG), β-N-acetyl glucosidase (NAG), alkaline phosphate (ALP) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) at four growth stages (JS, jointing stage; AS, anthesis stage; FS, filling stage and MS, maturity stage), with and without winter wheat planting. Without winter wheat planting, there was no significant difference in four kinds of soil enzyme activities between ECO 2 and CK, while ET and ECO 2 +T treatments had significant negative effect on soil enzyme activities. With winter wheat planting, compared with CK, ECO 2 and ECO 2 +T treatments did not affect the activities of those four soil enzyme; but the ET treatment had great impact on soil ALP and PPO activities. The activities of four kinds of soil enzyme were significantly diffe-rent between the ET and ECO 2 +T treatments. Compared with ET treatment, ECO 2 +T treatment increased soil βG activity at the JS, decreased NAG activity at the JS, increased ALP activity at both AS and FS, decreased PPO activity in the JS and increased in the AS. The interaction of elevated CO 2 concentration and warming had significant effect on soil NAG and ALP activities with and without winter wheat planting. The interaction of warming and expe-rimental stage had significant effect on four kinds of soil enzyme activities without winter wheat planting, but the interaction of warming and crop growth stage had significant effect on ALP and PPO activities with winter wheat planting. The interaction of elevated CO 2 concentration, warming and experimental period had significant effect on soil βG, ALP and PPO activities without winter wheat growth, while with winter wheat growth, it had significant impact on NAG, ALP and PPO activities. The winter wheat growth had significantly inhibitory effect on βG, NAG and ALP activities in the two early growth periods (JS+AS), significant promoting effect in the later growth periods (FS+MS), and significantly inhibitory effect on PPO activity during whole growth period. Overall, elevated CO 2 concentration did not affect soil enzyme activities, while the elevation of CO 2 concentration and temperature on soil enzyme activities differed among the soil enzymes at different growth stages. In addition, the responses of four soil enzyme activities to the interaction of elevated CO 2 concentration and warming varied with and without winter wheat planting.

Objective: To study the effect of gastrodin on oxidative stress and bone tissue around implants in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats (T2DM), so as to provide therapeutic basis for the problems of poor osseointegration and long repair period of implants in type 2 diabetic patients, to provide the basis for the development of new therapeutic drugs. Methods: Forty SD rats aged 5 weeks were divided into control group ( n =10) and model group ( n =30). The model group was fed with high glycolipid diet for 4 weeks and injected with 35 mg/kg streptozocin. The T2DM were divided into diabetic group ( n =10) and gastrodin group ( n =10). Pure screw titanium implants were placed in the metaphysis of both tibia. Rats in gastrodin group were given gastrodin 13.6 mg/kg everyday, while the control group and diabetic group were given the same dose of saline solution. Blood glucose was measured every two weeks after operation in all rats. After 4 and 8 weeks, the contents of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured to analyze the oxidative stress level in rats. The expression of anti-apoptosis protein [B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (bcl-2)]and apoptosis protein [bcl-2-associated X protein (bax)] was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. HE staining and micro-CT scanning were used to analyze the osseointegration around the implants. Results: The blood glucose of gastrodin [(12.98±2.53), (13.64±1.96), (14.58±3.40) and (12.84±2.82) mmol/L] were significantly lower than that of diabetic group [(20.97±2.27), (17.94±3.76), (23.66±2.90) and (21.22±2.67) mmol/L] at corresponding time point ( P <0.017). Four and 8 weeks following surgery, the MDA concentration in gastrodin group [(5.21±1.60) and (3.47±1.17) nmol/ml] was significantly lower than that in diabetic group [(11.42±5.11) and (7.31±1.37) nmol/ml] at the corresponding time points ( P <0.017), while SOD activity in gastrodin group [(42.89±6.00) and (53.12±9.73) U/ml] was significantly higher than those in diabetic group [(27.09±6.11) and (32.08±2.97) U/ml] at the corresponding time points ( P <0.017). Immunohistochemistry showed that the bcl-2 expression in gastrodin group was significantly higher than that in diabetic group at 4 and 8 weeks following surgery ( P <0.017), while the bax expression in gastrodin group was significantly lower than that in diabetic group ( P <0.017). Four weeks after surgery, the bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), connection density (Conn.D), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) in gastrodin group were significantly higher than those in diabetic group ( P <0.017). There was no significant difference in trabecular separation/spacing (Tb.sp) between gastrodin group and diabetic group ( P <0.017). Eight weeks after surgery, the BV/TV, Tb.N in gastrodin group were significantly higher than those in the diabetic group ( P <0.017). There was no significant difference in Conn.D between gastrodin group and diabetic group ( P <0.017). There was no significant difference in Tb.Th and Tb.sp in three groups ( P <0.017). The trabecular structure in gastrodin group was better than that in diabetic group by HE staining. Conclusions: Gastrodin can decrease blood glucose, improve oxidative stress, protect bone tissue from apoptosis and promote bone formation around implants in T2DM.

Objective: To study the distribution of nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) strains, clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity data of NTM infections so as to provide support for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by NTM infection in Sichuan., Methods: The clinical data of NTM infection cases treated at the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between July 2016 and July 2021 were collected and the characteristics of the infections were retrospectively reviewed., Results: There were differences in sex, age and underlying diseases among the NTM infection cases in Sichuan. Specifically, young and middle-aged men aged between 20 and 40 were susceptible to AIDS, older men aged over 60 were susceptible to lung diseases, and middle-aged and older women over 40 were susceptible to bronchiectasis. Respiratory tract was the main route of NTM infection. The dominant strain in Sichuan was M. chelonae / abscessus . The drug resistance rate of M. avium and M. chelonae / abscessus were relatively higher., Conclusion: For NTM infection patients with different demographic characteristics and underlying diseases, the NTM infection sites, strains, and drug resistance are also different. Definite etiological diagnosis is essential to the treatment of NTM infection. We should highlight the importance of adopting individualized treatment for different NTM infections., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of early gastric cancers after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. Methods: The clinical data of 26 cases of gastric cancer that were diagnosed after H. pylori eradication and 45 cases without H. pylori eradication in the 989 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army (the former 152 Hospital), Pingdingshan, China from 2013 to 2021 were collected. The histological, immunophenotypic and clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared, and discussed with review of the related literature. Results: Among the gastric cancer patients with H. pylori eradication, there were 20 males and 6 females with a median age of 65 years (range 53 to 77 years). The cancer involved the upper part of the stomach in 12 cases, the middle part of the stomach in 4 cases, and the lower part of the stomach in 10 cases. The median diameter of the tumors was 12 mm (range 4-29 mm). According to the Paris Classification, 4 cases were 0-Ⅱa, 4 cases were 0-Ⅱb, 18 cases were 0-Ⅱc. White light endoscopy showed that the lesions were reddish to yellowish. The lesion boundary was clear in 12 cases and was unclear or gastritis-like changes in 14 cases, while the irregular microvascular structure and microsurface structure, as well as the relatively visible spinous boundary, were visible under narrow-band imaging. There were 20 cases of well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, 4 cases of highly to moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and 2 cases of well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with papillary adenocarcinoma. Compared with gastric cancers without H. pylori eradication, gastric cancers diagnosed after H. pylori eradication was associated with lower nucleus-cytoplasm ratio (<50%), normal epithelial coverage on the cancer surface, mild atypical epithelial coverage on the cancer surface, elongation of non-cancerous glands in the cancer tissue and subepithelial progression of cancerous glands were higher ( P <0.05). The cellular immunophenotypes were gastric type in 6 cases, intestinal type in 4 cases and gastrointestinal mixed type in 16 cases. Conclusions: The early gastric cancers diagnosed after H. pylori eradication are more subtle clinically and mostly well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. The important morphological features of gastric cancer diagnosed after H. pylori eradication are decreased cytological atypia and overlying normal epithelium or mildly atypical epithelium of the cancer. Understanding and recognizing these morphological features are helpful to make correct endoscopic and pathological diagnoses.

Network Meta-analysis was performed to systematically compare the efficacy of different Chinese patent medicines for activating blood and resolving stasis in the treatment of endometriosis and to provide evidence-based references for clinical medication regimens. The relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) involving Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional treatment(experimental group) vs conventional treatment(control group) were retrieved from Chinese and English literature databases. The bias risk assessment tool recommended in Cochrane handbook 5.3 was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The result data of each outcome index was extracted for network Meta-analysis in Stata 15.0. A total of 44 RCTs were included in this study, involving 4 345 patients and 9 Chinese patent medicines. The network Meta-analysis revealed the following trends.(1)In terms of reducing the visual analogue scale(VAS) scores, Dan'e Fukang Plaster+conventional treatment&gt;Xuefu Zhuyu Capsules+conventional treatment&gt;Gongliuxiao Capsules+conventional treatment.(2)In terms of reducing cancer antigen CA125, Xiaojin Capsules+conventional treatment&gt;Shaofu Zhuyu Granules+conventional treatment&gt;Dan'e Fukang Plaster+conventional treatment.(3)In terms of reducing estradiol(E&#95;2), Gongliuxiao Capsules+conventional treatment&gt;Xiaojin Capsules+conventional treatment&gt;Sanjie Zhentong Capsules+conventional treatment.(4) In terms of reducing recurrence rate, Guizhi Fuling Capsules+conventional treatment&gt;Xuefu Zhuyu Capsules+conventional treatment&gt;Dan'e Fukang Plaster+conventional treatment. The peroral Chinese patent medicines for activating blood and resolving stasis combined with conventional treatment have better efficacy in the treatment of endometriosis than conventional treatment. However, considering the low quality of the included literature, large-scale high-quality clinical trials are needed in the future research.

