Search

In the process of coal mining, accidents such as water inrush in mines can not only cause huge economic losses, but also seriously threaten the safety of workers. Hydrogeological parameters play an important role in calculating the amount of water inflow in mines. Therefore, accurately measuring the hydrogeological parameters of aquifers is of great significance for coal mine water prevention and control work. In order to obtain more practical hydrogeological parameters of the thick sandstone aquifer in the Luohe Formation of the mining area roof, based on the pumping test data of the upper and lower sections of the Luohe Formation sandstone aquifer in Xinzhuang Coal Mine, traditional analytical methods such as Theis formula method, Jacob line diagram method, and water level restoration method for unstable flow were used, and combined with the actual site characteristics, the upper and lower sections of the Luohe Formation sandstone aquifer were calculated The permeability coefficients of the lower section are 0.22～0.59 and 0.03～0.35 m/d respectively; The upper section has a hydraulic conductivity coefficient of 128.74-373.67 m2/d, while the lower section has a conductivity coefficient of 5.52-47.07 m2/d; The water storage coefficient of the upper section is 2.22×10−4-6.69×10−3, the lower paragraph is 6.53× 10−5-3.29×10−3. And a numerical model of groundwater flow in the Xinzhuang mining area was established using FEFLOW software to solve the hydrogeological parameters of the Luohe Formation aquifer. The permeability coefficients of the upper and lower sections of the Luohe Formation were obtained to be 0.55 and 0.45m/d, respectively. By comparing and analyzing various methods, it is shown that the hydrogeological parameters obtained through numerical simulation are similar to the results calculated by various analytical methods. On this basis, the mine water inflow was calculated based on the hydrogeological parameters obtained by various methods, and compared with the actual water inflow. The results showed that in the upper section of the aquifer, the hydrogeological parameters calculated using numerical simulation method were closer to the actual water inflow; In the lower section of the Luohe Formation, the hydrogeological parameters calculated using Jacob's line diagram method are closer to the actual water inflow. This further improves the accuracy of hydrogeological parameter calculation, providing a basis for later research on aquifer water abundance, prediction of mine water inflow, and mine water prevention and control work in similar mining areas with thick sandstone aquifers in the Luohe Formation.

The application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in wound repair is progressively garnering attention. However, certain patients, owing to relative or absolute contraindications, encounter impediments in the acquisition or application of autologous PRP. The utilization of homologous allogeneic PRP, sourced through rigorous donor selection and standardized preparation methodologies, as a substitute for autologous PRP, may hold favorable implications for such individuals. This article endeavors to succinctly delineate and forecast the mechanisms, advantages, limitations, efficacy and safety of allogeneic PRP in the context of wound healing, furnishing a foundation for its implementation in wound repair.

Microwave Photonic (MWP) radars have remarkably improved traditional microwave radar hardware architectures using photonics devices. With the exceptional physical properties of photonic devices, MWP radars can emit ultra-wideband, high-linearity, high-quality linear frequency modulation signals, allowing ultra-high-resolution target imaging and detection. Different target regions exhibit distinct responses to different frequency signals during target imaging and detection due to their diverse structures and characteristics. Therefore, MWP radars have the potential to generate pseudo-color images based on scattering differences, further enhancing the information retrieval capability of MWP Synthetic Aperture Radar (MWP-SAR). Pseudo-color images generated using traditional remote sensing techniques cannot achieve centimeter-level resolution. Therefore, we propose a method for generating pseudo-color images while maintaining the resolution of MWP-SAR. The algorithm first determines an optimal sub-band echo search model and subsequently employs the optimal sub-band search algorithm to process the ultra-wideband echoes to obtain sub-band echo channels with the largest scattering characteristic differences. The multi-sub-band images are then color-composited to generate pseudo-color images that best describe the target scattering characteristics. However, to ensure the high resolution of MWP-SAR, a fusion model is established to combine the full-resolution SAR image with the multi-sub-band image. Finally, full-resolution pseudo-color images are successfully synthesized using the measured airborne MWP-SAR data, validating the effectiveness of the algorithm. This algorithm enables MWP-SAR to obtain more target information during imaging, offering assistance in implementing imaging radar and microwave vision.

For the requirements of real-time services in autonomous driving systems, such as high-definition (HD) maps, based on the integration of sensing, communication, and computing, a multi-node cooperative sensing mechanism was proposed with the age of information (AoI) as the real-time indicator.Considering the constraints on communication and computing resources and vehicle energy consumption, the information collection, transmission and processing of sensing nodes were optimally scheduled to minimize the AoI averaged over time.A Lyapunov-based online scheduling algorithm was proposed to transform the long-term stochastic optimization problem into an online optimization problem, which could be solved with low complexity.Compared with the existing mechanism considering integrated communication and computing, the proposed mechanism can improve real-time performance by 9%～50%.

In recent years, the Ordos Basin has undergone a reevaluation, transitioning from a perception of a single block to a focus on understanding the influence of multiple stages and fault systems on hydrocarbon accumulation. This study utilizes the latest 3D seismic and drilling data alongside a theoretical model of strike-slip fault to analyze fault geometry and kinematics in the Xunyi-Yijun area of the basin's southern region. The mechanisms of fault formation are predicted and the related impacts on the formation and accumulation of deep carbonate rocks are also discussed. The results indicate the presence of three fault systems in the Xunyi-Yijun area, with decoupling between deep and shallow layers. The Lower Paleozoic strike-slip faults exhibit distinct characteristics, including high vertical structure, dip swing, and a "flower-shaped" structure in the section. The faults display "compression shear in the northwest, tension shear in the center, and segmental deformation on trunk fractures" on their planes.Moreover, the Lower Paleozoic strike-slip faults experienced two stages of tectonic activities with greater intensity observed from the Late Ordovician to the Silurian, marking the primary period of fault development. The activity intensity during the Middle to Late Permian was relatively weaker, with faults exhibiting inherited strike-slip characteristics. These faults formed two groups, one with a NE strike and the other with a NW strike. Additionally, during the second stage of the Caledonian period, ocean subduction and closure lead to stress being transferred to the basin interior. It is believed that the NE and NW strike basement weak zones existed in the southern Ordos Basin. As a result, the Lower Paleozoic strike-slip fault system likely formed due to the activation of oblique compression. This fault system has the potential to enhance the physical properties of deep carbonate reservoirs and create high-quality karst or tectonic fracture reservoirs in the Xunyi-Yijun area. Moreover, The formation of the "upper source and lower reservoir-lateral source and lateral reservoir" combination along the strike-slip fault belt is an area of interest for deep oil and gas exploration in the Xunyi-Yijun region.

The fern genus Microlepia is a natural fern group, while large morphological differences of this genus lead to some classification controversies. The leaf epidermal micromorphology of 18 species (include 3 varieties) of Microlepia was observed and compared under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hairs were on the veins of the upper and lower epidermis. The form of epidermal cells was irregular, with the anticlinal walls sinuous or sinuate. The stomatal apparatus of all species were restricted to abaxial epidermises and generally could be described as polocytic and axillocytic type, and copolocytic, coaxillocytic, aisocytic and anomotetracytic type only appears in a few species. The similarity of the micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis support that the genus Microlepia is a monophyletic group in Dentaedtiaceae. The hairs characteristics between veins of the leaves support that M. calvescens, M. marginata var. villosa and M. marginata var. bipinnata should be treated as a variety of M. marginata. Under SEM, the cuticle of the upper epidermis was mostly ridged, and most of them had filiform ornamentation. The characteristics of leaf cuticle ornamentation were correlated with pinnate compound leaves. The inner margin of the outer stomatal rim was often smooth, sinuous or odontoid. “T” sharp, upright outer stomatal rims occurred in most species, and outer stomatal ledge was mostly depressed. The differences among the leaf micromorphology of these species were shown, which provides references for the classification, evolution and system location of Microlepia.

