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Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is popular with consumers due to its delicious meat and high nutritional value. It is a globally recognized high-end marine economic fish. With the advancement of fishing equipment and the increase in fishing efforts, the amount of tuna resources has decreased significantly. To make up for the insufficient supply of tuna in the market and protect wild populations, it is essential to carry out research on artificial aquaculture technology for tuna and to gradually establish full-cycle cultures of tuna. In order to study the differences in the nutritional components and quality of yellowfin tuna muscles of different sizes, three different-sized yellowfin tuna, J1 (4.2±1.2) kg, J2 (22.5± 2.5) kg, and J3 (50.8±3.9) kg, were used as the research subjects, and conventional biochemical analysis methods were used to compare and analyze the proximate compositions, amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral elements of tuna muscle. The results showed that (1) the moisture level of the J1 group was significantly higher than that of the J2 and J3 groups (PJ2>J1. The content of nonessential amino acids was J3>J2>J1 (P0.05). The fatty acids in yellowfin tuna muscle were mainly PUFAs, and the content of DHA accounted for 37.46%~39.18% of the total fatty acid content. The DHA content of the J3 group was significantly higher than that of the J1 and J2 groups (PJ2>J1 (PJ2>J1 (P

Biodiversity loss is one of the major crises facing humanity today, and with none of the biodiversity targets represented by the Aichi Biodiversity Targets being met, there is an urgent need to promote transformative change to halt and reverse the trend of biodiversity loss. Nature-based solutions (NbS) have emerged as an important way to address the global crisis due to its inherent principles involving holistic and systemicness, diversity, stability, sustainability, trade-offs, and compatibility. The relationship between biodiversity and NbS is analyzed from a mechanistic and functional perspective, and the pathway of NbS as a proxy for biodiversity conservation is revealed by restoring of ecosystem complexity and trophic levels to put nature on the path. We here propose the dual intensions of promoting NbS for biodiversity conservation, as (1) the goal aimed at enhancing diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystem, and (2) the tool involves use natural processes. Based on the above understanding of the link between NbS and biodiversity, this paper further compares the conceptual connotation of NbS with the consistency of biodiversity conservation, as well as the NbS methods for biodiversity conservation including natural, agricultural and urban area. Practical cases of NbS for biodiversity conservation or synergy of NbS for biodiversity are summarized in align with differentiated typical ecosystems. The multiple benefits of NbS for biodiversity conservation, climate change and sustainable development are discussed. The vision of integrating NbS into strategic planning for biodiversity conservation is presented to provide a reference for promoting the implementation of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the mainstreaming of NbS in biodiversity conservation.

Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework sets out key actions for biodiversity conservation worldwide in the coming period, including integrating biodiversity and its multiple values into economic and social activities. As a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), China has made unremitting efforts to promote the biodiversity mainstreaming, integrating biodiversity conservation into top-level national decision-making and major strategic planning, and integrating it into the policies, norms and assessment mechanisms of ecological environments, natural resources and other relevant industries. Different functional departments, scientific research institutions, enterprises, social organizations and other organizations have carried out extensive and in-depth researches based on multiple aspects of biodiversity conservation and management. Benchmark the objectives of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and refer the advanced experience of biodiversity mainstreaming practices in other countries, we discussed and analyzed the conceptual connotation of biodiversity mainstreaming, summarized the practice and stage results of biodiversity mainstreaming in China. Then focusing on different actors including governments, enterprises and the public, we propose the implementation path of promoting biodiversity mainstreaming in an all-round way for China in the new era, including: (1) To import a consistent action framework which is mitigation protection hierarchy with four steps, contains avoidance, mitigation, recovery, and offset; (2) To give play to the leading role of government governance, and to integrate biodiversity conservation into government governance systems and industrial development layout with the help of various planning and policy tools; (3) To support enterprises to take joint actions and internalize ecological and environmental hazards into business operations which can promote sustainable production and consumption; (4) To raise public awareness to promote broad participation in biodiversity conservation, establish a system of public participation in biodiversity conservation through various publicity and education actions, to guide the public to practice a green and low-carbon lifestyle, and to translate into real benefits of biodiversity and climate mitigation and improvement. By taking the above actions, we will strive to integrate biodiversity into the policy mechanisms of government departments at all levels and social production and life practices, so as to provide references for improving biodiversity governance decisions.

