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Objective: Uncertainty assessment of the content of synthetic capsaicin, natural capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in edible oils and fats by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was carried out, and the sources of uncertainty and the key factors affecting the test results were analyzed, so as to improve the accuracy of test results. Methods: To establish a mathematical model for the uncertainty of the content of synthetic capsaicin, natural capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in edible oils and fats, to analyze the factors that may introduce uncertainty in the detection process, and to evaluate each uncertainty component. Results: The contents of synthetic capsaicin, natural capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in edible oil were （0.250±0.032）, （0.123±0.015）, （0.130±0.014） μg/kg, k=2. Conclusion: This uncertainty is mainly derived from the linear fitting of the standard curve and the uncertainty introduced by the analysis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of interferon γ - releasing test combined with cytokine test in bacterial-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, and we provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The levels of interferon γ, IL-1RA, IL-2, IP-10 and MCP-1 in 61 patients with bacterial negative pulmonary tuberculosis, 65 patients with pneumonia and 50 patients with control group were detected by ELISA, the data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 software. Results The positive rate of IGRA was 96.7% (59/61) in bacterial negative tuberculosis group, 66.2% (43/65) in pneumonia group, and 2.0% (1/50) in control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in age, IGRAs positive rate between male and female in bacterial negative tuberculosis group, pneumonia group and control group (P>0.05). The levels of IL-1RA, IL-2, IP-10 and MCP-1 in bacterial-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group and control group, pneumonia group and control group were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of MCP-1 in the pulmonary tuberculosis group and the pneumonia group were significant difference (P<0.05). And IL-2, IP-10 and IL-1RA were no significant difference (P>0.05). The sensitivity of "IGRAs-IL-1RA-IL-2-IP-10-MCP-1" was 86.9%, and the specificity of "IGRAs+IL-1RA+IL-2+IP-10+ MCP-1" was 88.5%, higher than 77.0% IGRAs and 62.3% IL-2, respectively. Conclusions The positive rate of IGRAs in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group was significantly higher than that in pneumonia group and control group; Age and gender were not independent influencing factors for the occurrence of IGRAs positive rate. IL-1RA, IL-2, IP-10 and MCP-1 may have some value in the differential diagnosis of bacterial negative pulmonary tuberculosis group and pneumonia group, pneumonia group and control group, MCP-1 may be a new biomarker; IGRAs combined with cytokines can improve the diagnostic value of bacterial-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to properly understand the physiological characteristics of children and apply principles of recuperative medical care, chun-yang is textually studied from etymology and the original intention of Taoism. Etymologically, both chun and yang have their original meaning and derived meanings. Chun involves tiny, pure and powerful meanings, while yang is about ferventness, quickness and activity. In Taoist internal elixir, chun-yang has 3 meanings, including the boundary between fairyland and earth, congenital yin and yang, and virginity. However, chun-yang is not powerful yang or pure yang. Children's chun-yang is firstly seen in Luxin King, which is indeed influenced by Taoism. The view of chun-yang equaling to powerful yang conflates the original and derived meanings of chun and yang, which is also a misunderstanding of Taoist chun-yang. There are two aspects of chun-yang theory in Taoism: jeune yang and energetic yang. In this regard, children's chun-yang should also have the dual meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L0 Side Mura is the common defect of TFT-LCD. After analyzing the stress status of panel surrounding area, the root cause can be revealed. It can be found that the stress distribution of glass substrate is quite uneven during cell assembly process, and this induced the deformation under the influence of smaller resultant force in local area, then caused cell gap fluctuating around the panel and generate defect. To solve this issue, dummy seal open mode was applied to make differential pressure between inside and outside the main seal on both sides into balance, which reduced the failure rate slightly lower. Nevertheless, the incidence of L0 Side Mura can be effectively reduced to 0. 3% by improving dummy seal process to solve the problem of mechanics imbalance in certain. Furthermore, it will be avoided in development stage of new product through optimizing design scheme around Panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normalizing the decision matrix is an important procedure in the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The five well known normalization methods are investigated in this paper, including vector normalization method, max-min method, max/min method, sum method and exponent transformation method. Those methods were compared in terms of their ranking consistency index (RCI) when used with TOPSIS to solve the general multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problem with various problem sizes and data ranges. The higher the RCI is, the better normalization method. The results show that, among the five normalization methods, the vector normalization method is the best one for TOPSIS. It could deal with the general multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problems with various problem sizes, data ranges and attribute types effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trust in the supply chain based on RFID is the premise of the adoption of RFID in SCM. Besides the normal trust risks in supply chain, the risks of the adoption of RFID technology, the breach of the contract of business integration and information integration as well as the abnormal leakage of information exist in supply chain based on RFID technology. Therefore, the trust system of supply chain can be built from the perspectives of social trust, organizational trust and the electronic data interchange trust. The relative mechanisms of technology and management should be built and the relative laws and regulations should also be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the current situation and related factors of adults environmental health knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)in four cities., Methods: From March to April 2021, 1252 permanent residents in Mianyang City, Ya&apos;an City in Sichuan Province, Suzhou City and Yangzhou City in Jiangsu Province were investigated on environmental health KAP by using a self-made electronic questionnaire. Analysis of variance, multiple linear regression and Person rank correlation were used to analyze the difference of public environmental KAP level, related factors, and the correlation of knowledge, attitude and behavior scores., Results: There were significant differences in the level of environmental health KAP among people in different cities(F=47.632, P&lt;0.001), age group(F=34.676, P&lt;0.001), education level(F=49.574, P&lt;0.001), BMI(F=4.560, P=0.003), total annual family income(F=27.977, P&lt;0.001), smoking status(t=11.121, P=0.001)and ways of ingesting environmental health knowledge(F=88.405, P&lt;0.001), and except BMI, other items were the related factors of environmental health KAP. The score of environmental health attitude was higher than that of behavior and knowledge(F=154.34, P&lt;0.001). The scores of knowledge and behavior, knowledge and attitude, attitude and behavior were correlated, and the correlation coefficients were 0.667, 0.414 and 0.450 respectively(P&lt;0.01)., Conclusion: The number of ways to acquire environmental health knowledge, total annual family income, education level, age and smoking status are all related factors of the adults environmental knowledge-attitude-practice level in four cities in 2021.