Objectives: To study the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) injected through tail vein on the molecular expression levels of biomarkers of neural stem cells (NSC) and neurons in the hippocampus of wild-type adult rats, and the effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups based on the table of random numbers ( n= 6 in each group). In low-intensity group and high-intensity group, rats were injected intravenously through tail vein with 200 μl Pg ATCC33277 [1.0×10 3 and 1.0×10 8 colony forming unit (CFU), respectively] 3 times per week for 8 weeks. In the sham group, 200 μl of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was given instead. Behavioral tests: the navigation and the exploration tests using Morris water maze (MWM) were applied to evaluate learning and memory ability of rats. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect cells positively expressing nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of rats in each group. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression levels of nestin, DCX and NeuN in rat hippocampus. Results: Learning and memory abilities: on day 5 of navigation test, the lagency time was 22.83 (16.00, 38.34) s in the high-intensity group, significantly longer than the sham group [5.59 (5.41, 6.17) s] ( t= -11.17, P< 0.001). There were no significant differences between the low-intensity group [9.85 (8.75, 21.01) s] and the sham group ( t= -6.83, P= 0.080). Results in the exploration test showed that, in the high-intensity group, the number of fime crossing over the previous platform area within 60 s was 1.50 (1.00, 2.00), significantly less than the sham group [4.00 (2.75, 4.00)] ( t= 9.75, P= 0.003); no significant differences between the low-intensity group [2.50 (2.00, 3.00)] and the sham one ( t= 4.50, P= 0.382). Immunohistochemistry showed that the nestin + cell density in the low-intensity group [(35.36±4.32) cell/mm 2 ] and high-intensity group [(26.51±5.89) cell/mm 2 ] were significantly lower than the sham group [(59.58±14.15) cell/mm 2 ] ( t= 24.21, P= 0.018; t= 33.07, P= 0.005); as for the mean absorbance of DCX + cells, the low-intensity group (0.007±0.002) and the high-intensity group (0.006±0.002) were significantly lower than the sham group (0.011±0.001) ( t= 0.004, P= 0.018; t= 0.006, P= 0.005); compared with the sham group [(1.13±0.14)×10 3 cell/mm 2 ], the density of NeuN + neurons in the high-intensity group [(0.75±0.08)×10 3 cell/mm 2 ] was significantly reduced ( t= 0.38, P= 0.017), and was not significantly changed in the low-intensity group [(0.88±0.19)×10 3 cell/mm 2 ] ( t= 0.25, P= 0.075). Western blotting results showed that, compared with the sham group, the expression levels of nestin, DCX, and NeuN were significantly reduced in the high-intensity group ( t= 0.74, P< 0.001; t= 0.18, P= 0.014; t= 0.35, P= 0.008), but were not statistically changed in the low-intensity group ( t= 0.18, P= 0.108; t= 0.08, P= 0.172; t= 0.19, P= 0.077). Conclusions: Pg injected through tail vein may reduce learning and memory abilities of wild-type rats, and may reduce the number of nestin, DCX, and NeuN-positive cells, and the protein expression levels of the above molecules in the hippocampus.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the width ratios of maxillary anterior teeth, the width/height ratios of maxillary central incisor and the esthetic proportions among individual normal occlusion, and to provide reference for the esthetic design of anterior teeth. Methods: A total of 300 Shanxi Medical University students who were residents from Shanxi province with normal occlusion (110 males, 190 females, aged 18-30 years) were recruited in this study from October 2020 to March 2021. Standardized digital photographs of the maxillary anterior tooth in natural head position were obtained, the perceived width of the maxillary anterior teeth (maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines) on the left and right sides and height of maxillary central incisor were measured on the standardized digital photographs, then the width ratios of adjacent maxillary anterior teeth including the lateral incisor/central incisor width ratio (LI∶CI), the canine/lateral incisor width ratio (C∶LI), and the width/height ratios (W/H ratio) of the maxillary central incisor were calculated. The independent sample t test was used to compare the sex differences of each measurement project, Single sample t test was used to compare the difference of adjacent maxillary anterior teeth width ratios with golden proportion (0.618 and 0.618), Preston proportion (0.66 and 0.84), the recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion (0.70 and 0.70). The percentage of anterior tooth width/intercanine width was calculated, the number and proportion of teeth conforming to golden percentage (25%, 15%, 10%)±1% or modified golden percentage (22.5%, 15.0%, 12.5%)±1% were calculated. The number and proportion of width/height ratio of maxillary central incisor ranged from 0.75 to 0.85 was counted. Results: The widths of maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor and canine were (8.50±0.52), (6.23±0.53) and (5.18±0.55) mm, respectively, the corresponding tooth of male [(8.74±0.49), (6.37±0.52), (5.41±0.47) mm] was significantly higher than that of female [(8.37±0.50), (6.15±0.52), (5.04±0.54) mm] ( t =6.40, 3.55, 6.23, P <0.05). The width ratio of maxillary lateral incisor/central incisor was 0.73±0.05, and there was no significant difference between genders ( t =-1.06, P >0.05). The width ratio of canine/lateral incisor was 0.84±0.10, and it was significantly higher in male (0.85±0.10) than in female (0.82±0.10) ( t =2.42, P <0.05). Two width ratios of maxillary anterior teeth were significantly different from golden proportion and the RED proportion ( t =38.50, 35.74, 11.48, 22.20, P <0.05). The lateral incisor/central incisor was significantly different from that of Preston proportion ( t =24.66, P <0.05), while the canine/lateral incisor was not significantly different from that of Preston proportion ( t =-0.92, P >0.05). In this study, a total of 0% (0/600) of central incisors, 63.0% (378/600) of lateral incisors and 5.8% (35/600) of canines met the golden percentage±1%. There were 42.8% (257/600) of central incisors, 63.0% (378/600) of lateral incisors and 56.7% (340/600) of canines met the modified golden percentage±1%. The width/height ratio of maxillary central incisors was 0.86±0.08, and there was no significant difference between genders ( t =-0.88, P >0.05). Only 36.3% (218/600) of the subjects in this study ranged from 0.75 to 0.85. Conclusions: Gender differences should be considered in the esthetic design of anterior teeth; for the width ratios of maxillary anterior teeth, the golden proportion, the RED proportion and golden percentage do not accord with the natural tooth morphological characteristics of Shanxi nationality college students in normal occlusion. Preston proportion and modified golden percentage are of more reference value. The width/height ratio of maxillary central incisors is different from 0.75-0.85.

Revealing the responses of soil microbial community to soil erosion can provide guidance for agricultural ecosystem management. We investigated the impacts of soil erosion intensity on soil microbial quantity at the Binzhou River Basin, a typical thin layer Mollisol area in Bin County of Heilongjiang Province, using 137 Cs tracer. The results showed that there were seasonal variations in soil microbial quantity. The abundance of soil microbes in summer was considerably higher than that in autumn. Bacteria was more sensitive to seasonal variation than fungi and actinomycetes, which was increased by 1.4-2.6 times and 1.4-2.2 times in summer compared with autumn in different parts of slope and watershed, respectively. The spatial variation of soil erosion intensity had an important effect on the spatial distribution of soil microbial community. The highest proportion of bacteria was found at lower deposition area of slope (84.4%) and at the lightly eroded area of the downstream (85.4%). The numbers of soil microbes, soil bacteria and actinomycetes were negative linearly correlated with soil erosion modulus, with correlation coefficients of -0.595, -0.554 and -0.291, respectively. Soil erosion and deposition induced spatial differences in soil physical and chemical properties, with consequences on spatial distribution of soil microbial community.

