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Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Energy Chemical Industry is the property of Energy Chemical Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To obtain high production rate with less oil and gas wells, The Qinghai oilfield decided to drill five long open hole horizontal wells in the Fengxi structure which is located in the Dafengshan area in Qaidam Basin. Water-based and oil-based drilling fluids were to be used to drill these wells, and the results be compared to improve and perfect the technical prototype for future drilling and completion of long open hole and long horizontal section horizontal wells in the same area. This paper summarizes the field engineering of a high-quality compound saltwater drilling fluid on the well Fengxi IH1-5 and analyses are briefly conducted on the application, control of the engineering parameters, rheology and sand carrying capacity of the drilling fluid. The well Fengxi IH1-5, which is 5,487 m in depth, has a length of horizontal section of 2,541 m, the longest horizontal section in the Qinghai oilfield. This well has broken several records in this oilfield, such as penetrating the highest percentage of pay zones (100%), the longest footage (1,566 m) drilled in a single bit run, the longest horizontal section (1,000 m) in which short trips were performed, as well as the first application of casing floatation technology in casing running etc. The success of the drilling operation has milestone significance in applying the ultralong horizontal section well drilling technology in the Qinghai oilfield. Compared with the drilling operation of the offset wells drilled with oil-based drilling fluids, the use of this high-quality compound saltwater drilling fluid has gained better results in drilling than the oil-based drilling fluids previously used in other wells. The success gained in applying the water-based drilling fluid has provided a good guidance for optimizing the properties of water-based drilling fluids for horizontal wells with long open hole and long horizontal sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous exploration of deep reservoirs in the oil and gas industry, the performance of drilling fluid has become increasingly demanding. The addition of nanoparticles can meet the requirements of optimizing the specific performance of high temperature and high-pressure drilling fluid. Compared with traditional drilling fluid additives, nanoparticles can effectively improve the rheology of drilling fluid, reduce filtration loss, improve thermal stability and lubricity to cope with high-temperature and high-pressure reservoir conditions. Based on the excellent thermal, mechanical and chemical properties of nanoparticles, as well as their compatibility with base fluids, the applications of metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles in high-temperature and high-pressure drilling fluids were reviewed. At the same time, the influence of nanoparticles on the performance of drilling fluid under high temperature and high pressure was discussed, and it was stated that the shape, size and concentration of nanoparticles were the key factors affecting their performance. The use of nanoparticles as additives in high-temperature and high-pressure drilling fluids also puts forward new ideas for research on reducing their environmental impact and production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the characteristics of aluminum alloy and the demanding requirements of high-gloss machining quality，a polyether polyol ester lubricant was synthesized using castor oil acid and methoxy polyethylene glycol as raw materials， and a new type of synthetic high-gloss cutting fluid was developed using a maleic anhydride composite of boric acid and ternary carboxylic acid as rust inhibitors.Comparative studies were conducted on the lubrication performance， corrosion resistance to aluminum alloy， rust prevention， defoaming， and hard water resistance of this synthetic high-gloss cutting fluid against commonly available imported and domestic cutting fluids on the market.Results showed that compared with imported and domestic cutting fluids，the maximum non jamming load PB value of high-gloss cutting fluid was 735 N，which was better than imported cutting fluid (686 N) and domestic cutting fluid (588 N).The threading torque value of the high-gloss cutting fluid was the lowest， followed by the imported and then the domestic diluted cutting fluid， suggesting superior lubrication of the high-glosscutting fluid.The 24 h corrosion test showed that the corrosion resistance of high-gloss cutting fluid to aluminum alloy was grade A， which reached the level of imported cutting fluid and is better than domestic cutting fluid.Additionally， the high-gloss cutting fluid exhibited commendable rust prevention， excellent defoaming， and favorable hard water resistance.