This study explored whether Sagittaria sagittifolia polysaccharides(SSP) activates the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) signaling pathway to protect against liver damage jointly induced by multiple heavy metals. First, based on the proportion of dietary intake of six heavy metals in rice available in Beijing market, a heavy metal mixture was prepared for inducing mouse liver injury and HepG2 cell injury. Forty male Kunming mice were divided into five groups: control group, model group, glutathione positive control group, and low-and high-dose SSP groups, with eight mice in each group. After 30 days of intragastric administration, the liver injury in mice was observed by HE staining. In the in vitro experiment, MTT assay was conducted to detect the effects of SSP at 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg·mL~(-1) on HepG2 cell survival at different time points. The content of alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in the 48-h cell culture fluid was measured using micro-plate cultivation method, followed by the detection of the change in reactive oxygen species(ROS) content by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in cells were determined by RT-PCR, and their protein expression by Western blot. HE staining results showed that compared with the model group, the SSP administration groups exhibited significantly alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty infiltration in the liver, with better outcomes observed in the high-dose SSP group. In the in vitro MTT assay, compared with the model group, SSP at four concentrations all significantly increased the cell survival rate, decreased the ALT, AST, and ROS content(P&lt;0.05), and down-regulated Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression(P&lt;0.05). SSP significantly improves inflammatory infiltration in the liver tissue of mice exposed to a variety of heavy metals and corrects the liver fat degeneration, which may be related to its regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, reduction of ROS, and alleviation of oxidative damage.