The optical transmission system based on all-band is considered to be one of the methods to effectively improve the transmission capacity of optical communication. In addition of the C and L bands, the using of other bands for transmission can fully tap the transmission potential of the existing optical fiber network and solve the bottleneck problem of large capacity communication network. The realization of its key technologies and systems is conducive to promoting the industrialization process of related technologies, which has broad economic benefits. This paper analyzes and discusses the current research status of multi-band optical transmission technology. And then as the focus, the performance difference of S、C and L band is studied by experiments. Based on the devices designed for C and L bands, the experiment of 40 km transmission system covering on S、C and L band is completed by using Polarization Division Multiplexed 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (PDM-16QAM) modulation format, and the transmission capacity can reach 122.4 Tbit/s. The multi-band transmission capability of G. 652.D optical fiber is verified, which provicles an experimental basis for further research on multi-band optical transmission technology.

Potential geological disasters frequently occur in northwestern Yunnan. Landslide is the main type of geohazard. The identification of landslide in this area is an effective disaster prevention and mitigation measure. The traditional methods of identifying potential geological hazards are relatively single and rely on a large number of manpower and the investigation efficiency are not satisfactory. This paper processes the data from WordView2, Sentinel-1A, and ALOS-2 remote sensing satellite by using the Stacking-InSAR and other technologies, and a variety of optical satellite images and InSAR-processed surface deformation maps were obtained. Optical interpretation signs and InSAR identification signs had undergone multiple visual interpretations and manual interactive interpretations, and based on the interpretation and recognition results, the identification methods are summarized and field investigations were also carried out to verify the results. A total of 806 potential landslides and old landslides were identified, providing new survey ideas and technical references for the future investigation and evaluation of geological disasters in northwestern Yunnan.

Aiming at the modulation problem of high energy efficiency and high sensitivity in the space laser communication system, the Differential Pulse Position Modulation (DPPM) format is studied and applied to the coherent optical communication system. The balance point is found in the system considering power consumption, Bit Error Ratio (BER) performance and bandwidth occupation through simulation and experiment. The experimental results show that in the direct modulation direct detection and coherent optical communication transmission systems, the optical power of the signal path required to reach the hard line is-36.5 and-60.0 dBm respectively when the same transmission channel and the same transmission rate of 1.25 Gbit/s DPPM signal is applied. The optical power margin of the coherent transmission system is increased by about 24 dB compared with the direct detection transmission system. In order to achieve the transmission goal of the hard judgment line, the optical power of the receiver for transmitting the DPPM signal at the rate of 3、6、12、24 Gbit/s needs to be about-49、-47、-42、-36 dBm respectively. It is demonstrated that higher sensitivity and lower BER can be obtained by using DPPM format/coherent detection.

Abstract: As the classical transient flow model cannot simulate the water hammer effect of gas well, a transient flow mathematical model of multiphase flow gas well is established based on the mechanism of water hammer effect and the theory of multiphase flow. With this model, the transient flow of gas well can be simulated by segmenting the curved part of tubing and calculating numerical solution with the method of characteristic curve. The results show that the higher the opening coefficient of the valve when closed, the larger the peak value of the wellhead pressure, the more gentle the pressure fluctuation, and the less obvious the pressure mutation area will be. On the premise of not exceeding the maximum shut-in pressure of the tubing, adopting large opening coefficient can reduce the impact of the pressure wave. The higher the cross-section liquid holdup, the greater the pressure wave speed, and the shorter the propagation period will be. The larger the liquid holdup, the larger the variation range of pressure, and the greater the pressure will be. In actual production, the production parameters can be adjusted to get the appropriate liquid holdup, control the magnitude and range of fluctuation pressure, and reduce the impact of water hammer effect. When the valve closing time increases, the maximum fluctuating pressure value of the wellhead decreases, the time of pressure peak delays, and the pressure mutation area gradually disappears. The shorter the valve closing time, the faster the pressure wave propagates. Case simulation proves that the transient flow model of gas well can optimize the reasonable valve opening coefficient and valve closing time, reduce the harm of water hammer impact on the wellhead device and tubing, and ensure the integrity of the wellbore.

