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Dissolved organic matter （DOM） plays an important role in indicating the pollution of the water environment, and sediment is the main source of endogenous pollution of the water environment. Research on the spectral characteristics of DOM in sediments was important for the interpretation of water environment pollution. In this study, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with the parallel factor analysis （PARAFAC） were used to analyze the fluorescent components, sources, and influencing factors of DOM in sediments from the Yuanhe River Basin. The results showed that the average of ω （TN）, ω （TP）, and ω （OM） in sediments from the Yuanhe River Basin were 0.52, 0.66, and 21.22 g·kg -1 , respectively. The concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased along the flow direction. In addition, the sediment DOM from the Yuanhe River Basin mainly originated from terrestrial sources. The chromophoric DOM concentration and aromaticity of DOM from the downstream reaches were significantly higher than those from the upstream and midstream reaches. Based on PARAFAC, four fluorescent components of DOM in sediments from the Yuanhe River Basin were identified, including three humus-like components （C1, C3, and C4） and one protein-like component （C2）. The sediment DOM was dominated by humus-like materials. Moreover, the fluorescent intensity of the fluorescent components was higher in the downstream reaches. Redundancy analysis revealed that the physicochemical properties of sediments in the mainstream and downstream reaches played a more significant role in the spectral properties of DOM. Phosphorus pollution and the terrestrial humus-like substance of sediment DOM were homologous. These results indicated that the spectral properties of DOM were the indicator of water environmental pollution in the region with strong anthropogenic influence.

Microplastic pollution in the water environment is becoming increasingly serious, impacting the growth and development of aquatic organisms. There are limited studies on the mechanisms of microplastic effects on biofilm formation. Therefore, in this study, the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) were investigated on the biofilm formation and development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Different concentrations and particle sizes of PS-MPs were selected for exposure tests to explore the effects on biofilm biomass, oxidative stress levels, biofilm structure, and population sensing system. The results showed that PS-MPs induced severe oxidative stress and inhibited biofilm formation and development, and the smaller the particle size, the stronger the inhibitory effect was. The inhibition effect was 0.1 μm>0.5 μm≈1 μm>5 μm. PS-MPs caused severe physical damage through contact with bacteria. The thickness of the biofilm was significantly reduced, damaging the structural stability. The bacteria in the biofilm secreted extracellular polymers to resist the stress of PS-MPs. Meanwhile, PS-MPs interfered with the QS system of P. aeruginosa ; down-regulated the expression levels of key genes lasI, lasR, rhlI , and rhlR ; inhibited the synthesis and secretion of signal molecules and related virulence factors; and ultimately affected the formation and structural stability of biofilms.

This study aims to investigate the efficacy and possible mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pills in the treatment of diminished ovarian reserve(DOR) by using proteomic techniques. Firstly, cyclophosphamide(60 mg·kg~(-1)) combined with busulfan(6 mg·kg~(-1)) was injected intraperitoneally to establish the mouse model of DOR. After drug injection, the mice were continuously observed and the success of modeling was evaluated by the disturbance of the estrous cycle. After successful modeling, the mice were administrated with the suspension of Liuwei Dihuang Pills by gavage for 28 days. At the end of the gavage, four female mice were selected and caged together with males at a ratio of 2∶1 for the determination of the pregnancy rate. Blood and ovary samples were collected from the remaining mice on the next day after the end of gavage. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were then employed to observe the morphological and ultrastructural changes in the ovaries. The serum levels of hormones and oxidation indicators were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative proteomics techniques were used to compare the ovarian protein expression before and after modeling and before and after the intervention with Liuwei Dihuang Pills. The results showed that Liuwei Dihuang Pills regulated the estrous cycle of DOR mice, elevated the serum levels of hormones and anti-oxidation indicators, promoted follicle development, protected the mitochondrial morphology of ovarian granulosa cells, and increased the litter size and survival of DOR mice. Furthermore, Liuwei Dihuang Pills negatively regulated the expression of 12 differentially expressed proteins associated with DOR, which were mainly involved in lipid catabolism, inflammatory response, immune regulation, and coenzyme biosynthesis. These differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in sphingolipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, ribosomes, ferroptosis, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. In summary, the occurrence of DOR and the treatment of DOR with Liuwei Dihuang Pills are associated with multiple biological pathways, mainly including oxidative stress response, inflammatory response, and immune regulation. "Mitochondria-oxidative stress-apoptosis" is the key to the treatment of DOR by Liuwei Dihuang Pills. YY1 and CYP4F3 may be the key upstream targets that trigger mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation, and the metabolism of arachidonic acid is the main signaling pathway of drug action.

Objective: To explore the factors associated with the development of esophagorespiratory fistula (ERF) after esophageal cancer surgery and its relationship with patient survival. Methods: A total of 241 patients with esophageal cancer after surgery, who received postoperative sputum suction through bronchoscope from West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January and December 2021 were included. The clinical data and airway features under bronchoscope of these patients were collected. Of the 241 patients, 203 were males (84.2%) and 38 were females (15.8%), aged (63.63±8.05) years. The related factors of ERF were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Kaplan-meier was used to analyze the relationship between bronchoscopic specific manifestations, treatment modality and patient survival. Results: Of the 241 postoperative patients with esophageal cancer, 21 (8.7%) developed ERF. There were 39 (16.2%) patients with bronchoscopic specific manifestations, including 16 cases (6.6%) of hyperemia, 13 cases (5.4%) of congestion, and 15 cases (6.2%) of erosion. Bronchoscopic specific manifestations of tracheal mucosa ( OR =13.734, 95% CI : 3.535-29.074, P <0.001) and thoracotomy ( OR =9.121, 95% CI 1.843-44.237, P =0.007) were independent risk factors for the development of ERF, and preoperative chemotherapy ( OR =0.128, 95% CI : 0.052-0.607, P =0.006) was a protective factor in the occurrence of ERF. The median survival time was 224 (95% CI : 95-353)d in the stent-treated group (14 patients) after the onset of ERF, and the median survival time of patients in the supportive care group (7 patients) was 29 (95% CI : 8-50)d, and the survival difference was statistically significant (χ 2 =5.69, P =0.017). Conclusions: Bronchoscopic specific manifestations are independent risk factors for the development of ERF in postoperative patients with esophageal cancer and are useful in assessing the risk of developing ERF. After the occurrence of postoperative ERF, timely intervention by insertion of tracheal stents to seal the fistula may prolong the survival time of the patients.

