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Objective To construct a machine learning prediction model for postoperative liver injury in patients with non-liver surgery based on preoperative and intraoperative medication indicators. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 315 patients with liver injury after non-liver surgery selected from the databases developed by 3 large general hospitals from January 2014 to September 2022.With the positive/negative ratio of 1:3, 928 cases in corresponding period with non-liver surgery and without liver injury were randomly matched as negative control cases.These 1 243 patients were randomly divided into the modeling group (n=869) and the validation group (n=374) in a ratio of 7:3 using the R language setting code.Preoperative clinical indicators (basic information, medical history, relevant scale score, surgical information and results of laboratory tests) and intraoperative medication were used to construct the prediction model for liver injury after non-liver surgery based on 4 machine learning algorithms, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine linear (SVM), logic regression (LR) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost).In the validation group, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, precision-recall curve (P-R), decision curve analysis (DCA) curve, Kappa value, sensitivity, specificity, Brier score, and F1 score were applied to evaluate the efficacy of model. Results The model established by 4 machine learning algorithms to predict postoperative liver injury after non-liver surgery was optimal using the XGBoost algorithm.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.916(95%CI: 0.883~0.949), area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) was 0.841, Brier score was 0.097, and sensitivity and specificity was 78.95% and 87.10%, respectively. Conclusion The postoperative liver injury prediction model for non-liver surgery based on the XGBoost algorithm has effective prediction for the occurrence of postoperative liver injury.

Lithium (Li) metal is a potential anode material for high energy density batteries. However, issues such as lithium dendrite growth, interface instability, poor cycling stability and large volume expansion limit the application of lithium metal anode. Aiming at the problem of dendritic growth and volume expansion, a semi-confined hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) material with a large specific surface area was prepared by template method. The high specific area of HPC electrode can reduce the local current density of Li deposition, and the rich pore structure can restrict the Li deposition in it, thus inhibiting the dendritic growth and alleviating the volume expansion. Li‖HPC battery can cycle for more than 250 cycles at a current density of 1.0 mA/cm2 and a deposition capacity of 1.0 mAh/cm2, maintaining a Coulombic efficiency of 97.6%. Li@HPC‖lithium iron phosphate a deposition capacity of (LiFePO4) full cell has a specific capacity of 93.6 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.5 C, which is higher than that of Li@Cu‖LiFePO4 full cell (60.8 mAh/g) with an increase of by 32.8 mAh/g.