To summarize and analyze the current adjuvant sleep-improving Chinese medicinal health products,this study retrieved the information on health products with the sleep-improving effect published by the Department of Special Food Safety Supervision and Management,State Administration for Market Regulation( SMAR),which was statistically analyzed with Microsoft Excel and TCMISS for the characteristics of formulations. A total of 435 sleep-improving health products were collected,including 344 ones containing Chinese herbal medicines. Among them,413 health products were not suitable for adolescents,neither 194 for pregnant women. Ten Chinese herbal medicines showed a frequency of use ≥40,with 1 095 times( 73. 1%) in use. Through unsupervised hierarchical entropy-based clustering of the above Chinese herbal medicines of health products( degree of support of 45 and confidence coefficient of0. 7),12 new formulas were obtained. The composition of Chinese herbal medicines was consistent with the principles of improving sleep in traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) theories,i. e.,replenishing the heart and spleen,nourishing blood,calming the nerves,nourishing Yin,reducing internal heat,communicating the heart and kidney,replenishing Qi,relieving convulsions,clearing heat,resolving phlegm,regulating the middle warmer,soothing the liver,relieving heat,and calming the heart. According to TCM theories,syndrome differentiation was performed based on the existing sleep-improving health products,followed by data mining and analysis according to the formulation regularity,aiming to provide new ideas for the development of new Chinese medicinal health products. In particular,attention should be attached to the requirements of special populations to provide a basis for follow-up studies,exert the advantages of TCM,and lay a foundation for Chinese medicinal health products to service the public.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on energy metabolism and oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Worms in three adult stages (young adult stage, egg-laying stage and peak egg-laying stage) were investigated under 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF exposure. ATP levels, ATP synthase activity in vivo, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and changes of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were detected, and worms' oxidative stress responses were also evaluated under ELF-EMF exposure. The results showed that ATP levels were significantly increased under this ELF-EMF exposure, and mitochondrial ATP synthase activity was upregulated simultaneously. In young adult stage, worms' ROS level was significantly elevated, together with upregulated TAC but with a decreased ROS-TAC score indicated by principal component analysis. ROS level and TAC of worms had no significant changes in egg-laying and peak egg-laying stages. Based on these results, we concluded that ELF-EMF can enhance worm energy metabolism and elicit oxidative stress, mainly manifesting as ATP and ROS level elevation together with ATP synthase upregulation and ROS-TAC score decrease in young adult C. elegans.

Objective: To investigate the expression of claudin-3 in colorectal carcinoma and its association with the occurrence, progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer., Methods: Forty surgical specimens of colorectal carcinoma and 22 adjacent normal tissues resected between October, 2010 and January, 2013 at Nanfang Hospital were examined for claudin-3 expression using immunohistochemistry, which was analyzed in association with the clinicopathological parameters and the survival of the patients., Results: Claudin-3 was expressed mainly on the cell membrane, and its positivity rate was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues (92.50% vs 59.09%, P<0.05). In 13 cases claudin-3 expression was detected in both the cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues with average expression scores of 4.538 and 3.269, respectively (P<0.05). In the cancer tissues, the strongly positive expression rate was significantly higher in poorly differentiated tissues (85.71%) than in well (21.43%) and moderately (36.48%) differentiated tissues (P<0.05), and was higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in those without (61.11% vs 22.72%, P<0.05). The strongly positive expression rate of claudin-3 was not correlated with the patients'age, gender, tumor location or tumor size (P>0.05). Of the 33 cancer patients followed up, 14 had a postoperative survival time no longer than 3 years and 19 had longer survival time, and their average expression scores differed significantly (4.50 vs 3.526, P<0.05)., Conclusion: Claudin-3 is over-expressed in colorectal cancer tissues, and its high expression may promote the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. Claudin-3 may serve as a molecular biomarker for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of periodontal pathogens from saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to characterize the association between the glucose status and periodontal pathogens in oral cavity., Methods: All the subjects were hypertension patients under regular care at Beijing hypertension prevention and management institute. Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 45 non-diabetic subjects (non-DM group), 80 well-controlled diabetic patients (DM-well group) and 100 poor-controlled diabetic patients (DM-poor group). DNA was extracted from the salivary deposition, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and Treponema denticola (Td) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on 16SrRNA. Prevalence and quantity of the pathogens under different glucose states were compared and logistic regression model was set to analyze the factors related to each bacterium., Results: The prevalence of Tf in DM-well group and DM-poor group was significantly lower than that of non-DM group [81% (65/80), 80% (80/100) vs 91% (41/45), P = 0.048], meanwhile the quantity of Tf was also lower than that of non-DM group [1.9(2.6), 2.1(5.3) vs 3.4(6.4)] (P > 0.05). With the worsening of glucose control, the quantity of Tf was declining (P = 0.032). However, the prevalence and the quantity of Pg, Td in 3 groups had no statistical differences (P > 0.05). After adjusting age, gender, number of missing teeth and other periodontal parameters, OR of having Tf in saliva from DM-well group and DM-poor group was 0.58 and 0.53, respectively., Conclusions: Abnormal blood glucose state may affect the colonization of Tf in oral cavity.