Objective: R6G-ddATP was used as a dideoxy fluorescence substrate to establish the single base end extension (SNaPShot)-gel fluorescence method for the rapid detection of the genotypes of three high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) ( HPV 18, HPV 33 and HPV 35) genotypes., Methods: HPV quality control products were used as as samples, and R6G-ddATP dideoxy fluorescence reagent was used as substrate. Firstly, HPV was amplified by using universal primers to obtain the first round of amplified products, which were purified and used as templates for subsequent SNaPShot reactions. Then, specific one-step extension primers were used to perform SNaPShot reaction to generate R6G-fluorescence-labeled DNA extension products. The product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, the results of which were observed under a Gel Imager, and the HPV genotyping was done with different one-step extension primers. Each sample was tested three times and the results were compared with DNA sequencing results., Results: The preferred annealing temperature for SNaPShot reaction is 55 ℃. Three HPV genotypes were examined by R6G-ddATP/SNaPShot gel fluorescence assay under optimal conditions, and the results were consistent with DNA sequencing results., Conclusion: The R6G-ddATP/SNaPShot-gel fluorescence method for the micro-detection methods of three HR-HPV genotypes was successfully established and can be used for rapid detection of HPV genotypes., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Veillonella species, known as the early colonizer of oral biofilm, are prevalent in oral microbiota. Seven Veillonella species have been isolated from oral cavity. Their distribution varies not only with different people but also with different sites in the oral cavity. Oral Veillonella are associated with oral diseases. They contribute to the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and consume the lactate generated by streptococci. Veillonella species play an important role in the occurrence and development of periodontal diseases by providing adhesion sites for Porphyromonas gingivalis and boosting immune responses. The production of lipopolysaccharide and H2S is related to other oral diseases, such as pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, and halitosis. Several studies have been conducted on the relationship between Veillonella and oral diseases and the interaction between Veillonella and other pathological microorganisms, but limited knowledge is available at the molecular level. This article reviews the research progress in the relationship between Veillonella and oral infectious diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases.

This paper reports a case with alveolar echinococcosis metastatic to the brain. This case underwent 10-year antiechinococcosis treatment and operations of the liver, right kidney and brain. Following multiple operations and oral administration of albendazole, the case still had recurrence and distant metastasis of hepatic echinococcosis. It is suggested that early prevention, early diagnosis, early regular treatment and surgical radical treatment are critical to the treatment of alveolar echinococcosis.

Objective: To establish SNaPShot-fluorescence capillary analysis (SNaPShot-FCA) assay for rapid detection of the genotype of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene ( ALDH 2) rs671 locus., Methods: The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells. Using R6G-ddATP and cy5-ddGTP as fluorescent substrates, the ALDH 2 gene was amplified by SNaPShot to generate DNA products with different fluorescent dyes at the 3' end. FCA was used to detect the products separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and recovered by gel recovery kit, and the genetype of ALDH 2 polymorphism was analyzed by fluorescence spectrum. The samples were tested three times repeatedly and compared with the results of DNA sequencing., Results: The optimal concentrations of R6G-ddATP and cy5-ddGTP were 1.4 μ mol/L and 8.0 μ mol/L, respectively. 106 samples were tested for ALDH 2 genotype by SNaPShot-FCA under optimal conditions, including 67 of wild type (GG), 38 of hybrid type (AG), and 1 of mutant type (AA), which were consistent with the sequencing results., Conclusion: This study successfully established the SNaPShot-FCA for the micro-detection of ALDH 2 genotype for the rapid screening and identification of ALDH 2 gene., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Objective: To analyze the status of domestic surgical treatment of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer in China. Methods: Clinicopathological data of patients who underwent surgery from October 2003 to October 2018 in 16 domestic medical centers was retrospectively analyzed. Excel database was created which covered 77 fields of 7 parts: baseline information of patients, laboratory tests, imaging tests, chemoradiotherapy information, intra-operative findings, postoperative pathology and follow-up data. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of the measurement data between groups. The χ(2) test was used for comparison of the categorical data between groups. The survival curve was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of the 1 003 patients, there were 575 male and 428 female patients with the age of (58.5±14.1) years (range: 18 to 92 years). In a total of 920 patients, the carcinoma of sigmoid colon was performed in 292 cases (31.8%) with the highest ratio. The proportion of patients with liver metastasis and lung metastasis were 27.9% (219/784) and 8.3% (64/769). Preoperative detection of carcino-embryonic antigen level was the most common method in China (87.74%, 880/1 003), and the positive rate was 64.5% (568/880). The correct rate of preoperative imaging tests was 40.7% (280/688). The ratio of peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) scores between 0 and 10 was the highest (59.6%, 170/285). Two hundred and sixty-two (27.0%) patients were performed by totally laparoscopic operation in 971 patients. The resection of primary tumor was performed in 588 of the 817 patients (72.0%). In a total of 457 cases, 253 (55.4%) patients were performed cytoreduction which group scored completeness of cytoreduction (CCR) 0. The postoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was implemented in 70 of the 334 cases (21.0%). Among 1 003 cases, 562 cases (56.03%) had complete follow-up data and the median overall survival was 15 months. The primary tumor resection and the CCR scores were affected by the PCI scores. The patients underwent primary tumor resection (187/205 vs . 26/80, χ(2)=105.085, P= 0.000) and the patients were performed cytoreduction which scored CCR 0 or CCR 1 (162/204 vs . 8/78, Z= -10.465, P= 0.000) had significant difference between the groups of PCI<20 and ≥20. There was a close correlation between the surgical method and the CCR scores ( Z= -3.246, P= 0.001).When the maximum degree of tumor reduction was planned, most surgeons would choose laparotomy. The overall survival time was longer in patients with primary tumor resection ( P= 0.000). The median survival time was 18.6 months in the group of primary tumor resection. Conclusions: It is difficult to diagnose the synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer before the operation. Primary tumor resection has an obvious effect to prolong the survival time. It is necessary to standardize the treatment of peritoneal metastasis.

