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The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of adding composite enzymes to low-protein diets on the growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, digestive enzyme activities, nutrient apparent metabolic rate, and nitrogen metabolism of white feathered broilers. A total of 288 one-day-old white feathered broilers were randomly divided into six groups, with six replicates per group and eight broilers per replicate. The experimental period was 42 days. The experimental diet was designed in two stages: 1~21 days and 22~42 days. The control group (T1 group) was fed a basal diet with crude protein content of 21.28% and 20.09%, respectively. The T2 group was the low-protein diet with crude protein content of 20.24% and 19.08%. The T3 and T4 groups were fed low-protein diets supplemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg of composite enzyme A, respectively, and the T5 and T6 groups were fed low-protein diets supplemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg of composite enzyme B, respectively. The results showed that during the periods of 22~42 and 1~42 days, the feed conversion ratio of T2, T5, and T6 groups was lower than that of the T1 group (P>0.05). At 42 days, the trypsin activity in the duodenum of the T4 group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), the nutrient apparent metabolic rate of dry matter in the T6 group was significantly higher than that of the T1, T3, and T4 groups (P<0.05), the apparent metabolic ratio of crude protein was significantly higher than that of the T1 and T4 groups (P<0.05), and the nitrogen excretion rate was significantly lower than that of the T1 and T4 groups (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of composite enzymes to the diet can improve the impact of low-protein diets on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of white feathered broilers during the later stages of growth, increase the nutrient apparent metabolic rate of crude protein, reduce nitrogen excretion, and the addition effect of the T6 group is relatively better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the three major advantages of reducing feed costs and protein feed usage, improving feed utilization efficiency, and reducing environmental pollution, low-protein diet technology has a very broad application prospect. The application of low-protein diets in the production of laying hens has become a research hotspot, but the research results are not consistent. This article reviews the effects of low-protein diets on the production performance, egg quality, and nitrogen excretion of laying hens, as well as the key factors affecting the application effect of low-protein diets, providing a reference for the promotion and application of low-protein diet technology in the production of laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serious shortage of protein feed resources and greenhouse gases emissions from livestock production system have become two major bottlenecks restricting the high-quality and sustainable devel‐ opment of animal husbandry in China. Low-protein diet technology is based on the precise nutrient re‐ quirement of animals to achieve stable or improved production performance by lowering the feed cost. Methane is an inevitable product of ruminant physiological metabolism, representing not only an impor‐ tant energy loss, but also a critical source of greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, the research on the effect of low-protein diet on production performance, enteric methane emissions of ruminants have increasingly become an important area. Therefore, this paper briefly summarized the definition and characteristics of low-protein diet used for ruminants in recent years, and reviewed the impact of low-protein diet on growth performance, milk pro‐ duction, and enteric methane emissions, and explored the possible mechanism of action behind the low-protein diet to provide theoretical reference for the research and application of this technology in ruminant production regimes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-protein diet was an important direction for the development of livestock and poultry nutrition. The feed formula for broilers based on the standard ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) calculation can more accurately and reasonably reflect the digestion ability of poultry to feed protein and reduce nitrogen excretion. Therefore, using standard ileal amino acid digestibility to design a dietary formula is a prerequisite for low protein nutrition. The article reviews the recently research and the existing problems on determination of standard ileal amino acid digestibility in poultry, in order to provide a reference for establishing a database of standard ileal amino acid digestibility parameters for feed ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate how a low-protein diet during pregnancy and lactation affects the islet function in the female offspring mice, and to explore the potential mechanisms using transcriptome sequencing technology. Methods Thirty-three female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups according to a random number table method on the day of conception and given a control diet (22% protein) (13 mice) and a low-protein diet (9% protein) (20 mice) throughout pregnancy and lactation, respectively. After weaning, all offspring were given a standard diet. The female offspring were divided into the control diet group (CD group, 20 mice) and the low protein diet group (LPD group, 20 mice) based on their maternal diet. Body weight and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) data of the female offspring were collected. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), simultaneous serum insulin release test (IRT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) were performed to assess the function of the offspring islets and their insulin sensitivity. Long non-cody RNA (LncRNA) from the offspring primary islets were extracted for transcriptome sequencing. The bioinformatics analysis applied between the targeted genes and the differentially expressed messenger RNA (mRNA). Experimental verification of biosignature analysis was performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. To verify the expression of (lactate dehydrogenase A) Ldha, a common differential gene of mRNA and LncRNA predicted target genes, we performed immunofluorescence staining on paraffin sections of pancreatic tissue. Thereafter, LncRNA Gm38850 knockdown Min6 cell model was constructed to study the effect of Gm38850 on islet function and its regulatory relationship with Ldha. Group comparisons were conducted using either independent samples t-test or corrected t-test. Results The LPD group showed impaired glucose tolerance (P<0.05) and reduced insulin release (P<0.05) at week 17 of age compared to the CD group. However, no significant differences were observed in FPG and blood glucose area under curve of IPITT. Whole transcriptome sequencing screened a total of 55 differentially expressed mRNAs (42 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated) and 4 differentially expressed LncRNA (all down-regulated) in islet cells between the two groups. The pathway enrichment analysis suggested that these differentially expressed RNAs were mainly involved in the biological functions of the pyruvate metabolism, interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway, glucagon pathway, advanced glycation end-products-receptor for advanced glycation end-products (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. The experimental validation results of pancreatic tissues were consistent with the trend of the biosignature analysis results. Among them, immunofluorescence staining showed that Ldha expression was up-regulated in the pancreatic islets of mice in the LPD group, and that cellular Ldha expression was up-regulated after knockdown of the LncRNA Gm38850 in Min6 cells. We also observed a significant reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the Gm38850 knock-down cells. Conclusion A low-protein diet during pregnancy and lactation may impair islet function in the offspring female mice, possibly due to epigenetic changes in the islets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to investigate the effects of low protein diet based on amino acid balance on the milk production efficiency, milk quality, and carbon and nitrogen emission of dairy cows. A total of 60 healthy dairy cows with 2~3 parturients, 80 days of lactation, and a milk yield of 42~43 kg were randomly divided into two groups: A control group (high protein group, 17.5% CP) and a test group (low protein group, 16% CP + rumen lysine, rumen digestion rate 85%, intestinal absorption rate 95%), with five replicates in each group and six cows in each replicate. The preliminary trial period was seven days, and the formal trial period was 90 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the dry matter intake of the test group had an increasing trend, but there were no significant differences in milk yield and milk production efficiency ( P>0.05). Lactose in milk composition of the test group was higher than that of control group at the 30th days and the 60th days ( P<0.05), the MUN content of the test group was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, and other milk composition between the control group and the test group ( P>0.05). During the experiment, the concentrations of CO2 and NH3 in the test group were both lower than those in the control group. The study indicates that the addition of rumen lysine in diets with low protein level can reduce carbon and nitrogen emissions without affecting production level and product quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of Bacteroides on liver lipid metabolism in laying hens with fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) induced by high-energy and low-protein diet. Eighty 210-day-old Dawu Jinfeng laying hens weighing (1.5±0.2) kg were randomly divided into four groups with five replicates in each group and four hens in each replicate. The control group (Group C) was fed with basal diet, the model group (Group M) was fed with high energy and low protein (HELP) diet, the low dose Bacteroides group (Group BL) was fed with HELP diet + 1 x 109 CFU/mL Bacteroides, and the high dose Bacteroides group (Group BH) was fed with HELP diet + 1 x 1011 CFU/mL Bacteroides. The trial period was 70 days. The results showed that compared with Group C, the liver of Group M was greasy, brittle and fragile, with a large number of fat vacuoles and red-stained fat droplets, the liver index and abdominal fat rate increased significantly (P<0.05), and the serum TG, TC, LDL-C concentrations and AST, ALT activities increased significantly (P<0.05), while HDL-C concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with Group M, Group BL and Group BH showed significant improvement in liver fat vacuoles and red stained lipid droplets in laying hens, the liver index