BACKGROUND Chameleon diamond is a type of color diamond with photochromic and thermochromic phenomenon. If the chameleon diamond is placed in a dark room or heated for a long time, it can change from greenish yellow to fancy yellow, and return to its original color when it cools. Previous studies on chameleon diamond focus mainly on spectral characteristics. Through testing a large number of samples, the gemological and spectral characteristics of chameleon diamond are summarized. The characteristics of chameleon diamond, include a persistent yellow phosphorescence, a 480nm absorption band, and mainly the A-aggregate of nitrogen. A model to explain the thermochromic and photochromic phenomenon of chameleon diamond was proposed. The characteristics of chameleon diamond discovered by previous studies are also found in a few yellow diamonds. Diamonds colored by the 480nm band show yellow fluorescence and phosphorescence under short wave ultraviolet light, low nitrogen content, high concentrations of defects related to hydrogen and nickel, but no obvious thermochromic and photochromic phenomena. Previous studies of the chameleon diamond and similar yellow diamonds were conducted independently and did not compare the two similar diamonds. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the difference of spectral characteristics and defect types between chameleon diamonds and similar yellow diamonds, and then analyze the causes of thermochromic phenomenon of chameleon diamond to gain a deeper understanding of the possible structure of the center responsible for the chameleon effect. METHODS Firstly, two chameleon diamond samples and four similar yellow diamond samples were collected to observe the color changes of the diamonds before and after heating. Top illumination and scattering illumination were used to observe the internal characteristics and color distribution of the samples. The fluorescence and phosphorescence characteristics of diamonds at long wave (365nm) and short wave (254nm) were observed by ordinary fluorescent lamp. The fluorescence and phosphorescent characteristics and growth structure of the samples under ultra-violet light were observed by DiamondViewTM. Secondly, in order to investigate the causes of thermochromism in chameleon diamond, the absorption characteristics of diamond samples in the range of ultraviolet visible light were collected before and after heating and compared with those of similar yellow diamonds. The differences in absorption spectra between chameleon diamond and similar yellow diamond were analyzed, and the causes of thermochromic phenomena were explored. Finally, an infrared spectrometer was used to collect the infrared spectrum of diamond samples and analysis of the types and impurity elements of diamond samples was conducted. Through the comparative analysis of the infrared spectrum of samples, the differences in the types and contents of nitrogen and hydrogen impurities between chameleon diamond and similar yellow diamond were obtained. The laser Raman spectrometer was used to collect PL spectra of the samples at liquid nitrogen temperature by using 473nm, 532nm and 830nm lasers. By comparing the PL characteristics of chameleon diamond and similar yellow diamond, the differences between the two defects were obtained. RESULTS The color distribution of the 6 diamond samples is uniform. After heating, the chameleon diamond samples change color from yellow-green to yellow, while similar yellow diamonds have no obvious color change. Under long and short wavelength UV light, the samples are yellow fluorescence without phosphorescence. The performance of the samples in this study is consistent under long and short wavelength ultraviolet light, but it is different from the previous study results that the chameleon diamond has persistent yellow phosphorescence, which further indicates that the chameleon effect is not directly related to the phosphorescence. Under ultra-violet light, the samples have green fluorescence with irregular patterns which are markedly similar to diamonds colored by the 480nm band. Chameleon diamonds show moderate green phosphorescence. All the samples have C defect absorption continuum combined with 480nm absorption band. The specific wide absorption band of 650-800nm is obvious in chameleon diamond. After being heated, the 480nm and 650-800nm absorption band of chameleon diamond completely disappears. However, the 480nm absorption band of similar yellow diamonds is weakened or has no obvious change. Therefore, the poor thermal stability of 480nm and 650-800nm absorption band is responsible for the thermochromic phenomenon of chameleon diamonds. The infrared absorption characteristics of chameleon diamond mainly show A-defect absorption. Isolated nitrogen and hydrogen-related features can be seen, in addition to the characteristic 1430cm−1 wide absorption, which has a different origin than the platelet-related 1430cm−1 feature in Cape diamond. The similar yellow diamond has higher nitrogen content, and the degree of nitrogen aggregation is higher, and does not show any type Ib character. The broadband emission of all samples occurs mainly as one band centered at 700nm, this band consists of a dozen of peaks from 595nm to 725nm in steps of about 10nm. Additionally sharp peaks at 753, 771, 799, 818, 838, 845nm are present in the chameleon diamond samples. This spectrum is virtually identical to that reported previously for diamonds containing the 480nm absorption band. Chameleon diamonds and similar yellow diamonds all contain nitrogen-vacancy, nickel-nitrogen related defects, but the amount of defects is different. Chameleon diamonds cannot be effectively distinguished based on the PL spectral. The PL spectrum analysis shows that the nickel impurity is responsible for the green fluorescence of the samples under ultra-violet light. CONCLUSIONS This study focuses on the comparative analysis of gemology, UV-visible absorption, infrared absorption and photoluminescence characteristics of chameleon diamond and its similar yellow diamond. Chameleon diamond is type Ia diamond with low concentration of A defect, and shows some type Ib character, such as 1240cm−1 absorption. Chameleon diamond has 480nm and 650-800nm absorption bands, that are responsible for the chameleon effect. The characteristics of chameleon diamond in this study are consistent with those in previous studies. Absorption bands of 650-800nm and absorption peaks of 1430cm−1 (unrelated to platelet) are the main differences between the chameleon diamond and similar yellow diamond sample. It is inferred that the absorption band of 650-800nm and the absorption peak of 1430cm−1 are related to the center causing the thermochromic phenomenon. Although similar yellow diamond samples also have a 480nm center, their thermal stability is different from that of chameleon diamonds. The reason for this phenomenon is unknown, therefore further studies are needed.

Objective To develop and validate a machine learning prediction model for postoperative respiratory failure (PRF) in patients after non-cardiothoracic surgery based on intraoperative indicators. Methods A total of 705 patients undergoing non-cardiothoracic surgery in our hospital from January 2014 to June 2019 were enrolled, and then 565 patients of them were assigned in the training set (including 128 cases of PRF) and 140 patients into the test set (35 cases of PRF). Another 164 patients undergoing non-cardiothoracic surgery at West China Hospital from May 2019 to January 2020 and Zhongshan Hospital from June 2019 to December 2019 were assigned into the validation set (41 cases of PRF). Nineteen intraoperative indicators were extracted, and 6 machine learning algorithms, such as gradient boosting model (GBM), generalize linear model (GLM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), naive bayes (NB), neural network (NNET), and support vector machine linear (SVM) were used to develop and test the models and were verified in the validation set. The best model was screened out by comparing the performance of each model, and finally, the web page prediction model was established. Results GBM obtained the best performance, with an accuracy of 76.2%(95%CI: 69.0%~82.5%), an area under the subject curve (AUC) of 0.794 (95%CI: 0.707~0.882), an area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.641, and a Brier score of 0.169. Conclusion The model developed based on GBM algorithm is of higher generalization, accuracy, and clinical utility, and helps avoid overfitting. The developed web page prediction model (http://150.158.55.139) can provide a new dynamic evaluation method for PRF and quantify surgical risk.