Objectives: To study the value of heparin-binding protein (HBP) in the diagnosis of severe infection in children., Methods: This study was a prospective observational study. The medical data of children who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit due to infection from January 2019 to January 2020 were collected. According to the diagnostic criteria for severe sepsis and sepsis, the children were divided into a severe sepsis group with 49 children, a sepsis group with 82 children, and a non-severe infection group with 33 children. The three groups were compared in terms of related biomarkers such as plasma HBP, serum C-reactive protein, serum procalcitonin, and platelet count. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to investigate the value of plasma HBP level in the diagnosis of severe infection (including severe sepsis and sepsis)., Results: The severe sepsis and sepsis groups had a significantly higher plasma HBP level on admission than the non-severe infection group ( P <0.05). Compared with the sepsis and non-severe groups, the severe sepsis group had significantly higher serum levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin and a significantly lower platelet count ( P <0.05). Plasma HBP level had an area under the ROC curve of 0.590 in determining severe infection, with a sensitivity of 38.0% and a specificity of 82.4% ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: There is an increase in plasma HBP level in children with severe infection, and plasma HBP level has a lower sensitivity but a higher specificity in the diagnosis of severe infection and can thus be used as one of the markers for the judgment of severe infection in children.

Snowmelt erosion is an important way of soil loss in Chinese Mollisol region. However, little is known about the effects of seepage flow and soil thaw depth on hillslope snowmelt runoff erosion. An indoor simulated experiment was conducted to analyze the impacts of seepage flow and soil thaw depth on hillslope snowmelt erosion. There were two snowmelt flow rates (1 and 4 L·min -1 ), two soil thaw depths (5 and 10 cm), and two near-surface hydrological conditions (with and without seepage flow). The results showed that hillslope runoff depth and soil erosion amount in the treatment with seepage flow were 1.1 to 1.2 times and 1.3 to 1.9 times of those in the treatment without seepage flow, respectively. Under two snowmelt flow rates, when soil thaw depth increased from 5 cm to 10 cm, hillslope runoff depth and soil erosion amount increased by 10.0% to 13.5% and 15.4% to 37.1% in the treatment without seepage flow, respectively. In the treatment with seepage flow, when soil thaw depth shifted from 5 cm to 10 cm, hillslope runoff depth increased by 6.5% to 8.5%, and soil erosion amount remained stable. Moreover, hillslope rill development was comprehensively influenced by seepage flow, soil thaw depth, and snowmelt flow rate, with rill erosion amount occupying more than 72% of hillslope snowmelt erosion amount. Compared with the treatment without seepage flow, flow velocity and shear stress under the treatment with seepage flow increased by 20.3% to 23.2% and 37.0% to 51.3%, respectively; but Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient reduced by 9.0% to 21.4%, which caused an increase of hillslope snowmelt erosion. In addition, seepage flow enhanced rill development, which caused rill erosion amount to increase by 43.6% to 69.9% compared with the treatment without seepage flow, and it further resulted in the increase of hillslope snowmelt erosion amount. The main reason for soil thaw depth enhancing hillslope snowmelt erosion amount under the treatment without seepage flow was that both sloping runoff erosivity and erodible materials increased with increasing soil thaw depth. Furthermore, soil thaw depth had a significant impact on hillslope rill morphology development under the treatment with seepage flow. Rill widening process was dominated when soil thaw depth was 5 cm, whereas rill incision process was dominant when soil thaw depth was 10 cm. This study could improve the understanding of hillslope snowmelt erosion mechanism in Chinese Mollisol region and provide theoretical guidance for the development of water erosion model.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of high dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), temozolomide (TMZ), and rituximab (R) in the treatment of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)., Methods: Clinical data of patients with PCNSL diagnosed and treated in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from February 2010 to May 2017 were collected. First, patients were given 6-8 cycles of MTX (3.5 g/m 2 ) for induction treatment, and then 12 cycles of TMZ (150 mg/m 2 ) for maintenance treatment. The day before induction treatment, patients were given rituximab 375 mg/m 2 according to their economic status. A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients receiving HD-MTX+TMZ or HD-MTX+TMZ+R to analyze the efficacy and survival., Results: There were 42 patients enrolled in the study, 17 cases in HD-MTX+TMZ group and 25 cases in HD-MTX+TMZ+R group. The median PFS and OS times in HD-MTX+TMZ+R group were 56.7 months and N/A, respectively, while, 7.3 months and 34.7 months in HD-MTX+TMZ group, respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference in median survival between patients who received TMZ maintenance therapy and those who were only actively monitored. During the induction period, all the patients had grade 1-2 nausea and vomiting, while in the consolidation treatment period, no grade 3/4 toxicity was observed., Conclusion: The combination of HD-MTX+TMZ+R in the treatment of PCNSL patients shows a definite short-term effect, which can increase the survival rate of the patients. The side effects are mild, and the patients can generally tolerate.

A high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) method was established for the fast,and precise determination of ten nucleosides in Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and its counterfeits. Then multivariate statistical analyses,such as clustering analysis,principal component analysis( PCA),and Fisher&apos; s linear discriminant analysis( LDA),were conducted to establish a discriminant function model for an integrated analysis. The results indicated that data acquisition time of a single sample was shortened within 16 min by the HPLC method. In the range of 5-1 000 mg·kg~(-1),the mass concentrations of all nucleosides exhibited good linear relationships with the corresponding peak areas( R2&gt; 0. 999). The spiked recoveries were in the range of 93. 83%-108. 9% with RSDs of0. 12%-1. 3%( n = 5). The limit of quantitation( LOQ) was 0. 98-4. 13 mg·kg~(-1). As revealed by the clustering analysis,Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and the counterfeits could be discriminated into two clusters based on the content of nucleosides. Fisher&apos;s LDA could achieve this discrimination,while PCA dimension reduction failed. The accuracy of the discriminant function model established on the screened characteristic indicators reached 97. 5%. The present study proposed a new identification method of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus with one-dimensional indicators,which is simple,accurate,and reliable. It can provide a scientific basis for further optimizing the identification techniques for Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and inspiration for quality control strategy development of Chinese medicinal materials.

Objective: To study the different methods of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted Ki-67 scoring of clinical invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast and to compare the results., Methods: A total of 100 diagnosed IDC cases were collected, including slides of HE staining and immunohistochemical Ki-67 staining and diagnosis results. The slides were scanned and turned into whole slide image (WSI), which were then scored with AI. There were two AI scoring methods. One was fully automatic counting by AI, which used the scoring system of Ki-67 automatic diagnosis to do counting with the whole image of WSI. The second method was semi-automatic AI counting, which required manual selection of areas for counting, and then relied on an intelligent microscope to conduct automatic counting. The diagnostic results of pathologists were taken as the results of pure manual counting. Then the Ki-67 scores obtained by manual counting, semi-automatic AI counting and automatic AI counting were pairwise compared. The Ki-67 scores obtained from the manual counting (pathological diagnosis results), semi-automatic AI and automatic AI counts were pair-wise compared and classified according to three levels of difference: difference ≤10%, difference of >10%-<30% and difference ≥30%. Intra-class correlation coefficient ( ICC ) was used to evaluate the correlation., Results: The automatic AI counting of Ki-67 takes 5-8 minutes per case, the semi-automatic AI counting takes 2-3 minutes per case, and the manual counting takes 1-3 minutes per case. When results of the two AI counting methods were compared, the difference in Ki-67 scores was all within 10% (100% of the total), and the ICC index being 0.992. The difference between manual counting and semi-automatic AI was less than 10% in 60 cases (60% of the total), between 10% and 30% in 37 cases (37% of the total), and more than 30% in only 3 cases (3% of the total), ICC index being 0.724. When comparing automatic AI with manual counting, 78 cases (78% of the total) had a difference of ≤10%, 17 cases (17% of the total) had a difference of between 10% and 30%, and 5 cases (5%) had a difference of ≥30%, the ICC index being 0.720. The ICC values showed that there was little difference between the results of the two AI counting methods, indicating good repeatability, but the repeatability between AI counting and manual counting was not particularly ideal., Conclusion: AI automatic counting has the advantage of requiring less manpower, for the pathologist is involved only for the verification of the diagnosis results at the end. However, the semi-automatic method is better suited to the diagnostic habits of pathologists and has a shorter turn-over time compared with that of the fully automatic AI counting method. Furthermore, in spite of its higher repeatability, AI counting, cannot serve as a full substitute for pathologists, but should instead be viewed as a powerful auxiliary tool., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between age, sex, length of upper lip and the exposure of maxillary central incisor. Methods: A total of 304 participants in normal occlusion (154 males, 150 females, aged 18-49 years) were recruited in this study from patients, visited the Medical Examination Center, Affiliated People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University from January 2019 to August 2020. Participants were divided into 18-29 years old group (104, 53 males, 51 females), 30-39 years old group (110, 56 males, 54 females) and 40-49 years old group (90, 45 males, 45 females). Facial photography was used to record the facial state during the mandibular postural position, "che" pronunciation position and posed smile. The upper lip length, upper lip thickness and the exposure of maxillary central incisor were measured by ImageJ. The differences of measurement items in each group and the gender differences of each measurement item were analyzed. The length of upper lip and the exposure of upper central incisor in the mandibular postural position were analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results: In the mandibular postural position, the length of upper lip was (21.9±2.2), (22.5±2.5) and (23.1±2.2) mm in the 18-29 years old, 30-39 years old and 40-49 years old groups, and the length of upper lip in the 40-49 years old group was significantly larger than that in the 18-29 years old group ( P <0.05). The exposure of upper central incisor in the 40-49 years old group during the mandibular postural position, "che" pronunciation position and posed smile [(1.4±1.2), (4.7±2.4), (7.7±2.4) mm, respectively] were significantly lower than those in the 18-29 years old group [(2.3±1.4), (5.5±2.2) and (8.8±2.0) mm] ( P <0.05). The exposure of upper central incisor in the 30-39 years old group during the mandibular postural position and posed smile [(1.8±1.4), (8.2±2.0) mm, respectively] was significantly lower than those in the 18-29 years old group ( P <0.05). With the increase of age, the exposure of upper central incisor decreased gradually. In the same group, the exposure of upper central incisor in the female during the mandibular postural position and "che" pronunciation position (except 40 to 49 years old group) were significantly larger than those in the male ( P <0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between the sexes in the posed smile ( P >0.05). There was a significant linear correlation between the exposure of upper central incisor and the length of upper lip at the mandibular postural position in normal occlusion aged 18-49 ( r =-0.325, P <0.01). Conclusions: Gender factor should be considered in the esthetic design of anterior teeth. The exposure of anterior teeth in the mandibular postural position and "che" pronunciation position is more valuable than that in the posed smile. The length of upper lip in normal occlusion aged 40-49 was significantly shorter than that aged 18-29, and the exposure of upper central incisors was significantly reduced.