The black rock series contains energy resources such as oil and gas, coal, shale gas, and various solid resources such as iron, manganese, phosphorus, and barium. The restoration of sedimentary reservoir formation and sedimentary mineralization conditions is the cornerstone of resource prediction, and the restoration of ancient sedimentary environments and synsedimentary tectonics has therefore received additional attention. There are a large number of nodules in the black rock series in the border area of Guizhou and Hunan, and the nodules have sealing properties on the original records. Therefore, based on the observation of exposed profiles in the field and laboratory microscopic analysis, and through the integrated analysis of sedimentation and tectonic processes, it is found that there are significant differences in mineral composition and textural types among nodules in different layers: (1) The nodules of Upper Sinian Series-Cambrian Terreneuvian Series Liuchapo Formation (Z€l) are an assemblage of multi-components such as barite, calcium, phosphorus, and silicon, with texture of gravel or sand fragments. The cementation temperature of the two nodule layers is different, and the one directly covering the barite ore is relatively higher; (2) The nodules of Cambrian Series 2 Palang Formation(€2p) are mainly composed of pyrite and three stages of growth structure are developed: the core layer shows a framboidal texture, and the outerside two layers show a nephritic shape; (3) The nodule components of Cambrian Series 2 Wuxun Formation (€2w) are calcium and pyrite, of which calcium is dominated, with scattered pyrite. There are four stages of growth structures, with relatively higher content of pyrite in the first and third stages. Different paleose-dimentary environmental conditions and synsedimentary tectonic activity information can be decoded from nodules at different layers: (1) The barite bearing nodules in the Liuchapo Formation belong to low-temperature hydrothermal origin, and the reduction environment is limited near the fault zone; (2) The pyrite nodules in the Palang Formation are formed near the redox interface, and the environment has medium conditions of high concentration of active iron; (3) The calcareous and pyrite nodules of the Wuxun Formation were formed in a periodic reducing environment of low concentration iron, which is speculated to be caused by frequent relative sea level fluctuation caused by episodic subsidence of the basement, leading to frequent changes in the redox properties of the water medium. Therefore, the study of nodules helps to reconstruct the medium conditions of black rock series and is of great significance for resource prediction.

In order to solve the serious problems of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ in underground water of mining area, the serpentine loaded hydroxy-apatite (Srp/HAP) composite adsorbent was prepared by wet chemical coprecipitation method, and the simultaneous removal of fluorine, iron and manganese in underground water was studied. Through batch experiment and CCD response optimization experiment, the effects of dosage, reaction time and pH on the removal efficiency of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ were investigated, and a quadratic regression model with the removal rates of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ as response values was established. Srp/HAP adsorption and regeneration experiments were carried out to explore its reusability. The results show that the optimal reaction conditions of Srp/HAP treatment of complex water samples with mass concentrations of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ of 5 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 5 mg/L respectively are as follows: When 3.64 g/L water sample was added, the reaction time was 120.47 min and the pH value was 6.3, the corresponding removal rates of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ were 98.23%, 99.9% and 99.7% respectively. The effluent shall meet the requirements of the 《Standards for drinking water quality》(GB5749—2006).The adsorption process of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ by Srp/HAP was well fitted by the CCD optimized experimental model. The absolute error between the predicted value and the experimental value is less than 5%, which proves that the experimental model is reliable. After five times of regeneration, the removal rates of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ by Srp/HAP composite particles decreased by 16.13%, 10.5% and 15.4%, respectively, less than 20%. Srp/HAP composite particles can be used as an excellent adsorbent for the treatment of groundwater containing fluoride, iron and manganese ions.

6G will evolve to an intelligent network, featured by native intelligence and openness.The study of standardization of intelligent network emphasizes the importance of intent-driven network for network intelligence.However, current intent-based networking takes the intent as “What to do” rather than “What you want”.Moreover, current knowledge defined network (KDN) can partially fulfill “How to configure the network” according to “What to do”.Therefore, a 6G native intelligent network architecture based on the intent abstraction and knowledge was proposed, aiming to achieve“How to configure the network” according to “What you want”.Firstly, an intent abstraction module was designed to obtain “What to do” from “What you want”, composed of intent acquisition, intent translation, intent mapping, and intent modeling.Secondly, the cognitive module was proposed to achieve “How to configure the network” according to “What to do”, which got network knowledge through joint optimization of machine learning and logical reasoning.Finally, enabling key technologies such as intent mapping, network information measurement, network policy generation, and network policy verification were introduced to support the implementation of 6G native intelligence.

In order to discuss the future development trend of structural and unstructured dynamic grid technology in the field of unsaturated-saturated groundwater numerical simulation, this paper summarizes the research status of unsaturated-saturated coupled numerical simulation, introduces the principle of dynamic grid technology and the deformation method of moving boundary structure and unstructured grid, summarizes the application status and shortcomings of dynamic grid technology in the unsaturated-saturated interface, and discusses the future development trend of related research. The review shows that both structural dynamic grids and unstructured dynamic grids have their inherent advantages and disadvantages, and the combination of structural/unstructured hybrid grids and multiple dynamic boundary treatment methods has important application value in the research of unsaturated-saturated coupling numerical simulation. When simulating the change of phreatic surface, a variety of mesh deformation methods can be combined. When the change of the position and shape of the phreatic surface is small, the spring method is used to update the mesh; When the position of the water table changes significantly but the shape changes little, the overlapping structure dynamic grid technology or the overlay method is used to update the grid; If the shape of the water table changes greatly, the grid reconstruction method is used to update the grid, so as to more accurately simulate the change and movement of the unsaturated-saturated interface. Relevant research provides scientific guidance for the coordinated prevention and control of unsaturated zone soil and saturated zone groundwater of the site.

Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) technology can improve the spectral efficiency of Optical Wireless Communications (OWC). However, it is affected by the artificially introduced Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and atmospheric turbulence, which leads to the degradation of Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. To deal with this issue, a PAM modulated Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)-FTN-OWC system is proposed, and MIMO technology is utilized to suppress the influence of atmospheric turbulence. Furthermore, the theoretical BER in log-normal fading channel is deduced, and the influence of channel correlation on the BER performance is analyzed. The simulation results show that the BER performance of 2×2 MIMO-FTN system is 9.5 dB higher than that of Single-Input Single-Output (SISO)-FTN system when BER is 10-4. In addition, the MIMO-FTN system has better BER performance than that of SISO-FTN system when the channel spatial correlation coefficient is lower than 0.6.

Due to the lack of drilling data in the Zhu 1 Depression of the Pear River Mouth Basin, the Enping 17 Sag is taken as an example in this paper to solve the problem of comprehensive identification of underground distribution of high-quality source rocks. Based on the analysis of the geological background, sedimentary characteristics and petrophysical characteristics of source rocks, seismic inversion is guided by the constraints of the petrophysical characteristics of the source rocks in different sedimentary environments. According to the statistics of the relationship between the lithofacies of drilled source rocks and the inversion resistance, a semi-quantitative prediction of the spatial distribution of favorable source rocks is made by geological modeling, and the rationality of prediction method and results is analyzed in combination with the recognition of the geochemical origin type and source of crude oil, to discuss the geological and geophysical identification method of the underground distribution of high-quality source rocks with lack of drilling data. The more reductive the depositional environment of source rocks in the Paleogene Wenchang Formation, the lower the impedance value of high-quality source rocks, and the greater the impedance difference between poor source rocks or non-source rocks. The third, fourth and fifth members of Wenchang Formation are the main source rocks of the Enping 17 Sag, which can be supported by the study of crude oil biomarkers. In the small sags of the Pearl River Mouth Basin with basically clear petroleum geological background conditions, establishing the quantitative and semi-quantitative relationship between the lithofacies of source rocks and the inversion impedance value is helpful to quickly clarify the development interval and scale of main source rocks. This method has a good prospect of popularization and application.