Objective To explore the feasibility of constructing prediction models of postoperative sepsis mortality risk based on machine learning in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods A case-control trial was designed and conducted on the patients diagnosed with sepsis after abdominal surgery from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅳ (MIMIC-Ⅳ) database, and 90-day mortality was defined as the primary endpoint event after hospitalization. The dataset was ramdomly split into training (70%) and test (30%) datasets according to wether diagnosed with postopertive sepsis or not. On the training dataset, logistic regression (LR), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) were used to develop the prediction model for death. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and F1 score were used for model evaluation on the test dataset. Results A total of 986 patients were finally analyzed, of whom 251 patients (25.5%) died within 90 d after hospitalization. The AUC values of LR, GBDT, RF, SVM and AdaBoost prediction models were 0.852, 0.903, 0.921, 0.940 and 0.906, respectively. The model based on SVM yielded the best AUC value, higher differentiation and better prediction performance, while LR performed the worst among them. Conclusion The performances of the prediction model of postoperative sepsis mortality based on GBDTT, RF, SVM and AdaBoost are all better than that of traditional LR model, which may help to assist clinical decision making and improve adverse outcomes.

Objective To explore the application of deep learning in automatic classification of anemia with conjunctival images as input. Methods The conjunctival images of 284 patients undergoing elective surgery in the Department of Anesthesiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from March 18 to April 26, 2021 were collected and analyzed prospectively. The images divided into 2 types: normal and anemia according to the corresponding hemoglobin concentration. Four deep learning algorithms, including InceptionV3, ResNet50V2, EfficientNetV2B0 and DenseNet121, were used to construct a prediction model for anemia. The performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Results The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.709 (95%CI: 0.643~0.769), 0.661 (95%CI: 0.594~0.725), 0.670 (95%CI: 0.603~0.733), and 0.695 (95%CI: 0.628~0.756), respectively for the 4 deep learning algorithms. The InceptionV3 model showed superior predictive performance on the test set, with an AUC value of 0.709 (95%CI: 0.643~0.769), an accuracy of 0.695, a sensitivity of 0.750, a specificity of 0.412, a positive predictive value of 0.707 and a negative predictive value of 0.629. Based on the optimal algorithm, a network service application which can be used for online prediction of anemia was developed (http://150.158.58.4). Conclusion Our model, which is established based on deep learning algorithm with conjunctiva image as input, has a good performance on fast and automatic prediction for anemia. The InceptionV3model has better comprehensive prediction performance.

Objective To establish a risk model for predicting postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after non-cardiac surgery using preoperative indicators based on machine learning algorithm. Methods A case-control study was designed, and conducted on the POCD patients after non-cardiac surgery in the medical big data platform of our hospital from January 2014 to January 2019. Finally, 92 patients were included in the POCD group. According to surgical type and age matched of the POCD group, another 276 patients who did not develop POCD after surgery and discharged from the hospital during the same time period from the same big data platform were assigned into the non-POCD group at a ratio of 1∶3. At the same time, these 368 patients were randomly divided into modeling group (n=259) and validation group (n=109) at a ratio of 7∶3. After data preprocessing and feature selection of preoperative clinical indicators (general data, relevant scoring scales, surgical-related data and results of preoperative laboratory tests), the risk prediction model of POCD for non-cardiac surgery was established based on 3 machine learning algorithms, that is, logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM) and Decision Tree. The model efficacy was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results The SVM algorithm was the best model among the 3 machine learning algorithms to predict the risk of POCD after non-cardiac surgery. The AUC value of the model in the validation group was 0.957 (95%CI: 0.905~1.000), with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.6% and 98.8%, respectively. Conclusion A prediction model of POCD after non-cardiac surgery is successfully established based on machine learning algorithm. This model shows good predictive performance for POCD. [Key words] machine learning , prediction model , postoperative cognitive dysfunction,

