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Based on the fractional lower order statistics (FLOS) and stochastic resonance (SR) technique, a novel robust time delay estimation approach, stochastic resonance covariation time delay estimation (SRCTDE) algorithm is proposed to detect the latency delay in the evoked potential (EP) with the presence of the a-stable noise under the lower mixed-signal-to-noise ratio (MSNR) condition. In the SRCTDE, MSNRs of the reference and detected EP signals are improved via the SR effect between noisy EP signals and bistable nonlinear dynamical systems. The SR effect is realized by tuning system parameters to their optimal values under the maximum symmetric covariation coefficient criterion. Then, the covariation function between outputs of two SR systems is computed. The EP latency delay is estimated by obtaining the location of this covariation function peak. The performance of the SRCTDE algorithm is verified through computer simulations compared with the correlation algorithm and covariation algorithm for various values of MSNR. The SRCTDE algorithm gives an improved approach to estimation of the latency delay in the weak EP with α-stable noises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bandwidth of non-Gaussian signals and noises in practical applications is narrow. If simply using correlation algorithm in traditional Gaussian model to estimate the multipath time delays, peak values will overlap each other. So it will bring on large estimate errors. To solve this problem, according to the characteristics of signal and noise and the theory of the fractional lower order statistics, a super resolution multipath time delay estimation algorithm referred to P-EM is proposed. It is based on the EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm using the pth-order correlation and can be applied under α-stable distribution noise. It is shown that the proposed approach is robust through the theoretical analysis and the computer simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between lamivudine-resistant mutants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and serum HBV DNA loading before antiviral therapy., Methods: This study involved 106 patients with hepatitis B receiving lamivudine treatment for an average of 32 months (rang 12-48 months). Serum HBV DNA loadings were measured with PCR before and every 4 to 6 months during lamivudine therapy. HBV YMDD mutants were detected using mismatched PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) during lamivudine treatment., Results: HBV DNA loading was significantly higher in patients infected with HBV YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy than those infected with HBV without YMDD mutation., Conclusion: High viral loading in hepatitis B patients before treatment is associated with high likeliness of HBV YMDD mutation during lamivudine treatment. HBV DNA loading may be indicative for the occurrence of YMDD mutation during lamivudine therapy.

Objective: To determine the collateral supply is sufficiency or not in patients with carotid stenosis., Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients with carotid stenosis underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA). We evaluated the patent collateral pathways through the anterior and posterior communicating arteries or the ophthalmic artery (ACoA; PCoA; OA) with TCD before CEA. A total of 15 subjects were monitored the mean velocity of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (mvMCA) by TCD and simultaneously detected stump pressure (SP) after cross clamping carotid artery during the operation., Results: Three subjects patent anterior communicating artery; 5 cases patent posterior communicating artery; 6 of 15 patent OA. SP > or = 50 mm Hg in 8 cases and SP < 50 mm Hg in 7 patients were detected after cross clamping. The decrease of the ipsilateral mvMCA is less than 30% of baseline in 11 cases. Both TCD preoperatively and SP during CEA indicated collateral blood adequately or not in 9 cases. Results of 12 patients evaluated collateral supply by means of SP and mvMCA changes were common., Conclusion: TCD is a useful tool for the evaluation of the sufficiency of collateral circulation in patients with carotid artery severe stenosis, especially monitoring the ipsilateral mvMCA changes during carotid endarterectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the significance of cerebral protection applied at carotid endarterectomy (CEA) at perioperation, intraoperation, and postoperation., Methods: Thirty patients underwent CEA with application of cerebral protection at perioperation, intraoperation, and postoperation in our hospital from January 2002 to August 2005. Perioperative carotid Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography angiography (CTA) were applied in 29 patients and carotid angiography applied in only one patient. The key methods of intraoperative cerebral protection included general anaesthesia, selective shunting, monitoring of transcranial Doppler, and careful manipulation. The methods of postoperative cerebral protection included leaving tracheal cannula and brain ice-bag, maintaining normal blood pressure, and applying dehydrant under guidance by monitoring of transcranial Doppler., Results: Among all the 30 patients, shunts were used in 10 patients (33%), and angioplasty by patch was applied in 17 patients (57%). No cranial nerve-associated complications or death was documented., Conclusion: Application of cerebral protection at CEA at perioperation, intraoperation, and postoperation can effectively prevent the occurance of cranial nerve-associated complications.

Four hybridoma cell lines, 2A2, 5H9, 5H2 and 5E12, secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Lily symptomless virus (LSV) were produced by fusing mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0) with spleen cells from BALB/C immunized by the LSV particles. The four MAbs could specifically react with LSV. The titres of ascitic fluids of the four MAbs are up to 10(-6) in ELISA. Isotypes and subclasses of 5H9 and 5E12 belong to IgG1 while those of 2A2 and 5H2 belong to IgG3. Isotypes of light strains of the four MAbs all belong to kappa. The four MAbs were used in antigen-coated plate (ACP)-ELISA for LSV detection, and ACP-ELISA could successfully detect 1.8 ng of purified LSV or virus in plant sap diluted 1:300. The presence of LSV in field lily tissues was investigated with ACP-ELISA.

Objective: To study the relationship between serum advanced fibrinogen and the severity of coronary artery stenosis., Methods: In a collection of 195 patients suspected of coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary artery stenosis was studied with coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery disease was quantified with a modified Gensini score on the basis of angiographic imaging manipulation system. Fibrinogen, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and D-dimer were determined in all the patients. After the influences of other risk factors were controlled, the relationship between fibrinogen and severity of CAD was analyzed., Results: Partial correlation analysis showed that fibrinogen was positively correlated with the severity of CAD (r = 0.293, P < 0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that fibrinogen and age were significant variables associated with the severity of coronary artery disease (F value was 16.89, 15.47, P < 0.01; R was 0.29, 0.38, P < 0.01). All the patients were assigned to one of four groups according to fibrinogen level with 25, 50 and 75 percentile as cut-off points. We found that high fibrinogen level was associated with severe coronary artery disease, particularly in men and in diabetes mellitus patients., Conclusion: Elevated fibrinogen level is related to the severity of CAD.