Different land uses have different impacts on the water quality of the region. Multiple isotopes ( δ D-H 2 O, δ 18 O-H 2 O, δ 15 N-NO 3 - , and δ 18 O-NO 3 - ) and the SIAR (stable isotope analysis in R) model were applied to identify the nitrate sources and estimate the proportional contributions of multiple nitrate sources in a river in a typical urban area (the Grand Canal, Hangzhou) and a river in a typical forest and agricultural area (Yuying Riveri). The results indicated that there were different degrees of nitrogen pollution in the Grand Canal and Yuying River; NO 3 - -N and NH 4 + -N are the predominant forms of nitrogen in the Grand Canal, and the primary form of nitrogen in Yuying River was NO 3 - -N. There was an obvious linear relationship between the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes ( R 2 =0.78). The δ D-H 2 O and δ 18 O-H 2 O values for the Grand Canal and Yuying River were distributed along the local meteoric waterline, indicating that precipitation served as the primary water source in these rivers. All of the δ 18 O-NO 3 - values of the Grand Canal and Yuying River were lower than 15 ‰. It was revealed that nitrification, rather than denitrification, was the primary N cycling process in the two rivers. The δ 15 N-NO 3 - / δ 18 O-NO 3 - ratios of some of the samples from the Grand Canal ranged from 1.3 to 2.1, accompanied by low concentrations of DO and NO 2 - , indicating that denitrification existed in some sections of the Grand Canal. The δ 15 N-NO 3 - values of the samples from the Grand Canal (average:6.1‰) were higher than those from the Yuying River (average:2.3‰). The NO 3 - source contributions differed significantly between the Grand Canal and Yuying River. The contributions of NO 3 - sources in the Grand Canal were sewage/manure (37.0%) > soil nitrogen (35.7%) > chemical fertilizer (19.1%) > precipitation (8.2%), and those in the Yuying River were chemical fertilizer (46.1%) > soil nitrogen (22.8%) > precipitation (17.3%) > sewage/manure (13.8%). The contribution of the sewage/manure was substantially increased in the Grand Canal in the urban area with stronger human activities primarily due to the sporadic discharge of domestic sewage and urban runoff. Chemical fertilizer is the main NO 3 - source in the Yuying River near the forest and agricultural area, suggesting that the nitrogen pollution caused by agricultural non-point sources was extremely serious. The contribution of precipitation decreased in the areas of substantial human activities. The isotopic fractionation produced by denitrification was affected by the contributions of the NO 3 - sources, which were calculated by SIAR model. Sewage/manure and chemical fertilizer produced significant impacts, followed by soil nitrogen and precipitation.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of intestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)., Methods: The clinical features, pathological morphology, immunophenotype, and EBER in situ hybridization of 136 DLBCL patients diagnosed in Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January 2007 to October 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 136 DLBCL samples were obtained, the DLBCL sites were categorized as: duodenum (n=23), ileocecal region (n=63), other small intestine (n=29), rectum (n=7), and other large intestine (n=14). Survival curves for the DLBCL patients were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and judged by the Log-rank test., Results: Patients with DLBCL of the ileocecal region and other small intestine except duodenum were mainly male (P=0.042), and had a higher proportion of limited-stage tumors(P=0.015), and lower International Prognostic Index (IPI) (P=0.001). Patients with DLBCL of ileocecal region had higher incidence of lactate dehydrogenase elevation (P=0.007), and higher incidence of intestinal obstruction or perforation (P<0.001) than those with DLBCL of other regions. The 5-year overall survival and 5-year progression-free survival of patients with DLBCL in ileocecal and other small intestine sites were higher than those in other sites, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.135, 0.459). Fifty percent of intestinal DLBCL were germinal center B cell-like (GCB) subtypes. A low-grade B-cell lymphoma was found in 21% of 136 tumor samples. In ileocecal and other small intestinal specimens, the proportion of low-grade B-cell lymphoma was 29%, and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.025). About 16% of 136 DLBCL samples expressed follicular lymphoma while no mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma . The Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA-1 (EBER1) positive rate of duodenal DLBCL was significantly higher than that of other sites (5/23, 22% vs 2/63, 3%, P=0.001)., Conclusion: The intestinal DLBCL is commonly observed in male, and ileocecal is the most primary site. Patients with DLBCL of the ileocecal region and small intestine except duodenum have low IPI, high proportion of limited-stage tumors, low level of lactate dehydrogenase, high incidence of intestinal obstruction or perforation, and low incidence of inert lymphoma. The EBER1 positive rate of DLBCL in duodenal is higher.

Objective: To assess the impact of early relapse (ER) after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplan-tation (AHSCT) on overall survival (OS) for multiple myeloma (MM) patients., Methods: Clinical data of 37 patients with MM undergoing AHSCT in department of hematology of Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The effect of ER on OS of patients was analyzed. The effects of international staging system (ISS) staging, cytogenetics, pre-transplant efficacy, minimal residual disease, and age on OS of the patients were also analyzed respectively., Results: Among the 37 patients, 13 cases (35.1%) had ER, and 24 cases (64.9%) had non-ER. 3 patients with ER had extramedullary disease, but none with non-ER showed extramedullary disease. More than or equal to very good partial rate (VGPR) in patients with ER and without ER were 3 cases (23.1%) and 15 cases (62.5%), respectively, and the curative effect of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter (P<0.05). The median follow-up time was 31 (12-96) months, and median OS time was 93 months in all the patients. The median survival time of patients with ER was 17 months, and the median progression free survival was 7 months, both were significantly shorter than 93 months and 38 months of patients with non-ER (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the OS was affected by ER, cytogenetic abnormalities (FISH), and ≥VGPR before transplantation. Multivariate analysis showed that ER was an independent prognostic factor., Conclusion: The prognosis of patients with ER after AHSCT in newly diagnosed MM is poor. ER is an independent prognostic factor of survival.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding provides a fast and efficient way to obtain biodiversity information that has been widely used in aquatic biodiversity monitoring and assessment. To facilitate the application of eDNA metabarcoding in China, the accuracy of metabarcoding data needs to be further assessed. Here, the eukaryotic phytoplankton in Dianchi Lake and the northern portion of Fuxian Lake were examined. The effect of sequencing depth on species diversity was also explored, and accuracy was evaluated by comparing the taxon overlap and coefficient of variation (CV) of the α diversity index among biological replicates. The results showed that:① Sequencing depth significantly affected the taxon number and accuracy of alpha diversity determinations. The suggested sequencing depth for metabarcoding of eukaryotic phytoplankton in Dianchi Lake and Fuxian Lake is at least 30000. ② The OTU overlap was 45.97%±1.67% among three biological replicates, the genera overlap was 64.21%±3.25%, and the CV of alpha diversity was less than 10%. ③ Seventy-five and 90 genera of eukaryotic algae were identified in Dianchi Lake and Fuxian Lake, respectively, covering 62.5% and 71.05% of the morphologically detected species, respectively. ④ There was no significant variation in the diversity of eukaryotic algae with depth in Dianchi Lake, while diversity showed significant vertical patterns in Fuxian Lake. Overall, eukaryotic algal diversity was significantly lower in Dianchi Lake compared to Fuxian Lake, and diversity in the southern portion of Dianchi Lake was significantly higher than that in the central and northern portions ( P <0.05). Our study demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of using eDNA-based techniques to monitor eukaryotic phytoplankton diversity, which supports the widespread application of eDNA metabarcoding in China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV20) and Shuigou (GV26) points in the treatment of brain injury in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE)., Methods: A total of 70 patients with SAE were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 35 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were given routine western medicine treatment, including anti-infective therapy, nerve nutrition, and mechanical ventilation, and those in the treatment group were given electroacupuncture at GV20 and GV26 in addition to the treatment in the control group. The course of treatment was 1 week for both groups. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured for both groups, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale was used to assess the change in cognitive function, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was determined before and after treatment and was used to evaluate treatment outcome after treatment., Results: Both groups had significant reductions in the serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and NSE after 24 h and one week of treatment ( P <0.05), and compared with the control group, the treatment group had significant reductions in the levels of CRP, IL-6 and NSE after treatment ( P <0.05). The treatment group had significant increases in the total score of MoCA and the scores of all dimensions except attention after one week of treatment ( P <0.05), and the treatment group had significantly higher scores than the control group after treatment ( P <0.05). Both groups had a significant increase in GCS score after one week of treatment ( P <0.05), and the treatment group had a significantly higher GCS score than the control group after treatment ( P <0.05). The treatment group had a significantly higher total effective rate than the control group ［88.6% (31/35) vs 57.1% (20/35), P <0.05］., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at GV20 and GV26 can effectively improve brain injury and effective rate in SAE patients.