significantly decreased (P<0.05), the levels of serum TG, TC, LDL-C, as well as the activities of AST and ALT, were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the levels of HDL-C were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with Group BH, serum TG, TC concentrations and AST activity in BL group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while HDL-C concentration increased significantly (P<0.05). Study shows that Bacteroides can improve lipid metabolism disorder and liver function damage caused by FLHS. Bacteroides with 1 x 109 CFU/mL is more effective in regulating liver lipid metabolism in FLHS laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of a new type of low-protein enteral nutrition on the nutritional status of patients with chronic kidney disease in stage 3-4 under the guidance of individualized diet. Methods Sixty follow-up outpatients in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The two groups were followed up on intervention day 0, day 45, and day 90. According to the principle of intentional analysis, the generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the between-group differences, time change trend, and interaction effect, and the principle of data analysis in accordance with the scheme was used to further verify the stability of results. Results There was no significant difference in nutritional adequacy, clinical effectiveness, and anthropometric indexes between the test group and the control group (P > 0.05). During the intervention period, when the energy intake was stable, the intake of protein (於=17.680, P<0,001) and sodium salt (=21.427, P<0»001) decreased significantly, while the total protein (於=18,075, P<0.001), calcium (护=9.43& P=0,009), phosphorus (护=13.866; P=0.001), and uric acid (於=9,005, P=0.011) fluctuated within the normal range. The results of data analysis in accordance with the scheme were basically consistent with those of intentionality analysis. Only the time change trend of upper arm muscle circumference (於=6.435: P=0.040) and the comparison of energy ratio between groups (於=4.47& P=0.034) were significantly different. Conclusion The new low-protein enteral nutrition preparation is not inferior to the total nutritional formula food for special medical use in improving the nutritional status of patients and delaying the progression of the disease. The use of enteral nutrition under dietary guidance is beneficial to the clinical nutrition management of patients with chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of adding limiting amino acids in low protein diets on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen emissions of growing barrows. Thirty-two Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire boars with initial body weight [(24.16±2.23) kg] were randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group A was the normal protein level diet group, namely 18% crude protein (CP), the experimental group B, C and D were low protein level diets, which were 15% CP, 14% CP and 13% CP, and supplemented with lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan and isoleucine, respectively. The experiment lasted for 35 days. The results showed that: ① reducing dietary protein level to 14% had no significant effect on the growth performance of growing barrows (P>0.05) and decreased to 13% could significantly reduce the final weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake (P<0.05). ② The nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen emission, urinary nitrogen emission and total nitrogen emission of growing barrows were decreased with the decrease of dietary protein level. The urinary nitrogen and total nitrogen emissions of each experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01), the urinary nitrogen emissions in group B, C and D were reduced by 37.86%, 46. 11% and 52. 21%, respectively, and the total nitrogen emissions in group B, C and D were reduced by 22.57%, 28.80% and 32. 48%, respectively. There was no significant difference in nitrogen deposition and nitrogen deposition rate among all groups (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in nitrogen deposition and nitrogen deposition rate among all group (P>0.05); The apparent biological value of nitrogen in each experimental group was higher than that in the control group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). ③ Serum urea nitrogen was mainly affected by dietary CP level. Compared with the control group, the serum urea nitrogen content of each experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum total protein, albumin, blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels among all the groups (P> 0.05). ④ Compared with the control group, the weight gain cost of group B was decreased by 1.99% (P> 0.05), and the weight gain cost of group C was decreased by 1.94% (P>0.05). It can be seen that when the CP level was reduced to 14% after the addition of restrictive amino acids to the low-protein diet, it not only had no significant effect on the production performance of growing pigs, but also significantly reduced urinary nitrogen and total nitrogen emissions, and the cost of weight gain was also lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most livestock in China are raised on corn-soybean meal-based diets, but protein feed resources are in short supply in China, and the major protein feeds depend on imports. In addition to the implementation of low-protein diets, the development of non-conventional protein feed resources can also reduce the pressure