Objective: To apply peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in critically ill neonates who require long-term parenteral nutrition., Methods: A retrospective review of 98 critically ill neonates who had a PICC inserted and received long-term parenteral nutrition from March to December 2011 was performed., Results: The PICC insertion succeeded in 74.5% (73/98) of the cases at the first attempt. The catheter remained for an average of (19.7 +/- 2.0) days. Of the 98 cases, 92 underwent planned extubation after enteral nutrition was fully established; 10 developed complications within the follow-up period of 956 days. The PICC-associated complications occurred at a rate of 10. 5 per 1000 catheter-days, including infection (n=0), phlebitis (n=1), accidental dislodgement (n=3), catheter occlusion (n=3), and hemorrhage in puncture point (n=3)., Conclusion: PICC can be used as a safe venous access for critically ill neonates for long-term parenteral nutrition. PICC-associated complications can be reduced through improving nursing skills, especially for catheter-related infection.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease in women of reproductive age, and the obesity and insulin resistance are considered to be the key link in the pathophysiological process of PCOS of obesity type. Adiponectin, a protein hormone, is closely related to insulin resistance and obesity, which has been being researched extensively in recent years. The authors of the present article review the pathogenesis of PCOS of obesity type from the relationship between adiponectin and obesity, and between adiponectin and insulin resistance, separately. In particular, the authors review studies on the underlying mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion interventions in regulating adiponectin level briefly. The authors think of that acupuncture and moxibustion interventions induced increase of adiponectin level is possibly to improve insulin resistance in obesity and/or PCOS patients, hoping to provide a new target for clinical treatment of PCOS.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and clinical features of food allergy in children aged 0 - 2 years., Method: From January to February, 2009 and January to May, 2010, all well-infants and young children between the age of 0 and 2 years attending routine health visits at the Department of Primary Child Care, in Chongqing, Zhuhai and Hangzhou were invited to participate in the study. Parents completed questionnaires and all children were skin prick tested (SPT) to a panel of 10 foods (egg white, egg yolk, cow's milk, soybean, peanut, wheat, fish, shrimp, orange and carrot). Based on the results of SPT and medical history, the subjects under went the suspected food elimination and oral food challenge under medical supervision. Food allergy was confirmed by the food challenge test., Result: Totally 1687 children were recruited by the consent of their parents. Of 1687 children approached, 1604 (550 of Chongqing, 573 of Zhuhai and 481 of Hangzhou) fulfilled the study criteria for diagnosing food allergy. One hundred children were confirmed to have challenge-proven food allergy in 3 cities (40 of Chongqing, 33 of Zhuhai and 27 of Hangzhou). The prevalence of food allergy in 0-2 years old children in Chongqing was 7.3%, in Zhuhai was 5.8% and in Hangzhou was 5.5%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of food allergy in children under 2 years among the three cities, and the average prevalence for food allergy in children under 2 years was 6.2%. Egg (3.0% - 4.4%) was the most common allergen, followed by cow's milk (0.83% - 3.5%), shrimp (0.17% - 0.42%) and fish (0.17% - 0.21%)., Conclusion: The prevalence of food allergy in 0 - 2 years old children in China was 5.5% - 7.3%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of food allergy in children under 2 years of age among the three cities. Egg was the most common allergen, followed by cow's milk, shrimp and fish.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological features of back pain, spondyloarthritis (SpA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Beijing Shougang district., Methods: Set up Chinese version of questionnaire about incidence of spondyloarthropathy. Employees and retired ones were drawn out from sub-factory units by non-randomized sampling.15 357 subjects were investigated, of which 12 125 questionnaires were taken. Suspected cases were then screened with sacroiliac joint X ray and HLA-B(27) testing. 2009 assessment in ankylosing spondylitis (ASAS) criteria were used for diagnosing SpA., Results: Back pain is common with total incidence of 42.7%, and the most common pattern is mechanical pain. The incidence of SpA is 0.58% and that of AS is 0.36%, while only 28.9% AS patients had been diagnosed before and received treatment., Conclusion: The AS incidence in Shougang district is similar with the epidemiological data got from other districts of China. And knowledge of SpA and AS is needed in China.

Objective: To investigate the cough-relieving, analgesic and antibiotic effects of durian shell extract (DSE) in relieving cough and its analgesic and antibiotic effects., Methods: The effect of DSE in relieving cough was assessed in mice challenged with ammonia and SO(2) to induce coughing. The analgesic and antibiotic effects of DSE in mice were evaluated by hot plate test and twisting reaction induced by acetic acid, and by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc-agar diffusion tests, respectively., Results: Compared with the control group, the mice treated with 300 and 900 mg/kg DSE showed significantly prolonged latency with decreased number of coughing induced by ammonia and SO(2), and the effect was dose-dependent. DSE markedly prolonged the latency and decreased the twisting number of the mice induced by acetic acid without affecting the pain threshold in hot plate test. DSE produced no significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or E. coli, and showed a week inhibition against Bacillus aeruginosus., Conclusion: DSE shows obvious effect in relieving cough and produces better analgesic effect against chemical factor-induced pain than against physical agent-induced pain sensation. DSE has a moderate inhibitory effect against Bacillus aeruginosus.

