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The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Bacillus pumilus (GXUN613L) on the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of coho salmon. A total of 240 coho salmon with initial body mass of (130.2±10.1) g were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates in each group and 20 coho salmon in each replicate. Bacillus pumilus (GXUN613L) was supplemented with 0, 2x107, 4x109, and 8x1011 CFU/g in basal diet in CK group, LL group, LM group, and LH group, respectively. The trial period was six weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of coho salmon in LL group and LM group were significantly higher than those in CK group (P<0.05), the protein efficiency ratio of coho salmon in LM group was significantly higher than that in CK group (P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in CK group (P<0.05). Serum total protein, albumin and total cholesterol in LL group, LM group, and LH group were significantly higher than those in CK group (P<0.05). Serum glucose content and alkaline phosphatase activity in LM group were significantly higher than those in CK group (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity of liver in LM group were significantly higher than those in CK group (P<0.05). The muscular layer thickness and villus height of foregut and hindgut in LM group were significantly higher than those in CK group (P<0.05), and the intestinal microbial diversity was better. The result shows that the addition of Bacillus pumilus (GXUN613 L) in feed can promote the growth, improve the serum indexes and intestinal health, and enhance the antioxidant capacity of coho salmon. The suitable addition amount of GXUN613L is 4x109 CFU/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the needs of the society for public services, the government actively explores the purchase of public services from social forces. With the continuous promotion and cultivation of small and medium-sized water conservancy project operation and maintenance service market by the government, the subject of undertaking has gradually become diversified, and how to select the contractor is crucial. However, there is no complete method for the government to select the contractor of small and medium-sized water conservancy project operation and maintenance service. Combined with the current situation of water conservancy public service purchase in China and the characteristics of operation and maintenance services for small and medium-sized water conservancy projects, a two-stage selection mechanism for small and medium-sized water conservancy project operation and maintenance service providers is proposed. The indicator system for contractor selection is constructed respectively, and the VIKOR evaluation model is established. Finally, the scientific and rational selection mechanism of the contractor is proved with examples, providing a reference for the selection of water conservancy public service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface broadband emissivity in the thermal infrared region is an important parameteras for the studies of the surface energy balance. This paper analyzed and offered an equation to estimate the surface broadband emissivity for the spectral domains 8～14 μm against the MODIS data, and then, the distribution characteristic of surface emissivity for Taklimakan Desert was obtained with this equation. Firstly, along two highways crossing the Taklimakan Desert, twenty sample sites were selected and their spectral of broadband emissivity were observed with Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Secondly, using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) land surface temperature and emissivity product MOD11A1 and MOD11C1, derived emissivities in three thermal infrared channels 29 (8.4～8.7 μm), 31 (10.78～11.28 μm) and 32 (11.77～12.27 μm) and MODIS surface reflectance products MOD09A1, derived reflectance in near-infrared channel 7 (2.105～2.155 μm), developing an empirical regression equation to convert these spectral emissivities and reflectance to a broadband emissivity. The FTIR data were used to determine the coefficients of the regression equation, another part of FTIR data were used to investigate the accuracy of equation. It was found that the equation consist of MODIS channels 29, 31 and 32 has more accuracy; furthermore, the accuracy is improved when channel 7 data was added in the regression equation. The root mean square error (RMSE) and Bias were 0.004 5 and 0.000 1, respectively. Comparing to other six equations originated from literatures, which also estimate the surface broadband emissivity from narrowband emissivities. The RMSE and Bias of our equation are lower one order and two orders of magnitude than other six equations, respectively. Lastly, our equation is applied in the Taklimakan Desert area to build a distribution image of emissivity based on MODIS data. It demonstrates that the emissivity of Taklimakan Desert is in the range of 0.880～0.910 over the central regions, the averaged value is 0.906; The emissivity is in the range of 0.910～0.940 where the areas covered by spare vegetation; The emissivity is in range of 0.950～0.980 where the regions near to the oasis.

Objective: To assess the quality of Paeonia lactiflora roots by the multi-bioactive chemical markers., Methods: Total of66 Paeonia lactiflora roots samples were collected from Sichuan,Zhejiang and Anhui. An UHPLC-DAD technique was employed to quantify the contents of paeoniflorin,hydroypaeoniflorin,abiflorin,pentagalloyglucose,benzoypaeoni-florin,paeonol,gallic and catechin in these samples. These chemical components in each sample were also calculated by Principal Component Analysis( PCA)., Results: The eight bioactive components were good separated in 30 min on the UHPLC chromatogram. The correlation coefficients between peak areas and concentration for these bioactive components were not less than 0. 9990( n = 6). And their recoveries were in the range of95. 94% ~ 100. 92%( n = 6). The contents of paeoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora roots samples collected from Sichuan,Zhejiang and Anhui were 40. 54 mg / g( n = 23),33. 09 mg / g( n = 22) and 39. 47 mg / g( n = 21),respectively. The values of PCA were 0. 4435( n = 23)for the samples from Sichuan,0. 0122( n = 22) for the samples from Zhejiang and- 4. 9850( n = 21) for the samples from Anhui. The content of paeoniflorin in biennial,triennial,four-year,five-year and six-year old Paeonia lactiflora roots were 24. 76( n = 2),37. 17( n= 16),37. 83( n = 23),39. 71( n = 16) and 37. 45 mg / g( n = 7),respectively., Conclusion: The developed method can accurately quantify the content of principal bioactive compounds in Paeonia lactiflora roots. The quality is various among Paeonia lactiflora roots cultivated in Sichuan, Zhejiang and Anhui on the basis of paeoniflorin content or the value of PCA,but the quality of Paeonia lactiflora roots cultivated in Sichuan is the best. Moreover, it is suggested Paeonia lactiflora roots should be harvested in third or fourth year based on the output and quality.

A double wire pulsed MIG welding test system was built in the present paper, in order to analyze the heat-coupling mechanism of double wire pulsed MIG welding, and study are temperature field. Spectroscopic technique was used in diagnostic analysis of the are, plasma radiation was collected by using hollow probe method to obtain the arc plasma optical signal The electron temperature of double wire pulsed MIG welding arc plasma was calculated by using Boltzmann diagram method, the electron temperature distribution was obtained, a comprehensive analysis of the arc was conducted combined with the high speed camera technology and acquisition means of electricity signal. The innovation of this paper is the combination of high-speed camera image information of are and optical signal of arc plasma to analyze the coupling mechanism for dual arc, and a more intuitive analysis for are temperature field was conducted. The test results showed that a push-pull output was achieved and droplet transfer mode was a drop in a pulse in the welding process; Two arcs attracted each other under the action of a magnetic field, and shifted to the center of the arc in welding process, so a new heat center was formed at the geometric center of the double arc, and flowing up phenomenon occurred on the arc; Dual arc electronic temperature showed an inverted V-shaped distribution overall, and at the geometric center of the double arc, the arc electron temperature at 3 mm off the workpiece surface was the highest, which was 16,887.66 K, about 4,900 K higher than the lowest temperature 11,963.63 K.