This study aims to elucidate the effects of soil particle composition and fractal dimension on soil physical and chemical properties following sand-binding revegetation within straw checkerboard in south-eastern Tengger Desert. Three afforested plantations in the year of 2016 (i.e., 1 year), 2013 (i.e., 4 years) and 1987 (i.e., 30 years) were selected as study sites, with the adjacent mobile sand land as control (CK). We measured soil particle composition, soil fractal dimension, and the changes of soil physical and chemical properties. The relationship between soil particle composition, soil fractal dimension, and soil properties was analyzed. The results showed that contents of soil particle with the size of both 100-250 μm and 250-500 μm were greater than that of 50-100 μm, ranging from 42.5% to 80.1% and from 12.5% to 42.2% relative to that ranging from 0.2% to 20.8%. Contents of soil particle with the size of <2 μm and 2-50 μm were remarka-bly lower than that of 100-250 μm, 250-500 μm and 50-100 μm, ranging from 0 to 1.3% and from 0 to 22.7%, respectively. However, contents of soil particle at the size of 500-1000 μm was the lowest occupying <0.3% of soil particle composition. Soil particle with the size of <2 μm and 2-50 μm were found in the 30-year sites only. Soil particle distribution at the size of 50-100 μm, 100-250 μm, and 250-500 μm followed the order of 30 a>1 a>4 a＞CK, 4 a>1 a>CK>30 a, and CK>1 a>4 a> 30a, respectively. Soil particle with the size of 500-1000 μm occupied little of soil particle composition, with no significant difference between each site. The fractal dimension of soil particles ranged from 0.54 to 2.59. There was significantly greater soil fractal dimension in 30 a in comparison to 4 a, 1 a and CK, with the intermediate values in 4 a and 1 a, and the lowest values in CK. There was a significantly positive correlation of fractal dimension of soil particles with soil particle content of clay, silt, very fine sand, and a significantly negative correlation of fractal dimension of soil particles with soil particle content of medium sand. Fractal dimension of soil particles was positively correlated with soil electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon-nitrogen ratio, but with no correlation with soil pH and soil water content. Soil particle content at the size of <2 μm, 2-50 μm, and 50-100 μm had a significant positive correlation with soil electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon-nitrogen ratio, whereas soil particle content at the size of 250-500 μm had a negative correlation with the former four soil indices and soil water content. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation of soil particle content at the size of 500-1000 μm with soil water content. It was concluded that the sand-binding reve-getation within straw checkerboard in Tengger Desert could facilitate the fine soil particles by ameli-orating stressful soil conditions. Long-term succession of revegetation on mobile sand land could enhance soil clay and silt content as well as soil fractal dimension, thus be beneficial for the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties and desertification control.

Objective: To explore the effects of macrophages with high expression of TL1A on the activation and proliferation of HSCs in vitro. Methods: The Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and peritoneal macrophages (PMs) from wild type (WT) and myeloid-overexpressed TL1A transgenic mice were isolated, differentiated and activated. HSCs were harvested from activated macrophages culture supernatant (CM). HSCs were detected by immunofluorescence and real-time Q-PCR. And the proliferation was detected by CCK-8 and BrdU assay kit. The levels of IL-1β and PDGF-BB in macrophage culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: BMMs-derived CM-intervention HSCs were used to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) on the 2nd, 4th and 6th day respectively by immunofluorescence method. There was no significant difference between the two groups on the 2 nd and the 6th day, P > 0.05; On day 4, the CM/Tg group was significantly higher than that of CM/WT group, P < 0.01; the results of CMs derived from PMs were consistent with the above trend. The expression of α-SMA mRNA on the 2nd, 4th and 6th day was detected by real-time Q-PCR method using BM-derived CMs. No significant difference was found between the groups on the 2nd day ( P > 0.05).α-SMA mRNA increased further on the 4th and 6th day, and the level of CM/Tg in CM/Tg group was significantly higher than that in CM/WT group ( P < 0.05). The detection results of CMs derived from PMs were consistent with the above trend. The results of CCK-8 assay and BrdU assay showed that the proliferation rate of HSCs in CM Tg group was significantly higher than that in CM/WT group ( P < 0.01). The CMs derived from PMs were used to interfere with HSCs. And the results were consistent with the above trend. For BMMs, the levels of IL-1β and PDGF-BB in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + IFNγ/Tg culture supernatant were significantly higher than those in the LPS+IFNγ/WT group ( P < 0.01). For the culture supernatants of PMs Liquid test results consistent with the above trend. Conclusion: Macrophages with high expression of TL1A could enhance the activation and proliferation of HSCs by increasing the secretion of IL-1β and PDGF-BB.