In the present work, spatial character of emission spectrum was analyzed, the effect of laser energy and samples at tribute on the best detection position for the highest signal-to-noise ratio was studied, and some experimental investigations with LIBS technique to detect trace Cu in polluted soil were carried out in our laboratory. A Q-switched Nd : YAG laser operating at 1 064 nm with pulse width of 10 ns and repetition frequency of 1 Hz was utilized. The laser pulse was focused by lens with focal length of 10 cm to generate microplasmas on the surface of printed circuit board and soil samples. The sample was adjustable by vernier construction to detect the emission spectrum of the microplasmas from different position. Experiments showed that the intensity of thermal radiation and atomic radiations evolved differently while the detection position changed. It was verified that thermal radiation reduced rapidly with the distance from the center of spark increasing, while the intensity of atomic radiations increased firstly and decreased after intensity maximum was reached. The method of separating thermal radiation and atomic radiations in space brought on high signal-to-noise ratio. It was found that the best detection position was 0.75 mm off the center of the spark for soil sample while the laser energy was 40 mJ, and the distance increased with the growth of laser energy. With Cu 324.75 nm and Cu 327.39 nm as the analysis lines, the best detection position was selected to detect trace Cu pollution in soil. Internal standard method was used to determine the relation between Cu concentration and its intensity. It was concluded that the detection limit of Cu in soil was 67 mg x kg(-1), which is below the trace element thresholds for Class 2 soil defined in the Environmental Quality Standard for Soil in China. It was proven an effective way to achieve higher signal-to-noise ratio by adjusting the location of spectral measurements. This method was viable for trace Cu detection in polluted soil.

Objective: To investigate the changes of gene expression profile of rat liver tissue by cDNA microarrays., Methods: Twenty Wistar rats in control group (n = 10) and isoniazid (INH) group (n = 10) were orally administrated with normal saline and 400 mg/kg INH for 14 days, respectively. The differentially expressed genes significantly correlated with liver injury were screened and analyzed. The mechanisms of liver injury caused by INH were specifically analyzed at level of gene expression based on the biological functions of those differentially expressed genes., Results: Thirty-seven differentially expressed genes were found in the rats administrated with INH. Among them, 25 genes were up-regulated, while the other 12 genes were down-regulated. These differentially expressed genes were functionally related to the changes of CYP450-related genes, fatty acid metabolism, and protein metabolism., Conclusion: INH can cause the remarkable changes of the gene expression profiles in rat liver cells, which is important for further elucidating the mechanisms of liver injury caused by INH.

Objective: To investigate the expressions of the insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) of the livers of the male adult rats born with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR),and to find out the relationship between IUGR and insulin resistance in their adult life., Methods: The foods were available ad libitum throughout the pregnancy to the control group and the rats in the experimental group were fed 50% of the control group to build the IUGR animal model. Liver samples were collected when the male offspring grew up to 12 weeks old. The mRNA expressions of hepatic IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3K, and IGF-1 were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of hepatic IR, IRS-1, and IRS-2 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry., Results: The mRNA expressions of hepatic IR in the adult male rats with IUGR were significantly lower than control group [(0.41+/-0.06) vs (0.62+/-0.11), P<0.05]. But the expressions of hepatic IR protein were similar [(6.21+/-0.57) vs (6.69+/-0.47), P>0.05] in both groups. The mRNA and protein expressions of the hepatic IRS-1 [mRNA: (0.77+/-0.20) vs (1.32+/-0.42), P<0.05; protein: (2.15+/-0.23) vs (5.96+/-0.38), P<0.05] and IRS-2 [mRNA: (1.05+/-0.28) vs (1.48+/-0.40), P<0.05; protein: (4.33+/-0.29) vs (7.08+/-0.35), P<0.05] of the IUGR rats were reduced; there were no differences between the hepatic PI3K mRNA expressions in the 2 groups [(1.12+/-0.19) vs (1.18+/-0.24), P>0.05]. The expressions of hepatic IGF-1 mRNA of the rats with IUGR were significantly lower than those in control group [(0.55+/-0.12) vs (1.22+/-0.34), P<0.05]. There was close relation between the reduction of the expression of hepatic IGF-1 mRNA and the expression of IRS-1 mRNA (r=0.821, P<0.05) and IRS-2 mRNA(r=0.643, P<0.05) in the adult male rats with IUGR., Conclusion: The reduced expressions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 caused the lower expression of hepatic IGF-1 in the adult male rats with IUGR, which was related to the stunted growth and the insulin resistance. There were no relation of the expressions of hepatic IR and PI3K and the insulin resistance in adult male rats with IUGR.