of protein feed deficiency. Soybean crud residue is a by-product of soybean production of tofu, soymilk and soy milk, and is produced in large quantities each year. Soybean crud residue has high protein and low fat nutritional characteristics, and is also rich in mineral elements, which has high development value and is a potential protein feed resource for animals. Adding the appropriate proportion to livestock diets can reduce the cost of raising livestock. The article reviews the nutritional composition of soybean curd residue, the effect of different treatment methods on soybean curd residue and its application in livestock production, so as to provide a basis for the development of bean curd residue as a protein feed for livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of supplementing leucine and tryptophan in low protein diets on growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, immune performance, and antioxidant capacity of weaned calves. Chinese Holstein calves with good health and similar birth weight (42±2) kg were randomly divided into five groups. The groups were HK group (22% CP level of open food), LK group (19% CP level of open food), L group (19% CP level containing 1.15% Leu of open food), T group (19% CP level of 0.26% Trp of open food), LT group (19% CP level of 1.15% Leu+ 0.26% Trp of open food). There were 12 replicates in each group with one calve in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 72 d. The results showed that final weight, average daily feed intake and average daily gain in LT group were higher than HK group (P<0.05). Three days before weaning, the content of BUN and IL-1 were lower than HK group (P<0.05). While the content of TP, IgM, interferon-γ, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly increased in LT group (P<0.05). On the day of weaning, compared with HK group, the activity of TP, IgA, IL-2 and T-AOC significantly increased (P<0.05). On the third day after weaning, the content of TNF-α was significantly increased in LT group (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that supplementation of Leu (1.15%) and Trp (0.26%) in low protein diet increased average daily gain and average daily feed intake of weaned calves, improve calf growth performance, enhanced immunity and oxidation ability of weaned calves, and alleviated weaning stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding complex enzyme preparation in low protein diet on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, intestinal morphology and immune organ indices of broilers. A total of 400 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups, with five replicates in each group and 20 broilers in each replicate (half in male and female) in a single-factor completely randomized design. The broilers in positive control group were fed with a corn-soybean meal basal diet, while the broilers in negative control group were fed with a low protein diet. Compound enzyme group 1 and compound enzyme group 2 were supplemented with 100 and 200 g/t compound enzyme preparations. The experiment lasted for 42 d. The results showed that compared with positive control group, the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers aged 1~21 d in negative control group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly increased (P<0.05). The average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers aged 1~42 d were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with negative control group, feed intake and average daily gain of broilers in compound enzyme group 1 and compound enzyme group 2 were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the negative control group, the serum TC content of broilers in compound enzyme group 1 at 21 d of age was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum TG content of broilers in compound enzyme group 1 and compound enzyme group 2 at 21 d of age was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with negative control group, duodenal crypt depth of broilers in compound enzyme group 1 and compound enzyme group 2 at 21 d of age was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the ratio of jejunum villus height to crypt depth in compound enzyme group 2 was significantly increased (P<0.05), and ileum villus height in compound enzyme group 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Duodenal villus height of broilers at 42 d of age in compound enzyme group 1 and compound enzyme group 2 was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the ratio of duodenal villus height to crypt depth of broilers in compound enzyme group 2 was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that adding compound enzyme preparation to low protein diet can improve growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and intestinal morphology of broilers to varying degrees of broilers, among which adding 200 g/t has better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of exogenous protease on production performance and economic benefits of Luhua chicken. A total of 240 castrated Luhua chickens with similar body weight and age were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicates. Group A (control group) was standard protein diet, group B was a low protein diet group, group C was with low protein diet + 200 mg/kg exogenous protease, group D was with low protein diet + 400 mg/kg exogenous protease. The test period was 10 w. The results showed that compared with control group, the body weight at the end of the test in group B was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the