Objective: To understand the antiretroviral treatment (ART) discontinuation rate and its influencing factors among HIV infected patients who initiated ART between 2012 and 2015 in Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan province. Methods: Demographic characteristics, baseline informations of ART, initial treatment regimens and follow-up status of a total of 4 354 patients who initiated ART from 2012 to 2015 in Wenshan prefecture were collected. A historical cohort study was used to describe the discontinuation incidence rate of ART. Life table was used to estimate cumulative retention rate and Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the influencing factors of ART discontinuation. Results: The percentage and incidence rate of discontinuation were 25.1% (1 092/4 354) and 14.53 per 100 person-years among patients who initiated ART from 2012 to 2015 in Wenshan prefecture. ART retention rates were 88%, 83%, 78%, 74% at 6(th) month, 12(th) month, 18(th) month, 24(th) month, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that male patients were at a higher risk of discontinuation ( HR =1.24, 95% CI: 1.09-1.41) than female patients, patients aged ≥50 years were at a higher risk of discontinuation ( HR =1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.53) than patients aged<30 years, discontinuation hazard among patients who were unmarried or divorced or widowed was 1.30 times ( HR :1.30, 95% CI: 1.14-1.48) as patients who were married or cohabitation, discontinuation hazard among patients infected with HIV through injection drug use (IDU) was 1.49 times ( HR :1.49, 95% CI: 1.23-1.82) as those infected through heterosexual transmission, patients with a baseline CD4 cell count < 350/μl ( HR =1.34, 95% CI: 1.13-1.58) or ≥500/μl ( HR =1.36, 95% CI: 1.09-1.71) were at a higher risk of discontinuation than those with a baseline CD4 cell count from 350/μl to 500/μl, patients initiating ART in 2014 ( HR =1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.50) or in 2015 ( HR =1.26, 95% CI: 1.02-1.55) were at a higher risk of discontinuation than those initiating ART in 2012. Conclusion: There is an uptrend for ART discontinuation rate in Wenshan prefecture. Male, 50 years or older, unmarried or divorced or widowed, transmission route as IDU, baseline CD4 count < 350/μl or ≥500/μl are risk factors of ART discontinuation.

Objectives: To determine the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in diagnosing lung or mediastinal lymph node cancer and tuberculosis., Methods: Clinical and pathological data of 553 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA from January 2013 to September 2016 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were reviewed. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for diagnosing lymph node tumor and tuberculosis of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes were calculated., Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA in diagnosing hilar and mediastinal lymph node cancer were 89.2% (263/295), 100% (247/247) and 94.1% (510/542), respectively, compared with 70% (76/117), 97.2% (385/396) and 89.9% (461/513), respectively, for diagnosing tuberculosis identified though granulomatous biopsy. In the 102 cases with acid fast staining and TB-PCR, 63.7% accuracy (58/91), 90.9% (10/11) sensitivity and 66.7% (68/102) specificity were found for any positive findings from acid fast bacilli or TB-DNA., Conclusions: EBUS-TBNA has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing hilar and mediastinal tumor, which can be used in combination with acid fast staining and TB-PCR for diagnosing tuberculosis.

Objective: To clarify the role of cytochrome P450 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis. Methods: A total of 20 male C57BL/6 mice were used. Ten mice were fed with high-fat diet (D12492, 60% kcal fat) for 16 weeks to establish a mouse model of NAFLD, and the other 10 mice were fed with low-fat diet (D12450B, 10% kcal fat) as control group. At the end of the experiment, the body weight, liver weight, and hepatic triglyceride (TG) content were measured. Meanwhile, HE staining and RNA-Seq analysis were performed for the liver tissues. The differentially expressed genes were screened out and subjected to bioinformatics analysis, including KEGG and GO BP enrichment analyses and interaction network analysis. Comparison of means between the two groups was made using t-test. Results: Compared with the control group, the mice in the model group were obviously obese, with significantly increased body weight (41.41 ± 6.01 g vs 28.78 ± 1.79 g, t = 6.04, P < 0.01) and liver weight (1.38 ± 0.30 g vs 1.08 ± 0.10 g, t = 2.89, P < 0.01). The mice in the model group showed obvious steatosis, accompanied by a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, but with no obvious fibrosis, according to the results of HE staining. In addition, the hepatic TG content in the model group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group (0.64 ± 0.01 mg/mg vs 0.29 ± 0.06 mg/mg, t = 10.11, P = 0.04). Compared with the control group, a total of 367 differentially expressed genes, including 211 down-regulated and 156 up-regulated ones, were identified in the model group according to the RNA-seq results. Meanwhile, 19 CYP450 subtypes, accounting for 5% of the differentially expressed genes, were identified, and CYP2E1, CYP2C70, CYP3A11, CYP3A25, CYP2D26, CYP4A10, CYP17A1, CYP2B10, and CYP2C38 were involved in oxidative stress, steroid hormone metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and the PPAR signaling pathway. An interaction network was constructed with 30 nodes, and CYP2E1 and CYP2C70 were identified as key nodes. RT-PCR validation results showed that the expression changes of CYP450 subtypes and lipid metabolism-related genes were consistent with the findings of sequencing. Conclusion: The CYP450 family plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver by regulating lipid metabolism-related pathways, including oxidative stress, arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone metabolism , and fatty acid metabolism.