Objective To establish a prediction model of risk for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after total knee replacement (TKR) by Bayesian network (BN) algorithm and investigate its predictive performance. Methods A case-control trial was conducted on 1 260 inpatients who underwent TKR from January 2017 to December 2021 in the Department of Joint Surgery of our hospital. Their main diagnosis of inclusion was severe osteoarthritis of left/right knee joint. They were 240 cases of male (19.0%) and 1 020 cases of female (81.0%), at an average age of 66.73±8.46 (23~79) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.08±5.08 kg/m2. The POCD patients (n=71) after surgery (from the end of surgery to discharge) were randomly divided into A1 group and B1 group at a ratio of 7∶3, and those without POCD (1 189 cases) were also randomly divided into A2 group and B2 group at a same ratio. The patients from A1 and A2 groups were combined together as training set, and those out of B1 and B2 groups as test set. Thirty-six indexes related to perioperative anesthesia decision, disease outcome and length of stay in TKR were selected as nodes, and the probability distribution model diagram of each node was established by using BN algorithm to predict the probability of risk for POCD, so as to minimize the length of stay and promote the maximum recovery of patients. Results The prediction model of risk for POCD after TKR was established based on BN algorithm. The area value under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) of the training set was 0.966 1 (95% CI: 0.954 1~0.978 4), and the ROC-AUC value of the test set was 0.897 4 (95% CI: 0.867 2~0.928 5), with an accuracy of 96.43% (95%CI: 0.951 1~0.976 4) and 93.44% (95% CI: 0.909 2~0.959 6), respectively. Conclusion Our risk prediction model for POCD after TKR based on BN algorithm has good performance and high accuracy

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of anxiety and depression on Internet gaming disorder in medical students， and to evaluate the moderating effect of gender， so as to provide references for the prevention and intervention of Internet gaming disorder in medical students.MethodsIn November 2021， a total of 11 771 medical students from a medical college in Sichuan province participated in an online survey through Wenjuanxing platform. Participants completed the Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） and the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form （IGDS9-SF）. Then a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to discuss the moderating role of gender in the relationships between anxiety， depression and Internet gaming disorder in medical students.Results①Males scored lower on SDS （t=-8.302， P

With the rapid development of renewable energy (RE) and the continuous progress of smart grid, the energy consumption characteristic design of modern power system is developing towards a more flexible and economical microgrid (MG). Meanwhile, the high participation of multi-agent integrated energy in MG brings challenges to the efficient and economic operation of the system. Aiming at the complex capacity configuration of MG with multi-functional interaction, a combined capacity optimization method for a typical independent MG including photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines (WT), diesel generators (DG) and battery energy storage system (BESS) is proposed. On the one hand, the models of PV, WT, DG, BESS and electric vechicle (EV) charging load are established. On the other hand, the EV charging load are considered, and the capacity configuration is optimized to minimize the cost, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy waste. The results show that the combination of PV-WT-BESS-DG is not only more reliable but also more economical. This study can provide support for the optimal allocation of MG capacity.

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence, rapid progression and low survival rate. It is in urgent need of new targets for precise treatment or improvement of prognosis. In recent years, it has been found that trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and participates in the progress of proliferation, migration and adhesion of malignant tumor cells through cell surface receptor signals. In this paper, the expression of TROP2 in pancreatic cancer, the signaling pathway involved in the mediation of TROP2 and the research progress of antitumor drugs targeting TROP2 were summarized, which provided some references for the mechanism of targeting TROP2 in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and the improvement of prognosis of patients.

In order to enhance the flexibility and reliability of multi-energy microgrids with ice storage systems,integrate with distributed generations and energy storage systems effectively,an autonomous cooperative control is proposed in this paper,which consists of control of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) microgrids and interlinking converters (ICs). Slack terminals in AC and DC microgrids adopt P - f and P - V droop control respectively. The control of the IC with AC microgrid consists of interlinking power control loop,virtual synchronous control and inner voltage control. The control of the IC with DC microgrid includes interlinking power control and phase shift control. With the proposed method,it is possible to achieve followings. When electric energy is abundant,ice storage,storage battery and other devices absorb electric energy adaptively according to their rated capacity and bear the energy storage energy reasonably. At peak load,the ice storage device is put into operation preferentially,and other energy storage devices is used for other cooling loads,equivalent electrical loads and electrical loads,which is reasonably borne according to the rated capacity ratio. The effectiveness of the proposed control is verified by simulation. It should be noted that the proposed method improves the stability and controllability of the whole system,which provides a novel idea for system-level controller design for multi-energy microgrid.