body weight at the end of the test in group C and group D was significantly higher than that in group B (P<0.05). The ADG of Luhua chickens in group B was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). The F/G of group B was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), while F/G of group D was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the slaughtering rate of group B was significantly lower (P<0.05), group C and group D significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.05). The semi-clean bore rate of group B was significantly lower than that of control group, group C and group D (P<0.05). The spleen index of group B was significantly lower than that of control group, group C and group D (P<0.05). The drip loss rate of group B and group C was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), but the drip loss rate of group D was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). The relative expression of MUC2 gene in group B was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), and the relative expression of MUC2 gene in group D was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The aquaculture profit of group D was 10.47% higher than that of control group, while that of group B and group C was 22.27% and 3.14% lower than that of control group, respectively. The experiment indicates that adding exogenous protease to low protein diet can improve growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, immune function and digestive function of Luhua chicken, the effect of adding 400 mg/kg exogenous protease is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of adding compound enzyme peptides in low protein diet on growth performance, slaughter performance and odor in excreta of broilers. A total of 390 one-day-old Hubbard broilers were randomly divided into five groups, with six replicates in each group and 13 broilers in each replicate. Broilers in normal protein group (NP group) were fed with a basal diet (crude protein levels in early, middle and late periods were 22%, 20% and 19%, respectively), while broilers in low protein group (LP group) were fed with a low protein amino acid balance diet (crude protein levels in early, middle and late periods were 19%, 17% and 16%, respectively). The other experimental groups were supplemented with 0.2% (group I), 0.4% (group II) and 0.6% (group III) enzyme mycopeptide complex preparations on basis of LP group diet, respectively. The results showed that compared with NP group, the ammonia concentration at 14, 35, 42 d, indoles content and skocyanin content of broilers in LP group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with LP group, ammonia concentration in excreta of broilers in group I, group II and group III at 14 d was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Group III had the best economic benefit, and its profit was 3.09% higher than that of LP group and 8.98% higher than that of NP group. The European benefit index was 15.47% higher than that in LP group and 5.63% higher than that in NP group. The experiment indicates that adding proper amount of enzyme peptides compound preparation in low protein diet can reduce feed to gain ratio, the content of smelly substances in excreta and environmental pollution to a certain extent, and the appropriate dosage is 0.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of low protein diet on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and slaughter performance of meat rabbits. Seventy-two 35-day-old Ila meat rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, with four replicates in each group and six rabbits in each replicate. Meat rabbits in control group were fed with a basal diet (crude protein content was 17.06%), and meat rabbits in test group 1 and test group 2 were fed wth diets with crude protein content of 16.19% and 15.23%, respectively. The experiment lasted for 4 w. The results showed that compared with control group, there was no significant difference in average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed to gain ratio of meat rabbits in low protein diet group (P>0.05). The serum total cholesterol content of meat rabbits in low protein diet group was significantly decreased, and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol content was significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in slaughter performance and organ index between low protein diet group and control group (P>0.05). The experiment indicates that reducing the dietary crude protein level of meat rabbits by 1% to 2% can not affect the growth performance, health level and meat performance of meat rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to study the effect of dietary crude protein and starch levels on rumen fermentation characteristics, to explore the best starch content under different crude protein levels. 2 × 3 two-factor experimental design was used to change the crude protein level and starch level of fermentation substrate by adjusting the ratio of soybean meal and corn to whole-plant corn silage. Low, medium and high starch levels (20%, 30% and 40%) were designed at two crude protein levels (10.50% and 13.00%). There were six treatments, with three replicates in each treatment. 