Geological storage of CO2 is an effective measure to reduce carbon emission and mitigate greenhouse effect. Through geothermal exploration and comprehensive research，it is found that the sandstone stratified strata of the Third and Fourth Member of the Quantou Formation，the Qingshankou Formation and the Yaojia Formation of the Cretaceous age in the Lindian area of Heilongjiang Province，with the burial depth of about 940−2062 m，contain rich saline water with TDS of 2000−9000 mg/L，and are of well-developed pores and slow groundwater flow. The caprock is dominated by pelite stratified strata of the Nenjiang Formation，Sifangtai Formation and Mingshui Formation of the Cretaceous age，with a thickness of about 800−1300 m. It has not been penetrated by major fault zones and is well closed，which determines that it can be used as a good geological reservoir for CO2 storage. At the same time, Lindian is close to the city of Daqing, with numerous chemical enterprises, concentrated and sufficient carbon sources, and large scale and short distance, providing favorable conditions for CO2 geological storage in the study area. Due to the lack of oil and gas resources and oil wells in the Lindian area, this work uses geothermal exploration wells for the first time. According to the mechanism of CO2 geological storage technology and the international authoritative potential assessment formula, the potential assessment of CO2 geological storage of deep saline aquifers in this area is carried out. The results show that the theoretical CO2 storage in the deep salt aquifers is 478.91×108 t，the effective CO2 storage is 11.49×108 t, which is of large storage potential. In the future, it can provide geological storage sites for carbon reduction in Daqing, Qiqihar and other neighboring cities. The implementation of this work provides technical support for the next implementation of CO2 geological storage suitability evaluation, objective target area and site selection and demonstration projects in the Lindian area.

In this study, QuEChERS technology combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to establish a method for the simultaneous detection of acrylamide (AA), nitrosamines (NAs) and heterocyclic amines (HAAs) in thermally processed meat products. The results showed that the analytic methods of 20 amines in the three components showed good linearity (R2>0.991) in the corresponding concentration range, and the detection limit and quantification limit were 0.01~1.6 ng/g and 0.03~4.8 ng/g, respectively. The average daily recovery rate was between 66.3%~116.5%, and the intraday precision was between 0.78%~9.0%. The daily accuracy range of the 5×LOQ spiked level calculation for each amine was 3.4%~9.4%. The method was applied to the analysis of AA, NAs and HAAs in four meat products for grilling, in them 9 amines were detected with the concentration range of 0.03~31.26 ng/g.

The conventional Vensim model uses two parallel reservoirs to simulate the slow and fast flows in karst systems, which can hardly simulate the existing nonlinear hydrological process. This paper proposed a revised Vensim model (R-Vensim) to further enhance its ability to simulate the nonlinear hydrological process in karst systems. This revised version changed one linear reservoir in the Vensim model into a nonlinear reservoir and considered the variation in the distribution coefficient under different hydrological conditions. The two models were applied to simulate the discharge of karst spring S31 located at the Yaji experimental site. The simulation results indicated that the R-Vensim model can reasonably reproduce the discharge dynamics under different precipitation conditions, whereas the Vensim model underestimated the fast flow peaks and overestimated the slow flow peaks. In the study catchment, the fast flow was almost linear, whereas the slow flow was highly nonlinear. In the calibration period, 78.5% of spring discharge came from the nonlinear reservoir. The results showed that, considering the nonlinear hydrological process was a key issue to accurately simulate the karst spring, particularly for the slow flow condition.

In the desulfurization process of molten iron, the supersaturated carbon dissolved in molten iron precipitates in the form of graphite. In this paper, according to the characteristics of graphite contained in molten iron desulfurization slag, the flotation method was firstly used to recover the graphite with kerosene used as collector and No.2 oil used as foaming agent, and then the ball milling and magnetic separation process was used to physically remove the impurities of the recovered graphite, and finally the hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid were used for chemically purification. With the result, high purity flake graphite was prepared. The results show that the graphite recovery firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of flotation agent dosage. When the total dosage of kerosene and No.2 oil is 1200 g/t and w (kerosene: No.2 oil) = 4:1, the recovery is more than 97%. The ball milling treatment separated the impurities from the graphite surface, while the magnetic separation reduced iron content in graphite. After three times of the ball milling and magnetic separation treatment, the fixed carbon content in graphite increases from 58% to more than 88%. Under the optimum conditions, the ash content of graphite can be reduced to 0.03% by mixed acid treatment, reaching the standard of high purity graphite. SEM analysis also showed no significant difference in shape between the recovered flake graphite and the natural flake graphite.

Lipid oxidation is the main reason for the decline of meat quality. The lipid oxidation mediated by hemoprotein can not only cause meat odor and discoloration, but also further enhance the pro-oxidation activity of heme protein. During the processing and storage of meat products, antioxidants inhibit the oxidation of meat products, and preserve the flavor of meat products maximally and extend their shelf life. In this paper, the oxidation process of hemoprotein and lipid in meat products during storage and processing, the mechanism of antioxidant inhibiting hemoprotein mediated lipid oxidation, and the application of antioxidants in meat products are reviewed, which would provide the basis for the mechanism research and application of antioxidants in meat products.

In view of the high computational complexity in spatial pulse position modulation systems when using maximum likelihood detection algorithm, a step-by-step classification detection algorithm based on K-means clustering was proposed according to the characteristics of signal matrix with spatial pulse position modulation.The signal vector detection algorithm was utilized to detect the index of light source in the training samples.The on K-means clustering algorithm was utilized to acquire the mapping rule between centroid of samples and modulated symbol by offline training.Subsequently, online detection of modulated symbols was achieved based on the mapping rule, and then the index of light sources was detected by exhaustive search.In addition, Monte Carlo method was used to investigate the effects of key parameters such as the number of clusters and initialization times on the system bit error rate (BER) performance.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve an approximate BER performance as the maximum likelihood algorithm on the basis of greatly reducing the computational complexity.Compared with the linear decoding algorithms, the proposed algorithm is also applicable to scenarios where the number of detectors is less than the number of light sources.

Soil-groundwater coupled numerical simulation is the main method to quantitatively describe the flow and solute transport in a groundwater system. The existing researches on a large-scale site are limited by the difficulty of data acquisition and the amount of simulation calculation. Most of them divide the soil and groundwater into two systems, and it is of great significance to study the soil and groundwater as a whole system. In order to accurately depict the migration of contaminants in the soil-groundwater system of the actual site and reveal the parameter sensitivity of the variable saturation reaction solute transport model, in this paper, a 3D soil-groundwater model is established by using the Galerkin finite element method to quantitatively describe the migration of hexavalent chromium in soil-groundwater based on the data obtained from field tests and previous studies. The fluctuation of phreatic surface in the soil-groundwater system is studied by changing the recharge conditions. The effects of retardation coefficient and reaction constant on solute transport are discussed. The results show that in the soil, the maximum horizontal migration distance of contaminants is 300 m to the southeast of the site; the maximum distribution area of contamination halo in groundwater is about 1.632 km2; the vertical hexavalent chromium in soil only needs 15.6 h to infiltrate into the phreatic surface, and penetrates through the aquifer in the sixth day. When the groundwater level fluctuates with the change of recharge, hexavalent chromium in groundwater will enter the soil with the water flow, affecting the distribution of contamination in the soil. The discussion of solute transport parameters shows that when the reaction constant increases from 0 to 10-6s-1, the concentration of the contaminants in groundwater decreases by about 2000 mg/L at the boundary of the migration site, which makes it difficult to migrate to the Lianshui River. The numerical model based on FEFLOW can solve the problem of poor interaction between systems and provide more accurate simulation results.

Due to the characteristics of low earth orbit (LEO) communication satellite system like low propagation loss, small propagation delay and high pointing accuracy, a hybrid architecture-“analog beamforming stage and digital beamforming (DBF) stage” was proposed, and the principle and advantages of hybrid beamforming were analyzed.Through three dimensional integrating of multi-channel RF frontend chips, mixers, dedicated DBF ASIC chips, and tiles phased array anntena arrays, the proposed hybrid beamforming could be expanded or spliced.This hybrid architecture achieved the optimization of performance, cost, complexity and power consumption, and provided a reference for China to build space based internet of things system and reconfi gurable phased array antenna system in the future.

Facing the requirements of secure and reliable vehicle driving,internet of vehicles requires high real-time information transmission and processing,high data storage and security using capacity,and high flexibility and inclusiveness of network architecture.The future vehicular fog computing network can reduce the data transmission and processing delay based on the characteristics of fog computing deployed at the edge of the network,can ensure data security based on the characteristics of fog computing black box operation,and can make heterogeneous facilities connect with other devices and make sure resource sharing between vehicle nodes based on the fog computing distributed architecture.The future vehicular fog computing networks were reviewed,the architecture,challenges,and key technologies of vehicle fog computing were introduced,the communication and computing resource sharing and task collaboration in the mobile state,vehicle fog computing security,and vehicle fog computing heterogeneity of facilities were focused on .Finally,a three-level management and control architecture for vehicular fog computing networks were proposed to promote the development of internet of vehicles to on-networking collaborative decision-making and control.