Objective: To study the effect of rifampin (RFP) on the metabonomic profile of rat urine and its relationship with traditional toxicity evaluation of blood biochemical indicators and histopathology., Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, 50 mg/kg RFP group, and 100 mg/kg RFP group, with 12 rats in each group. Rats in each group were given intragastric infusion with a daily dose of 0, 50 mg/kg RFP, and 100 mg/kg RFP for 3, 7, and 14 days, respectively. Then 4 rats in each group were killed on the next day of administration to collect blood samples and liver sample for the determination of blood biochemical indicators and for the pathological analysis of the liver. The urine specimens over 24 hours of each rat were collected before and after each treatment until the rat was killed. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra of these urine specimens were acquired and subjected to data preprocess and principal component analyses (PCA)., Results: The level of serum total bilirubin of the rat administrated with 100 mg/(kg x d) RFP for 7 days was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). Mild hepatotoxicity to the rat, treated with RFP of higher dosage (100 mg/kg) and longer duration (14 days), was revealed by the traditional histopathological method. The metabonomic spectra of rat urine in different groups differed from each other; a trajectory bias in determination of rat urine by 1H NMR occurred depending on the administration duration. As demonstrated by 1H NMR spectra of urine in rats treated with RFP, the concentration of urinary citrate and 2-oxoglutarate decreased, along with the remarkable increase of the concentrations of urinary taurine and glucose (compared with those of the control group)., Conclusions: Being consistent with the results of traditional toxicity evaluation measurements, metabonomic method is more sensitive. The 1H-NMR metabonomic profile of the rat urine is closely related with the duration of RFP. The hepatic toxicity induced by RFP is related to the reduction of energy metabolism in tricarboxylic acid cycle and the perturbation of glucose and lipid metabolism.

Objective: To investigate the effects of maternal malnutrition on the expression of the insulin signal transduction proteins in the liver of perinatal rats., Methods: (1) The dams were semi-starvation from the first day during pregnancy to build the animal model of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). On days 15, 17, 19, 21(E15, E17, E19, E21) of gestation, the fetuses were delivered by cesarean section. The fetal rats, placenta, fetal liver and the fetal brain were weighed respectively. And the placenta weight to the body weight ratio (PWR), the liver weight to the body weight ratio (LWR), the brain weight to the body weight ratio (BWR) were calculated; The expressions of the hepatic insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), insulin receptor subtrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinse (PI3K) mRNA in the rats during perinatal period were detected by RT-PCR., Results: (1) The PWR of the IUGR fetus on E15 was lower than that in the control (P < 0.05) and beyond E17 it was gradually higher than that in the control (P < 0.05). There were no differences of the mean values of LWR between the IUGR fetus and the control. On E17 the LWR of the IUGR fetus were slowly increased (P < 0.05). The average level of BWR of the IUGR fetus during the perinatal period was significant higher (P < 0.05). (2) The expressions of hepatic IRS-1 mRNA of the IUGR fetus were similar on E15 and E17, and lower than that in the control on E19 until P1 (P < 0.05); The contents of hepatic IRS-2 mRNA of the IUGR fetus were significantly lower on E15 until P1 than that of the control(P < 0.05); There were no differences of the expressions of fetal hepatic IR mRNA and fetal hepatic PI3K mRNA between the IUGR fetus and the control(P > 0.05)., Conclusion: (1) In order to protect the development of brain, the fetus that suffered maternal malnutrition throughout the pregnancy had liver weight and body weight reduced much more than brain weight, which was known as "brain spare effects". (2) The expressions of hepatic IR mRNA and PI3K mRNA of the fetus were in normal ranges; But the expressions of the hepatic IRS-1 mRNA and IRS-2 mRNA of the IUGR fetus were decreased during the perinatal period. These may be related to the growth retardation and insulin resistance of the adult IUGR rats.

