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Objective To investigate the role of Ofactory Test of Parkinson's Disease (KinPamor) in the evaluation of olfactory function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods From October 2018 to March 2021, 66 patients with PD diagnosed in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and The University of Hong Kong ⁃ Shenzhen Hospital were selected. Olfactory function was evaluated by Argentine Hyposmia Rating Scale and KinPamor, positive rate was compared between these two tests. The error rate of each odor in KinPamor was analyzed. Multifactor linear stepwise regression was used to analyze the linear quantitative relationship between KinPamor score and clinical data. Results The incidence of olfactory dysfunction in 66 PD patients was 92.42% (61/66) using KinPamor, higher than 25.76% (17/66) using Argentine Hyposmia Rating Scale (χ2= 40.333, P = 0.000). The difference in error rate of 12 odors of KinPamor was statistically significant (χ2= 52.049, P = 0.000). Error rate of garlic odor was lower than the other 9 odors, banana (P = 0.000), apple (P = 0.049), aniseed (P = 0.049), rose (P = 0.000), lemon (P = 0.000), mint (P = 0.049), resin (P = 0.000), camphor (P = 0.000) and wood (P = 0.000). Multifactor linear stepwise regression showed KinPamor score decreased by 0.077 points for every increasing year of age (P = 0.031). There was no linear regression relationship between male, disease course, smoking, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ (UPDRS Ⅲ) score and KinPamor score. Conclusions KinPamor is a simple and convenient tool to screening olfactory dysfunction in PD patients, which can be used as an auxiliary test for early diagnosis of PD. Except for easily recognition of garlic odor, selective hyposmia was not found by KinPamor in PD patients.

Objective: The uncertainty of determination of Isocarbophos residues in tea by using QuEChERS-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniqne was evaluated. Methods: Isocarbophos residues in tea was determined by using "GB 23200.113—2018 National food safety Standard-Determination of 208 pesticides and metabolites residues in plant origin-Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method", and factors in the determination of isocarbophos were analyzed by establishing a mathematical model, including sample weighing, volume, calibration of standard solutions, repeatability and recovery rate, etc.. Results: When the residual amount of isocarbophos in tea was 0.050 mg/kg, the expanded uncertainty was 0.007 mg/kg, and the determination result was expressed as: ω=（0.050±0.007） mg/kg, k=2. Conclusion: The main sources of uncertainty in this method werecalibration of standard solutions and the recovery rate.