To investigate the effect of salt stress on the germination of sesame, a mixed salt solution of sodium chloride and calcium chloride was used as the culture medium to analyze the changes and correlations in growth characteristics, total phenolic content, total flavone content, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activity during the germination process of sesame. The results showed that salt stress could promote sesame germination and the accumulation of phenol and flavone, and improve the ABTS+ free radicals scavenging rate and the iron ion reduction ability of sesame. The effect of salt stress on antioxidant enzyme activity varied by enzyme species, and the treatment had a more obvious promoting effect on SOD and CAT activities compared with APX and POD activities. The correlation analysis results demonstrated that the total phenol of sesame cultured under salt stress was positively correlated with its total flavonoids, ABTS+ free radical scavenging rate, iron ion reducing ability, and POD enzyme activity. The correlation between total phenol and iron ion reducing ability, SOD activity and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, POD activity and iron ion reducing ability of sesame was enhanced by salt stress treatment. This study could lay a foundation for further deciphering the physiological mechanism of salt stress on sesame germination, and provide theoretical basis for the development of sesame functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in male patients with condyloma acuminatum (CA) and to develop a model for predicting recur-rence risk. Methods Wart samples were collected from 714 CA patients at Jiaozhou Branch of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University from January 1011 to June 1013. Human papillomavirus DNA was extracted and genomic DNA was genotyped. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for recurrence within 6 months after being cured with physiotherapy, and a prediction model for recurrence risk was developed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to verify the prediction value of the prediction model. Results Among 714 CA patients, the main genotypes were HPV 6, 11, 16, and 41. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a disease course of 6 months, high-risk HPV infection, multiple HPV infections, and the number of warts = 5 were independent risk factors for recurrence (P < 0.05), while using condom was a protective factor for recurrence in CA patients (P = 0.010). Multiple factor analysis was used to construct recurrence predictive model. The validation results of the ROC curve showed that when logit (P) > 13.00, the sensitivity and specificity were 71. 39% and 83.01%, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.863. Conclusions The main genotypes of HPV infection are HPV 6, 11, 16, and 42 in male CA patients. The prediction model for recurrence risk factors has high predictive value for predicting recurrence of CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the effects of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction on factors related to bone destruction and bone protection in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) based on osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-?B ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-?B (RANK) signaling pathway. Methods According to the body weight, 60 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: the normal group, the model group, the Triperygium wilfordii multiglucoside group (0.01 g/kg), the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction low-dose group (8.6 g/kg), the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction medium-dose group (17.2 g/kg), and the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction high-dose group (34.4 g/kg) (n=10 rats per group). The rats in all groups except for the normal group were given 100 µg bovine type II collagen on the 1st and 8th days to establish the CIA model, and was injected into the left foot sole and tail root of the rats. After the successful modeling, the rats were treated by gavage for 4 weeks. The general state, body weight, and arthritis index (AI) score of rats were recorded, and the contents of RANKL and OPG in rat serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL, RANK, and OPG in the ankle joint were determined through real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results Compared with the normal group, the general state of the model group was poor, the toe swelling was obvious, the AI score was increased, the serum RANKL content was increased, the serum OPG content was decreased, and the mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL and RANK in the ankle joint were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the degree of toe swelling and the AI score of rats in the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were decreased, the serum RANKL content was decreased, the serum OPG content was increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL and RANK in the ankle joint were decreased, the mRNA and protein expressions of OPG were increased, and the RANKL/OPG ratio of the ankle joint was decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction can improve the destruction of joint bone in CIA rats, and its mechanism of action may be related to reducing RANKL level, reducing RANKL/OPG ratio, and regulating bone balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diethanol-isopropanolamine and triisopropanolamine (DEIPA-TIPA) grinding & enhancing aid (GEA) was used for activating the late activity of zeolite powder (ZP). The particle size distribution of ZP was characterized by laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer. The composition, micro-morphology, CH content of hydration products were characterized by XRD, ESEM and TGA. The results show that the specific surface area of ZP increases by 85.4 m² · kg-1 and the average particle size decreases by 1.45 µm when 0.04% (mass fraction) GEA (m(DEIPA) : m(TIPA) = 6:4) is added. Adding 10% (mass fraction) activated ZP to cement mortar, the activity index of ZP increases 7% in 28 d. DEIPA-TIPA GEA promotes the hydration process of ZP-cement system and the secondary hydration reaction of ZP through adsorption-dispersion mechanism and complexation, which enhances the strength of cement mortar to a certain extent by improving the uniformity and compactness of hydration products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3 O4/graphene composites with Fe3 O4 nanosheets vertically and uniformly grown on the surface of graphene are prepared by solvothermal method. XRD, BET, SEM, TEM and other characterization methods are used to characterize the structure of the composites. CV and GCD are used to test the electrochemical performance of the composites using KOH, Na2SO3 and Na2SO4 aqueous solution as electrolyte. The effects of the type and concentration of electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of Fe3 O4/graphene composites are analyzed. The results show that different types of electrolytes have different ionic radii, and the size of the ionic radius affects the insertion/extraction of ions in the electrode material, so the capacitance of Fe3 O4/graphene composites in different types of electrolytes behaves differently. The order of specific capacitance of Fe3 O4/graphene composites in three different electrolytes from large to small is: KOH electrolyte> Na2SO3 electrolyte> Na2SO4 electrolyte, and the specific capacitance reaches the maximum in 0.9 mol/L KOH electrolyte (330 F/g, current density ls 0.4 A/g). Different concentrations of KOH electrolyte have different viscosities and electrical conductivity. The viscosity and conductivity of the electrolyte will affect the migration speed of ions, further affecting the capacitance performance of Fe3 O4/graphene composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor refrigeration was used for heat dissipation of high power LEDs. A practical temperature-controlling system was designed and built with a microcontroller unit (STC89C52) and a thermoelectric cooling module (TEC1-12703) as the core components. Functions including temperature measurement, display, setup, and control were realized. PWM (pulse width modulation) was applied to regulate the driving current of the thermoelectric cooler. Effective refrigeration and temperature control were thus achieved. This system was used for the temperature control of a LED module with the power of 7 X 3 W. When the environment temperature was 22~25 °C, the substrate temperature of the LED module could be stabilized in the range of 40~70 °C. If the upper and lower temperature limits of the LED substrate were set to be 64 °Cand 65 °C, respectively, the power consumed by thermoelectric cooling was only 27% of that consumed by the LEDs. The temperature-controlling system had a high cooling speed (up to 14 °C/min) and small temperature fluctuation (only +0. 