Objective: To investigate the the feasibility and diagnostic efficiencyvalue of different screening indexesmethods for screening primary aldosteronism (PA)., Methods: The clinical data of 499 patients with PA and 479 patients with essential hypertension diagnosed from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic performance of different screening indexs was compared by plotting receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC)., Results: The area under the ROC curve ( AUC ) of the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) to plasma renin activity (PRA) ratio (ARR) was greater than that of the ratio of the upright PAC to the angiotensin Ⅱ (AT-Ⅱ) (AA2R), upright PRA, upright PAC, supine ARR, and lowest blood potassium ( P <0.05). The AUC of logistic regression model was greater than that of upright ARR (96.3% vs. 94.6%, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in AUC between decision tree model and upright ARR (94.1% vs. 94.6%, P >0.05). In the test set, the AUC difference between the logistic regression model and the decision tree model was not statistically significant (96.3% vs. 94.1%, P > 0.05). The calibration curve of the logistic regression model is closer to the 45 ° line, and the consistency between the prediction probability and the actual probability of the logistic regression model is better than that of the decision tree model., Conclusion: For the screening of PA, upright ARR seems to be the best single screening index, while AA2R (radioimmunoassay) is not recommended. The diagnostic efficacy of logistic regression model including upright PAC, PRA and lowest blood potassium is better than that of single upright ARR., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Objective: To assess the staging, restaging, and treatment strategy determination of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKT) by PET/CT real body (true whole-body, TWB) imaging, which is superior to PET/CT limitation of the whole body (limited whole-body, LWB, from skull vertex to upper thighs) by adding 'distal lower extremity' images., Methods: TWB 18 F-FDG PET/CT studies performed for staging and follow-up of ENKTL patients between January 2012 and September 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients in staging group received TWB PET/CT evaluation for staging at the first diagnosis. In follow-up group, patients received follow-up evalution with TWB PET/CT and progressive disease (PD) in the LWB range with or without clinical diagnosis or suspicion before follow-up examination, and then divided into four subgroups: staging (+) PD (－), staging (+) PD (+), staging (－) PD (－), staging (－) PD (+). Then the percentage of unexpected ENKTL lesions found at the distal extremity (outside the LWB range) (P1), and the percentage of changes in the staging, restaging/outcome evaluation (P2) in each group were recorded., Results: Among the 225 patients in the staging group, 200 (88.9%) had tumors confined to LWB, while P1 was 11.1% (25 cases) and P2 was 0.4% (1 case). In the follow-up group, the P1 in staging (+) PD (－)( n =85), staging (+) PD (+)( n =4), staging (－) PD (－)( n =43), staging (－) PD (+) goups ( n =15) were 1.2%, 75.0%, 0%, 26.7%, and P2 were 1.2%, 0%, 0%, 13.3%, respectively. In the follow-up group, regardless of whether the TWB PET/CT examination was performed at the initial diagnosis stage, P1 in PD (－) group and PD (+) group was 0.8 vs. 36.8% ( P <0.000 1), and P2 was 0.8% vs. 10.5% ( P <0.000 1)., Conclusion: It is not recommended that the TWB PET/CT imaging from the top of the head to the bottom of the foot use for the first diagnosis of ENKTL patients. And for follow-up patients with no clinical evidence of tumor progression or with evidence of tumor progression but whose lesions were limited to LWB at the initial diagnosis of TWB PET/CT staging, LWB PET/CT from the top of the head to the middle of the thigh is recommended for routine follow-up. For ENKTL patients, TWB PET/CT was not performed at the initial stage of diagnosis to detect the condition of lower limbs. If the evidence of tumor progression in the LWB range appeared before the follow-up examination, TWB PET/CT was recommended for the follow-up evaluation to evaluate the systemic tumor involvement., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Lanosterol synthase( LS) is a key enzyme involving in the mevalonate pathway( MVA pathway) to produce lanosterol,which is a precursor of ganoderma triterpenoid. And the transcriptional regulation of LS gene directly affects the content of triterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum. In order to study the transcriptional regulation mechanism of LS gene,yeast one-hybrid technique was used to screen the transcription regulators which interact withthe promoter of LS. The bait vector was constructed by LS promoter,then the vector was transformed yeast cells to construct bait yeast strain. One-hybrid c DNA library was constructed via SMART technology. Then the c DNA and p GADT7-Rec vector were co-transformed into the bait yeast strain to screen the upstream regulatory factors of the promoter region of LS by homologous recombination. Total of 23 positive clones were screened. After sequencing,blast was performed against the whole-genome sequence of G. lucidum. As a result,8 regulatory factors were screened out including the transcription initiation TFIIB,the alpha/beta hydrolase super family,ALDH-SF superfamily,60 S ribosomal protein L21,ATP synthase β-subunit,microtubule associated protein Cript,prote asome subunit β-1,and transaldolase. Until now,the regulation effect of these 8 regulatory factors in G.lucidum has not been reported. This study provides candidate proteins for in-depth study on the expression regulation of LS.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and Safety of R-CDOP regimen for treatment of newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with adverse prognostic factors., Methods: The clinical data of 94 patients who suffered from DLBCL and received treatment with R-CDOP regimen, from October 2013 to February 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The clinical efficacy, survival benifits and safety, as well as the OS and PFS were compared according to clinical features., Results: After treatment of 94 cases with R-CDOP regimen, 73 cases reachived CR, 14 cases reachived PR, 2 cases were in SD and 4 cases were in PD, the ORR was 92.55% (87/94). The OS rate and PFS rate in followed-up 1 year were 94.68%（89/94） and 85.11%（80/94） separately, However, the median OS and PFS were not reached. There was no significant difference in the followed-up cumulative OS rate and PFS rate between patients with different Age, Ann-Arbor stage, IPI score, number of extranodal tumors, tumor diameter, expression of Ki-67 and LDH level and tissue involvement status（P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in the 1 years PFS rate and OS rate between patients with number of extranodal tumors for 0-1 and ≥2（P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in the 1 years PFS rate and OS rate between patients with tumor diameter for <7.5 cm and ≥7.5 cm（P>0.05）., Conclusion: The R-CDOP regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with poor prognostic factors can efficiently improve the early clinical efficacy, prolong the survival time and possess good safety, but the clinical prognosis for long-term remains to be observed.

Microplastics (MPs, plastic fibers, debris, or particles that are generally smaller than 5 mm in diameter) can serve as carriers for hazardous substances, which are ingested by organisms in the ocean and can affect their growth and metabolism. Moreover, MPs will spread with ocean currents, and MP pollution has become a global problem. In this study, the MP abundance distribution of four typical beaches near the coast of Qingdao was studied by the combination of ordinary microscope and fluorescence microscope methods. In addition, the distribution of MPs collected from various beaches in different particle size ranges, shapes, and chemical compositions was discussed. Abundances on the sea surface varied between 5.05×10 3 particles·m -3 and 1.25×10 4 particles·m -3 , and the concentration of MPs in sand varied between 1.91×10 3 particles·m -2 and 4.35×10 3 particles·m -2 , with no significant differences detected among the four beaches examined. The results show the pervasiveness of MP pollution in coastal environments of Qingdao. The size of particles found in this study ranged from 5 mm to 50 μm, and increases in abundance were detected with the decreasing particle size. Polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 96% polystyrene+4% butadiene copolymer (SB), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), and polyamide (PA) were present in seawater in coastal environments of Qingdao, and compared with the seawater samples, no PA or PMA were found in sand. Research results indicated that fiber was dominant in seawater and sand. MPs in the sand were similar to those in seawater in terms of the particle size, shape, and composition, thus indicating that the seawater and sand of the bathing beaches in Qingdao may have the same pollution sources, e. g., the packaging industry, clothing textile industry, and tourism. This paper studies the distribution and sources of MPs in the bathing beaches of Qingdao, and it provides basic data for research and supervision of environmental MP pollution in Chinese coastal zones.