Objective To study the mechanism of the intervention of total flavonoids from Zhongjiefeng (sarcandra[twig and leaf]) on immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) using metabolomics techniques. Methods Using Excel random function, 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the total flavonoids from Zhongjiefeng low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, and the prednisolone acetate group, with 8 rats in each group. Except for the normal control group, rats in other groups were injected intraperitoneally with rabbit anti-rat platelet serum (5 mL/kg) on days 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 to replicate an ITP rat model. Rats in the normal control group were injected intraperitoneally with an equal volume of physiological saline. Drug intervention was given on the modeling day once a day. The total flavonoids from Zhongjiefeng low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were gavaged with 31.5, 63.0, and 94.5 mg/kg of total flavonoids from Zhongjiefeng, respectively. The prednisolone acetate group was injected intraperitoneally with 10.0 mg/kg of prednisolone acetate. On days 0, 3, 6, and 9, the number of peripheral platelets in each group of rats was dynamically detected. On day 10, the spleen mass was measured and the spleen index was calculated. Screening and identification of differential metabolites in the spleen of rats in each group were carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with four-stage rod time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology and multivariate statistical analysis, and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Results Compared with the normal control group, the model group showed a decrease in peripheral blood platelets on days 6 and 9, an increase in spleen mass, and an increase in spleen index(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the number of peripheral platelets on day 6 and 9 of the total flavonoids from Zhongjiefeng low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were increased, the spleen mass of the total flavonoids from Zhongjiefeng high-dose group was decreased, and the spleen indexes of the total flavonoids from Zhongjiefeng medium- and high-dose groups were decreased (P<0.05). Through metabolomics analysis of the spleen, 24 biomarkers related to ITP were identified. Of these, 21 were reduced in the total flavonoids from Zhongjiefeng high-dose group, which were mainly involved in linoleic acid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and glycerol phospholipid metabolism. Conclusion The total flavonoids from Zhongjiefeng may restore the normal regulatory ability of the immune system by regulating spleen linoleic acid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and glycerol phospholipid metabolism, in order to inhibit excessive platelet destruction and exert a therapeutic effect on ITP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the building anthropogenic heat emission law and outdoor atmospheric dynamic thermal balance in urban complex which has multiple functions, an urban complex thermal climate dynamic prediction model is developed and applied to an actual planning project in Shenzhen. The results show that the heat release from building happens in most of the time of a typical calculation day, and the heat release law follows the operation law of the corresponding type of air conditioning refrigeration system. During the whole calculation period, the building anthropogenic heat accounts for the largest proportion of the total heat released, which is about 62. 1%. The heat island intensity daily average value and maximum value in the whole calculating period of the urban complex area is 0.1-0. 45 °C lager than that of the common urban area with a single building type. The above results suggest that the anthropogenic heat discharge from building is one of the main factors for the formation of hot and wet climate in this urban complex area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the non-public oral medical institutions in Liaoning province in 2011, and to analyze the status of dental manpower in non-public dental institutions in Liaoning province. METHODS: A mass survey on dental manpower was made in non-public dental institutions in Liaoning province in 2011 by means of questionnaire investigation, which included the institution type, dental devices, and the number, structure, composition, distribution of dental manpower in non-public dental institutions in Liaoning province. Data was entered with EpiData 3.0 and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: There were 1649 non-public dental institutions with 3132 dentists, 1265 nurses, 540 technicians and 3490 dental chairs in Liaoning province. 85.69% of the dental manpower were young and middle-aged. 33.17% of the dentists had primary professional titles, 42.53% of them had college degree and 87.96% of the dentists was general dentistry. In the dental auxiliaries, the primary professional title accounted for the majority. 95.97% of the nurses majored in general dentistry and 60.40% of the nurses' educational background were below junior college degree. 72.59% of the technicians majored in prosthetic dentistry and 67.78% of their educational background were below junior college degree. The ratio of the dentists to nurses to technicians was 6'2'1. The ratio of the nurses to dental chairs was 1:2.76. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution and composition of dental manpower are not reasonable in non-public dental institutions in Liaoning province. We should strengthen effective utilization of oral health resources and the oral health service ability of non -public dental institutions in Liaoning province. Supported by Key Science and Technology Projects of Liaoning Province (2012225015). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the interaction between Pinus thunbergii and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involving in the early response of P. thunbergii to the invasion of B. xylophilus. However, it is unclear that whether the NO production by P. thunbergii is triggered by the invaded B. xylophilus or its secreted metabolites. In the present study, the P. thunbergii was inoculated with living B. xylophilus, its secretion, and the suspension of grinded B. xylophilus, respectively, and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and NO content in the P. thunbergii were detected at the early stage. In all treatments, the inoculated P. thunbergii appeared disease symptoms, and the NOS activity and NO content in the P. thunbergii inoculated with B. xylophilus secretion and grinded B. xylophilus suspension increased, suggesting that besides living B. xylophilus, its contents or secretion could also trigger the expression of NO response signal in P. thunbergii, inducing the downstream response and causing the disease development of P. thunbergi. With the increasing temperature at 15-25°C, both the NOS activity and the NO content in inoculated P. thunbergii increased, and the disease symptoms appeared earlier. The same patterns of NOS activity, NO content, and disease symptoms were also observed under increasing drought stress. It was suggested that within a definite range, increased temperature and drought stress could enhance the NO signal expression in inoculated P. thunbergii and accelerate its disease development, and thus, the disease development of inoculated P. thunbergii under high temperature and drought condition could be related to the enhancement of the NO response signal in the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The angular measurement of interferometer in passive-radar-seeker under the presence of non-coherent dual sources was investigated. It was indicated that, under certain condition, the phase-comparison mean value of measured angle would point the 'stronger' source. This paper proposes a method for the angular measurement based on two sample points. The angles of the dual sources could be obtained from signals of two sample points through two channels of interferometer. Simulation was implemented to verify the validity of this method. Results demonstrate that non-coherent dual sources could be resolved and, compared with conventional phase-comparison method, higher precision of angular measurement be achieved under certain phase conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By setting up a set of simulated tidal systems with different air-and water temperature and tidal flood conditions, this paper studied the synergistic effects of low temperature in winter and ebb tide at night on the growth and key eco-physiological traits of Sonneratia apetala seedlings. Low air temperature depressed the seedlings growth, but the reduction in the seedling height and basal stem diameter was compensated 41. 2% and 44. 6%, respectively by a 5-increase of water temperature. Low air temperature (15 °C) reduced the leaf Fv / Fm significantly, indicating a dramatic reduction in the leaf photosynthetic capacity, whereas the flooded tide with higher water temperature could not compensate this damage. The flooded tide with high air temperature increased the proline and soluble sugar contents in mature leaves, which could protect the mature leaves from cold damage. When extreme cold events occurred, the flooded tide at night worked as a heat storage medium, which alleviated the cold damage on the seedlings growth and leaf physiological traits, and promoted the survival rate of S. apetala seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uncertainty of structural parameters will lead to the uncertainty of structural dynamic characteristics (such as the natural frequency, mode shape). If using the determinacy analysis for the designing may make the product in the dangerous state, then the dynamic characteristic analysis of the stochastic structure is very necessary. The statistic moments of dynamic characteristics of stochastic structure include the statistical properties of the dynamic characteristics. Through these statistical properties, the statistical information of reliability analysis and the distribution regularity of dynamic characteristic can be further obtained. And the sensitivity analysis of statistic moment can distinguish the degree of importance of random parameters with respect to the stochastic structure inherent properties, and then provide an effective way for improving the structural design model. In this work, MCMC based stratified sampling method is presented to estimate the statistics moment. And by collecting the information of random samples, the sensitivity of statistics moment is analyzed without increasing computing calculation. And the results of examples illustrate the advantages of the presented method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of fresh air-cooling resources use for communication room which has cooling load through all year in China were analyzed. The system and operation sequence were given. The equivalent index method was applied to dividing China into 7 zones. The equivalent hours of fresh air-cooling was calculated in every zone. The energy-saving and investment cost were given for communication rooms of 20 main cities in China. The distribution of fresh air-cooling resources was analyzed. The results show that the equivalent hours are 5 425 h in Harbin and 248 235 kWh/a is saved, electricity saving rate is 24. 8%. The equivalent index method can evaluate the quality of fresh air-cooling resources and help to make a retrofit plan using fresh air-cooling. When communication room was retrofitted by fresh air-cooling, energy-saving rates of 2 cities are <20% and those of 4 cities are >40%, and those of most parts are between 20%-40% and energy-saving is considerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to determine and analyze the distribution of the medical institutions of stomatology and dental manpower in Liaoning province. METHODS: The data of institutions and manpower was collected by mass examination using tables filled by every institution arid personally. Epidata 3.02 database was used to input the data and statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 12.0 software package. RESULTS: The results showed that there were 2155 dental institutions and 5617 dentists in Liaoning province. Among all the institutes, 71.0% was private clinics. About 80.5% of institutions and 87.8% of dentists were in the urban area, which was significantly higher than the percent of dentists working in the rural area. The ratio between dentists and the general population was about 13.02/10 million. There were fewer dental auxiliary in dental institutions, the ratio between dentists, nurses and dental technician was 6:2:1. The title and degree of the dentists in the rural area were lower than those in urban area, but the dentists in the rural area provided service for a large population. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the distribution of oral health resource in Liaoning province should he rationally readjusted, and continuing education and training should be strengthened in order to improve the efficiency of oral health service and social health justice. Supported by Key Medical Professional Construction Project of Liaoning Province (Grant No.200809). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi are ubiquitous organisms in the indoor environment and can cause numerous adverse health problems. The parallel air-flow fungal spore source strength tester (PAFST) was developed to test the release strength of the Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium Spp. under 5 air velocities and on 3 materials surfaces. The results show that the action type of air-flow is an important factor to affect the spore release strength. On agar surface when υ = 0.9 m/s, the release strength of Penicillium citrinum is (7 ± 9) spores/cm2, and that of Cladosporium Spp. is (50±35) spores/cm2 at υ = 4.7 m/s. On the non-woven surface, the minimum air velocity to release spore of Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium expansum is 0.3 m/s, and those of Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium Spp. are 2. 4 m/s and 9.4 m/s respectively. When reaching the maximum spore release strength, the spore release strength doesn't increase with air velocity increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The release and aerosolization of the fungal spore on the surface of architecture material are the key factors to result in the bioaerosol exposure and do harm to human health and lives. The self-developed parallel air-flow fungal spore source strength tester (PASFT) was used to test the release strength of 4 common fungi, Pencillium citrinum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium Spp on the surface of 3 materials at the wind velocity of 5. The results show that it is easier for Penicillium to release spore under the same condition. By t test, the fungal spore release strength for bag filter and ultra-fine fibreglass is higher than that for agar. The relationship of fungal spore release strength with airflow velocity can be expressed as a power function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern China new poem has established a series of system of symbols with the factor of genders because it had the themes to search for the truth of human nature and to carry out the liberation of personality at the origination of the new poems, From then on, the male poets and female poets have worked out the value of recognition with one accord to write their feelings about the lives from their own genders. Harmonious gender poetry comes out under their dialogues and discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel topology of ZVZCS full-bridge converter with passive clamp network. This topology is achieved by adding a transformer auxiliary winding as a simple passive clamp network in the secondary side. The ZCS mechanism of lagging leg switches is carried out by a clamp capacitor. The clamp capacitor is charged through the transformer auxiliary winding and discharged through the load. The discharging makes the primary current reset rapidly. The converter has low loss and high efficiency because it avoids the lass of duty ratio while using the saturable inductor in traditional ZVZCS converter. This paper analyses all operating modes of the converter. The conclusion shows many virtues of the converter such as simple topology and low peak voltage of the secondary side. The proposed theory has been verified on a 96 W,100 kHz experimental converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the effect of heterologous newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection on tissue free radicals metabolisms of ducks. Researchers measure and compare the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione superoxidase (GSH-Px) to analyze the change in tissues of ducks infected with NDV. Results reveal the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenic course of ducks infected with NDV.