为考察二聚酸抗磨剂对加氢精制航空煤油润滑性的改善作用，同时验证不同二聚酸抗磨剂的改善效果，分别采用桐油、棉籽油及妥尔油酸为原料进行了二聚酸的合成与精制，利用液相色谱仪、红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪等验证了桐油基、棉籽油基及妥尔油酸基二聚酸的分子结构，采用球柱润滑性评定仪（BOCLE）法和高频往复试验机（HFRR）法考察了3种不同原料来源的二聚酸对航空煤油润滑性的改善作用，用显微镜分析试验球的磨痕形貌，并提出抗磨机制。结果表明：随着二聚酸添加量的不断增大，磨痕直径、表面划痕及深度不断减小；在BOCLE法中，当二聚酸添加量为20 mg/L时，3种二聚酸均可使航空煤油润滑性磨痕直径从0.92 mm降到0.65 mm以下，满足GB 6537—2018《3号喷气燃料》要求；在HFRR法中，当二聚酸添加量为50 mg/L时，3种二聚酸均可使润滑性磨痕直径降到550 μm 以下，平均摩擦系数降到0.265以下，平均成膜率达到24%以上，且平均摩擦系数和平均成膜率的变化规律与二聚酸对航空煤油润滑性改善规律一致；制备的二聚酸均具有长碳链和羧基官能团，羧基通过强电负性吸附在金属表面，羧基之间的氢键以及非极性端通过范德华力等使二聚酸分子形成平行分子簇，进而在金属表面形成有效的润滑膜，阻止两摩擦副之间发生直接接触与摩擦。综上，3种二聚酸的润滑能力相当，均显示出良好的润滑性能。 In order to investigate the improvement of lubricity of dimer acid antiwear agents on jet fuel and verify the improvement effects of different dimer acids antiwear agents,dimer acids were synthesized and refined from tung oil, cottonseed oil and tall oil fatty acids, respectively, and their molecular structures were verified by liquid chromatography, FT-IR spectrometer and NMR spectrometer. The effects of cottonseed oil-based dimer acid, tung oil-based dimer acid and tall oil fatty acids-based dimer acid on the lubricity of jet fuel were investigated by BOCLE and HFRR tests. The wear scar morphology of the test ball was analyzed by measuring microscope and the antiwear mechanism was proposed. The results showed that with the increase of the dosage of dimer acid, the wear scar diameter, surface scratch and depth decreased. In BOCLE test, 20 mg/L dosage of dimer acids from three different raw materials could reduce the wear scar diameter of jet fuel from 0.92 mm to less than 0.65 mm ,meeting the requirement of GB 6537-2018 No.3 jet fuel. In HFRR test, when the dosage of three dimer acids was 50 mg/L, the wear scar diameter of lubricity and the average friction coefficient could be reduced below 550 μm and 0.265 respectively, and the average film formation rate could reach above 24%. The variation of the average friction coefficient and average film formation rate was consistent with the improvement rule of dimer acid on the lubricity of jet fuel. The dimer acids prepared had long carbon chains and carboxyl functional groups. The carboxyl group was adsorbed on the metal surface through strong electronegativity, the hydrogen bond with carboxyl groups and the non-polar end through Van Der Waals force made the dimer acid molecules form parallel molecular clusters, and then formed an effective lubrication film on the metal surface to prevent direct contact and friction between the two friction pairs. In conclusion, the three dimer acids have the uniform lubrication ability, and show good lubrication performance.

Several problems have been encountered in the development of the Sulige gas field, for example, the caving and sloughing of the hard and brittle mudstones of the Shuangshi formation of the Permian system, borehole instability of the black mudstones as well as difficulties in exerting weight to the bit in horizontal slide drilling, to name but three. Environmental protection requirements have limited the use of conventional shale inhibitors. In previous drilling operation, long time reaming, sidetracking after plugging the abandoned hole have been the norm for some time. To deal with these problems, an environmentally friendly cellulose shale inhibitor CQYJZ-3 was developed through chemical modification of a hemicellulose derivative, and an environmentally friendly drilling fluid named HCG-1, which is suitable for through-casing sidetracking of horizontal wells in Sulige gas field, was developed. Laboratory experimental results show that HCG-1 drilling fluid has stable rheology and good properties such as inhibitive capacity, lubricity, contamination resistance and corrosion inhibition. It is a non-toxic easy-to-degrade drilling fluid. This drilling fluid has been successfully used on 10 wells in the Sulige gas field. Field operation showed that HCG-1 had stable properties, good inhibitive capacity and lubricity. Wireline logging was successful at the first try. No downhole troubles were encountered during drilling. The HCG-1 drilling fluid can be also recovered for re-use. Good application achievements were obtained with the use of the HCG-1 in the Sulige gas field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fatty acid methyl ester ethoxide (FMEE) has excellent emulsifying property for animal fat and clearing power of protein fouling. The introduction of PO group into the structure of FMEE can not only reduce the foaminess of FMEE, but also increase lubrication force of FMEE. In the wool washing process, FMEE with PO ends can form a lubricating film on the surface of wool scales, which can reduce the wool intertwine with each other. Using FMEE in PO block as the main component, the conditioner 6501, solvent ethylene glycol tert-butyl ether and osmotic agent sodium primary alkyl sulfonate were mixed to obtain a cleaning, felt-proof and balanced performance wool washing agent. The proportion of FMEE in PO block, conditioning agent 6501, ethylene glycol tert-butyl ether and sodium primary alkyl sulfonate was determined to be 3:2:1 to produce wool washing agent. It can not only remove the grease, protein fouling and metal soap deposited