5 °C). It fulfilled the requirements for LED temperature control and could be used for many other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase of the understanding of osteoporosis by global researchers and clinicians, the research hotspot of osteoporosis field increases gradually and the research direction becomes gradually clear. First of all, because primary osteoporosis is mainly a kind of senile disease, it is closely linked to other chronic diseases in the elderly. The study of the anti-aging mechanism includes the study of etiology and mechanism of osteoporosis. Secondly, with the development of modern imaging technology and the breakthrough of minimally invasive devices and other diagnostic technology, the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of bone quality advance from a single plane image to measure mineral content in the past, to the multi-dimension identification of bone strength, bone microstructure, and bone material properties. Researchers can evaluate the extent of bone damage and the effect of drugs more accurately. Finally, the anti-osteoporosis drug therapy becomes more targeted. The research and development of new drugs have advanced from cell activity level to signal transduction level in order to improve drug efficacy. The clinical medication has improved from the single drug use to sequential and combination use of the drug, so that patients obtain long bone protection period and reduced adverse events due to the long-term use of a single drug. The authors review the major findings in the osteoporosis field in 2014, and focus on the following 3 aspects: 1) The correlation between osteoporosis and other chronic diseases; 2) The diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk; 3)New drug development and clinical research of therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidics is widely used in fields as biochemical analysis, disease diagnosis, minimally invasive surgery, and environmental monitoring. Key technologies in microfluidics are design and manufacturing of the microchannel structures, driving and control of micro-and nano-scale fluid flows, and integration and packaging of microfluidic devices and systems. In this paper, present status, applications, and prospected development of the microfluidic technology are reviewed. Meso-scale transport theory of multiphase microflows and properties of cross-scale fluids are proposed to be the hotspots in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental Acupuncture and Moxibustion, as an interdisciplinary course, integrates traditional acupuncture and moxibustion with modern science. It is an important way for cultivating students' scientific thinking and innovation. The teaching group of Experimental Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Shandong university of TCM developed the content of courses under the guidance of talent construction of "emerging medicine discipline", aiming to cultivate the talents for the upright and innovation of acupuncture and moxibustion, and being abide to the advanced teaching concepts of students' cognitive law and outcome based education. Base on teaching design, teaching mode, curriculum ideological and political development, and teaching evaluation, a series of new measures have been implemented, e.g. "two-line, three-stage and eight-step measures", "six dimensions and five combinations" and "five combinations and three measure gauges". Through practice and exploration, the students' satisfaction, the innovation and creativity, and teaching ability of teachers have been enhanced. These reforms could provide the new approach to the development of the first-class courses related to traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To evaluate clinical effect and safety on the basis of detecting the specific response of jing -well point in treatment of intractable insomnia with acupuncture by meridian differentiation., Methods: Sixty-four patients with intractable insomnia were randomized into an observation group (32 cases, 1 case dropped out and 1 case was eliminated) and a control group (32 cases, 1 case was eliminated). In the observation group, the meridian imbalance value detected at the jing -well point was taken as the evidence so that the corresponding yuan -source and back- shu points were stimulated with acupuncture. In the control group, the routine acupuncture was operated at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), and bilateral Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenmai (BL 62) and Zhaohai (KI 6). Besides, the detection at jing -well point was performed for blindness in the control group. In the two groups, the interventions were delivered once daily, 5 times a weeks and for consecutive 4 weeks. In the two groups, the scores of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), insomnia severity index (ISI) and the TCM symptom scale were observed before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment; the clinical effect and safety were evaluated after treatment; the changes of meridian imbalance value were observed before and after treatment and the correlation analysis with the total score of PSQI was conducted., Results: After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, except the scores for hypnotic drug in the two groups and sleep disorder after 2 weeks of treatment in the control group, the scores of the other factors and the total scores of PSQI were all reduced when compared with those before treatment in the two groups ( P <0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, except the scores for hypnotic drug in the two groups and sleep disorder in the control group, the scores of the other factors and the total scores of PSQI were lower than those after 2 weeks of treatment in the two groups ( P <0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the scores for time to fall asleep, sleep efficiency and daytime dysfunction in the observation group were lower than those of the control group ( P <0.05); and after 4 weeks of treatment, except the scores for sleep disorder and hypnotic drug, the scores of the other factors and the total score of PSQI in the observation group were all lower than those of the control group ( P <0.05). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, ISI scores and the scores of TCM symptom scale decreased when compared with those before treatment ( P <0.05), and the scores of these two scales after 4 weeks of treatment were lower than those after 2 weeks of treatment ( P <0.05) in the two groups; and the scores in the observation group were lower than thoese in the control group ( P <0.05). The total effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the observation group, higher than that (90.3% [28/31]) in the control group ( P <0.05). Of 64 cases, there was only 1 case of mild hematoma in the control group; and no any other adverse events occurred. Among 64 cases, the meridians, with the imbalance frequency ≥30 times, included the pericardium meridian of hand- jueyin and the heart meridian of hand- shaoyin ; those with the imbalance frequency ≥20 times, were the kidney meridian of foot- shaoyin , the triple energizers meridian of hand- shaoyang , the gallbladder meridian of foot- shaoyang , the spleen meridian of foot- taiyin and the stomach meridian of foot- yangming . Except the lung meridian of hand- taiyin in the control group, the imbalance value of each meridian was reduced after treatment ( P <0.05, P <0.001, P <0.01), and the meridian imbalance value presented a linear positive correlation with the total score of PSQI in the two groups ., Conclusion: Meridian differentiation acupuncture based on detecting the specific response of jing -well point can significantly improve the sleep quality and reduce the related symptoms in the patients with intractable insomnia. This therapy promotes the conversion of the meridians from the imbalance to the balance and is satisfactory in its safe operation.