Objective: To develope the determination methods for bisphenol A in drinking water system components., Methods: 30 samples were quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)., Results: Bisphenol A was linear in the range 0-100 ng/ml and the linear correlation coefficient reached 0.9994. The minimum detection limit was 5 microg/kg. The spiked recoveries were from 90% to 99%, and the RSD were between 1.8 -5.0%. Bisphenol A was measured in nine out of thirty samples. The detected ratio was 30% and the maximum was 1.82 mg/kg., Conclusion: The method was quick, sensitive and specific.

Objective: To study the effect of different treatment period, of isoniazid (INH) on the metabonomic profile of rat urine and its relationship with traditional toxicity evaluation of blood biochemical indicators and histopathology and to explore the feasibility of metabonomics in the application of drug toxicity., Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were orally administrated with 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg x kg(-1) INH for 3, 7, and 14 days, respectively. Rat urine was then collected and its 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were acquired. All animals underwent traditional toxicity evaluation., Results: Hepatotoxicity was revealed by traditional toxicity evaluation in rats treated with higher dosage and longer treatment of INH. Time-response relationship existed during the treatment. Time-dependent metabonomics changes conformed with the results of traditional toxicity evaluation. The urine metabonomics showed a trajectory bias from those of the controls or pre-administration, and such bias exaggerated along with the prolongation of treatment, indicating a severer toxic injury. Along with the increase of the concentrations of urinary taurine and glucose and the decrease of the concentrations of urinary citrate and 2-oxoglutarate, the 1H NMR spectra of urine in rats treated with INH also changed., Conclusions: The metabonomics technique can distinguish the onset and development of toxicity, which helps track and identify biomarkers. The hepatic toxicity induced by INH is related to the injury of mitochondrial function, reduction of energy metabolism in tricarboxylic acid cycle, and perturbations in the metabolism of glucose and lipid. The effect of INH on the rat urine metabonomic profile is related with INH toxicology. Therefore, metabonomics can be recognized as an ideal technique to explore and evaluate the drug toxicities.