To provide scientific basis for reasonable application of nitrogen and create varieties with high N use-efficiency, an experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on grain yield, N use rate and quality of different rice varieties. Four different genotypic rice varieties, Nipponbare, N70, N178 and OM052 were used as tested material and three levels of nitrogen application rate (0, 120, 270 kg·hm -2 ) were conducted. Urea as nitrogen source was applied as basal (70%) and panicle (30%) fertilizer. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer could raise yield mainly because of the increased effective panicles and filled grains per panicle. When the N application rate was 120 and 270 kg·hm -2 , OM052 had the largest grain yield among four varieties, being 41.1% and 76.8% higher, respectively compared with control. Difference in grain yield among four varieties was due to the difference of nitrogen use efficiency. Under 120 and 270 kg·hm -2 nitrogen levels, Nipponbare had the lowest grain yield and N agronomic efficiency (NAE, 40.90 g·g -1 and 18.56 g·g -1 ), which was a variety with low N use-efficiency. On the contrary, OM052 had the highest grain yield and NAE (145.9 g·g -1 and 81.24 g·g -1 ), was a variety with high N use-efficiency. N fertilizer application increased the amylose content and protein content, lengthened gel consistency, reduced chalky kernel, chalkiness, and alkali digestion value. With the increase of N fertilizer application, hot paste viscosity, peak viscosity, consistence viscosity and breakdown viscosity were decreased gradually, and setback viscosity was increased. Correlation analysis showed that the yield and yield components had more significant correlations with appearance quality, cooking and eating quality under low N level. This study confirmed that OM052 was a double high variety with extremely high N agronomic efficiency and yield. Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase effective panicles and filled grains per panicle, improve rice quality, and ensure high yield and superior quality simultaneously.

Objective: To explore the relationship between variation of hemoglobin saturation and related respiratory events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Method: According to the SaO₂, the respiratory events were divided into two groups, followed or not followed the second events (SRE and N-SRE). Four features were extracted from SaO₂ and compared within groups under SRE versus N-SRE, and comparisons were also developed between moderate patients and severe patients. Result: ΔSaO₂, max, the duration and Dvmax was significantly higher in SRE than N-SRE ( P < 0.01), while Nadir was significantly lower in SRE than N-SRE ( P < 0.01). There was also significant difference in the blood oxygen index between moderate and severe patients. The change of SaO₂ is correlated with the ventilation restoration. The results also suggest that the severity of the patient's condition will affect the change of SaO₂ related indicators. Conclusion: This study provides information on the further study of ventilation restoration. Moreover, this study may provide a possible solution for the treatment of OSAHS., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

The objective of the present paper is to study the influence of water stress on wheat spectrum red edge parameters by using field wheat spectrum data obtained from water stress experiment. Firstly, the authors analyzed the influence of water stress on wheat spectrum reflectance. Then the authors got the wheat red edge position and red edge peak through calculating wheat spectrum first-order differential and analyzed the influence of water stress on wheat red edge parameters. Finally the authors discussed the relationship between red peak and wheat yield. The results showed that the wheat red edge position shows "red shift" at the beginning of the wheat growth period and "blue shift" at the later period of the wheat growth period under the water stress experiment. Also, the red edge peak of the wheat showed that red edge peak increased with the water stress sharpening at the beginning of the wheat growth period, and then the red edge peak reduced with the water stress sharpening. The wheat red edge peak presented positive correlation with the wheat yield before the elongation period, and exhibited negative correlation after that period.

Purpose: To investigate the expression of ErbB3 binding protein ebp1, E-cadherin, ICAM-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma(SACC), and to explore their relationship with clinical pathological features., Methods: Two-step immunohistochemical staining method was used to detect the expression of ebp1 E-cadherin, ICAM-1 and MMP-9 in 33 cases with human SACC and 33 with para-cancerous normal tissues. All data were analyzed with SPSS17.0 software package., Results: Positive expression rate of ebp1 in SACC was 84.85%, lower than in normal salivary tissues(96.97%). Ebp1 expression was significantly correlated to pathological pattern and clinical stage(P<0.05), but not correlated to gender and age. Positive expression rate of ebp1 at I-II stage was higher than that of SACC at III-IV stage; in regard to pathological typing, higher expression was found in adenoid tubular type than in solid type; the positive expression rate in patients with tumor metastasis was lower than in patients without metastasis (P<0.05). Expression of ebp1 had a positive relationship with E-cadherin (r=0.851,P<0.01), while a negative relationship was found with MMP-9 (r=-0.364,P<0.05)., Conclusions: Expression of ebp1 may be associated with progression of SACC. Ebp1 has important role in the generation and evolution of adenoid cystic carcinoma, and can be used as a useful indicator for clinical assessment of tumor biological behavior and prognosis in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Objective: To observe the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) in rats of different ages and explore the possible relationship of IGF-1 with aging-related erectile dysfunction (ED)., Methods: We primarily cultured CCSMCs of rats aged 4, 12 and 24 months, and identified them by immunohistochemistry. We quantitatively cultured the CCSMCs in 6-well culture plates, determined the levels of IGF-1 secreted from the CCSMCs by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and analyzed the effect of age on the IGF-1 level., Results: CCSMCs were successfully cultured in vitro. The level of IGF-1 secreted from the CCSMCs was decreased with the increase of age, with 7.1 ng/10(5) cells in the 4-month-old group, 2.2 ng/10(5) cells in the 12-month group, and 1.9 ng/10(5) cells in the 24-month group, with statistically significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The secretion of IGF-1 is reduced with the increase of age, and the decreased expression of IGF-1 might be associated with aging-related ED.

