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The bay ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining energy flow, material circulation, community stability and ecosystem balance. In the present study, the comprehensive evaluation model for marine ecosystem of Laizhou Bay was established by using index system method, in which, five indicators were selected including water environment, sedimentary environment, marine community, primary productivity and ecological disaster indexes. The relative importance and weight of the evaluation indexes were determined combined using analytic hierarchy process and experts consultation method. By analyzing the survey data obtained, this assessment system was applied to assess and compare the health level of Laizhou Bay in recent ten years. Results showed that the condition of Laizhou Bay was always being sub-health, the main indicators that had given adverse impact on the health level of Laizhou Bay included inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, petroleum hydrocarbon, plankton species and benthic biomass. The results of evaluation model were more sensitive to Laizhou Bay, which could identify the adverse effects of extreme events such as oil spills and typhoons, therefore, the use of interval index and environmental admissible value could avoid disadvantage concealment, information omissions and the overestimation of limit value-based assessment method effectively.

Based on the processing and analysis of the fixed-point horizontal deformation data across the fault in the middle and southern part of the Tan-Lu fault zone in recent 20 years, this paper preliminarily analyzes the vertical deformation characteristics of the middle and southern section of the Tan-Lu fault. The research shows that the overall activity level of the middle and southern part of the Tan-Lu fault zone is not high, and the average combining rate is 0.19 mm/a. However, it has obvious characteristics of time-sharing activities: from 2000 to 2010, the activity in Huaibai-Suqian section was large, while the activity in Xinyi-Linyi section was relatively small. There was a relatively closed section between Suqian and Xinyi; The overall activity rate has decreased from 2011 to 2019, but the activity rate of Anqiu station has increased significantly compared with that of 2000 to 2011. There is a certain correspondence between the activitycharacteristics of the fault zone and the seismicity of the region in the past 20 years.

Objective To investigate the expression heterogeneity of transforming growth factor⁃β⁃induced protein (TGFBI) in glioblastoma (GBM) multiform and the mechanism of its promotion on malignancy of glioma stem cells (GSCs) in vitro. Methods Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), REMBRANDT and Oncomine database to analyse the potential associations between grades, subtypes, overall survival (OS) of GBM and the expression level of TGFBI and the correlation between TGFBI and tumor⁃associated macrophages (TAMs) marker CD11b and CD163. Treating human monocytes cell line U937 with sequential peripheral blood mononuclear cells and IL⁃4 to get Primed⁃and M2⁃TAMs, quantitative real⁃time polymerase chain reaction (qRT⁃PCR) were used to detect the expression level of markers for M1 ⁃, M2 ⁃ TAMs and TGFBI. Performing immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical stain to reveal the distribution of TGFBI, M2⁃TAMs and GSCs in specimen of GBM patients, adding rhTGFBI to the culture medium to see its impacts on the sphere formation and invasion capacity of NCH⁃421K. Results According to the RNA⁃seq and microarray data of GBM patients in each database, expression level of TGFBI positively correlated to GBM grades and negatively to OS, Futhermore, expression level of TGFBI were strongly correlate with either pan TAMs marker CD11b or M2⁃TAMs marker CD163, and as the induction of U937⁃derived M2⁃TAMs, the expression level of M2⁃TAMs marker and TGFBI increased accompanied by decreasingly M1⁃TAMs marker. Also, we found an obvious co⁃location between TGFBI and CD163, SOX2 in frozen and paraffin sections of GBM specimens. Lastly, we demonstrate that rhTGF86BI could enhance the sphere formation and invasion capacity of NCH⁃421K in vitro. Conclusions M2⁃TAMs secrete TGFBI to promote the sphere formation and invasion capacity of GSCs in GBM. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2019.12.006