This paper was focused on the dynamic characteristics of a gas fired double-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller when it is disturbed by the changes of some running parameters, such as the mass flow rates or temperatures of entering cooling or chilled water, and the gas consumption rate. The dynamic models of each component, as well as the system model, were established with lumped parameters. A simulation software was also developed with FORTRAN and VB languages. Several dynamic responses of the chiller were investigated with this simulation software. The simulation results were verified by experimental data when the entering temperature of cooling water is varying, and the both are consistent with each other. The relationships between the gas consumption rate and the temperatures of entering cooling or chilled water when a stable leaving chilled water temperature is needed were also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the running time and the energy consumption, the dynamic performance of Li-Br absorption chiller under different start up mode was investigated by experiment. The result indicates that the moment to start producing the cooling capacity is related to the moment of turning on the refrigerant spraying pump; the sequence and the moment of turning on the burner and the solution circulating pump have great effect on the dynamic performance of start up process. The different start-up mode can be used for the absorption chiller with different size of the high and low-pressure generator and the amount of the solution in their drum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The development of urban industrialization causes soil heavy metal pollution and other environmental problems. Studies have shown that the damage caused by soil heavy metals to the ecological environment is not only related to the total content, but also depends on the speciation of heavy metals. OBJECTIVES To investigate the content characteristics, speciation and risk status of heavy metals in soil of a city in the Hetao Plain. METHODS 52 soil samples were collected from different functional areas of the Hetao Plain, heavy metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) and other analytical methods to study the total content and speciation. The ecological risk of soil heavy metals was evaluated using the RAC risk assessment method. RESULTS The results showed that the contents of heavy metal elements (except As) in surface soil were higher than the background values in the Hetao Plain, the variation coefficients of Pb, Cr, Mn, Cd and Zn were large and the spatial distribution was not uniform, which were significantly affected by human activities. The heavy metal content in the industrial area exceeded the background value, especially Cd (5.83 times of background value) and Pb (3.58 times of background value). Road heavy metal contents were also significantly higher than the background value, Cd was nearly 4 times the background value. Except for Cd in industrial areas, other heavy metals were mainly in residual fraction. The residual fractions of Cr, Ni, Cu and As were more than 70%. The residual fraction of Cd in each functional region accounted for about 30%. RAC risk assessment results showed that Cd and Pb in industrial areas reached the high-risk level. CONCLUSIONS The research results provide scientific basis for identifying the potential environmental risks in urban area soil and proposing effective prevention.