Objective: To investigate the expression of ErbB-3 binding protein-1 (EBP-1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and E-cadherin (E-cad) in adenoid cystic carcinoma and their correlation., Methods: Immunohistochemistry(PV6000 method) was used to detect EBP-1, MMP-9 and E-cad expression in 66 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues and matched para-cancerous normal tissues. In this study all cases were successfully followed up., Results: The positive expression rate of EBP-1 in adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues was 85%. EBP-1 expression was significantly correlated to pathological pattern and clinical stage (P < 0.05), but not to gender and age. In addition, there was a negative correlation between EBP-1 and E-cad expression, and positive correlation between EBP-1 and MMP-9., Conclusions: EBP-1 and its correlation with MMP-9 and E-cad may be used as useful indicators for clinical assessment of tumor biological behavior and prognosis in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Purpose: To observe the common oral bacteria adhesion on the surface of prosthesis with different roughness, and to analyze the sequence of these adhesions and offer the options for better prosthesis and prevention of their occurrence., Methods: The specimens made of Co-Cr alloy were polished step by step and divided into six groups. Then, they were put into the liquid BHI culture medium containing Ua, An and Pg. After 24h, the adhesive microbial amount and microbial amount in the culture medium were determined by counting the clonal formation unit. SPSS 6.0 software package was used to analyzed the data., Results: There was significant difference among different groups of surface roughness(P<0.05). Pg was found neither on the surface of specimen , nor in the liquid BHI culture medium. After 24h, there was significant difference among six groups of Ua and An on the prosthesis surface (P<0.05). The total amount of bacterial of each group was different, too., Conclusions: Pg is inhibited when these bacteria are cultivated together. The surface roughness of the materials positively correlates with the amount of adhesive bacteria. We should choose highly polished Co-Cr alloy to lessen the bacteria adhesion. Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 08DZ2271100) and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.T0202).

Objective: To probe into the optimal frequency of electroacupuncture for the access to the best anesthesia., Methods: Sixty cases of optional thyroid surgery were randomly divided into group A, group B and group C, 20 cases in each group. In group A, 2 Hz/100 Hz disperse-dense wave was selected in stimulation. In group B, 2 Hz/15 Hz disperse-dense wave was selected. Group C was the control group without electric stimulation applied. Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6) were stimulated bilaterally. Cervical plexus block was produced after 15 min acupuncture. The concentration changes in plasma cortisone (COR) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) were compared among 4 time-points, named before anesthesia (T1), before skin incision after induction (T2), thyroid traction in surgery (T3) and the end of surgery (T4)., Results: Group B achieved the highest significant rate of analgesia (50.0%, 10/20) and that in group C was the lowest (10.0%, 2/20). COR content was the highest at T2 in group A and that was the lowest at T3 in group B. At the end of surgery, COR content was up the maximum in 3 groups, but still COR content was the lowest in group B in comparison. The plasma beta-EP content decreased apparently at T3 and T4 in group B as compared with the value before (both P < 0.05)., Conclusion: In electroacupuncture-assisted anesthesia, 2 Hz/15 Hz disperse-dense wave achieves the optimal anesthesia compared with 2 Hz/100 Hz disperse-dense wave, and moreover inhibits stress reaction induced by anesthesia surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of roots reinforced by light-cured composite resin through three different posts in simulated teeth., Methods: Simulated metal mold as flared canal was filled with resin composite in which three kinds of posts were inserted into the center separately and photopolymerized through them. Cured resins were sectioned vertically, then invested and polished. Hardness measurements were made from up to bottom per 1mm at two horizontal distances (d1=0.5mm,d2=1.5mm) from the central post. SAS 6.12 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: With the increase in width, there was no difference for decrease among the three groups. There was difference in the width of cure between d1 and d2 in 3 groups. As the depth increased, difference of decrease was found among the three groups. Decline of light-transmitting post was the minimal,while that of post B(match-post) was the maximal.There was significant difference in the depth of cure between the light-transmitting post and two control posts (P<0.05)., Conclusions: The results suggest that light-transmitting post has a remarkable utility compared with the control posts.Using light-transmitting post reconstructing flared roots may reaches a better outcome.

Water-soluble CdTe/ZnTe core-shell quantum dots (QDs) coated with L-cysteine were synthesized in low-temperature aqueous-phase one-pot approach. The authors measured the spectral characteristics of QDs at different pH in various buffer solutions and under different excitation laser powers. The primary results show that the absorption spectra of QDs approximately overlap and the fluorescence spectra peaks have no shift in different pH solution. The fluorescence intensity increased linearly with increasing pH. With the incubation time in borate buffer solution, the fluorescence intensity decreased a little. Under strong power laser, the QDs were photobleached rapidly. However, QDs are strongly anti-photobleaching under appropriate laser power (< 100 microW). Thus, such QDs have good biological stability and optical stability. By conjugating the QDs with transferrin protein and constructing the targeted fluorescent nanoparticles, the authors labelled the HeLa cell successfully. Photobleaching experiments in vivo show that microenvironment inside cells affect the stability and accelerate the photobleaching of QDs.

With the development of root canal therapy, and prosthodontic materials, techniques as well, the restoration of residual roots has made great progress. However, the restoration of endodontically treated teeth with excessive loss of mineralized tissues still presents a challenge to dentists. Prognosis is comparatively poor if flared roots are restored by conventional methods. Many scholars have devoted themselves to the researches on how to reinforce the compromised root to increase the fracture resistance. The newly research progress of methods, results and evaluations for flared roots reinforcement were reviewed in this paper.

In order to obtain the accurate yield of landfill gas in Yulongkeng Landfill, Shenzhen, improved pumping test was conducted. The methane production rates of the influence region were figured out as 14.67 x 10(-5), 9.46 x 10(-5), 9.55 x 10(-5), and 4.28 x 10(-5) m3/(t x h), respectively. According to the methane production rate, the whole methane yield of Yulongkeng Landfill in 2005 was 322 m3/h, which indicated that Yulongkeng Landfill had went into stationary phase and the recycle of landfill gas was not valuable. IPCC model was verified by the measured data. Degradation half life of the waste was the key parameter concerned to the prediction accuracy of IPCC model. In China, the degradable waste in municipal solid waste was mainly kitchen waste leading to a short degradation period, which caused the degradation half life was shorter than the proposed value in IPCC model. For the improvement in prediction accuracy of landfill gas yield, the model parameters should be adopted reasonably based on a full survey of waste characterization in China, which will boost the applicability of IPCC model.