24 and 48 h GP, DMD, pH value, NH3-N, MCP and VFA concentration were measured. The results showed that crude protein level and starch level had significant effect on 24 h and 48 h GP, DMD, pH value, NH3-N concentration and MCP concentration (P<0.05), and starch level significantly affected the content of volatile fatty acids (P<0.05). The effect of starch level on GP, MCP concentration and propionic acid content were different under different CP levels. When CP level was 10.50%, there was no significant difference in dry matter degradation rate, gas production and fermentation parameters between middle and high starch level groups, but when CP level was 13.00%, pH value, NH3-N concentration, acetic acid content and acetic acid/propionic acid ratio decreased significantly with the increase of starch level. When the starch level was constant, the concentrations of pH value and NH3-N decreased significantly, while the gas production, dry matter degradation rate and MCP concentration increased significantly with the increase of crude protein level. The study indicates that properly increasing the protein level and starch level in diet can improve the fermentation parameters to a certain extent. Under the condition of lower crude protein diet, the rumen fermentation effect was better when the starch level was 30%~40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nutritional Sciences Journal is the property of Nutrition Society of Taiwan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of low protein diets supplemented with threonine on growth performance and feed digestibility of Hainan pigs. 64 Hainan pigs with the body weight of (55.31±3.09) kg were randomly divided into four groups, with four replicates in each group and four pigs in each replicate. The pigs in control group were fed with 16% crude protein level and 0.6% threonine level. The crude protein level of trial groups I, group II and group III was 14%, and the supplemental level of threonine was 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively. The experimental group was balanced with lysine, tryptophan, valine and arginine. The experiment lasted for 35 d. The results showed that adding threonine to low protein diet to 0.8% could restore the production performance of Hainan pigs to normal diet level (P>0.05). Low protein diet supplemented with threonine significantly increased the apparent digestibility of CP and P of Hainan pigs (P<0.05), and the apparent digestibility of CP of pigs in group III and group II were 13.46% and 12.03% higher than that in control group. Compared with control group, the apparent digestibility of phosphorus of pigs in group II was increased by 9.02%, and that in group III was increased by 8.00% (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that dietary crude protein reduced to 14% and threonine supplemented to 0.8% can improve feed utilization rate without reducing growth rate of Hainan pigs, and it was suggested to be used in production of Hainan pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to explore the effect of low-protein diet supplemented with taurine on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of Yellow River carp. 360 Yellow River carp were selected and randomly divided into six groups, with three replicates in each group. The Yellow River carp in control group (group Ⅰ) were fed with a full-price diet containing 35% crude protein, and group Ⅱ~group Ⅵ were fed the basic diet containing 25% crude protein + different levels of taurinen (0, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%). The results showed that compared with control group, the weight gain rate and body crude protein content of carp in test group Ⅱ decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the feed coefficient and body crude fat content increased significantly (P<0.05). The liver triglyceride content, liver and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and pancreatic and intestinal lipase and protease activities of carp in test group Ⅱ were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Liver and serum cholesterol and hepatic triglyceride content decreased significantly with the increase of taurine (P<0.05), and liver and serum SOD, pancreatic lipase, intestinal lipase and trypsin activities increased significantly (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that adding appropriate amount of taurine in low protein diet can improve the growth performance of Yellow River carp, and the appropriate addition amount is 0.6%~0.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of different types of low protein diets based on digestible amino acids on laying performance, egg quality, apparent nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes were studied. 648 chickens were randomly divided into nine groups, with six replicates in each group and 12 chickens in each replicate, and 3 x 3 two factor design was adopted. The diet types were corn-soybean meal, corn-soybean meal-cotton meal and corn-soybean-peanut meal diets, and the protein levels were 16.4%, 14.4% and 12.4%. The results showed that reducing dietary protein level had no significant effect on production performance, egg quality, apparent nutrient digestibility, serum total protein, urea nitrogen and uric acid content (P>0.05). Corn-soybean-cotton meal and corn-soybean-peanut meal diets had no significant effect on production performance, egg quality, apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indexes (P>0.05). The interaction of diet type and protein level had no significant effect on egg quality and apparent digestibility of nutrients (P>0.05). Except for group 4 and group 5, the economic benefits of each experimental group were higher than those of the control group. The experiment indicates that the adaptive group are corn-soybean meal + protein level of 12.4%, corn-soybean mealcotton meal + protein level of 16.4%, corn-soybean meal-peanut meal + protein level of 14.