BACKGROUND The exploitation of minerals releases heavy metals into the surrounding soil, which can cause health hazards when biological entities are exposed to contaminated soil. Iron ore is one of the most widely distributed minerals in China, but there are few studies on the health risk of soil heavy metals in iron mines, especially in arid areas. The ecosystem of the arid area is fragile and difficult to repair once it has been polluted. OBJECTIVES To perform environmental health risk assessment for topsoil surrounding iron deposits from Guyang County, Baotou City. METHODS 101 topsoil samples were collected from an iron mine in Guyang County, Baotou City. Heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry/optical emission spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, to study element characteristics. The health risk assessment method was used to evaluate and calculate the screening value. RESULTS The results showed that the variation coefficients of copper, chromium, and nickel in the study area were higher than 0.5, and the average contents of these elements were significantly higher than that in the Hetao Plain. The high value areas of copper were mainly distributed around tailings ponds and concentrators, while the high value areas of chromium or nickel were mainly distributed in bedrock mountains. The assessment of health hazards showed that the hazard quotient of all elements was less than 1, and the order was As>Cr>Ni>Cu>Cd>Zn>Hg. The average of total hazard quotient was 0.542. There was a sample in the bedrock mountain south of the iron mine, which had a total hazard quotient exceeding 1, and the contribution rates of chromium, nickel and arsenicwere 59%, 25%, and 15%, respectively. The carcinogenic hazard index of all elements was below 10-4. Soil screening levels of chromium, nickel and arsenic in the study area were 579mg/kg, 622mg/kg and 32.8mg/kg base on human health. CONCLUSIONS Chromium and nickel in the study soil are mainly affected by parent materials of soil formation, while copper is mainly affected by mineral processing activities. In general, the health hazard of heavy metals in soil is relatively low, and is greatly influenced by the parent materials of soil formation. However, it is still necessary to pay attention to the accumulation of polluted elements in the areas around tailings ponds, and to avoid oral intake of pollutants. And it is also necessary to further study the feature of soil heavy metals from different kinds of iron mines and different regions that have not been studied before, because the associated elements of iron ore in different regions or types are not the same.

In view of problem of low prediction efficiency and bad operability of existing prediction method of gas outburst region, the paper put forward a visualization method of prediction of gas outburst region based on ArcGIS. The method is used to analyze integrated intersection or union of trend surface for multiple gas outburst prediction indexes based on the theory and method of geological information system, trend surface analysis theory and visualization technology, a set of software of the ArcGIS Engine accompanied with the C# programming language, and correspond and overlap the trend surface with the latest mining engineering plan, so as to achieve intuitive visualization identification function of dangerous zone of gas outburst.

Intestinal mantle cell lymphoma complicated with intussusception is rare in clinical practice,lacking specific clinical manifestations.CT and colonoscopy are helpful for the diagnosis of this disease,which need to be distinguished from colorectal cancer,Crohn's disease,and other pathological subtypes of lymphoma.The diagnosis still needs to be confirmed by pathological examination.This paper reports a case of intestinal mantle cell lymphoma complicated with ileocecal intussusception in an adult,aiming to improve the clinical and imaging doctors' understanding of this disease.

Biomanufacturing uses biological systems, including cells, microorganisms, and enzymes, to produce natural or synthetic molecules with biological activities for use in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture. These bioactive compounds are expected to play important roles in improving the quality of life and prolonging its length. Fortunately, recent advances in synthetic biology and automation technologies have accelerated the development of biomanufacturing, enabling us to create new products and replace conventional methods in a more sustainable manner. As of now, the role of biomanufacturing in the growth and innovation of bioeconomy is steadily increasing, and this techbology becomes a prevalent technology in global markets. To gain a comprehensive understanding of this field, this article presents a retrospective review of Bloomage Biotechnology's Research and Development and briefly reviews the developments of biomanufacturing and offers insights into the futre prospects. In conclusion, biomanufacturing will continue to be an important, environmentally friendly, and sustainable production mode in the ongoing development of bioeconomy.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main precursors of tropospheric O 3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which can enhance atmospheric oxidation, promote the formation of secondary pollutants, and affect regional air quality and human health. In order to gain insights on VOCs characteristics and their potentials for O 3 and SOA formation, the volume fraction of 102 VOCs in autumn and winter in the urban area of Tongchuan were monitored using the TH-300B online monitoring system. The maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) coefficient and the fractional aerosol coefficient (FAC) were used to estimate the ozone formation potential (OFP) and SOA formation potential (SOAFP), respectively. The φ (TVOC, total VOCs) were (50.52±16.81)×10 -9 in autumn and (63.21±35.24)×10 -9 in winter. The OFPs were 138.43×10 -9 in autumn and 137.123×10 -9 in winter, and the SOAFPs were 3.098 μg·m -3 and 0.612 μg·m -3 , respectively. Alkanes (26.19%) and aromatics (26.04%) were the most abundant species in autumn, and alkanes (48.88%) were the most abundant species in winter. Trans-2-pentene, toluene, and m/p -xylene were the most reactive species in terms of OFPs in autumn, and ethylene, acetylene, and propylene were the top three species contributing to the total OFPs in winter. Toluene, m/p -xylene, and ethylbenzene contributed the most to the total SOAFPs in both of autumn and winter. Traffic emissions were considered as the major source of VOCs in both seasons. VOCs from biomass/coal combustion emissions showed seasonal differences, which were more prominent in winter. The results can provide references for the "one city, one policy" to mitigate regional VOCs pollution and improve ambient air quality.

Objective: To investigate the technique, mechanism and clinical efficacy of manual reduction of WU medical school in the treatment of anterior glenohumeral dislocations., Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, 181 patients with anterior glenohumeral dislocations were treated with our manual reduction, including 71 males and 110 females, ranging in age from 19 to 94 years old, with a mean age of(61.1±16.3) years old; 68 cases of subglenoid type, 93 cases of subcoracoid type and 20 cases of subclavian type. Constant score was used to evaluate limb function while the external fixation was removed., Results: One hundred and fifty-seven patients achieved reduction at the first attempt and 23 patients achieved at the second time. There was no vascular damage, nerve damage or iatrogenic fracture accmpanied. The Constant score ranged from 75 to 100, with a mean score of 92.1±4.3. One hundred and sixty-eight patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 24 months, with an average of (16.1±3.2) months, no recurrent dislocation occurred during the follow up period., Conclusions: The manual reduction of WU medical school in the treatment of anterior glenohumeral dislocations has high success rate and low complication rate, which is scientific, safe, standardized, easy to learn and worth promoting., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and treatment of primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the pathomorphological characteristics and immunohistochemical markers of 23 cases of primary testicular DLBCL as well as their clinicopathological features with a review of the relevant literature. The patients were aged 48－76 (mean 61.4) years, 82.6% over 50 years, and all clinically presented with painless progressive unilateral testicular swelling, 9 cases in the left and the other 14 in the right testis., Results: Histologically, the lymphomas were composed of large atypical cells with prominent karyokinesis and diffusely infiltrated the testicular parenchyma. The neoplastic cells were positive for B-cell markers. Five of the patients were followed up for 2 to 32 months, of whom 4 survived and 1 died at 9 months., Conclusions: Primary testicular DLBCL is a rare tumor with an invasive biological behavior, mostly found in elderly males and easily misdiagnosed or missed in diagnosis. Histopathology plays a key role and immunohistochemical markers are of high value in the definite diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the tumor.