Drug dependence has been a severe social and health problem, which has caused serious economic losses and social disorder in China. The critical problem in drug dependence is repeated relapse even after detoxification. We have been contributed to the research of neurobiological mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and interventions of craving after withdrawal from addicting drugs. We have systematically studied the change of drug seeking behavior and craving after withdrawal from cocaine, and further investigated the neural anatomic pathway, long-term neuroplasticity, and neural signal pathways which involved in the change of drug seeking behavior. According to the situation of drug abuse in China, we investigated the characteristics in the expression of incubation of craving after withdrawal from opiate. We have primarily found the neural anatomic pathways and neural plasticity mechanisms which contribute to the process. We have also demonstrated the psychological characteristics and neurobiological mechanisms of craving induced by opiate and its long-term maintenance resulting from learning and memory, chronobiology and imaging. Our findings have provided evidence for effective inventions on preventing relapse after abstinence in addicts.

Objective: To study the factors affecting the management and treatment of immigrant workers with tuberculosis, to determine the most effective measures and to provide an academic basis for tuberculosis control and prevention strategies targeting the immigrant population., Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was administered to 1364 immigrant workers with tuberculosis (study group) and 436 local residents (control group) with tuberculosis., Results: Whether a patient's tuberculosis status was discovered or not was related to the medical facilities initially visited, job mobility, and the individual worker's economic condition. The percentage of cases discovered was relatively low among those who made their first visit to a private clinic (39.0%), and 58.4% (796) of immigrant workers delayed their first consultation mainly due to neglecting symptoms (55.9%, 445), subjective perception of symptoms being not severe enough (19.3%, 154) to visit a physician and the inconvenience of visiting a hospital because of its being far away from home (15.8%, 47). As comparing immigrant workers with local residents, the differences of the delay reason between the two groups were statistically significant (chi(2) = 21.49, P < 0.01). And 39.9% (544) of immigrant workers and 49.1% (214) of local residents had had late confirmation. The differences of the delay reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 7.31, P = 0.293). And 17.6% (240) patients of immigrant workers and 13.1% (57) patients of local residents did not keep to their drug regimens in a timely fashion. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 6.66, P > 0.05). And 77.5% (1057) of immigrant workers and 31.8% (138) of local residents were considered that taking medicine in supervision spot might have impact on their lives and work. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were significant (chi(2) = 9.71, P < 0.05). All 79.2% (1080) of immigrant workers and 63.3% (276) of local residents did not obtain medicine according to prescriptions. The differences of reasons between the two groups were statistically significant (chi(2) = 24.84, P < 0.01). And 51.2% (699) of immigrant workers and 46.1% (201) of the registered population did not follow up with doctors' directions for lab tests. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 3.26, P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The influential factors in tuberculosis management and treatment were complex. Prevention strategies should focus on health education and promotion activities to improve awareness in seeking medical services. Also, developing and standardizing reference mechanisms for patients, and alleviating the economic burden of the workers will be critical to reduce the tuberculosis incidence.

Aim: To investigate the action and mechanism of Syn-1A in reversing the activation of K(ATP) channel induced by weak acidic pH., Methods: The patches excised from Kir6.2/SUR2A expressing HEK-293 cells were used to establish inside-out configuration. To examine the actions of weak acidic pH in activation of the channel and the reverse action of Syn-1A on it, the inside-out patches were continuously perfused with the solution of pH from 7.4, 7.0, 6.8, 6.5 to 6.0 with or without Syn-1A. In vitro binding was employed to study the influence of different pH to the binding of Syn-1A to SUR2A subunit., Results: Syn-1A blocked pH 6.5, 6.8 and 7.0 induced activation of the channel, and Syn-1A binding to SUR2A were increased by reducing pH from 7.4 to 6.0., Conclusion: Syn-1A would assert some inhibition of the KATP channels, which might temper the fluctuation of acidic pH-induced K(ATP) channel opening that could induce fatal re-entrant arrhythmias.

In this paper, we introduce the grid technology into the design of the distributed PACS. First, we analyse the architecture and functions of OGSA-DAI, and then, introduce a model of the distributed PACS based on OGSA-DAI, and give a detailed analysis on its basic components and workflow. Finally, we make a conclusion on the distributed PACS based on grid technology.

Objective: To observe the early clinical results with degenerative lumbar instability treated with transpedical screw fixation and intertransverse process autogenous bone grafting., Methods: From September 2000 to February 2002, 19 patients (5 males and 14 females) of degenerative lumbar spine instability were treated with decompression for spinal canal stenosis, transpedical screw fixation and intertransverse process autogenous bone grafting. The locations of degenerative lumbar spine instability were between L4 and L5 in 10 patients, between L3, L4 and L5 in 4 cases, between L3 and L4 in 3 cases, between L5 and S1 in 2 cases. The results were evaluated after operation. The preoperative clinical symptoms disappeared completely as excellent results, relieved obviously as good results, improved as fair results and unrelieved or worsened as poor results., Results: Seventeen patients were followed up for 4-18 months with an average of 8.1 months. The results of the treatment were excellent in 12 patients, good in 4 patients and fair in 1 patient. The excellent and good rate was 94.1%. Intertransverse process arthrodesis was obtained after 6 months of operation in all cases. No loosened and broken instruments occurred., Conclusion: The advantages of degenerative lumbar spine instability treated with transpedical screw fixation and intertransverse are reliable fixation, high successful rate of fusion and less influence on spinal canal. The above results show satisfactory clinical outcome.

Objective: To review the anatomy, etiology, therapy strategy of Achilles tendon injury and its related advances in recent years., Methods: The related articles in recent years were extensively reviewed., Results: There still were many arguments about the effect of corticosteroid on the treatment of tendon disease. Fluoqmnolone was found to be related with Achilles tendon injury. Acute rupture of Achilles tendon could be treated with open operation, percutaneous repair, or conservative therapy. For old rupture, many kinds of operations could be selected., Conclusion: The growth factors found in recent years provide us with new prospect for future treatment of Achilles tendon injury.

