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以胜利褐煤为原料，通过浓硫酸一步炭化磺化法制备煤基固体酸催化剂，以油酸和甲醇的酯化反应评价催化剂的催化活性。采用单因素实验考察了固液比、磺化温度、磺化时间对催化活性的影响。采用红外光谱、元素分析、BET、SEM、XRD、热重分析等对煤基固体酸催化剂进行表征。结果表明，当磺化温度为110 ℃、磺化时间为90 min、固液比为1∶ 17时，煤基固体酸催化剂具有最优的催化活性，其催化油酸和甲醇的酯化反应的酯化率达到93.50%。煤基固体酸催化剂为具有较低石墨化程度的无定形碳结构，磺酸基已成功键合到了碳基载体上，同时具有丰富的含氧官能团，其表面呈现密集孔结构，且以介孔为主。煤基固体酸催化剂在低于140 ℃时具有较好的热稳定性，重复使用5次后，催化酯化率为57.21%。 Using Shengli lignite as raw material, coal based solid acid catalyst was prepared by one-step carbonization sulfonation of concentrated sulfuric acid. The catalytic activity of the catalyst was evaluated by esterification reaction of oleic acid and methanol.The effects of solid-liquid ratio, sulfonation temperature and sulfonation time on the catalytic activity were investigated.The coal based solid acid catalyst was characterized by IR, EA, BET, SEM, XRD and TG-DTG.The results showed that when the sulfonation temperature was 110 ℃, the sulfonation time was 90 min, and the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶ 17, the coal based solid acid catalyst had the best catalytic activity with the esterification rate reaching 93.50%.The catalyst was amorphous carbon structure with low graphitization degree. The sulfonic acid group was successfully bonded to the carbon-based support. The catalyst had abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, and its surface presented dense pore structure, which was mainly mesoporous. The catalyst had better thermal stability below 140 ℃. After repeated use for 5 times, the esterification rate was 57.21%.

Existing gray visual secret sharing (GVSS) convert the original image into black-white binary image for processing, which causes the pixel information loss problem. For this purpose, a kind of GVSS based on gray superposition was proposed. For each gray-scale pixel, the corresponding encoding matrix was designed to generate gray share image. On this basis, the schemes for (2, 2), (2, n), (n, n) threshold structures were designed. Compared with the existing schemes, the proposed scheme effectively reduces pixel expansion and achieves the perfect reconstruction of gray secret images.

The thickness of interconnect line (THK) in copper interconnect trench plays a crucial role in the performance of integrated circuit, making it an important evaluation parameter in IC manufacturing process. FA/O II as copper chelating agent, potassium citrate (CAK) as accelerator, and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) as bacteriostatic agent were added to an oxidant- and corrosion inhibitor-free alkaline slurry for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of the barrier layer of copper interconnect, and the effects of their mass fractions in the slurry on the removal rates of Cu and TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and THK were studied. The results showed that the removal rate ratio of TEOS to Cu influences the THK, and the THK is negatively correlated with the resistance of barrier layer. The removal rate ratio of TEOS to Cu was about 1.7 when the mass fractions of FA/O II, CAK, and BIT in the slurry were 0.8%, 1%, and 0.04%, respectively, the THK was 225 nm, and the resistance of barrier layer was 0.18 Ω, meeting the requirements of industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for more than 80% of the patients with brain injury. Most patients with mTBI have no abnormalities in CT examination. Therefore, most patients choose to self-care and recover rather than seeking medical treatment. In fact, mTBI may result in persistent cognitive decline and neurobehavioral dysfunction. In addition, changes occurred in neurochemistry, metabolism, and cells after injury may cause changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), which is one of the causes of secondary injury and slow brain repair. This study aims to evaluate the changes of CBF with the progression of the disease in patients with mTBI based on arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging technology., Methods: In the outpatient or emergency department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 43 mTBI patients were collected as an mTBI group, and 43 normal subjects with age, gender, and education level matching served as a control group. They all received clinical neuropsychology and cognitive function evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging. In the mTBI group, 22 subjects were followed up at acute phase, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months. Based on the control group, the abnormal regions of CBF in the whole brain of mTBI patients were analyzed. The abnormal regions were taken as the regions of interest (ROI). The correlation of the values of the CBF in ROIs with clinical indications, cognitive function, and the changes of CBF in ROI at each time point during the follow-up were analyzed., Results: Compared with the control group, the CBF in the bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and auxiliary motor areas in the cortical region, as well as the right putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and parahippocampus in the subcutaneous regions in the acute phase of the mTBI group were significantly increased (all P <0.01, TFCE-FWE correction). The analysis results of correlation of CBF with neuropsychology and cognitive domain showed that in the mTBI group, whole brain ( r= 0.528, P< 0.001), right caudate nucleus ( r =0.512, P <0.001), putamen ( r =0.486, P <0.001), and globus pallidus ( r =0.426, P =0.006) values of the were positively correlated with Backward Digit Span Test (BDST) score (reflectting working memory ability), and the right globus pallidus CBF was negatively correlated with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Cheeklist-CivilianVersion (PCL-C) score ( r =-0.402, P =0.010). Moreover, the follow-up study showed that abnormal CBF in these areas had not been restored. The correlation of CBF was negatively correlated with PCL-C and BDST at 1 months, 3 months, and 12 months (all P >0.05)., Conclusions: The elevated CBF value is one of the stress characteristics of brain injury in the mTBI patients at the acute phase. There is abnormal elevation of CBF values in multiple cortex or subcortical areas. Multi-time point studies show that there is no obvious change of CBF in abnormal areas, suggesting that potential clinical treatment is urgently needed for the mTBI patients.