Objective: To study the pathological morphology, immunohistochemical characteristics, and molecular changes of type Ⅱ testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and investigate the possible value of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of TGCT., Methods: We collected for this study 97 cases of TGCT, including 75 cases of seminoma, 17 cases of embryonal carcinoma, 11 cases of yolk sac tumor, 16 cases of mature teratoma, 3 cases of immature teratoma, and 1 case of epidermoid cyst, in which normal testicular tissue was found in 20 and non-TGCT in 6. We detected the expressions of different antibodies in various subtypes of TGCT by immunohistochemistry and determined the rate of chromosome 12p abnormality using FISH., Results: The immunophenotypes varied with different subtypes of TGCT. SALL4 and PLAP exhibited high sensitivity in all histological subtypes. CD117 and OCT4 showed strongly positive expressions in invasive seminoma and germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) but not in normal seminiferous tubules. GPC3 was significantly expressed in the yolk sac tumor, superior to GATA3 and AFP in both range and intensity. CKpan, OCT4, and CD30 were extensively expressed in embryonal carcinoma, while HCG expressed in choriocarcinoma. The positivity rate of isochromosome 12p and 12p amplification in TGCT was 96.7% (29/30)., Conclusions: The majority of TGCT can be diagnosed by histological observation, but immunohistochemical staining is crucial for more accurate subtypes and valuable for selection of individualized treatment options and evaluation of prognosis. Chromosome 12p abnormality is a specific molecular alteration in type Ⅱ TGCT, which is useful for ruling out other lesions.

Mangroves are the most important coastal blue carbon sinks. The accurate estimation on the carbon sequestration capacity of plant communities would guide the mangrove conservation, afforestation and management. This study investigated the vegetation carbon stocks of dominant mangrove communities, which were Avicennia marina, Kandelia obovata, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Sonneratia apetala in Futian Nature Mangrove Reserve in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province of China. Vegetation carbon stock consisted of living trees (aboveground and belowground biomass), understory, pneumatophore, standing dead trees, fallen dead trees and litter in these communities. The net primary productivity (NPP) was calculated from the litterfall and incremental growth in the same year of each community. Our results showed that the vegetation carbon stocks for A. marina, K. obovata, S. caseolaris, and S. apetala communities were 28.7, 127.6, 100.1, and 73.6 t C·hm -2 , and the NPP were 8.75, 7.67, 9.60, and 11.8 t C·hm -2 ·a -1 , respectively. Therefore, acting as urban forests, Futian mangroves in Shenzhen assimilated about 4000 t CO 2 ·a -1 . These results provided guidance for mangrove blue carbon assessment, and theoretical basis for the construction of coastal carbon sequestration forests in China.

Due to the advantages of its low cost and high utilization rate of light energy and no moving parts, Hadamard transform spectrometer with DMD has become a focus in the research of spectrometer. In order to solve the reduction of spectral resolution caused by the spectral curvature of Hadamard transform spectrometer with DMD (Digital Micro-mirror Device), the spectral aliasing in the spectrometer was investigated. Firstly, the mathematical relationship of spectral aliasing to radius of spectral curvature was deduced. Then, two procedures were proposed to solve the spectral aliasing. One is making the DMD encoded spectral band accordant with the standard spectral band as far as possible by adjusting the DMD-encoded stripe, and another is correcting remaining spectral aliasing by means of data processing. Finally, by analyzing and correcting spectral curvature in six situations of the curvature radius of 15.8 x 10⁴, 7.8 x 10⁴, 9.7 x 10⁴ µm and etc, we fit out the relationship of spectral aliasing and spectrum correction effect of spectral-curvature to the curvature radius. The simulation indicates that the spectral resolution increases to the resolution of optical system. It shows that the proposed methods are universal, simple and effective in the improvement of spectral resolution.

Objective: To study pharmacokinetic effect of Aikeqing Granule (AG) by different medication ways on zidovudine (AZT) in highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) of rats., Methods: Totally 36 rats were administered with corresponding medications by gastrogavage, group I [HAART: AZT 31.5 mg/kg +3TC 31.5 mg/kg + Efavirenz (EFV) 63.0 mg/kg], group II (HAART+AG525 mg/kg), group III (HAART and AG 525 mg/kg after a 2-h interval). Drug concentrations of AZT were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) before HAART, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h after HAART, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters [such as t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUCo-t, plasma clearance rate (CL)] were calculated by DAS2.0 Software., Results: The-equation of linear regression of AZT was good, with the precision, coefficient of recovery, and stability definitely confirmed. AUC in group II and III was larger than that of group I. There was no statistical difference in t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-12 h, or AUC0-∞ among groups (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: AG combined HAART could enhance the Cmax of AZT.