Objective: To establish a new method on stratification analysis when the stratification limits of confounding factors was not clear or contradictory., Method: Data on a study of diabetes mellitus in Guangdong province collected in the year of 1997 and 1998 was analyzed using cluster-stratification analysis., Results: The efficiency of stratification analysis was improved and the confounding bias was effectively controlled with information bias avoided when the clusters-stratification analysis was applied., Conclusion: The problem was logically solved using cluster analysis as an assistant stratification means.

Objective: To review the methods of end-to-side anastomosis in repair of peripheral nerve injury and to analyze the difficulty faced., Methods: By index of recent literature, the kind of experimental model, observation criteria and the clinical data were collected and analyzed., Results: For different methods of end-to-side anastomosis in repair of peripheral nerve defect, the clinical outcomes were reported differently. The clinical application was fewer. There was lack of case summary and assessment criteria., Conclusion: The superiority of end-to-side anastomosis made it necessary to further study the mechanism and improvement of quality.

Objective: To clarify the character of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the denervated red and white muscles and the relationship between the amount of NGF and sensitive neurotrophism of denervated red and white muscles., Methods: The model of the denervated gastrocnemius and soleus was made by clipping the sciatic nerve of Wister rats. The immunohistochemistry was taken to measure the amount of NGF in muscles, and the neurotrophism of extracts of muscles was tested with culture of dorsal root ganglions at the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after injury., Results: The amount of NGF in denervated gastrocnemius and soleus decreased, especially in soleus. The neruotrophism of the extracts of the two kinds of denervated muscles did not decrease; on the contrary, it increased after a week after injury., Conclusion: The injury of peripheral nerves causes the amount of NGF in the target tissues to increase, but the change is different between the denervated muscles; the neurotrophism of the extracts of musclesis determined by all kinds of neurotrophic factors, and can not be explained by a single factor.

Objective: To investigate the variation of neurotrophic factors expression in spinal cord and muscle after root avulsion of brachial plexus., Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were involved in this study and according to the observing time in 1st day, 1st week, 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week after avulsion, and the control, were divided into 6 groups. By immunohistochemical and hybridization in situ assays, the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) on muscle, basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and its mRNA on the neurons of corresponding spinal cord was detected. Computer image analysis system was used to calculate the result., Results: After the root avulsion of brachial plexus occurred, expression of NGF increased and reached to the peak at the 1st day. It subsided subsequently but was still higher than normal control until the 12th week. While expression of bFGF and its mRNA increased in the neurons of spinal cord and reached to the peak at the 1st week. Then it dropped down and at the 12th week it turned lower than normal control., Conclusion: After root avulsion of brachial plexus, neurotrophic factors expression increase on target muscle and neurons of corresponding spinal cord. It maybe the autoregulation and may protect neuron and improve nerve regeneration.

Objective: To study the early protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) on the experimental acute spinal cord injury., Methods: Thirty-four SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, and were subjected to contusion of thoracolumbar spinal cord. A thin plastic tube was placed in subarachnoid space below the injury level for perfusion. The bFGF-treated rats were received 20 microliters bFGF(containing bFGF 100 U) at once, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after injury, and an equal volume of normal saline was given to the control group at the same time. The injured spinal cord was detected by morphological observation and biochemical index after injury., Results: The degree of ionic disorder in bFGF-treated rats was significantly ameliorated and the contents of H2O were also markedly decreased. The morphological finding showed that the damages of gray and white matter in bFGF-treated rats were slighter than those of saline-treated rats., Conclusion: bFGF has some protective effects on the secondary lesion of early spinal cord injury in rats.

From 1978 to 1992,the clinical data of 59 patients with intramuscular hemangioma in oral and maxillofacial regions were reviewed and analysed.The average age and the duration were 23 years old and eight years respectively.All patients were treated surgically,53 cases (89.83%)were completely resected and those of other 6 cases(10.1%) partially resected without any complications,Follow-up for 11 months to 12 years showed that 2 cases relapsed,and thus the cure rate was 96.6%(57/59),The author affirmed the significance of surgical operation in treatment and put forward the view of classification of hemangioma the vascular deformities.

The treatment of hip fracture in 81 cases of elderly (age ranged from 80 to 95) were reviewed. 13 of them were over 90 years old and 42 (52%) were accompanied with more than three preexistent diseases, mainly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The femoral neck fracture (31 cases) were treated by Smith-Petersen nail or femoral head prosthesis replacement, the intertrochanteric fracture of femur (50 cases) were treated by McLaughlin or Richard nail. 24 cases (29.6%) had post-operative complications, e.g. pneumonia in 9 cases, cerebrovascular disease in 7 cases, cardio-vascular disease in 5 cases. Most of them recovered promptly after appropriate treatment. 5 patients died of pneumonia, the mortality is 6%. Internal fixation of hip fractures in elderly is one of very important methods of relieving pain, lowering morbidity and mortality, and early recovery of motion and normal daily life. It is believed that the proper evaluation of patient's general condition, appropriate treatment of preexistent disease, smooth anesthesia, skillful technique and intensive nursing care are needed for getting good results. The large majority of them will tolerate the operation nicely, even in high risk.

The posterior interosseous artery (PIA) is the nutritive artery of the dorsal forearm flap. This article describes the dissection study for PIA in 40 cases. The results are as follows: 1. PIA is classified into different types; 2. the external diameter of PIA at the inferior margin of the supinator, the length of PIA and the distance between the artery and external epicondyle of the humerus are described; 3. the course of the artery and its neighboring structures are defined. The above study provides the foundation of designing of the posterior forearm pedicled flap in the repair of defects situated on the forearm and hand.