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High protein content easily leads to nutrient imbalance in feed, reduces the efficiency of digestion and utilization of nutrients in fish, and increases the discharge of pollutants in aquaculture. It not only increases feed cost, but also easily causes water environment pollution. Reducing feed protein level can effectively reduce ammonia nitrogen emission in animal feces, but it may lead to the degradation of animal production performance. Supplementation of restricted amino acids can improve the protein utilization rate of animals and also reduce the nitrogen emission in the breeding process. Yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is a benthic small economic fish with a large aquaculture yield. This experiment with yellow catfish hybrid larvae as the research object, explore the supplemental methionine and lysine of low protein feed for yellow catfish hybrid larvae growth performance, body composition, transaminase activity and the influence of antioxidant capacity, to cross the yellow catfish hybrid nutrition requirements and related research, and health breeding to provide theoretical basis and reference. In this study, five experimental diets were formulated and there were three protein levels as 42% (control), 37% (LP1) and 32% (LP2). By using the control diet as standard, other two low-protein diets (37% and 32%) and supplementation with lysine and methionine (LP1+AA and LP2+AA) were formulated. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish for 8 weeks, and the initial weight of fish was (0.96±0.01) g. At the end of the experiment, the growth performance, body composition, transaminase activity and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish hybrid were measured. The results showed that compared with the control group, (1) the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of yellow catfish hybrid in LP1 group and LP2 group reduced significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in weight gain rate and specific growth rate between LP1+AA and LP2+AA yellow catfish hybrid (P>0.05). (2) The relative expression levels of GH, IGF-1 in pituitary and GH in hypothalamus of yellow catfish hybrid in LP2 group and LP2+AA group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other groups with control group (P>0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in water content, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash content between muscle and whole fish in each experimental group (P>0.05). (4) There was no significant difference in AST activity in liver and serum among all the groups (P>0.05), and serum ALT activity in LP2 group was significantly higher than that in the control group and LP1+AA group (P<0.05). (5) CAT activity in serum, T-AOC, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and CAT mRNA relative expression in liver of both LP2 and LP2+AA groups decreased, and ROS content in liver and serum increased. There were no significant differences in SOD, CAT, T-AOC, MDA and ROS in liver and serum and Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and CAT mRNA relative expression in liver of LP1+AA groups (P>0.05). These results showed that reducing the protein content of both 5% and 10% in the feed would negatively affect the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish hybrid. Reducing the protein content of the feed by 5% and adding lysine and methionine would not significantly affect the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish hybrid. Therefore, we suggest that the protein content in feed can be reduced by supplementing amino acid in feed production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the effect of sodium ferulate and valsartan combined therapy on diabetic kidney disease （DKD）and renal fibrosis. Methods: One hundred and one cases of patients with DKD who were treated in Jinzhong Hospital affiliated to Shanxi Medical University from January 2017 to December 2018 were studied. They were divided into two groups randomly. Both groups were treated with low protein diet, statins, oral hypoglycemic drugs and/or insulin to control blood glucose. The control group was also treated with valsartan 80 mg/d. The observation group was given 0.3 g sodium ferulate intravenously once a day in addition to valsartan. Both groups were treated continuously for 1 month. Renal function, blood glucose and index of renal fibrosis were detected. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was 92.00 %(46/50), which was significantly higher than that of the control group[68.63%(35/51)](P<0.05). After treatment, serumfibrosis related indicators PCⅢ and CⅣ levels in both groups were significantly re duced (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serumcreatinine, β2-microglobulin and 24 h urine microalbumin excretion of the two groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the changes of the above index in the observation group were more obviously than that of the control group (P<0.05). The GFR level of the two groups were increased (P<0.05), and the changes of the above index in the observation group were more obviously than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sodium ferulate and valsartan combined therapy was effective for the treatment of DKD, and could significantly delay renal fibrosis, and thus protect renal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]