Objective: To verify the effect of the mutant gene vps4b on the expression of tooth development-related proteins, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and collagenⅠ (COL-Ⅰ)., Methods: Paraffin tissue sections of the first molar tooth germ were obtained from the heads of fetal mice at the embryonic stages of 13.5, 14.5, and 16.5 days and from the mandibles of larvae aged 2.5 and 7 days after birth. The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression and location of DSPP and COL-Ⅰ in wild-type mouse and vps4b knockout mouse., Results: DSPP and COL-Ⅰ were not found in the bud and cap stages of wild-type mouse molar germ. In the bell stage, DSPP was positively expressed in the inner enamel epithelium and dental papilla, whereas COL-Ⅰ was strongly expressed in the dental papilla and dental follicle. During the secretory and mineralized periods, DSPP and COL-Ⅰ were intensely observed in ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and dental follicles, but COL-Ⅰ was also expressed in the dental papilla. After vps4b gene knockout, DSPP was not expressed in the dental papilla of the bell stage and in the dental papilla and dental follicle of the secretory phase. The expression position of COL-Ⅰ in the bell and mineralization phase was consistent with that in the wild-type mice. Moreover, the expression of COL-Ⅰ in the dental papilla changed in the secretory stage., Conclusions: Gene vps4b plays a significant role in the development of tooth germ. The expression of DSPP and COL-Ⅰ may be controlled by gene vps4b and regulates the development of tooth dentin and cementum together with vps4b.

Objective: To investigate the effect of microvascular endothelial cells (MEC) on the proliferation of hematopoictic stem cells (HSC) under different culture conditions in vitro., Methods: The MEC from lung tissue of C57BL/6 mice and the HSC from bone marrow of GFP mice were used for non-contact co-culture, 2 D contact co-culture, at same time the single MEC and single HSC culture were seted up and were used as control group. The cell counting and CCK-8 method were used to detect and compare the proliferation levels of suspension cells in different groups on day 1, 3, 5 and 7., Results: MEC presented adherent growth. In process of cell culture in vitro, the number of suspension cells in MEC and HSC co-culture group and single HSC culture group increased, the suspension cells in 2D contact and non-contact co-culture groups more early gated into logarithmic growth phase as compared with suspension cells in control group, the proliferation level of suspention cells in 2D contact culture group was higher than that in non-contact co-culture group and single HSC culture group (P<0.05), the proliferation level of suspension cells in non-contact co-culture group was higher than that in single HSC culture group (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The culture of HSC in vitro can proliferate HSC, MEC can promote the proliferation of HSC, MEC also can promote the HSC proliferation by non-contact co-culture in vitro, which relates with the effect of cytokines secreted from MEC; the effect of MEC and HSC contact co-culture on the proliferation of HSC is stronger than that of non-contact co-culture, which relates with the regulation of cell-cell contact.

A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted using the 14 C isotope labeling technique to study the characteristics of organic carbon mineralization and their response to glucose addition when treated with a combination of straw and chemical fertilizer (ST), inorganic fertilizer (NPK), and non-fertilization (CK). The cumulative mineralization rate (ratio of accumulated mineralization amount to total organic carbon content) in CK reaches 1.64% at the end of incubation (56 days). The cumulative mineralization rate during NPK and ST treatments is significantly lower than that in CK (by 0.34% and 0.39%, respectively). This indicates that long-term fertilization affects the soil carbon sequestration. Varying long-term fertilization influences the response of paddy soil to glucose addition and leads to different levels of the priming effect. The priming effect on soil organic carbon mineralization of the three treatments gradually changes from negative to positive with increasing incubation time. The significantly negative cumulative priming effect in ST and NPK after 56 d is 22.07 and 9.05 times higher than that in CK, respectively. The results of the structural equation model indicate that the NH 4 + -N and DOC contents indirectly influence the cumulative priming effect on soil organic carbon by affecting the MBC and MBN contents. The NH 4 + -N concentration has a direct and significant negative effect on the cumulative priming effect. In conclusion, long-term fertilization treatments reduce the cumulative organic carbon mineralization rate of paddy soil. Fertilizer, especially the combination of straw and chemical fertilizer, enhances the soil carbon sequestration and accumulation.

Antibiotics are acknowledged micropollutants in wastewaters and surface waters. They are of particular concern because they can trigger an increase in resistant bacteria. Therefore, novel and efficient technology for the removal of antibiotics is urgently needed. In this study, heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction based on ferrocene (Fc) had been constructed, sulfamethazine (SMZ) was selected as target compound due to its abundance in water. The degradation kinetics, transformation pathway, and degradation products of SMZ in this system were investigated. The results showed that Fc+H 2 O 2 +UV had better degradation efficiency for SMZ than did Fc, Fc+UV, H 2 O 2 , and H 2 O 2 +UV, Fc+H 2 O 2 systems. Radical scavenger experiments confirmed that the photogenerated OH was largely responsible for the photolytic enhancement of SMZ in the Fc+H 2 O 2 +UV system. Additionally, the electron spin resonance technique revealed that photogenerated O 2 - was found in the system, indicating that Fc can generate electrons under light conditions. H 2 O 2 underwent electron disproportionation to produce OH, which promoted the degradation of SMZ. The degradation products of SMZ in the Fc+H 2 O 2 +UV system were identified by LC/LTQ-Orbitrap MS. The hydroxylation of SMZ, the removal of SO 2 , and the products of breaking C-S, S-N, and N-C bonds were observed. Common soluble components (such as DOM, Cl - , and Br - ) in water can quench OH, thus inhibiting the photodegradation of SMZ. However, the ionic strength had no significant effect on the degradation of SMZ in the Fc+H 2 O 2 +UV system, which showed that this technique positively affected the treatment of wastewater containing high-salinity antibiotics.

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of shh and mesenchymal stem cell（MSC）synergism on the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in noninvasive co-culture system in vitro., Methods: The mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro，CD34 + cells were sorted by mini MACS magnetic bead separator，flow cytometry was used to identify the purity of 2 cells. CD34 + cells and MSCs were seeded to upper and low of transwell respecibely for non-contact coculture，and add exogenous shh protein for intervenece. The number of MSCs and HSCs，the total amount of RNA，the expression of ki67 and Tie-2 mRNA of HSC，the expression of VEGF and Ang-1 mRNA of MSC were detected for investigating the condition of cell proliferation and the expression of angiogenic factors., Results: The total number of cells，the total amount of RNA and the relative expression of ki67, Tie-2, VEGF and Ang-1 in non-contact co-culture group increased and showed the following trends on the 7th day：the above-mentioned indexes in group MSC + HSC, group shh + HSC were higher than those in group HSC, while those in MSC + shh + HSC Group was higher than those in MSC + HSC and shh + HSC group., Conclusion: Angiogenic factors help MSC to proliferate HSC and amplify the CD34 + hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by shh and MSC synergism in vitro coculture system which may be related with angiogenic factors.