Objective To explore effect of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenting on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of patients with asymptomatic ICA stenosis. Methods Fifty-four patients with severe ICA stenosis (stenosis rate ≥ 70%) from October 2016 to September 2018 were studied. Cognitive function was examined in 54 patients with asymptomatic ICA stenosis 24 h before operation and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after operation. Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT). Results There were statistical differences in MMSE (P = 0.000), time of TMT-A and TMT-B (P = 0.000, 0.000), time of SCWT-A, SCWT-B and SCWT-C (P = 0.000, 0.036, 0.000), and correct number of SCWT-A (P = 0.005) before and after ICA stenting. MMSE, time of TMT-A, TMT-B and SCWT-A at 3 and 6 months after stenting were shorter than before and one month after stenting (P < 0.05, for all), while time of SCWT-C was shorter than before stenting (P < 0.05, for all). Time of SCWT-B at 6 months after stenting was shorter than before stenting (P < 0.05, for all). Correct number of SCWT-A at 6 months after stenting was higher than before and 3 months after stenting (P < 0.05, for all), which at 3 monthes after stenting was lower than one month after stenting (P < 0.05, for all). Conclusions ICA stenting can help to improve the MCI patients with asymptomatic ICA stenosis. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.10.005

Objective To evaluate the imaging changes in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD) and the risk factors of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods Retrieve relevant retrospective case analysis and observational studies that about cSVD and the risk factors of AD from online database (January 1, 1980-April 1, 2019) as PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Library with key words: Alzheimer's disease, cerebral small vessel disease, white matter lesion, cerebral microbleeds, lacunar infarction. Selection of studies was performed according to pre⁃designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Newcastle⁃Ottawa Scale (NOS). All data were pooled by Stata 15.1 software for Meta⁃analysis. Results A total of 1452 articles were enrolled, from which 11 studies with NOS score≥5 were chosen after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 12882 patients were included. Meta⁃analysis showed that white matter lesion (RR=1.152,95%CI: 1.007-1.317; P=0.039) and cerebral microbleeds (RR=1.659, 95%CI: 1.085-2.537; P=0.019)increased the risk of AD;lacunar infarc did not increase the risk of AD(RR=1.298,95%CI:0.785-2.147; P=0.309). Conclusions The risk of Alzheimer's disease is increased in patients with white matter lesion and cerebral microbleeds. The cerebral small vessel disease may be involved in the occurrence of some Alzheimer's disease. When patients have the imaging changes of white matter lesion and cerebral microbleeds, should be paid on primary prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To assess the benefits and risks of resumption of antiplatelet therapy in patients after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) by Meta-analysis. Methods Retrieve relevant case-control studies or cohort studies from online databases (January 1, 1990-June 1, 2018) as PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Online Library with key words: intracranial hemorrhages, intracerebral hemorrhages, brain hemorrhages, antiplatelet, restart, resumption. Selection of studies was performed according to pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). All data were pooled by RevMan 5.2 software for Meta-analysis. Results The research enrolled 4403 articles, from which 12 high-quality (NOS ≥ 6 scores) studies were chosen after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 4191 cases (1325 cases with resumption of antiplatelet therapy and 2866 cases without resumption of antiplatelet therapy) were included. Meta-analysis showed that comparing with non-resumption of antiplatelet therapy, resumption of antiplatelet therapy was effective in reducing the incidence of ischemic vascular events (RR = 0.700, 95% CI: 0.570-0.850; P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in the risk of ICH recurrence or hematoma expansion (RR = 0.830, 95%CI: 0.580-1.170; P = 0.290) and the incidence of vascular death (RR = 1.300, 95% CI: 0.920-1.840; P = 0.140) between patients with and without resumption of antiplatelet therapy. Conclusions Resumption of antiplatelet therapy in patients after primary ICH effectively reduced the risk of ischemic vascular events, without significant increase of risk of ICH recurrence or hematoma expansion and the occurrence of vascular death. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.11.005

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine in the treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Methods Retrieve relevant clinical guidelines, systematic review (including Meta-analysis), randomized controlled clinical trials, case-control studies, retrospective cohort studies and case observation studies on lamotrigine treating JME from online databases (January 1, 1980-December 31, 2017) as PubMed, EBMASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Library with key words: juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, idiopathic generalized epilepsies, lamotrigine, antiepileptic drugs, random. Jadad Scale, Cochrane System Evaluation Handbook and RevMan 5.3 statistical software were used for quality assessment and Meta-analysis. Results The research enrolled 1220 articles, from which 6 studies with Jadad score ≥ 4 (4 randomized controlled clinical trials and 2 case observation studies) were chosen after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 314 JME patients (166 cases treated by lamotrigine and 148 cases treated by valproate) were enrolled in 6 studies. Meta-analysis showed the occurrence rate of adverse reaction in lamotrigine group was significantly lower than that in valproate group (RR = 0.540, 95% CI: 0.320-0.910; P = 0.020), but there was no significant difference on rate of epileptic seizures decreasing > 50% (RR = 1.200, 95% CI: 0.870-1.650; P = 0.260). Conclusions Lamotrigine is safe and effective in the treatment of JME. It has better tolerance and less adverse reaction, and its effect is similar to that of valproate. It is the first choice for patients with JME, especially foradolescent female patients with JME. However, there is still lack of high-quality trials to confirm whether the combination with other drugs has any benefit in terms of efficacy. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.10.010

Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of erenumab in the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. Methods Taking Erenumab or AMG334 AND Migraine as search terms, retrieve in databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data and VIP, and search engines such as Google Scholar, in order to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of erenumab in the preventive treatment of adult migraine from January 1, 2001 to August 1, 2018. Jadad Scale was used to evaluate the quality of literatures. Results A total of 68 English articles were enrolled after preliminary searching, and 4 high-quality RCTs (Jadad score ≥ 4) with a total of 2682 cases (1626 cases in erenumab group and 1056 cases in placebo group) were finally included after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. The results were as follows: 1) compared with placebo, erenumab (70 mg/4 weeks or per month, 140 mg/4 weeks) was more effective (effective defined as ≥ 50% reduction from baseline migraine days per month) and showed significantly higher efficacy in reducing migraine days per month, the use of migraine-specific medication, Migraine Physical Function Impact Diary on Everyday Activities and Physical Impairment (MPFID -EA and MPFID-PI) in treating migraine patients. 2) The incidence of adverse reactions was low and mild, and there was no significant difference compared with placebo. Common adverse reactions included injection site pain, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, etc. There were very few patients who discontinued treatment due to adverse drug reactions. Conclusions Erenumab is safe and effective in the preventive treatment of migraine in adults.

Oriented to 5Gmobile communication network combining with communication and computation,the characteristics ofmobile AR/VR information processing and transmission were analyzed,and the ability to integrate communication and computation was proposed,and the capability of integrating communication and computing was proposed.In the future 5Gmobile communication network,multi-level computing will be used to solve the problem of limited computing capacity ofmobile terminals by the capability ofmulti-level computing nodes in collaborative network.Intelligent transmissionmechanism could overcome the problem of unstable transmission capacity ofmobile channel by efficient spectrum sensing,layered coding and adaptive space port transmission,and themobile AR/VR service delay was ensured by using delay guaranteemechanism and cooperativemanagement of communication and computing resources.The research status and development trend ofmobile AR/VRmulti-level computingmodel,intelligent transmissionmechanism and service delay guarantee was reviewed,the existing problems were summarized and the next research direction was put forward.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) in the treatment of refractory myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods Retrieve relevant retrospective case analysis and observational studies that reported RTX therapy in patients with refractory MG from online databases (January 1, 2000-April 30, 2018) in PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Online Library with key words: rituximab, myasthenia gravis. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). All data were pooled by Stata 12.0 software for Meta-analysis. Results A total of 1772 articles were enrolled, and 10 retrospective case analysis and one observational study with 160 eligible participants taking RTX were finally included after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. Among 160 patients, 88 were tested positive for acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR- Ab+), 65 were tested positive for muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase antibody (MuSK-Ab+ ), and 7 were tested negative for two antibodies. Meta-analysis showed the overall effective rate of RTX treating refractory MG patients with serum AChR-Ab+ was 77% (95%CI: 0.642-0.899, P = 0.030); the overall effective rate of RTX treating refractory MG patients with serum MuSK-Ab+ was 73% (95%CI: 0.631-0.829, P = 0.048); RTX significantly reduced average daily dose of corticosteroids [before treatment 31.81 (20.00, 45.90) mg/d, after treatment 6.81 (3.44, 8.00) mg/d, decrement 21.70 (15.50, 42.46) mg/d; Z = 2.366, P = 0.018]; the main side effects of RTX were leukopenia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, infectious pneumonia, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), oral herpes zoster, et al. Conclusions Critical findings have been demonstrated in the evidence-based evaluation on efficacy and safety of RTX in the treatment of refractory MG. The effect of RTX on refractory MG is remarkable, and can significantly reduce the average daily dosage of corticosteroids. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.07.005

