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Objective: To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) gene and the susceptibility of esophageal cancer in Anyang area, Henan Province., Methods: The genomic DNAs of 152 esophageal cancer patients and 191 health controls were extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes. Three fragments covering codons 96, 194, 377, and 427 of the IRF-3 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The SNPs were revealed by DNA sequencing and the genotype of every sample was determined accordingly. The frequency distribution of the SNPs was analyzed by chi(2) test., Results: There were no IRF-3 gene SNPs at codons 96, 194, or 377 in Anyang participants. There was significant difference in the SNPs at codon 427 between the healthy controls and esophageal cancer patients in Anyang area OR=2.38 (95%CI=1.15-4.95,P<0.05)., Conclusion: The SNPs at codon 427 of the IRF-3 gene may relate to the susceptibility of esophageal cancer. The risk of esophageal cancer in participants with C allele is 2.38-fold compared to those with G allele.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the development of upper digestive tract carcinomas., Methods: In situ hybridization (ISH) technique was used to detect the expression of HPV16 E6 mRNA in 40 specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 74 specimens of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma, 40 specimens of adenocarcinoma of gastric corpus, 62 specimens of adenocarcinoma of gastric antrum, all resected during operation, and 58 specimens of normal tissues of gastric mucosa, obtained by endoscopy., Results: The positive rate of HPV16 E6 mRNA was 70% (28/40) in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 67.6% (50/74) in gastric cardiac adenocarcinomas, 47.5% (19/40) in adenocarcinoma of gastric corpus, 35.5% (22/62) in adenocarcinoma of gastric antrum, and 20% (10/50) in normal tissues of gastric mucosa respectively, without a significant difference between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (P = 0.955). The positive rate in gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly lower than that in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05) or in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (P < 0.01). The positive rate in normal tissue of gastric mucosa was significantly lower than those in gastric adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05) in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01), and in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.01). The positive rate in gastric cardiac carcinomas was negatively correlated with TNM stage (P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between HPV16 and gender, age, tumor size, depth of penetration, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and prognosis of these patients with gastric cardiac carcinoma (all P > 0.05)., Conclusion: HPV infects not only squamous epithelium, but also glandular epithelium. HPV16 may be an etiologic factor in the development of upper digestive tract carcinomas, especially esophageal and cardiac carcinomas.