This paper investigates Søren Kierkegaard's concept of the self in his subjective thought, along with its implications for spiritual education. First of all, I argue that spirituality plays an essential role in life education. Apart from the meaning of spirit and spirituality, the development of spiritual education reveals that spiritual thought is unique and sacred. Second, by interpreting Kierkegaard's ideas on the self and subjectivity, this paper points out his vision of spirtuality and the meaning of a human being as a subjective existence. Third, this paper explores Kierkegaard's reflections on subjectivity in relation to the self, others and transcendence. Hence, the aim of this paper is to utilize Kierkegaard's existential thought of selfhood to spiritual education in Taiwan, providing a richer and more comprehensive perspective on spirituality. It concludes by expecting students to become spiritual subjects and lifelong learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the efficacy of occipital artery (OA)-posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) bypass for the treatment of vertebral aneurysms involving PICA. Methods and Results A total of 6 patients with vertebral aneurysms involving PICA treated by OA-PICA bypass in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Complications were recorded and outcomes were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). OA-PICA bypass was successfully performed in 6 patients and bypass patency was confirmed by intraoperative indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). OA-PICA bypass and surgical trapping were performed in the same session in one patient (Case 4). Elective endovascular trapping was applied after bypass in 3 cases (Case 1, Case 3, Case 5). Elective stent implantation was conducted in one patient (Case 2) after the bypass surgery. One patient (Case 6) died of aneurysm rehemorrhage 10 h after OA-PICA bypass. No complications were observed during the hospitalization in the remaining 5 patients. Bypass patency was achieved in a mean follow-up time of 37 months and outcome was favorable (mRS was 1, for all) one year after the final surgery. Conclusions OA-PICA bypass is an effective method for the treatment of PICA-involved vertebral aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is on the public art project of "Living Humanity," supervised by the Department of Urban Development, Taipei City Government and organized by the Dimension Endowment of Art. It has been launched in five social housing complexes in Taipei. This project invited 21 groups of artists to explore the urban texture and landscape changes of Songshan, Wenshan, Wanhua and Nangang district, and to reflect on the connotation of "residential ethics" that includes "environmental ethics," "public ethics," "communicative ethics" and "life ethics." They explore the meanings of dignity, basic human rights, and generational continuity from the root of life. The possibility of mutual assistance and growth spanning the neighboring communities is stressed. And they also discuss the values of fairness and justice involved in the private/public domains and a sustainable outlook on residential environment and resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exchange of by-product is the basic unit of by-product exchange network. It has great significance to the recycling use. In this paper, a waste chain, which was made up of a single enterprize generating by-products and a single enterprize utilizing them, was analyzed with the virgin materials physical market and contract market, and no need preference between the new products and the products made by by-products. Firstly, the variance expected utility function was used to determine the optimal product contract units. Then, a trading model of two markets (contract market and physical market) was established, with the relation between the contract units and physical units. And the economic conditions for contract transactions were discussed. At last, a case was provided to validate the model, in order to offer a theoretical basis for the enterprizes, which exchanges by-products, to make their production decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the mid-term clinical effect of arthroscopic surgery versus conservative treatment on the middle aged early knee osteoarthritis (EKOA) patients, with the hope to provide clinical evidence for their individual therapy., Methods: A total of 145 middle aged EKOA patients(182 knees) who received arthroscopic surgery or conservative treatment from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively enrolled, including 35 males and 110 females, aged from 47 to 79 years old with an average of (57.6±6.9) years old, and the duration of disease ranged from 6 to 48 months with an average of(14.6±8.9) months. According to treatment method, patients were divided into arthroscopic surgery group (47 patients, 58 knees) and conservative treatment group(98 patients, 124 knees). Before treatment, patients presented with symptoms of knee joint, such as pain, swelling, locking, limited flexion and extension, and weakness, as well as abnormal findings in knee X-ray (without or suspicious joint space narrow, and a few of osteophyte formation) or in knee MRI (injury or degeneration of articular cartilage or meniscus, loose body in the joint cavity and synovial hyperemia edema, etc). Related data were collected, including duration of knee symptoms, presence of meniscus injury, loose body in the joint cavity or mechanical symptoms such as locking, and visual analogue scale (VAS) and Lysholm knee function score before treatment and at the latest follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences in VAS or Lyshilm score before or after treatment between the low groups and within each group., Results: Patients in the two groups were followed up from 60 to 76 months. In the arthroscopic surgery group, the incision healing was good and no surgical complications occurred. There were no significant differences in age, gender, BMI and follow-up time between the two groups( P >0.05). Before treatment, compared with conservative group, duration of symptoms in the arthroscopic group was longer ( P <0.001), comorbidity rates of meniscus injury ( P <0.001), free body ( P =0.001) and mechanical symptoms ( P <0.001) were higher, VAS ( P <0.001) and Lysholm score ( P <0.001) were worse. At the final follow-up, VAS and Lysholm score in either the conservative group or the arthroscopic group were significantly better than before treatment ( P <0.05), while no significant differences between the two groups were found. The VAS was (1.5±1.2) scores in the arthroscopic group and (1.6±1.0)scores in the conservative group( P =0.549), and the Lysholm score was (84.9±12.5) scores in the arthroscopic group and (84.2±9.9) scores in the conservative group ( P =0.676)., Conclusion: Both arthroscopic surgery and conservative treatment have satisfactory intermediate clinical effect middle- aged patients with EKOA, without statistically differences. However, most of the patients before surgery in the arthroscopic treatment group had mechanical locking symptoms caused by meniscus injury or loose body. Therefore, for the middle-aged EKOA patients with mechanical locking symptoms or without obtaining satisfactory outcome after conservative treatment, arthroscopic surgery may be considered.

Objective: To explore the effects and related mechanisms of total flavone of epimedium treatment(TFE)on primary callus for mation in ovariectomized rats., Methods: Forty male SD rats weighted from 209 to 246 g and aged 6 to 8 weeks were selected. Six weeks after ovariectomy a femur fracture model with middiaphyseal segment fracture was established, estimated and randomly divided into TFE group (150 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) and control group(received saline). HE staining was used to evaluate the morphologic difference of primary callus during the bone callus healing between these two groups. The relative expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2) mRNA in the callus was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical technique was used to observe the Casein kinase 2-interacting protein 1(CKIP-1) protein level in the callus of the two groups. Maximum fracture load was tested by three point bend test., Results: The BMD, primary callus volume, trabecular member(Tb.N) and trabecular thickness(Tb.Th) were higher in TFE group than that in control group( P <0.001). The Tb.N and Tb.Th of primary callus were higher in TFE group than control group ( P =0.001). The volume and bone volume/tissue volume of primary callus were in TFE group than control group( P <0.01). The trabecular separation(Tb.Sp) of primary callus were in control group higher than TFE group( P <0.01). The HE staining of the 6 week slices showed that the degree of cartilage ossification in callus of the TFE group was significantly higher than that in control group under high magnification. Real-time PCR revealed that the comparative expression of Runx2 mRNA in control group was higher than that in TFE group( P <0.001); the positive number of CKIP-1 was less in TFE group than that in control group ( P <0.001). TFE could increase the maximum load of the primary callus ( P <0.001)., Conclusions: TFE can promote the cartiage ossification of callus in ovariectomized rats, enhancing the bone strength and bone quality in the process of fracture healing via the CKIP-1/Runx2 pathway., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.