Early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa protein (ESAT-6) is the major virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), which can resist the clearance of MTB in bodies by inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis and autophagy reaction, thus impeding the immune defense function of the body against MTB infection. In addition, ESAT-6-induced apoptosis of macrophage and massive necrosis of innate immune cells can foster MTB proliferation and colonization, leading to systemic MTB infection. Moreover, ESAT-6 hampers the protective immune response of Th1 cells, reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and contributing to immune dysfunction, thus accelerating the course of MTB infection. During the process, the high immunogenicity of ESAT-6 can be leveraged as a dominant antigen in the development of new TB vaccines, making it a promising candidate with broad prospects for further development.

Objective: To report on a novel HLA-A allele, A*29:49, identified in a Chinese Han population by sequence based typing (SBT)., Methods: A donor from China Marrow Donor Programme (CMDP) was typed with a bi-allelic PCR-SBT kit, and no full matched result was obtained for the HLA-A locus. The novel HLA allele was verified with an allele-specific amplification SBT kit., Results: A novel HLA-A allele was identified, which has differed by one nucleotide from the closest matched allele, HLA-A*29:01:01:01, at position 368(A→T), codon 99 (TAT→TTT), resulting in an amino acid substitution (Y→F). Another allele was verified as A*02:06:01., Conclusion: A novel HLA-A allele was identified and officially named as HLA-A*29:49 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System.