Soil nitrogen (N) cycling, one of the most important biogeochemical processes in forest ecosystems, has significant environmental effects. However, little is known about how it responds to N deposition and precipitation changes. Here, we examined the main effects of N deposition (NF), rainfall reduction (RR) and their interactive effect (RF) on soil N cycling by N addition and transparent V-shaped board interception in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains. The responses of soil nitrification, denitrification, nitrifying functional genes (ammonia-oxidizing archaea AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria AOB), denitrifying functional genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ) and N fixing function genes (nifH) to NF, RR and RF treatments were analyzed. We found significant positive correlations between nitrification and soil NH 4 + -N, denitrification and and NO 3 - -N, respectively. Soil nitrification and denitrification were not significantly influenced by the three treatments, while denitrification showed an obvious seasonal dynamics. Long-term RR treatment inhibited soil net nitrification, while NF and RF treatments promoted soil net nitrification; nifH and nosZ genes of bacteria were strong resistant to stress, and their diversity was not susceptible to the changes of N and rainfall. Under drought condition, nirK gene of soil bacteria was more susceptible to N deposition. AOA had a higher sensitivity to drought, while AOB had higher sensitivity to NF and RF treatments. The three treatments affected soil net nitrification and altered the diversity of AOB, AOA and nirK-harboring denitrifier in varying degrees, which might affect the release of N-containing gas and ecosystem services.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) pre-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) sheets on new bone formation in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were induced by injection of streptozotocin, and the BMSC were isolated, controlled, identified and induced into cell sheets. Fifteen T2DM rats were randomly divided into control, sheets and Sema3A-sheets group and the calvarial critical size defect (CSD) model of rats were established. The defect zone of rats from control group were implanted with bone powder. The defect zone of rats from sheets group were implanted with bone powder and BMSC sheets. The defect zone of rats from Sema3A-sheets group were implanted with bone powder and BMSC sheets pretreated with 1.0 mg/L Sema3A. After 8 weeks, the bone samples were harvested and analyzed by micro-CT scanning, HE staining for the evaluation of new bone formation, and the immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins including type Ⅰ collagen (COL- Ⅰ ), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and osteocalcin (OCN). Results: The BMSC were isolated and cultured, and oil red O and Alizarin red S staining proved the multi-potential differentiation. Eight weeks after the establishment of calvarial CSD model, Sema3A-sheet group showed the most abundant new bone formation (0.516±0.070), with increased bone volume fraction, namely bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) compared with sheets group (0.319±0.050) and control group (0.224±0.037) ( P <0.05), and the sheets group showed increased BV/TV compared with control group ( P <0.05). While trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) control group showed no difference in three groups ( P >0.05). HE staining also confirmed that Sema3A-sheets group showed the most new bone formation. Sheet group (0.174±0.051) compared showed difference with control group (0.099±0.033) ( P < 0.05), and Sema3A-sheet group (0.421±0.069) showed increased bone formation compared with sheet group and control group ( P <0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that BMSC sheet increased the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins including COL-Ⅰ, BMP-2 and OCN, while Sema3A pretreatment showed more obvious increase of the expression of COL-Ⅰ and OCN. Conclusions: The combined implantation of bone powder and Sema3A stimulated BMSC sheets significantly increased bone regeneration in vivo . Therefore, Sema3A pre-treated BMSC sheets transplantation provides a new strategy for restoring bone defect in T2DM.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects and the possible mechanisms of simvastatin on myocardial injury induced by diabetes., Methods: Twenty-four SD rats (180~220)g were randomly divided into control group (control, n =8) and modeled groups( n =16), the modeled groups were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. Then the modeled rats were randomly divided into diabetes mellitus group (DM group, n =8) and diabetes mellitus + simvastatin group (DM+S group, n =8). Rats in DM+S group were treated with simvastatin at the dose of 40 mg/(kg·d)by gavage for 4 weeks, and the other two groups were treated with the same amount of saline. At the end of experiments, the heart tissues were collected for further observation. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in heart tissues were measured by spectrophotometry; HE staining of rat heart slides was used to observe the pathological changes; TUNEL assay was used to determine the apoptosis index of myocardial cells in each groups; The distribution of p53 in the heart tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry; Western blot was used to detect the expressions of p53, p53-phospho-serine 15, Bax and Bcl-2 in the heart tissues., Results: ①Compared with control group, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased significantly in DM group ( P <0.01). After simvastatin administration, the activity of SOD was increased and the content of MDA was decreased significantly ( P <0.01). ② HE staining results showed that the myocardial cells in the DM group were disorganized, with unclear morphological structure and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration. Compared with DM group, the myocardial morphology in DM+S group was improved significantly. ③TUNEL staining results showed that the apoptosis index of myocardial cells in DM group was increased significantly compared with that of control group, and the apoptosis index was decreased significantly after the treatment of simvastatin ( P <0.01).④ Immunohistochemistry showed that compared with control group,the expression of p53 in DM group was increased significantly, and was expressed in both cytoplasm and nucleus, while the expression of p53 in DM+S group was decreased and the expression of p53 in nucleus was decreased significantly ( P <0.01). ⑤ The results of Western blot showed that the expression levels of p53, p53-phospho-serine15 and Bax were higher than those in control group, and the expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that in control group ( P <0.01). After simvastatin administration, the expression levels of p53,p53-phospho-serine 15 ( P <0.01) and Bax were decreased significantly ( P <0.05) and the expression of Bcl-2 was increased ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Simvastatin exerted protective effects on myocardial injury caused by diabetes through improving the abnormal morphological changes of diabetic myocardium, alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis of myocardial cells. The mechanism is related to the regulation of apoptosis pathway mediated by p53.

It is very important to identify nitrate sources in reservoirs that serve as high quality water sources to control its eutrophication. Stable isotopes (δ 15 N and δ 18 O) and a Bayesian model (stable isotope analysis in R, SIAR) were applied to identify nitrate sources and estimate the proportional contributions of multiple nitrate sources in four reservoirs (Qingshan reservoir, Duihekou reservoir, Siling reservoir, and Lifan reservoir) that serve as sources of drinking water in the Hangjiahu area, one of the most densely populated and most quickly developing areas in East China. It was shown that nitrogen pollution, which was dominated by nitrate (NO 3 - ), existed in the four reservoirs. Greater human activities caused more nitrogen pollution (average NO 3 - concentration 0.21 mmol ·L -1 ) in the Qingshan reservoir. A significant positive correlation ( P <0.01) was observed between Cl - and NO 3 - . The analysis of the water in the Duihekou reservoir, Siling reservoir, and Lifan reservoir, with lower Cl - concentrations and higher NO 3 - /Cl - ratios, suggested that chemical fertilizer was the main source, while the analysis of the water in the Qingshan reservoir, with medium Cl - concentrations and NO 3 - /Cl - ratios, indicated a mixture of NO 3 - sources. The δ 15 N ranged from 0.9‰ to 7.2‰, and the δ 18 O ranged from 2.8‰ to 14.1‰ in the four reservoirs. The δ 18 O values in more than 86% of the water samples were less than 10‰, and the δ 15 N/δ 18 O values in 93% of the water samples were less than 1.3. It was identified that nitrification rather than denitrification acted as the primary N cycling process in the four reservoirs. SIAR was used to estimate the proportional contribution of five NO 3 - sources (industrial wastewater, sewage/manure, chemical fertilizer, soil nitrogen, and precipitation) in the Qingshan reservoir and of three NO 3 - sources (chemical fertilizer, soil nitrogen, and precipitation) in the Duihekou reservoir, Siling reservoir, and Lifan reservoir. The source apportionment results showed that chemical fertilizers and soil nitrogen were the dominant nitrate sources and their contributions were 75%-82%. It was revealed that nitrogen pollution in the water source reservoir caused by cropping non-point source pollution was very serious. Nitrate source contributions in Qingshan reservoir also included sewage/manure (25%), soil nitrogen (7%), and precipitation (6%), indicating that nitrogen pollution by sewage/manure should not be ignored in the higher human activity areas. The nitrate source in the Duihekou reservoir, Siling reservoir, and Lifan reservoir also included precipitation, with the nitrate contribution from precipitation at 21%, 24%, and 15%, respectively. It was suggested that precipitation contributed more nitrate to the water in areas with less human activity.

Objective: To observe the protective effect of simvastatin on renal injury in diabetic rats and to explore the possible molecular mechanism., Methods: Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group ( n =8) and modeling group ( n =16).The rats in modeling group were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally at a dose of 55 mg/kg to establishing diabetic rat model. After diabetic ratmodel established successfully, the diabetic rats were randomly subdivided into diabetes mellitus (DM) group and diabetes mellitus + simvastatin (DM+Sim) group ( n =8).Rats in DM+Sim group were given simvastatin at a dose of 40 mg/kg by oral gavages, once a day for 4 weeks. Morphological changes and interstitial fibrosis of kidney were observed by histopathological method. The expressions of relative protein in endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory molecules in renal tissues and cells apoptosis were detected by molecular biology method., Results: ① Compared with NC group, the pathological changes of glomerulus and tubulointerstitium were obvious, and the collagen fibers were obviously erythrophilous and unevenly distributed in DM group. Compared with DM group, the morphological changes and fibrosis were significantly improved in DM+Sim group. ② The expressions of GRP78, p-IRE1α, NF-κB p65 and MCP-1 in DM group were significantly higher than those in NC group ( P <0.05), while the expressions of GRP78, p-IRE1α, NF-κB p65 and MCP-1in DM + Sim group were decreased ( P <0.05). ③ There were a small number of apoptotic nuclei in the glomeruli and adjunctive renal tubules in NC group detected by TUNEL assay, while there were a large number of apoptotic nuclei in DM group ( P <0.01). The number of apoptotic nuclei was decreased significantly in DM+Sim group ( P <0.01)., Conclusions: Morphologicalchanges and fibrosis of renal tissue are improved obviously, and the number of apoptotic cells is decreased significantly after administration of simvastatin in diabetic rats. Simvastatin exertsthe protective effect on diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway, and reducing renal cell apoptosis.

