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3D printing technology is widely used in the manufacturing of fine ceramic fields due to its simple operation, rapid molding, and applications in preparation of complex structures. In this paper, the characteristics of different 3D printing technologies in ceramic preparation were reviewed based on the material morphology of 3D printing ceramics. The application and mechanism of binder and dispersant applied in direct ink writing, stereolithography and inkjet printing 3D printing technology of ceramics were introduced, and these additive components of water based and non-water based were summarized and discussed, aiming to provide reference for the preparation of high-performance ceramic samples via 3D printing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the changes of facial soft tissue before and after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion., Methods: Between August 2016 and April 2017, 30 patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion who underwent maxillary LeFort Ⅰ osteotomy and sagittal split mandible osteotomy were selected as study subjects. Among them, 11 were male and 19 were female with an average age of 22.6 years (range, 18-35 years). Full head CT scan and facial soft tissue three-dimensional image scan were performed within 2 weeks before surgery and at 6 months after surgery. A three-dimensional facial image model was established using Artec Studio 11.0 and CMF Proplan 3.0 software to analyze the facial soft tissue changes before and after surgery. The soft tissue anatomical landmarks in each area of the face were measured and compared before and after surgery., Results: The area of facial soft tissue change after surgery was the maxillary nose and the lower jaw area, and the two sides did not exceed the vertical boundary of the outer canthus. After surgery, the horizontal points of bilateral alar bases and bilateral cheeks changed significantly ( P <0.05). The sagittal points of subnasale, pronasale, bilateral alar bases, upper lip margin significantly forwarded ( P <0.05); the sagittal points of the bilateral cheilions, lower lip margin, midpoint of chin-lip groove, pogonion, and menton significantly backwarded ( P <0.05). The vertical points of the upper lip margin, bilateral cheilions, lower lip margin, bilateral cheeks, and bilateral inner canthus points significantly descended ( P <0.05), and the vertical point of the menton significantly elevated ( P <0.05). After surgery, the nasal column was significantly shortened, the upper lip got longer and the alar base widened when compared with those before surgery ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The overall change of face after double jaw surgery is shorter and fuller, and the mandible of facial soft tissue change is larger than that of maxillary, which suggests that the postoperative facial changes should be taken into account in the surgical design.