The miniature transmission X-ray tube is widely used in energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (EDXRFA). The miniature transmission X-ray tube with a small, low power consumption, X-ray emission efficiency that can be made the excitation source of handheld X-ray energy dispersive fluorescence analyzer. Beryllium (Be) is the most commonly used X-ray window material. But beryllium is expensive and toxic. At the same time set filtering window by aluminum (Al) to reducing low-energy scattering rays. This paper be adopted Al for exit window material of miniature transmission X-ray tube, achieve high-energy rays transmission and low-energy scattered radiation shielding, at the same time reduce production cost and difficulty. The present paper simulate the X-ray tube output spectrum of silver (Ag) target and aluminum window with different thickness by MCNP5. We consider the X-ray of low energy part is completely shielded when aluminum windows thickness is greater than 1.5 mm. We can conclude that 2 μm and 0.8 mm are the best combination of target thickness and aluminum windows through comparative analysis of existing research results. Then we can get flux of high energy part is big and low energy part is small when the target is 2 μm thick Ag and the window is 0.8 mm thick Al.

Objective: To analyze the clinical effectiveness of Shenling Fuzheng Capsule (SFC) and Qingdu Capsule (QC) in treating HIV/AIDS patients., Methods: Totally 220 patients with complete clinical data, who received consecutive treatment for 6 months were selected from the database. They were assigned to two groups whether they would rather receive antiretroviral drugs, the Chinese medicine (CM) treatment group and the integrative medicine (IM) group. The 129 patients in the CM group were treated with SFC or QC, while the 91 patients in the IM group were treated with SFC or QC combined highly active antiretroviral agents. Total score and single score of clinical symptoms and signs, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and changes of body weight before treatment, 3 and 6 months after treatment were compared. CD4+ cell counts were compared between before treatment and 6 months after treatment., Results: The total score of clinical symptoms and signs were lower at 3 and 6 months of treatment than before treatment respectively (P < 0.01). The single score of clinical symptoms and signs such as cough, weakness, shortness of breath, vomit, spontaneous perspiration, hair loss,and chest pain were also lowered at 3 and 6 months of treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the KPS increased (P < 0.05). The body weight increased (P < 0.05) and CD4 cell counts decreased (P < 0.05) in the CM group. There was no statistical difference in body weight or CD4 cell counts in the IM group between before and after treatment., Conclusion: SFC and QC could improve clinical symptoms and signs of HIV/ AIDS patients, but failed to deter the decrease of CD4+ cell counts.

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and genetic changes of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComa)., Methods: A total of 25 cases of PEComa located in various anatomic sites were selected for immunohistochemical staining (SP or EnVision method). TFE3 fluorescence in-situ hybridization was also performed to determine the TFE3 gene status., Results: The age of patient ranged from 21 to 61 years (mean = 43 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1: 1.3. Histologically, 22 cases represented conventional angiomyolipomas, composed of a mixture of adipose tissue, spindle element, epithelioid smooth muscle cells and abnormal thick-walled blood vessels in various proportions. Three cases involving lung, soft tissue and broad ligament had subtle but distinctive morphologic features. Nested or sheet-like architecture with epithelioid or spindle cells was observed. Immunohistochemical study showed that HMB 45, melan A, smooth muscle actin and cathepsin K were expressed in 80% (20/25), 88% (22/25), 88% (22/25) and 100% (25/25) of PEComa, respectively. Within positive cases, the average proportion of positive tumor cells was 36%, 41%, 35% and 90% respectively for HMB 45, melan A, smooth muscle actin and cathepsin K. TFE3 was negative in all of the 22 renal and hepatic PEComa studied, while it was positive in the 3 cases of extra-hepatorenal PEComa. None of the 25 cases exhibited evidence of TFE3 gene fusion or amplification., Conclusions: Extra-hepatorenal PEComa have distinctive morphologic features and are associated with TFE3 overexpression. Cathepsin K immunostaining demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in PEComa, better than other commonly employed immunomarkers. This marker is thus useful in diagnosis of PEComa and distinction with other neoplasms.

Objective: To investigate the effect of up-regulated expression of tumor suppressor gene p14(ARF) on apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells and its interaction with imatinib., Methods: Tumor suppressor gene p14(ARF) was transduced into K562 (K562-p14(ARF)) and 4 blast crisis primary CML cells (CML-BC 1-4) using vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotyped lentiviral vector with cells transduced by empty vector as control. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were applied to measure transduction efficiency, and Western blotting assay was used to detect p14(ARF) protein of K562 cells. WST-8 method was used to determine cell growth inhibition rate of K562 cells transduced by the target gene under different concentrations of imatinib (0, 0.015, 0.062, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 μmol/L). Cell apoptosis and leukemic cellular colony-forming ability were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI dyeing using flow cytometry (FCM) and semi-solid culture method respectively., Results: Fluorescence microscopy and FCM showed that transduction efficiency (GFP positive cells) of K562-p14(ARF), K562-VSV and CML-BC1 cells were close to 100%, and CML-BC 2-4 cells were 80% to 90% on average. Results of Western blotting showed that the levels of ARF protein expression of K562 cells transduced by p14(ARF) were significantly higher than of untransduced cells; the apoptosis rate of K562-p14(ARF) was 20%; the mean apoptosis rate of 4 primary leukemic cells transduced by the p14(ARF) [(71.1±22.4)%] was significantly higher than of control group [(12.4±6.2)%] (P<0.05). Imatinib significantly inhibited the proliferation of K562-p14(ARF) cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mean leukemic cellular colony-forming unit of 4 primary leukemic cells transduced by the p14(ARF) (41.5±13.2) was significantly lower than of the control group (88.5±7.9) (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Increased p14(ARF) gene expression could induce apoptosis of CML cells; Moreover, it could enhance inhibitory effect on cell proliferation when combined with imatinib.