Objective To evaluate the safety of valproate (VPA) on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in children with epilepsy. Methods Retrieve relevant research from online databases (January 1, 1980-March 1, 2018) as PubMed, EBMASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Library with key words: epilepsy, bone, child. Selection of studies was performed according to pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). All data were pooled by RevMan 5.2 software for Meta?analysis. Results The research enrolled 1455 articles, from which 13 studies with NOS score ≥ 6 were chosen after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 683 children with epilepsy using VPA and 436 children in control group were included. Meta-analysis showed that comparing with control group, bone mineral density of lumbar (BMDL) in children treated with VPA has no significant difference (MD = -0.019, 95% CI: -0.044-0.006; P = 0.140), but there was a significant decrease in bone mineral density of femur (BMDF; MD = - 0.037, 95%CI: -0.069- -0.005, P = 0.020). There was no significant change in serum calcium (SMD = -0.284, 95% CI: -0.951-0.382; P = 0.400), phosphorus (SMD = - 0.164, 95%CI: -0.457-0.129; P = 0.270), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; SMD = 0.363, 95%CI: -0.294-1.020, P = 0.280), parathyroid hormone (PTH; SMD = 0.102, 95%CI: -0.291-0.495, P = 0.610) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D; SMD = -0.104, 95%CI：-0.620-0.413, P = 0.690] in bone metabolic markers. Sensitivity analysis showed Meta-anlaysis of BMDF, serum phosphorus and 25(OH)D was unstable, therefore, it should be cautious when explaining the results. Conclusions VPA has less effect on bone mineral density and bone metabolism, but for children with epilepsy using VPA, their BMDF should be monitored. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.06.005

Objective To assess the risk factors of in-stent restenosis (ISR) for intracranial artery stenosis by Meta-analysis. Methods Retrieve relevant case-control studies or cohort studies from online databases (January 1, 1990-August 1, 2017) as PubMed, EBMASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Library with key words: intracranial artery, stent, restenosis, risk factors, predictors. Selection of studies was performed according to pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). All data were pooled by RevMan 5.3 software for Meta-analysis. Results The research enrolled 305 articles, from which 16 high-quality (NOS score>=6) studies were chosen after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 1102 cases (ISR:N =245; non-ISR: N=857) were included. Meta-analysis showed that diabetes (OR=1.880, 95%CI:1.290-2.740; P=0.001), lesions stenosis length>10 mm (OR=3.550, 95%CI:1.160-10.850; P=0.030), anterior circulation lesions (OR=1.680, 95%CI:1.170-2.420; P=0.005), postoperative residual stenosis>=30% (OR=3.290, 95%CI:1.460-7.410; P=0.004) and bare metal stents (OR=4.290, 95%CI:1.130-16.260; P=0.030) increased the risk of ISR significantly. Conclusions Diabetes, lesions stenosis length>10 mm, anterior circulation lesions, postoperative residual stenosis>=30% and bare metal stents were risk factors of in-stent restenosis. Clinicians should avoid related risk factors and reduce the occurrence of in-stent restenosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation treatment for epilepsy with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods The data were collected from the following words: sleep apnoea, obstructive sleep apnoea, OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, OSAS, sleep apnoea syndromes, sleep-related breathing disorder, epilepsy, continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP. PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Library retrieval on randomized controlled clinical trials, clinical guidelines, systematic review (including Meta-analysis), case controlled studies and retrospective cohort studies of CPAP ventilation treatment of epilepsy with OSAS from January 1, 1980 to February 28, 2017. Jadad Scale, Cochrane System Evaluation Handbook and RevMan 5.3 software were used for quality assessment and Meta-analysis. Results A total of 1197 English literatures were obtained, and 17 English articles were included in the study, including one clinical guideline, one systematic review, one Meta-analysis, one randomized controlled clinical trial, 10 case controlled studies and 3 retrospective cohort studies. The results showed that: 1) CPAP ventilation treatment can decrease the seizure frequency or even emarge seizure free in epilepsy with OSAS. 2) CPAP ventilation treatment can reduce the seizure frequency of refractory epilepsy with OSAS. 3) CPAP ventilation treatment can reduce the seizure frequency of elderly epilepsy patients with OSAS. 4) Meta-analysis on three clinical studies (153 epilepsy and OSAS patients) with Jadad ≥ 4 scores showed cases with reduction seizure frequency > 50% in CPAP group were more than those in unused CPAP group (RR = 3.170, 95%CI: 1.650-6.090; P = 0.001). Conclusions CPAP ventilation treatment can reduce the seizure frequency of patients with epilepsy and OSAS. The effect of treatment depends on patients compliance. Sudden drug-withdrawl or pressure insuffiency may increase seizure frequency. This conclusion remains to be confirmed. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.10.005

By analyzing the grading status of data centers at home and abroad and the availability of business systems in the data center,business availability grading recommendations,and business system requirements and configuration recommendations for the data center infrastructure were proposed,thus making the data center infrastructure more rational and reducing the cost of data center.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of antiplatelet agents in secondary prevention of patients with lacunar infarct (LACI). Methods Retrieve relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported antiplatelet therapy in patients with LACI from online databases (January 1, 1980-November 20, 2016) in PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Online Library with key words: stroke, lacunar infarction, platelet aggregation inhibitors, antiplatelet, randomized controlled trial. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Jadad Scale and Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data were pooled by RevMan 5.3 software for Meta-analysis. A network Meta-analysis was done by R software Gemtc and JAGS software. Results A total of 4068 articles were enrolled and 12 high - quality RCTs (Jadad ≥ 4 scores) with 24 969 eligible participants were finally included after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed single antiplatelet therapy was more effective than placebo in reducing ischemic stroke recurrence rate (RR = 0.480, 95%CI: 0.300-0.780; P = 0.003) and any stroke recurrence rate (RR = 0.780, 95%CI: 0.630-0.970; P = 0.030). The efficacy of single antiplatelet therapy was not significantly different from that of dual antiplatelet therapy (ischemic stroke recurrence rate: RR = 0.900, 95%CI: 0.760-1.050, P = 0.170; any stroke recurrence rate: RR = 0.910, 95%CI: 0.820-1.010, P = 0.070). Network Meta-analysis (four interventions including aspirin, placebo, cilostazol and ticlopidine) showed that cilostazol was associated with a significant reduction in recurrence of any stroke compared with aspirin (OR = 0.341, 95% CrI: 0.011-0.673) and placebo (OR = 0.615, 95% CrI: 0.191-1.042). Conclusions Single antiplatelet therapy could significantly reduce the recurrence of any stroke, especially ischemic stroke in patients with LACI. There is no evidence showing that dual antiplatelet therapy is probably better than single therapy. Cilostazol is better than aspirin in reducing any stroke recurrence in the treatment of LACI. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.03.004

