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To optimize the extraction process of polysaccharide form Solanum lyratum and investigate its in vitro antioxidative activity. In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of polysaccharides from Solanum lyratum. Single-factor experiments were conducted to explore the effects of three factors: Extraction temperature, extraction time, and solid-liquid ratio on the yield. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze the structure of Solanum lyratum polysaccharide, and in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were the material-liquid ratio of 1:57 g/mL, the extraction time of 58 min, and the extraction temperature of 65 ℃. Under these conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 7.54%±0.12%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the extracted polysaccharides exhibited a typical polysaccharide absorbance. Moreover, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of polysaccharides against DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals were 1.104 and 1.408 mg/mL, respectively, indicating significant in vitro antioxidant activity. The results of this study provided a theoretical foundation for the further development and utilization of Solanum lyratum polysaccharides.

To compare and analyze the medicinal quality of garlic, a garlic medicinal quality evaluation system was established. Moisture, ash, water-soluble extract, diallyl trisulfide content, alliin content, allicin content and alliinase activity were screened out as indicators to analyze the medicinal quality of garlic from 11 regions, including Minle, Pizhou, Jinxiang, Zhengzhou, Wuxi, Qiemo, Baicheng, Zhongmachang, Hutou, Dayou and Xindi. The correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed to determine the quality of garlic in different regions. The results showed that all the above-mentioned indicators of garlic from different regions had significant differences. The correlation analysis showed that alliinase activity had an extremely significant and positive correlation with moisture (P

This study was performed in order to explore the correlation between the monosaccharide composition and hypoglycemic activity of Berberi dasystachya polysaccharides (BDPs). BDPs were extracted with hot water from B. dasystachya fruit from five regions of Qinghai province (I–V). The chemical compositions and primary structures of BDPs were determined, and their in vitro hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in terms of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, and their protective effect against apoptosis induced by glucolipotoxicity (GLTy) in RIN-m5F cells was assessed. The results showed that BDPs were heteropolysaccharides connected by β-glycosidic bonds that had apyranose backbone without a triple-helix conformation, and exhibited excellent thermal stability at temperatures below 200 ℃. In addition, the monosaccharide composition and molecular mass of BDPs varied significantly depending on geographical origin. BDP-I showed good hypoglycemic activity in vitro, and the inhibitory rate of BDP-I on α-amylase was as high as 67.41% (P < 0.05). BDPs exhibited good protective effects on GLTY-induced apoptosis in RIN-m5F cells, and BDP-I had the best cell proliferation-promoting activity, which effectively decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Finally, correlation analysis showed that monosaccharides such as glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha) exhibited a strongly positive correlation with hypoglycemic activity in vitro, and there was a strongly negative correlation between mannose (Man) and ROS levels. This study provides a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of B. dasystachya Maxim. berry in terms of hypoglycemic activity.