Objective: To study the molecular risk factors of lymph node metastasis in stage T1 and T2 colorectal cancers by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry techniques., Methods: Two hundred and three patients with stage T1 and T2 colorectal carcinoma who underwent radical surgery from 1999 to 2010 in our department were included in this study. Their clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed. Expression of the following 14 molecular markers were selected and assayed by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry: VEGFR-3, HER2, CD44v6, CXCR4, TIMP-1, EGFR, IGF-1R, IGF-2, IGFBP-1, ECAD, MMP-9, RKIP, CD133, MSI. Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to evaluate the variables as potential risk factors for lymph node metastasis., Results: The positive expression rates of biomarkers were as following: VEGFR-3 (44.3%), EGFR (30.5%), HER-2 (28.1%), IGF-1R (63.5%), IGF-2 (44.8%), IGFBP-1 (70.9%), ECAD (45.8%), CD44v6 (51.2%), MMP-9 (44.3%), TIMP-1 (41.4%), RKIP (45.3%), CXCR4 (40.9%), and CD133 (49.8%). The positive rate of MSI expression was 22.2%. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that VEGFR-3, HER-2, and TIMP-1 were significant predictors of lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that CD44v6 and CXCR4 were significant significant predictors of lymph node metastasis., Conclusions: VEGFR-3, HER2 and TIMP-1 are independent factors for lymph node metastasis in stage T1 and T2 colorectal cancers.

Objective: To explore the effects of ketamine inhalation before one-lung ventilation (OLV) in patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer., Methods: Upon the approval of hospital ethic committee, 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I-II patients scheduled for elective trans-left-thoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were randomly and single-blindly divided into 3 groups. After intravenous anesthesia with double-lumen endobronchial intubation, the patients in each group received different therapies before OLV, i.e. inhaling ketamine 1 mg/kg in Group Ki, intravenous infusion of ketamine 1 mg/kg in Group Kv and inhaling normal saline 10 ml in Group C. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed. And (oxygen saturation) SpO2, (partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide) PETCO2, (airway pressure) Paw and hemodynamic indicators were recorded at these points:before OLV (T1), OLV for 30 min (T2), OLV for 1 h (T3), OLV for 2 h (T4), OLV ended 5 min (T5) and end of surgery (T6). Central venous blood was sampled at T1, T2 and 2 h after surgery (T7) for the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and sICAM-1 in all groups increased significantly than those at previous timepoints. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and sICAM-1 in Groups Ki and Kv were significantly lower than those in Group C at T7. PaO2 in Groups Ki and Kv was significantly higher than that in Group C at T4. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Group Kv were significantly higher than that in Groups Ki and C at T2-T4; HR in Group Kv was significantly higher than that in Group C at T2-T3. Paw in Group Kv was significantly higher than that in Group C at T2-T6., Conclusion: Inhalation and intravenous infusion of ketamine before OLV are equally effective in lowering the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and sICAM-1. And ultrasonic atomizing inhalation of ketamine can avoid adverse effects on airway pressure and circulatory system caused by an intravenous infusion of ketamine.

Objective: To evaluate the immunohistochemical detection of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutations using two EGFR mutation-specific monoclonal antibodies: delE746-A750 and L858R., Methods: A total of 175 paraffin-embedded lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples previously genotyped by directive DNA sequencing were subject to immunostaining using delE746-A750 and L858R antibodies., Results: There was no significant difference of mutation detection between DNA sequence analysis and delE746-A750 and/or L858R immunostaining (33.7% vs 30.9%, P > 0.05). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of immunostaining using these two EGFR mutation-specific antibodies were 83.1%, 95.7%, 90.7% and 90.9%, respectively., Conclusion: With high sensitivity and good specificity, immunohistochemistry using EGFR mutation-specific monoclonal antibodies is an adequate, easy and cost-effective prescreening method to detect EGFR mutations using paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of lung adenocarcinomas.

Objective: To investigate the compliance and associated factors of postoperative chemotherapy for elderly patients with colorectal cancer., Methods: A total of 386 elderly patients (>70 years old) with stage II(-IIII( colorectal cancer underwent surgery between January 2000 and January 2010. The clinicopathological data were retrospectively reviewed. There were 226 patients received postoperative chemotherapy and 160(41.4%) refused. Logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with patients compliance to chemotherapy. Patients were followed up by phone call regarding the reason for refusal., Results: Multivariate analysis showed that gender, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), age, and complication were independent risk factors associated with chemotherapy compliance(All P<0.05). Follow-up phone questionnaire showed that 63.8%(51/80) of patients with stage II( cancer did not received chemotherapy because of the doctor's uncertainty of chemotherapy benefit. For stage III( patients, fear of chemotherapy (31.2%, 15/48), feeling uncomfortable (18.8%, 9/48), and financial issues(18.8%, 9/48) were the main factors. The desperate feeling was the predominant reason for stage IIII( patients(56.2%, 18/32)., Conclusions: Gender, BSA, age, and postoperative complication are the main factors associated with compliance to postoperative chemotherapy. Doctors' recommendation should be emphasized for stage II( patients. For stage III( patients, treatment recommendation should be enthusiastic.