Pure microbial fermentation is the primary means of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production at present, but high cost limits its large-scale application. In recent years, the synthesis of PHA by mixed microbial culture of activated sludge has been extensively studied. Combining the residual sludge treatment with PHA synthesis not only eliminates the sterilization process necessary for pure culture, but also utilizes residual sludge as resource. The hydrolysis and acidification of the residual sludge, the enrichment and acclimation of the consortium and the PHA synthesis are affected by environmental factors. The intensive biosynthesis mechanism study is helpful for the application of mixed culture to synthesize PHA. This paper introduces the feasibility of using residual sludge to synthesize PHA, the factors affecting the hydrolysis and acidification of residual sludge, the accumulation and domestication of PHA by sludge microbial consortium and its mechanism.

A method was developed for the determination of 42 glucocorticoids in infant eczema products by auto-solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ASPE-UHPLC-MS/MS).The analytes were extracted by acetonitrile after dispersing in saturated sodium chloride solution.Macromolecules matrix were precipitated by adding potassium and zinc acetate, and then purified by HLB SPE column.The chromatographic separations were performed on a DIKMA Endeavorsil TM C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm).Acetonitrile and 0.1%(v/v) formic acid aqueous solution were used as the mobile phases.Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was operated in the positive mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning mode.The results were quantified by external standard method.The correlation coefficients of linear calibration curves were greater than 0.998 in the corresponding mass concentration ranges.The average recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 78.7% to 101.5%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.0%-8.8%( n =6).The LODs ( S/N ≥ 3) and LOQs were 0.002-0.031 mg/kg and 0.0007-0.103 mg/kg, respectively.The method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable, and can be used for the detection of glucocorticoids in infant eczema products.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of acupoint massage for postpartum hypogalactia in puerpera., Methods: A total of 60 puerpera of cesarean section were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the observation group, 2 cases were dropped out. Finally, there were 28 cases in the observation group and 30 cases in the control group. In the control group, the routine nursing after operation in obstetrics department was given, guiding maternal breastfeeding and postpartum health education. In the observation group, on the basis of the treatment as the control group, the corresponding acupoints were selected from the breast related meridians for massage. Acupoint massage was given since the 3rd day after operation, 8:00 am to 9:00 am, once a day, 1 min at one acupoint, continuously for 5 days. The lactation volume, breast filling, galactostasis and milk viscosity were compared in the parturient of the two groups. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups., Results: From the 1st to the 2nd days, the differences were not significant in lactation volume, breast filling and galactostasis score between the two groups (all P >0.05). From the 3rd to 5th days, the lactation volume, breast filling and galactostasis score in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (all P <0.01). The difference in milk viscosity was not significant in the first 4 days between the two groups (all P >0.05). On the 5th day, the score of milk viscosity in the observation group was lower than that in the control group ( P <0.01). The cured rate was 64.3% (18/28) in the observation group, which was better than 13.3% (4/30) in the control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Massage at the acupoints from the breast related meridians effectively promotes the lactation secretion in puerpera of postpartum hypogalactia and alleviates breast distention.

Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for various diseases, but knowledge on acute hyperuricemia is still not sufficient. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of acute hyperuricemia on red blood cells from hemorheological point of view, and to provide the reference for clinical treatment. The rats were gavaged with 500 mg/kg hypoxanthine and intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg oxonate to induce the model of acute hyperuricemia. The same volume of blood samples were drawn within time period of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 6 h, respectively, from the inner canthus of rats to measure the serum uric acid, hemorheological parameters and the malondialdehyde level. It was found that in each period of 1, 2 and 3 h, the rats had significantly higher levels of uric acid. The integrated deformation index and relax index were increased. The hemolysis rate was significantly reduced. The plasma malondialdehyde level was obviously decreased at the end of 2 h. The results suggested that short-term elevated uric acid could improve the hemorheological parameters and the lipid oxidative level in red blood cells.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of bazedoxifene, the third-generation selective ER modulator (SERM), on endometriosis lesions in a rat model., Methods: Endometriosis was induced by transplanting pieces of endometrium from other syngeneic rats that were as donors onto the subcutaneous of other unmated female rats. The rats with successful ectopic implants were divided into two groups: control group (n=10) and bazedoxifene group (n=10). The macroscopic morphology, volume, histopathology of ectopic implant and rats uterine wet weight were determined before and after the treatment. Expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), ER and PR in the eutopic endometrium and endometriosis lesions detected by immunohistochemistry in the two groups., Results: (1) The gross morphology and histological changes of endometriosis lesions in rats after treatment: compared with the control group, it was obviously depauperated and had more less glands and blood vessels in the stroma. (2) The change of rats' weight, the volume of endometriosis lesion before and after treatment and rats uterine wet weigh after treatment respectively in the control group and the bazedoxifene group: rats' weight were respectively before treatment: (201±17) g, (202±18) g, that were respectively after treatment: (266±16) g, (261±16) g, which showed no significant difference between two groups before and after treatment (P>0.05). The volume of ectopic implant before treatment were respectively (85±17) mm3, (85±12) mm3, and showed no significant difference between two groups; that were respectively (48±11) mm3, (24±9) mm3 afte rtreatment, which was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). Rats uterine wet weight after treatment were respectively: (0.77±0.16) g, (0.45±0.18) g, and was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P<0.05). (3) The protein expression levels of PCNA, ER and PR in the endometriosis lesions after treatment were respectively 0.282±0.044, 0.51±0.06, 0.49±0.05 in the control group, 0.191±0.020, 0.23±0.03, 0.48±0.06 in the bazedoxifene group; that in eutopic endometrium were respectively 0.369±0.081, 0.56±0.08, 0.56±0.10 in the control group, 0.211±0.037, 0.27±0.05, 0.54±0.08 in the bazedoxifene group; the protein expression levels of PCNA and ER in endometriosis lesions and the eutopic endometrium were significantly decreased in the bazedoxifene group compared with the control group (P<0.05), but the protein levels of PR in endometriosis lesionsand and the eutopic endometrium were not significantly altered by treatment (P>0.05)., Conclusion: Bazedoxifene could obviously reduce the size of endometriosis lesions, the mechanism may be related with suppressing estrogen-induced proliferation, the expression of ER and direct ER antagonism by this SERM.

Objective: To study the conditions of callus induction and plantlet regeneration of Prunella vulgaris., Method: By using the orthogonal experiment design, different explants, sucrose, plant growth substances and their ratio for callus induction and differentiation were optimized., Result and Conclusion: The inductivity of leaves was the highest, followed by stems, but callus of the leafstalks could not be induced. The main factor of affecting the formation of callus was 6-BA. The optimal medium for callus induction was MS + 6-BA 3.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.1 mg x L(-1) + 2,4-D 0.5 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 3%. The optimal medium for callus differentiation was 1/2 MS + 6-BA 3.25 mg x L(-1) + NAA 1.25 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 2%. The optimal medium for rooting was MS + IBA 1.0 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 3%.