In this paper, an approach was applied for separation and identification of oligosaccharides in Morinda officinalis How by Ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with collision energy. The separation was carried out on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide C₁₈(2.1mm×100 mm，1.7 μm) with gradient elution using acetonitrile(A) and water(B) containing 0.1% ammonia as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min⁻¹. The column temperature was maintained at 40 °C. The information of accurate mass and characteristic fragment ion were acquired by MSE in ESI negative mode in low and high collision energy. The chemical structures and formula of oligosaccharides were obtained and identified by the software of UNIFI and Masslynx 4.1 based on the accurate mass, fragment ions, neutral losses, mass error, reference substance, isotope information, the intensity of fragments, and retention time. A total of 19 inulin oligosaccharide structures were identified including D(+)-sucrose, 1-kestose, nystose, 1F-fructofuranosyl nystose and other inulin oligosaccharides (DP 5-18). This research provided important information about the inulin oligosaccharides in M. officinalis. The results would provide scientific basis for innovative utilization of M. officinalis., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To investigate the effect of semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) on the infection of transmitted/founder (TF) HIV-1 and its matched chronic control (CC) viruses and the antagonism of ADS-J1 on SEVI-mediated enhancement of TF and CC virus infection in vitro., Methods: PAP 248-286 self-assembling into SEVI amyloid fibrils was validated by ThT assay. We generated the virus stocks of TF and CC virus pair. TZM-bl cells were infected with the mixture of SEVI and TF or CC viruses for 72 h. Luciferase activity was used to observe the enhancement of SEVI. SEVI was treated with different concentrations of ADS-J1 and incubated with TF or CC viruses. TZM-bl cells were then infected with the mixture and luciferase activity was detected 72 h after infection to analyze the antagonism of ADS-J1 on the enhancing effect of SEVI. ADS-J1 was also incubated with TF and CC viruses directly and TZM-bl cells were infected for 72 h to evaluate the antiviral effect using luciferase assay. SEVI was treated with ADS-J1 and Zeta potential was determined to explore the antagonistic mechanism of ADS-J1., Results: ThT assay showed that PAP 248-286 was capable of self-assembly into SEVI amyloid fibrils. SEVI significantly accelerated TF and CC viruses infection (P<0.05), and ADS-J1 not only significantly antagonized the enhancement of SEVI (P<0.05) but also directly inhibited the infection of TF and CC viruses (P<0.05). ADS-J1 neutralized the positive charge of SEVI in a dose-dependent manner., Conclusions: SEVI promotes the infection of TF and CC strains, and ADS-J1 antagonizes SEVI-mediated enhancement of TF and CC viruses by neutralizing the positive charge of SEVI.

Objective: To investigate the effect of aspirin on osseointegration around titanium implants in ostoeporotic rats and to provide evidence for future researches and clinical application. Methods: A total of 60 female SD rats, aged 3-4 months, were divided into ovariectomy group (Ovx group, n= 48) and sham-ovariectomy group (Sham group, n= 12). The rats in Ovx group received ovariectomy and those in Sham group underwent sham-ovariectomy. Twelve weeks later, six rats in each group were randomly selected to confirm the osteoporosis models. The Ovx group was divided into 4 subgroups with 12 rats in each group, namely the osteoporosis group (OP group), and Aspirin groups (A1, A2, A3 group). Pure screw titanium implants were placed in the right tibia near metaphysis of all rats. Three days after implant surgery, aspirin groups were intragastrically administered aspirin at a dose of 2.06, 4.11, 8.21 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) (A1, A2, A3), and OP group and Sham group were fed the same amount of normal saline. Four and 12 weeks following implantations surgery, half of the rats in each group were randomly chosen and sacrificed. Implant bone contact rate (IBCR), combined bone lamella width (CBLW) and trabercular width (TW) were observed and calculated using histomorphometric measurement. Results: Four weeks after implantations surgery, the TW and CBLW of rats in A1 group [(39.60±2.77) and (27.56±4.14) μm] and the IBCR, TW and CBLW of rats in A2 group and A3 group [A2: (47.21±4.19)%, (48.74±3.20) and (35.91±3.79) μm; A3: (47.35±6.07)%, (50.27±5.25) and (40.66±2.11) μm] were much higher than those in OP group [(33.89±7.17)%, (32.20±6.10) and (19.77±6.80) μm]( P< 0.05). In term of CBLW, there were no difference between A3 group and Sham group [(46.11±5.87) μm]( P> 0.05). Twelve weeks after implantations surgery, the IBCR and CBLW of rats in A1 group [ (85.86±3.64) %, (53.12±8.68) μm], and the IBCR, TW and CBLW of rats in A2 group and A3 group [A2: (85.64±3.97)%, (69.42±6.78) and (54.19±3.12) μm; A3: (86.22±3.48)%, (75.43±3.50) and (55.79±5.60) μm] were much higher than those in OP group [(77.20±7.14)%, (55.10±2.26) and (41.77±3.13) μm]( P< 0.05). In term of IBCR, there were no difference among A1 group, A2 group, A3 group and Sham group [(90.09±2.21)%]( P> 0.05). Conclusions: The low dose aspirin could promote IBCR, CBLW and TW of osteoporotic rats implants.

Scutellariae baicalensis is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, mainly distributed in Shandong and Hebei provinces. It has significant pharmacological effects such as antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidation. Baicalin is one of its main effective components. However, baicalin's low bioavailability has restricted its clinical application. In recent decades, extensive studies have been carried out on the metabolism of baicalin in vivo at home and abroad. In order to provide scientific references for baicalin's further studies, this paper would not only review the advances in pharmacokinetics research of baicalin and Chinese herbal preparations containing baicalin, but also make a summary on research status of baicalin., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding single-stranded small noncoding RNAs with the length of 20 to 23 nucleotides. MicroRNA-125 (miR-125) family, which is a highly conserved miRNA family, is consist of miR-125a, miR-125b-1 and miR-125b-2. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that miR-125 can be involved in various physiological and pathological processes in vivo. Importantly, it is closely related with the tumorigenesis and tumor development, including tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, metabolism and immune response. In malignant hematologic diseases, it is defined either as a oncogene, or as a tumor suppressor gene, even, closely related with the drug resistance in a variety of hematologic malignancies. MiR-125 is expected to become a new therapeutic target. Newly, the research of the relationship between miR-125 family and hematologic malignancies become increasing, including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma. In this review, the relationship between miR-125 family with malignant hematologic diseases and its latest research progress are summarized.

Objective: To describe long-term results of locking plate used for the treatment of non-osteoporotic fresh three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures with at least 2 years follow-up., Methods: The functional outcomes and the complications of non-osteoporotic three- and four-part fresh proximal humeral fractures treated with locking plate were assessed retrospectively. The active range of motion, the Constant score, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score, the visual analogue score (VAS) were employed to evaluate the postoperative shoulder function, and the radiographic images were taken to evaluate the neck-shaft angle of the proximal humeral and postoperative implant-related complications., Results: From January 2007 to October 2014, 107 consecutive fresh three- and four-part non-osteoporotic fresh proximal humeral fractures were treated with a locking plate in our department. Among them, 67 patients completed at least 2 years follow-up. The average follow-up time was (43.9±23.3) months (range: 24-108 months). The mean Constant score was 87.1±11.7 (range: 51-100), the mean UCLA score was 30.5±3.9 (range: 18-35), the mean VAS score was 1±2 (range: 0-7). The mean active forward flexion was 159.0°±19.3° (range: 80°-180°), the mean external rotation was 36.8°±19.5°(0°-80°) and the mean internal rotation was T11 level (T2-LS level). There were 11 patients who suffered from complications. Screw perforations were observed in 5 (7.5%) patients, avascular necrosis of the humeral head was observed in 9 (13.4%) patients and traumatic osteoarthritis was observed in 5 (7.5%) patients. Six patients showed two or more complications. There was no significant difference in outcomes when comparing the patients with three- part fractures (31 patients) with those with four-part fractures (36 patients). The rates of complications and avascular necrosis were significantly higher in the four-part fracture group than in the three-part fracture group., Conclusion: The locking plate is an effective method in treating three- and four-part non-osteoporotic fresh proximal humeral fractures. Strict surgical indication and precise surgical skill are the key points for successful treating non-osteoporotic fresh proximal humeral fractures. There is a higher rate of complications and avascular necrosis of the humeral head in the four-part fractures than in the three-part fractures.

Inflammasome is a group of polyprotein complexes located in the cytoplasm, its activation can induce the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and promote the early atherosclerosis. In the recent years, it is found that the inflammasome is activated in thrombotic deseases, moveover, the activated inflammasome and its activation induced cytokines promote the occurrence and development of thrombolic deseases, and show the unfavaourable effect on prognosis. With further exploration on the mechanisms of thrombotic diseases, the relationship between the inflammasome and thrombotic diseases increasingly become a hot spot of research. This review focuses on the action mechanisms of inflammasome in thrombotic diseases.