on the surface of wool, but also effectively protect the original elasticity, strength, color and other properties of wool, so that the washed wool is white and loose without felting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power / Reneng Dongli Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In view of the technical problems of poor wellbore stability, high friction torque of drilling tools and bad borehole cleaning when using water-based drilling fluid in the horizontal wells in shale reservoir, an environmental friendly water-based drilling fluid used multiple silicon treatment agents was formed, which is consist of multiple silicon treatment agents such as potassium sodium silicate, organosilicon modified potassium humate, and polysilsesquioxane. The ECso of the agents used in this system is more than 3 X 104 mg/L, reaching the non-toxic level. The temperature resistance of the system reaches 180 t, the rheological property is stable, and it has good inhibition, plugging and lubricity. The shale rolling recovery is more than 98. 53%, the shale expansion rate is below 0.26%, the HTHP is less than 2.8 mL, the extreme pressure lubrication coefficient is 0. 081 and the viscosity coefficient of mud cake is 0.042. The heavy metal content of the new water-based drilling fluid meets the requirement of secondary discharge national standard, and the BOD/COD is up to 31.7%, which is easy to be biodegraded, showing an excellent environmental friendliness. The drilling fluid has been successfully applied in the shale horizontal section of Dongping-1 well, effectively ensuring the stability of the shale horizontal section. The dynamic/plastic ratio maintains at 0. 41— 0.48, and the average wellbore diameter expansion rate of the horizontal section is only 3.85%. During drilling, the friction resistance of drilling tool is 6-8 t, and the average ROP is 10.28 m/h. It is the first application of water-based drilling fluid in shale horizontal section in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Petrochemical Universities / Shiyou Huagong Gaodeng Xuexiao Xuebao is the property of Journal Editorial Department Of Liaoning Shihua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of grinding time on the performance of phthalocyanine blue color paste was investigated. The relationship between the performance of color paste and the lubricity of gel ink was discussed ？ and then the influence of different functional additives on the lubricity of ink was investigated by means of the writing lubricity tester. The results show that when the grinding time was 2.0h, the apparent viscosity of phthalocyanine blue color paste was the smallest arid its dispersion stability was better. The formulated ink had the best lubricating property. The combination of lubricants MOA-9P arid PC-3950 could produce synergistic effect. When the color paste system contained 3% T)S1 900 dispersant (mass fraction), and the ink system contained 20% glycerin, 0.9% MOA-91〉and 1.5% PC-3950, the lubricity of gel ink was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the environmental problem of drilling waste from the source, the environmentally friendly drilling fluid treatment agent was selected, the performances of lubrication, inhibition and reservoir protection of fluid were evaluated, then 120 °C environment friendly drilling fluid was formed and field test was taken. The application results showed that the drilling fluid has good lubricity, strong inhibition performance, smooth directional construction, smooth drilling and tripping, which can meet the construction need of the middle and shallow strata in Jidong Oilfield, the system has low filtration volume, and the oil layer is well protected as the permeability recovery value is above 90%. The fluorescence is lower than 4 and the resistivity is adjustable. It has no impact on site logging, the EIA indicators are all up to standard, the chroma of drilling fluid waste obviously reduced in short term, the degradation speed is fast, and it is friendly to environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oil Drilling & Production Technology / Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi is the property of Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi Bianjibu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Through the analysis of the particle size distribution, scanning electron microscope, ZETA potential, the friction coefficients of mud cakes are investigated when water-based drilling fluids are added to different densities by three weighting additives of barite, activation barite, activation iron ore powder and their complex combination. The experimental results show that under high density, all the three weighting additives can enhance the lubricity of the drilling fluids. To improve the lubricity of water-based drilling fluids, the critical densities of drilling fluids added by barite, activation barite and activation iron ore powder are 1.6 g/cm³, 1.4 g/cm³ and 1.2 g/cm³, respectively. The lubricity of the drilling fluids will be improved in a certain range beyond the critical density. Complex combination is better than the every single additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]