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) combined with drug therapy for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Retrieve relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from online databases (January 1, 1980-October 1, 2016) as PubMed, EBMASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Library with key words: subthalamic nucleus, deep brain stimulation, DBS, STN, Parkinson disease, random. Selection of studies was performed according to pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Jadad Scale and Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data were pooled by RevMan 5.2 software for Meta-analysis. Results The research enrolled 3245 articles, from which 6 studies with Jadad score ≥ 4 were chosen after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 958 PD patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that comparing with best medical treatment (BMT), STN-DBS combined with drug therapy significantly reduced the scores of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)Ⅲ in the "on" phase (SMD =-0.570, 95%CI: -0.710—0.430; P = 0.000) and in the "off" phase (SMD =-1.170, 95%CI: -1.500—0.850; P = 0.000), UPDRSⅠscore (SMD =-0.150, 95%CI: -0.290—0.010; P = 0.030), and 39-Item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) score (SMD =-0.510, 95%CI: -0.660—0.370; P = 0.000). But it can increase the occurrence of severe adverse events (RD = 0.140, 95% CI:0.090-0.190; P = 0.000) and dysarthria (RD = 0.070, 95%CI: 0.010-0.120; P = 0.020), while decrease the occurrence of dyskinesia (RR = 0.450, 95% CI: 0.330-0.620; P = 0.000). Conclusions Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation combined with drug therapy could greatly improve motor function, mental status and quality of life of PD patients, however, clinicians should pay more attention to the increased risk of severe adverse events and dysarthria after operation. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.02.006

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with broadened therapeutic window (4.50-6.00 h). Methods Online databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data were searched from January 1980 to August 2015 with key words: acute ischemic stroke, thrombolytic therapy, beyond 4.5 hours. The included studies were evaluated according to Jadad Scale, and Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results There were 681 relevant records through preliminary searching, and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were finally included, involving 2033 patients with acute ischemic stroke (1029 patients in rt-PA thrombolytic therapy and 1004 patients in placebo therapy), who were treated within 6 h from the onset of symptoms. Results of Meta-analysis showed there were no statistical differences between rt-PA group and placebo group on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (RR = 1.070, 95%CI: 0.940-1.220; P = 0.310), Barthel Index (BI) score (RR = 1.040, 95%CI: 0.940-1.160; P = 0.430) and mortality (RR = 1.260, 95%CI: 0.990-1.610; P = 0.060). However, the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rt-PA group was significantly higher than that in placebo group (RR = 1.550, 95% CI: 1.030-2.340; P = 0.030). Conclusions Thrombolytic therapy with rt-PA in broadened therapeutic window (4.50-6.00 h) is not effective for treating acute ischemic stroke, and the risk of ICH is increased with rt-PA treatment. However, this conclusion still needs to be verified with more high-quality, multi-center, large-sample RCTs. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.02.002

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of non-intravenous midazolam for treating status epilepticus (SE) in children. Methods Taking midazolam, status epilepticus and children both in Chinese and English as search terms, retrieve in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang Data, assisted by manual searching and Google Scholar, in order to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about non-intravenous midazolam for treating SE in children from January 2000 to January 2015. Jadad Scale was used to evaluate the quality of literatures. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results There were a total of 258 records after preliminary searching, and 6 RCTs involving 766 episodes were finally included after excluding duplicate ones and those which did not meet the inclusion criteria. The results were as follows: 1) midazolam via intranasal administration was as effective as intravenous diazepam in achieving seizure control in children (RD = -0.070, 95%CI: -0.200—0.060, P = 0.290). However, non-intravenous (intranasal or buccal) midazolam showed better effects on seizure control than rectal diazepam (RD = 0.170, 95% CI: 0.030—0.320; P = 0.020). 2) The mean time from arrival at hospital to cessation was not significantly different between intranasal midazolam and intravenous diazepam (SMD = -1.570, 95%CI: -3.280—0.140; P = 0.070). 3) There was no statistical difference between intranasal midazolam and intravenous diazepam for the time from giving drug to cessation (SMD = 0.240, 95%CI: -0.110—0.590; P = 0.170). 4) There was no statistical difference on the occurrence rate of adverse drug reactions between non-intravenous midazolam and intravenous or non-intravenous diazepam (RD = -0.010, 95% CI: -0.030—0.200; P = 0.500). Conclusions Non-intravenous midazolam is safe and effective in the treatment for status epilepticus in children. However, the conclusion still needs to be further vertified by more high-quality multi-center large-sample RCTs. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.02.004

The definition of the spectrum availability in terms of static spectrum,semi-static spectrum and dynamic spectrum and the definition of service requirement index based on M-LWDF QoS definition were proposed.A spectrum allocation method and a redistribution method combined with spectrum availability and subscriber requirement were presented.The main idea of the method is that subscriber requirement and availability of spectrum resource are quantified,and then spectrum resources are allocated to subscribers by a one-to-one mapping based on their quantified values in the same sequence.Compared with the random distribution scheme and the dynamic scheme following static allocation,simulation results show that the scheme presented can obviously improve system performance in average number of failure distribution and average total data rate.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intensive blood pressure control for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Retrieve relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from online databases (January 1, 1980-September 30, 2015) as PubMed, EBMASE/SCOPUS and Cochrane Library with key words: intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH, blood pressure, intensive, and acute. Selection of studies was performed according to pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Jadad Scale. All data were pooled by RevMan 5.3 software for Meta-analysis. Results The research enrolled 3322 articles, from which 4 articles with Jadad score ≥ 4 were chosen after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 3360 ICH patients were included. Meta-nalysis showed intensive blood pressure control did not decrease the incidence of hematoma enlargement > 1/3 from baseline to 24 h (RR = 0.910, 95%CI: 0.750-1.090; P = 0.310), neither associated with a favorable possibility on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 2 at 90 d of treatment (RR = 1.070, 95% CI: 0.990-1.150; P = 0.090). Intensive blood pressure control did not increase National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score significantly (RR = 0.950, 95%CI: 0.800-1.120; P = 0.530), nor increase the occurrence of adverse events in circulatory system (RR = 0.910, 95%CI: 0.610-1.370; P = 0.660) or severe hypotension (RR = 0.840, 95% CI: 0.370-1.940; P = 0.690). Conclusions Though intensive blood pressure control is unlikely to stop the enlargement of hematoma in a short term, it is likely to improve long-tem prognosis and reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality. Intensive blood pressure control is safe as it neither increase the symptoms of nervous system damage, nor the occurrence rate of circulatory system adverse events or severe hypotension. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.01.004

Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of nimodipine in treating vascular dementia (VaD). Methods Taking "nimodipine AND vascular dementia" as search terms, retrieve in databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE/SCOPUS, Science Citation Index (SCI), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang Data (January 1995-March 2015). Annual searching was applied to retrieve partial periodical literatures and unpublished studies. Google Scholar was used for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about nimodipine in treating VaD. Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of literature, and Meta-analyses were performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Eleven literatures met inclusion criteria, including 10 clinical studies (1333 patients). All 10 studies were RCTs, including 4 nimodipine vs placebo, 5 nimodipine vs donepezil and one nimodipne vs hydergine, but only 2 described randomization methods. The results of Meta-analysis showed: nimodipine had better Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score than before treatment and placebo group (3 studies, MD = 0.270, 95%CI: 0.070—0.460, P = 0.007); one study of blank control, MD = 2.950, 95% CI: 1.670—4.200, P = 0.000). Patients treated with nimodipne had no significantly improved Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score than placebo group [one study of ADL, MD = 5.800, 95%CI: 2.480—9.120, P = 0.000; one study of ADL Index, MD = -0.040, 95%CI: -0.110—0.030, P = 0.230; one study of instrumental ADL (IADL), MD = -0.080, 95%CI: -0.110—0.000, P = 0.060]. Both nimodipine and donepezil can improve MMSE and ADL scores, but the efficacy of nimodipine was not superior to donepezil [4 studies of MMSE (12-week observation), MD = -4.400, 95% CI: -4.870— -3.920, P = 0.000; one study of MMSE (24-week observation), MD = -8.800, 95% CI: -8.970— -7.430, P = 0.000; 2 studies of ADL, MD = 1.800, 95% CI: 1.360—2.230, P = 0.000]. Compared with hydergine, nimodipine had better scores in MMSE (MD = 2.170, 95%CI: 0.890—3.450, P = 0.001) and ADL (MD = -5.160, 95%CI: -7.480— -2.840, P = 0.000) in one study. The main side effects of nimodipine were cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric symptoms, abnormal skin reaction, gastrointestinal reactions and joint edema, et al. Conclusions Current study shows that the effect of nimodipine in the treatment of VaD may be superior to placebo and hydergine, but not better than donepezil. The results of systematic review still need more high-quality, multi-center and large-sample RCTs to further prove. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.07.008