Objective: To investigate the expression of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in tissue and cell lines of squamous cervical carcinomas and its clinical significance, and to explore the molecular mechamisms of angiotensin II and AT1R activity in the process of cervical carcinogenesis., Methods: (1) The levels of AT1R mRNA were examined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR) in paraffin-embedded tissues from 35 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 15 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 15 cases of normal cervix, and in Siha and C33a cells. The expression of AT1R protein in 65 specimens of cervix tissue sections was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The corelation between the expressions of AT1R and its clinicopathologic features was analyzed accordingly. (2) After the Siha and C33a cells were treated at different concentrations of Angiotensin II (0, 10(-10) mol/L, 10(-9) mol/L, 10(-8) mol/L, 10(-7) mol/L, 10(-6) mol/L, 10(-5) mol/L) for different time in culture, the cell proliferation was determined by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was examined by enzyme-linked immuno-absordent assay (ELISA)., Results: (1) AT1R mRNA expression was detected in the two cervix cancer cell lines. The positive rate of ATIR mRNA was 77.1%, 40.0% and 0, respectively, in squamous cell carcinomas, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and normal cervical tissues, while their mRNA quantities were 0.3863 +/- 0.041, 0.0768 +/- 0.035 and 0, respectively. There was statistically a significant difference between them (P < 0.01). The average staining intensity of AT1R protein was stronger in invasive carcinoma cells than that in dysplasia tissues and normal ones (P < 0.01). Among 65 cases of squamous cell carcinomas, the expressions of AT1R mRNA and protein increased with pathological grading (P < 0.05), while it was neither correlated with clinical stage nor pelvic lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). The level of AT1R protein expression corresponded to that of its mRNA. (2) Angiotensin II promoted the cell growth of cervical cancer cell lines Siha and C33a and induced secretion of VEGF from cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01), and the expression of VEGF was reversed by the addition of valsatan (an antagonist of angiotensin II type 1 receptor) (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Angiotensin II is involved in the progression of cervical carcinoma, since it may increase the proliferation activity of cancer cells, induce secretion of VEGF through AT1R synchronously, and results in an increase of angiogenesis in tumors. It suggests that use of AT1R antagonists may be an useful therapeutic strategy for cervical carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the islet beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in adult male rats born intrauterine growth retardation caused by uterine placenta insufficiency., Methods: Bilateral uterine artery ligation (UAL) was performed on day 17 of gestation in the pregnant Wistar rats; sham-operated pregnant rats served as controls. The birth weights of the offspring in the UAL group were below the mean values of the birth weights of the control group more than 2SD, defined as IUGR. The tests were done in the adult male offspring (n=9 for each group). The glucose tolerance test was processed and Modified Beta-Cell function Index (MBCI) was calculated to evaluating the islet beta-cell endocrine function. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, the gold standard method to test the insulin resistance in the peripheral tissue was performed and insulin induced glucose infusion rate (GIR) was used to evaluate the insulin sensitivity., Results: (1) Though the mean birth weight of the newborn in the UAL group (4.49+/-0.56) g is much more than two standard deviations below the mean weight of that of the control group (6.16+/-0.30) g, P<0.001. The body weights of the UAL adult male offspring (382+/-37.51) g were significantly higher than those of the control group(339+/-24.06) g, P<0.01; (2) During a glucose tolerance test, the glucose levels of the UAL adult offspring [0 min, (3.96 +/-0.25) mmol/L; 30 min, (6.61+/-0.57) mmol/L; 60 min, (7.34+/-0.47) mmol/L; 120 min, (6.27+/-0.37) mmol/L] were significant higher than those of the controls [0 min, (3.56+/-0.22) mmol/L; 30 min, (5.74+/-0.32) mmol/L; 60 min, (5.89+/-0.29) mmol/L; 120 min, (3.89+/-0.25) mmol/L], P<0.05. The peak of insulin secretion is delayed and the insulin level at 120 min (84.65+/-11.79) mU/L is much higher than that of the controls (50.01+/-7.43) mU/L, P<0.05. MBCI values in the UAL adult male offspring (26.42+/-5.59) is significantly lower than those of in the control group (55.88+/-10.20), P<0.001. (3) The GIR in UAL adult offspring [16.86+/-1.59 mg/(kg . min)] is significantly lower than that of control group [20.35+/-2.38 mg/(kg . min)], P<0.05., Conclusion: The adult male rats born intrauterine growth retardation are prone to be obesity. The impaired islet beta-cell function and insulin resistance would be the risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To use haemoglobin denaturation test (HD test) as an alternative to Draize eye irritation test (Draize test)., Methods: Fourteen cosmetic ingredients were tested by HD test. The results were compared with two kinds of scores in Draize test, i.e. Maximum average Draize total score (MAS) and Score of 24 h after application (S24)., Results: The correlation coefficient between RDC50 and MAS and that between RDC50 and S24 were 0.926 and 0.921 respectively, while that between 1%lambdamax and MAS, and between 1%lambdamax and S24 were 0.881 and 0.791 respectively. The results showed that RDC50 had a higher correlation with Draize test than 1%lambdamax did, but in the use of RDC50 some information of data would be lost. On the other hand, 1%lambdamax, which had a greater correlation with corneal score in the three component scores of the Draize test, could be used for assessing water-insoluble chemicals., Conclusion: The results showed that HD test could be used as an effective alternative to Draize eye irritation test.

Objective: To establish and study the hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) as an alternative method of Draize eye irritation test (Draize test)., Methods: 14 cosmetic ingredients were tested by the Hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane score (HET-CAM score) and the chorioallantoic membrane-trypan blue staining (CAM-TB) methods., Results: Showed that compared with two kinds of scores in Draize test, i.e. Maximum average Draize total score (MAS) and score of 24 h after application (S24), the correlation coefficient between HET-CAM score and MAS or S24 was 0.847 or 0.779, while that between CAB-TB and MAS or S24 was 0.862 or 0.831 respectively. The results also showed that CAM-TB had a higher correlation with Draize test than HET-CAM score, partly because it is objective and quantitative. Also, the results showed that HET-CAM score had the greatest correlation with conjunctivae score of the three components, and so did the CAM-TB with corneal score., Conclusion: It is suggested that the two types of HET-CAM can be used in a combined manner as an effective alternative method to Draize test.

We have developed a novel silicon microchannel system for the research of the red blood cell rheology and deformation. Recurring to many kinds of information technologies and advanced test means such as the electronic microscope, the image acquisition system and the computer processing system and by using the up-to-date Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) technology, a new measuring system of red bood cell deformation is designed based on the chip and a model using the silicon microchannel to simulate capillary vessel network. It provides a real-time collection and anaysis of data which include image, speed, flow parameter, and so on. It provides printing, storage of the analysis results and patients' database management.