Objective: To evaluate the relevance of molecular alterations and histopathological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma according to 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Lung Adenocarcinoma Classification., Methods: Mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 18-21 exons (E18-21), KRAS 12/13 codons and EML4-ALK fusion in 212 cases of lung adenocarcinoma which underwent complete tumor resection, were detected by immunohistochemistry, PCR-amplifying and gene sequencing. The relevance of the molecular alterations to histopathological subtypes based on the new classification and 2004 WHO classification were further characterized., Results: Mutations of EGFR were observed in 49.6% of lung adenocarcinomas, involving mainly E21 (52.4%, 55/105) and E19 (36.2%, 38/105). Mutations of KRAS were detected in 8% cases of adenocarcinoma, involving mainly codon 12 (15/17). EML4-ALK fusions were found in 6.1% of lung adenocarcinoma, the most common fusion mutation was type V1 (E13; A20) (7/13), followed by type V3a/b (E6a/b; A20) (4/13). Based on the new classification, 7/10 lepidic, 63.2% (48/76) papillary, and 5/8 micropapillary predominant adenocarcinomas harbored EGFR mutations. EGFR mutations showed significant difference among different histological subtypes (P = 0.008). KRAS mutations were most frequently found in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (1/2), followed by colloid predominant adenocarcinoma (3/7). There was significant difference of KRAS mutations among different histological subtypes (P = 0.003). EML4-ALK fusions were most frequently found in the solid predominant with mucin production subtype (15.4%, 6/39), followed by colloid predominant adenocarcinoma (1/7), and no significant difference of EML4-ALK fusions was found among different histological subtypes (P = 0.181). Significant TTF-1 overexpression was observed in adenocarcinomas harbored EGFR mutations (P = 0.008), and no or significantly lower level expression of TTF-1 was observed in adenocarcinomas harbored KRAS mutations (P = 0.000). However, there was no association between TTF-1 expression and EML4-ALK fusions (P = 0.274). Based on the 2004 WHO classification, mutations of KRAS (P = 0.002) and EML4-ALK (P = 0.000), rather than EGFR (P = 0.502), showed significant differences among different subtypes. According to both classification systems, the difference of "triple negative" adenocarcinomas was not significant among different subtypes (P = 0.684, P = 0.449, respectively)., Conclusions: The new classification, combined with TTF-1 immunomarker, can help to predict the molecular alterations of EGFR and KRAS genes, but can not indicate the EML4-ALK fusion in lung adenocarcinoma. Lepidic, papillary, and micropapillary predominant adenocarcinomas with TTF-1 expression are closely related to the presence of EGFR mutation, and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, while colloid predominant adenocarcinoma without TTF-1 expression is closely related to the presence of KRAS mutation.

Objective: To identify the influencing factors of pulmonary infections after transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer., Methods: A retrospective review of 349 patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy at our hospital for esophageal cancer was performed between January and December 2009. The postoperative pneumonia rate was examined and 26 perioperative factors possibly affecting the postoperative respiratory complications were collected. Ridge regression modeling was performed to determine if a significant association existed between perioperative factors and postoperative pneumonia., Results: The postoperative pneumonia rate of all patients was 27.8%. Eight perioperative factors were found to have affected significantly the postoperative respiratory complications. The influencing factors included (according to contribution): patient control epidural analgesia (PCEA), diabetes, general anesthesia plus epidural analgesia, other postoperative complications, one lung ventilation (OLV), transfusion volume of red blood cells (RBC), body mass index (BMI) and age., Conclusion: The major influencing factors of pulmonary infection after transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer are PCEA, diabetes, general anesthesia plus epidural analgesia, other postoperative complications, OLV, transfusion volume of RBC, BMI and age.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of a new grading and scoring system (based on the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification) in stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma, as compared with the WHO grading system., Methods: The clinicopathologic characteristics of 125 patients with stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma primarily treated by surgical resection were reviewed retrospectively. All cases were classified according to the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification and graded into three prognostic groups based on the new classification, the Sica scoring system and the WHO grading system, respectively. The differences in prognosis of the three groups were analyzed., Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between the new grading system and the WHO grading system (P = 0.000). Both of them showed negative correlation with overall survival. The new scoring system however better correlated with disease recurrence and/or metastasis (P = 0.855, P = 0.073 versus P = 0.011). According to univariate Log-rank test, the prognosis correlated with tumor size (P = 0.004), clinical stage (P = 0.000), the WHO grading (P = 0.020), the new grading system (P = 0.000), the new scoring system (P = 0.000), vascular invasion (P = 0.021), and recurrence and/or metastasis (P = 0.000). The Cox regression analysis demonstrated that clinical stage (P = 0.014), the new grading system (P = 0.047), the new scoring system (P = 0.043), and recurrence and/or metastasis (P = 0.018) were significantly independent poor prognostic factors., Conclusions: The new grading and scoring system shows good correlation with the WHO grading system. Compared with the WHO grading system, the new scoring system based on the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification provides valuable information in categorizing stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma cases with different risks of disease recurrence, tumor metastasis and prognosis.

Objective: To explore the expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinase1 (MMP-1) in colon carcinoma and evaluate its clinical significance., Methods: The expression of MMP-1 was detected by SP immunohistochemical method. The tissue microarray samples of 620 colon carcinoma patients were collected and the clinical data reviewed., Results: The positive expression rate of MMP-1 in cancer tissue was higher than that of normal tissue [72.5% (421/581) vs 30.8% (179/581), P = 0.0001]. And the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The positive rate in stages I and II [77.6% (235/303)] were higher than stages III and IV [66.9% (186/278), P = 0.0040], the former two stages showed a poor prognosis while the latter two stages a fair prognosis. The results of COX regression showed that a lower expression of MMP-1 (HR: 1.042, 95%CI: 0.770 - 1.410, P = 0.0001), tumor type (HR: 0.966, 95%CI: 0.571 - 1.633, P = 0.0150), local infiltration (HR: 0.576, 95%CI: 0.413 - 0.805, P = 0.0010) and infiltration of bowel wall (HR: 0.337, 95%CI: 0.197 - 0.575, P = 0.0001) were significant predictors of colon carcinoma., Conclusion: As an independent prognostic factor of colon carcinoma, the expression of MMP-1 in cancer tissue has different prognostic implications according to various stages.

Objective: To analyze the volatile compounds of Antrodia camphorata in solid-state and submerged cultures., Methods: A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were used to evaluate the profile of the volatile compounds., Results: 49 volatile compounds were identified in A. camphorata mycelia in submerged culture, while 43 volatile compounds were identified in mycelia in solid-state culture. 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ylacetate, acetic acid octyl ester and ethanol were the main volatile compounds in A. camphorata mycelia in submerged culture, while 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 3-methyl-butyraldenhyde, gamma-podecalactone and methyl 2-furozte were the most potent key volatile compounds in mycelia in solid-state culture., Conclusion: The volatile compounds in the mycelia of A. camphorata in solid-state and submerged cultures are similar but their relative contents are different.