Objective To evaluate the efficiency, safety and indications of dabigatran for the secondary prevention of stroke. Methods Taking dabigatran, stroke, ischemia, hemorrhagic, TIA, transient ischemic attack, prevention, secondary prevention, treatment as search terms, retrieve in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library, assisted by manual searching, in order to collect relevant literatures including clinical guidelines, systematic reviews (including Meta-analyses), randomized controlled trials (RCTs), retrospective case analyses, case-observation studies and reviews. Jadad Scale was applied for scoring clinical researches while PRISMA statement was for evaluating the quality of systematic reviews (including Meta-analyses) and reviews. Results A total of 23 articles were selected out of 1067 search results, in which 2 clinical guidelines, 6 systematic reviews (including Meta-analyses) and reviews, 8 RCTs, 3 retrospective case analyses, and 4 case-observation studies were enrolled. According to the Jadad Scale, 8 clinical studies were evaluated as high-quality literature (score ≥ 4), and the remaining 7 were low-quality literature (score < 4). All of systematic reviews (including Meta-analyses) and reviews were of high quality. The results were as follows: 1) the use of dabigatran in stroke patients, especially Asian patients, with non-valvular atrial fibrillation showed no inferior efficiency and lower risk for major bleeding for the secondary prevention of stroke than warfarin, while the elder should be given lower dosage and blood concentration of drug might be in need of monitoring. 2) Applying dabigatran for the secondary prevention of stroke in patients with mechanical valve replacement must be cautious. Insufficient evidence had shown its inferiority in both efficiency and safety when compared to warfarin. 3) Large-scale clinical trials are needed to provide evidence for the application of dabigatran in valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and other diseases in need of anticoagulants for secondary prevention of stroke. 4) Current evidence is limited for the regular usage of dabigatran for secondary prevention of stroke. Conclusions Critical findings have been demonstrated in the evidence-based evaluation on dabigatran in the secondary prevention of stroke. Decision making on the clinical application of dabigatran in the secondary prevention of stroke should be cautious. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.03.006

Objective To evaluate the evidence of migraine increasing the risk of stroke, so as to provide evidence-based foundation for primary prevention of stroke in patients with migraine. Methods Taking migraine or migraine with aura, prevention and control, ischemia, hemorrhagic stroke, treatment or therapy as search terms, retrieve in databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect, assisted by manual searching, in order to collect relevant literatures including clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, Meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, clinical controlled trials, retrospective case analysis, case-observation studies and reviews. Jadad Scale was used to evaluate the quality of literature. Results Twenty-four related articles were finally selected, including 5 clinical guidelines, 2 systematic reviews, 4 Meta-analyses, 2 randomized controlled trials, 10 case-observation studies and 1 review. Among them 20 were of high quality, while 4 were of low quality. The results were as follows: 1) migraine, particularly migraine with aura, significantly increased the risk of ischemic stroke, and the risk of women was higher than men. Smoking and oral contraceptives further increased the risk of stroke. 2) The risk of hemorrhagic stroke in migraine with aura patients was higher than that in general population. Migraine without aura did not appear to increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, and migraine was an independent risk factor for aneurysm rupture. 3) Frequency of migraine attacks, especially migraine with aura, and risk of ischemic stroke was positively correlated. 4) Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was more common in young patients with cryptogenic stroke and migraineurs. However, closure of PFO was not indicated for preventing stroke in migraineurs. 5) Triptans, which was used to treat acute migraine, with a vasoconstrictor effect, may increase the risk of stroke, therefore prophylactic treatment of migraine was very important. Conclusions Smoking cessation and alternatives to oral contraceptives are recommended in women with migraine. Treatment to reduce migraine frequency might be reasonable, however, there is no evidence showing that this treatment approach would reduce the risk of first stroke. Due to the vasoconstrictor effect of triptans, prophylactic treatment should be the priority of migraineurs. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.01.008

Objective To formulate the best treatment plan for catamenial epilepsy patients by evaluating the efficacy and side effect of progesterone therapy via evidence-based medicine. Methods Catamenial epilepsy, drug therapy, progesterone, allopregnanolone, systematic review and randomized controlled trial (RCT) both in Chinese and English were used as retrieval words. Databases including Wanfang Data, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google Scholar were used with applying of manual searching. Systematic reviews, RCTs, open-label trials, prospective and retrospective case analysis, case-observation studies and reviews were collected and evaluated by Jadad Scale. Results After screening, 18 relevant resources were selected, including one systematic review, 3 RCTs, one open-label trial, 2 prospective case-controlled studies, one follow-up study and 10 reviews. Ten of the articles were evaluated to be high quality (Jadad Scale score ≥ 4), and the other 8 were of low quality (Jadad Scale score < 4). After the efficacy and safety of those clinical studies were evaluated, the results were summarized as follows: 1) progesterone combined with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was well tolerated and resulted in a significant reduction of seizure frequency in a majority of patients with catamenial epilepsy. 2) Both natural progesterone and synthetic progesterone could be used in the treatment for catamenial epilepsy. 3) There were two ways of progestogen therapy for catamenial epilepsy: cyclical progesterone hormone therapy and suppressive therapy. The former was more commonly used. Conclusions Using evidence-based medicine evaluation can provide best clinical evidence for the progesterone treatment on catamenial epilepsy. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.12.007

Objective To evaluate the current treatments and possible adverse reactions of metabolic myopathy, and to develop the best solution for evidence-based treatment. Methods Taking metabolic myopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, lipid storage myopathy, glycogen storage diseases, endocrine myopathy, drug toxicity myopathy and treatment as search terms, retrieve in databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalKey database, National Science and Technology Library (NSTL), in order to collect the relevant literature database including clinical guidelines, systematic reviews (SR), randomized controlled trials (RCT), controlled clinical trials, retrospective case analysis and case study. Jadad Scale was used to evaluate the quality of literature. Results Twenty-eight related articles were selected, including 6 clinical guidelines, 5 systematic reviews, 10 randomized controlled trials and 7 clinical controlled trials. According to Jadad Scale, 23 articles were evaluated as high-quality literature (≥ 4), and the remaining 5 were evaluated as low-quality literature (< 4). Treatment principles of these clinical trials, efficacy of different therapies and drug safety evaluation suggest that: 1) Acid α-glycosidase (GAA) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the main treatment for glycogen storage diseases, with taking a high-protein diet, exercising before taking a small amount of fructose orally and reducing the patient's physical activity gradually. 2) Carnitine supplementation is used in the treatment of lipid storage myopathy, with carbohydrate and low fat diet provided before exercise or sports. 3) Patients with mitochondrial myopathy can take coenzyme Q10, vitamin B, vitamin K, vitamin C, etc. Proper aerobic exercise combined with strength training is safe, and it can also enhance the exercise tolerance of patients effectively. 4) The first choice to treat the endocrine myopathy is treating primary affection. 5) Myopathies due to drugs and toxins should remove pathogenic drugs and toxins. Conclusions Most of metabolic myopathies are genetic diseases, and they cannot achieve a radical cure at present. Gene therapy is the fundamental way. Endocrine myopathy and drug toxicity myopathy need to remove the primary affection or pathogenic drugs. Evidence-based medicine can provide the best clinical evidence assessment method for metabolic myopathy. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.05.006

Objective To formulate the best treatment plan for Alzheimer's disease patients by evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and side effect of various evidence-based programs. Methods Alzheimer's disease, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, rosiglitazone, etc. were defined as retrieval words. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were used with applying of manual searching. Systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCT), controlled clinical trials and case-observation studies were collected and evaluated by Jadad Scale. Results After screening, 33 selected resources included 14 systematic reviews, 14 randomized controlled trials, 4 controlled clinical trials and 1 case-observation study. According to Jadad Scale, total 28 articles were evaluated to be high quality (12 with score 4, 10 score 5, 6 score 7), and 5 were low quality with score 3. It was summarized as follows: 1) Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which no cure exists. To date, only symptomatic treatments with cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor noncompetitive antagonist (memantine), are effective and well tolerated to counterbalance the neurotransmitter disturbance, but cannot limit or impact on disease progression. 2) Disease modifying drug is an potential agent, with persistent effect on slowing the progression of structural damage, and can be detected even after withdrawing the treatment. Many types of disease modifying drugs are undergoing clinical trials. Conclusions Using evidence-based medicine methods can provide best clinical evidence on Alzheimer's disease treatment. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.03.009