Objective: To observe the effect differences between herb-partition moxibustion and starch-partition moxibustion at navel for constipation with excess syndrome., Methods: Sixty patients were randomly assigned into an herb-partition moxibustion at navel group (herbal group) and a starch-partition moxibustion at navel group (starch group), 30 cases in each one. The acupoint was Shenque (CV 8) in the two groups. The treatment was given once a week and 4 times totally. Scores for constipation degree and quality of life (PAC-QOL) were observed before and after treatment and at follow-up; clinical effects were compared between the two groups as well., Results: After treatment, the scores of constipation degree and QOL were lower than those before treatment in the herbal group ( P <0.01, P <0.05), which were better than those of the starch group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). Good effects were achieved for heat constipation (84.6%), qi constipation (77.8%) and cold constipation (87.5%) in the herbal group, and the improvements of heat constipation and qi constipation were better than corresponding results in the starch group (both P <0.05). The effective rate of the herbal group was 83.3% (25/30), and it was better than 43.3% (13/30) of the starch group. The two scores at follow-up had no statistical significances compared with those after treatment in the herbal group (both P >0.05), but superior to ones of the starch group ( P <0.01, P <0.05); the effective rate of the herbal group was 86.6% (26/30), which was better than 50.0% (15/30) of the starch group ( P <0.01)., Conclusions: Herb-partition moxibustion at navel achieves better short-term and long-term effects than starch-partition for constipation with excess syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of diffusion-weighted MRI in differentiating between benign and malignant polypoid gallbladder lesions., Methods: The study population consisted of 10 benign (5 polyps, 3 adenomyomatosis and 2 adenomas) and 13 malignant (all adenocarcinomas) polypoid gallbladder lesions treated in hospital from November 2007 to May 2014. DWI was evaluated by two observers. Qualitatively, the signal intensity of the lesions on DWI was visually evaluated and categorized as iso, high, or very high signal.Quantitatively, the ADC values of the lesions were measured from ADC maps. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney test, respectively. The cut-off values were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis., Results: Qualitative analysis revealed a statistical difference (P=0.036). In the 10 benign lesions, three were categorized as iso, 5 as high, and 2 as very high signal.Four of the 13 malignant lesions were categorized as high, and the remaining 9 were categorized as very high signal. The mean ADC value of the malignant lesions [(1.13±0.28)×10(-3) mm2/s] was significantly lower than that of benign lesions [(2.22±0.42)×10(-3) mm2/s, P<0.01]. The cut-off value between cancer and the benign lesions was 1.5×10(-3) mm2/s, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 92%, 100% and 96%, respectively., Conclusion: Diffusion-weighted MRI may be useful in differentiating between benign and malignant polypoid gallbladder lesions.

Objective: To in vitro compare the induction of extracts of Stellera chamaejasme ESC, ESC-1 and ESC-2 on NCI-H157 cell apoptotic., Method: The apoptosis rate was inspected by flow cytometry; caspase-3, 8, 9 activities was measured by spectrophotometry. Fas, Fas-L, TNF-alpha, Trail-R, Cyto-C, Smac/diablo protein expressions of apoptosis pathway was observed by Elisa method., Result: Compared with the control group, ESC, ESC-1, ESC-2 can significantly improve the apoptosis rate of NCI-H157 cell. ESC significantly improved cells caspase-3, 8 activity, ESC-2 can significantly improve the activity of caspase-3, 8, 9. ESC, ESC-1, ESC-2 significantly increased Fas expression and ESC significantly increased Fas/Fas-L ratio. ESC, ESC-1, ESC-2 significantly increased TNF-alpha protein expression. ESC-1 significantly lowered TRAIL-R expression. ESC, ESC-1, ESC-2 had no significant effect on Cyto-C. ESC-1, ESC-2 significantly reduced Smac protein expression., Conclusion: The apoptotic effect induced by ESCs may be related to the regulation of death receptor pathway proteins. Induction mechanisms of ESCs were so complicated that it may have a two-way regulatory effect. Its induction in apoptosis is a result from comprehensive regulation and control.

Objective: To study the scientific theory on detoxification (attenuation) of Stellera chamaejasme (ScL) by processing and the impact on drug effect of ScL before and after being processed with vinegar., Method: The difference in ingredients of ScL before and after being processed vinegar was compared by using PHLC-MS technique. A subcutaneously transplanted tumor model of H22 hepatoma was established to compare the lethal effect and weight change between tumor-loaded mice and normal mice. After consecutive oral administration in tumor-loaded mice, the impacts on tumors and immune organs were compared before and after being processed with vinegar. Luciferase Report Gene was employed to investigate the target genes TGF-beta, AP1 and NF-kappaB., Result: The LD50 (median fatal dose) of extract Zp1102 exhibited higher than that of the processed one Zp1103, that is 9. 89 g x kg(-1) vs. 16.85 g x kg(-1). According to the test, Zp1102 showed more effective anti-tumor activities in vivo than that of Zp1103 in a same dosage, with the tumor inhibitory rate 36.24% (P < 0.01) at the dosage of2 g x kg(-1) and 34.40% (P < 0.05) at the dosage of 1 g x kg(-1). At the dosage of 1 g x kg(-1), Zp1102 showed a tumor inhibitory rate of 34.52% (P < 0.05), much higher from 21.55% in Zp1103. Both Zp1102 and Zp1103 had basically no impact on the report gene NF-kappaB, besides that Zp1102 up-regulated the report gene after increase in NF-kappaB concentration and down-regulated TGF-beta, but Zp1103 can only up-regulate NF-kappaB expression without any impact on TGF-beta., Conclusion: Processed ScL extracts show less toxic than unprocessed extracts and slight reduction in anti-tumor activity, which may be related to the regulation of transforming growth factor TGF-beta.