Objective To evaluate the effects and tolerability of gabapentin in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of gabapentin for the treatment of PHN were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,EMBASE, Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM), VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data. Two reviewers independently evaluated the quality of the included articles and abstracted the data. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0. Results According to the enrollment criteria, 5 prospective, randomized controlled clinical trials including 1225 subjects were finally selected. The mean changes for average daily pain score were significant in gabapentin group compared with placebo group (SMD = -0.920, 95%CI: -1.330~-0.520; P = 0.000), as well as the mean change for Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) visual analogue scale (SMD = -2.650, 95%CI: -3.410~-1.890; P = 0.000) and average daily sleep intervention score (SMD = -2.480, 95%CI: -3.750~-1.200; P = 0.000). There was no significance between gabapentin group and placebo group in the withdrawl rate (P > 0.05). The common adverse reactions during gabapentin treatment included dizziness (OR = 3.710, 95%CI: 2.530-5.430; P = 0.000), somnolence (OR = 2.430, 95%CI: 1.530-3.860; P = 0.000) and peripheral edema (OR = 13.570, 95%CI: 4.190-43.970; P = 0.000). Conclusion It is indicated clinically that gabapentin is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia with high retention rate. However, adverse reactions, such as dizziness, somnolence and edema, should be paid attention.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments for sleep disorders in neurodegenerative diseases so as to provide the best therapeutic regimens for the evidence-based treatment. Methods Search PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases with "sleep disorder or sleep disturbance", "neurodegenerative diseases", "Parkinson's disease or PD", "Alzheimer's disease or AD", "multiple system atrophy or MSA" as retrieval words. The quality of the articles were evaluated with Jadad Scale. Results A total of 35 articles, including 2 systematic reviews, 5 randomized controlled trials, 13 clinical controlled trials, 13 case series and 2 epidemiological investigation studies were included for evaluation, 13 of which were high grade and 22 were low grade articles. Clinical evidences showed that: 1) advice on sleep hygiene, careful use of dopaminergic drugs and hypnotic sedative agents should be considered for PD. Bright light therapy (BLT) may improve circadian rhythm sleep disorders and clonazepam may be effective for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD). However, to date, very few controlled studies are available to make a recommendation for the management of sleep disorders in PD; 2) treatments for sleep disorders in AD include drug therapy (e.g. melatonin, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants) and non-drug therapy (e.g. BLT, behavior therapy), but very limited evidence shows the effectiveness of these treatments; 3) the first line treatment for sleep-related breathing disorder in MSA is nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), and clonazepam is effective for RBD in MSA; 4) there is rare evidence related to the treatment of sleep disorders in dementia with Lewy body (DLB) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Conclusion Evidence-based medicine can provide the best clinical evidence on sleep disorders' treatment in neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of various treatment for sleep disorders in order to provide the best therapeutic regimen for the evidence-based treatment of sleep disorders. Methods Sleep disorder, insomnia, restless legs syndrome or RLS, obstructive sleep apnea or OSA, narcolepsy, REM behaviour disorder or RBD, treatment or therapy were used as retrieval words. Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect were used for retrieval, and manual searching was also used. Related clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, randomized controlled clinical trials, retrospective case analysis, case-observation studies and reviews were collected and evaluated by Jadad Scale. Results Forty related articles were selected as following: 6 clinical guidelines, 12 systematic reviews, 5 randomized controlled trials, 2 retrospective case analysis, 1 case-observation study and 14 reviews. Thirty-three were of high quality, while 7 were of low quality with score. According to the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and side effects of various therapies, it is suggested as following: 1) insomnia is the most common in sleep disorders; the treatment methods of insomnia mainly include drug therapy and cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT); the two kinds of therapy have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the combination therapy of drugs and CBT is the best treatment plan. 2) The first-line treatment of primary RLS is dopamine agonists and anti-seizure drugs; however, the treatment of secondary RLS is mainly etiologic treatment. 3) The main treatments of OSAS are nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), oral orthotics and surgery, and nCPAP is the first-line treatments. 4) The medication of narcolepsy is mainly modafinil, hydroxy butyric acid sodium and antidepressants, and the specific choosing should accord to clinical classifications. 5) The main treatments of RBD include general treatments such as avoiding triggers, insuring the safety of sleep environment, and drug therapy such as benzodiazepines and melatonin. Conclusion Evidence-based medicine can provide the best clinical evidence on sleep disorders' treatment.

In view of problem that traditional management of water source wells of coal mine cannot collect parameters of pump real-timely and accurately with manual patrolling mode, a monitoring system of water source wells of coal mine based on wireless network was designed. The system is composed of monitoring master station and control substations. Each control substation can realize flow measurement of water source well and control of start and stop and current monitoring of pump motor, and can upload monitored data to monitoring master station through wireless communication system. Meanwhile, the control substation can receive control commands of monitoring master station to realize start and stop operation of pump motor. The actual application shows that the system improves reliability and automation level of water supply system of water source well of coal mine.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of different drug treatment options for senile epilepsy, and to develop the best solution of the evidence ⁃ based therapy for senile epilepsy. Methods Taking elderly epilepsy, drug therapy, evidence ⁃ based medicine as search terms, retrieve in databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE, assisted by manual searching, in order to collect relevant literature including clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, randomized controlled clinical trials, clinical controlled trials, retrospective case analysis and case observation and research. Jadad Scale was used to evaluate the quality of literature. Results Almost 20 related articles were selected including 1 clinical guideline, 14 systematic reviews, 1 randomized controlled clinical trial, 2 clinical controlled trials and 2 retrospective case analysis. According to Jadad Scale, 15 articles were evaluated as high⁃quality literature (Grades ≥ 4), and the other 5 were evaluated as low⁃quality literature (Grades < 4). Treatment principles of these clinical trials, efficacy of different therapies and drug safety evaluation suggest that: 1) Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) therapy is the main treatment for elderly patients with epilepsy. 2) The second⁃generation AEDs are not better than the first⁃generation AEDs in efficacy, but have advantages such as fewer adverse reactions, little drug interactions, and higher safety and tolerability. 3) Lamotrigine, levetiracetam and gabapentin are recommended to be first⁃line drugs, followed by topiramate and valproate. Influenced by multiple diseases, long ⁃ term multi ⁃ drug therapies and other factors, personalized treatment planning shall be adopted for elderly patients with epilepsy. 4) For new cases of epilepsy, monotherapy is preferred with lower dose, slow increase, longer interval between dosage and the improvement of compliance. Conclusion Evidence⁃based medicine can provide the best clinical evidence assessment method for elderly patients with epilepsy. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.05.010

Objective To formulate the best treatment plan for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and side effect of various evidence ⁃ based programs. Methods Key words were defined as multiple sclerosis, immunomodulatory therapy and therapy, etc. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang data bases for Scientific Journals in China and National Knowledge Infrastructure for Chinese Scientific Journals Database. Additionally, we applied manual searching and screened out conference paper and academic dissertation, etc, from various references. After that we obtained and evaluated by Jadad scales on systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials and observational study cases about glucocorticoids, plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, IFN ⁃ β, glatiramer acetate, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, fingolimod. Results After screening, all seventeen selected resources included systematic reviews 6 articles, randomized controlled trials 7 articles, controlled clinical trials 2 articles, observational study cases 2 articles, among which fifteen articles were proved to be high quality (according to Jadad scoring system, five score 4, six score 5, four score 7), two chapters were judged to be low quality scoring 3. Finally, we summerize that: 1) The first choice of treatment for acute relapses is glucocorticoids and we suggest that plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin may be tried as an alternative therapy in acute MS relapse, especially in case of contraindications to intravenous methylprednisolone. 2) Immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatment (IFN ⁃ β, glatiramer acetate, mitoxantrone, natalizumab) can be an option to prevent new relapses and progression of disability. 3) Fingolimod is an oral treatment for multiple sclerosis to improve treatment adherence. Conclusion Using evidence⁃based medicine methods can provide us best clinical evidence on MS treatment. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.02.012