A macroscopic three-dimensional physical simulating model of multi-well fracture-cavity units was designed and constructed based on similarity theory. The characteristics and the water breakthrough pattern of fracture-cavity reservoirs developed in bottom water depletion and water injection modes were investigated by the model. The results show that, in bottom water drive, under the effect of bottom water depletion and water breakthrough, the wells had high productivity in early stage and fast decline. After energy supplement by injecting water, the productivity rebounded in a short time and then began a slow decline. The bottom water tended to coning to the wells at the place of bottom water entry. The water breakthrough pattern is spot pattern and the water breakthrough time is controlled by the well's connectivity to the bottom water; the water injection can inhibit coning and intrusion of bottom water, turning the spot pattern water breakthrough in bottom water drive period into planar line form, and the water breakthrough time in water injection period was mainly influenced by the well depth. The water cut of wells in water flooding multi-well fracture-cavity units changes in three patterns: slow rise, staircase rise and abrupt watered-out, which is influenced by the reservoir type and the coordination number. When the well encounters cavity, the water cut increasing rate slows down with the increase of the coordination number; when the well drilled fractures, the water cut changes in staircase pattern with the increase of coordination number. Key words: fracture-cavity reservoir, macroscopic three-dimensional physical simulation model, similarity theory, bottom water coning, inhibit coning by water injection, varying pattern of water cut

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of etomidate and its metabolite etomidate acid in blood, and to discuss its application value in actual cases. Methods Acetonitrile precipitate protein method was used, and C18 column was selected. Gradient elution was performed with acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate within 6 min. Electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used. The internal standard etomidate acid-d5 was obtained by etomidate-d5 alkaline hydrolysis reaction. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for quantitative analysis. The methodological verification was conducted. Results Etomidate and etomidate acid in blood showed good linear relationship in the quantitative linear range r>0.999, with the lower limit of quantification was 2.5 ng/mL and 7.5 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy, precision, recovery rate, and matrix effect of the method met the professional verification standards. The practical application results showed that etomidate and etomidate acid could be detected in the blood of the abusers, and their mass concentrations ranged from 17.24 to 379.93 ng/mL. Conclusion The method established in this study can simultaneously quantify etomidate and etomidate acid in blood, which is simple and convenient to operate with accuracy. It can meet the detection needs of actual cases and provide technical support for law enforcement to crack down on etomidate abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of etomidate and its metabolite etomidate acid in blood, and to discuss its application value in actual cases. Methods Acetonitrile precipitate protein method was used, and C18 column was selected. Gradient elution was performed with acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate within 6 min. Electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used. The internal standard etomidate acid-d5 was obtained by etomidate-d5 alkaline hydrolysis reaction. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） was used for quantitative analysis. The methodological verification was conducted. Results Etomidate and etomidate acid in blood showed good linear relationship in the quantitative linear range （r>0.999）, with the lower limit of quantification was 2.5 ng/mL and 7.5 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy, precision, recovery rate, and matrix effect of the method met the professional verification standards. The practical application results showed that etomidate and etomidate acid could be detected in the blood of the abusers, and their mass concentrations ranged from 17.24 to 379.93 ng/mL. Conclusion The method established in this study can simultaneously quantify etomidate and etomidate acid in blood, which is simple and convenient to operate with accuracy. It can meet the detection needs of actual cases and provide technical support for law enforcement to crack down on etomidate abuse.

The pattern and cause of changes in microbial community structure and metabolic activities were explored during the long-term storage of Nongxiangxing Baiju Daqu. The microbial community composition on and in Daqu was determined by high-throughput sequencing technology, and changes in saccharification power and liquefaction power were analyzed. Volatile flavor substances were studied by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the formation mechanism of Daqu microbial flora and the cause of metabolite changes during storage were explored by constructing a phylogenetic null model as well as using multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that during the storage of Nongxiangxing Baijiu Daqu, the microbial community was rebalanced, and enzyme activities and volatile compounds were further enriched and transformed. The development of microbial communities was governed by stochastic processes, and also affected by deterministic processes, in which heterogeneous selection played a major role, and niche width differences also had a certain impact on it. The changes in saccharifying power, liquefaction power and flavor substances of Daqu were closely related to the succession of microbial community. These results provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of Daqu.

In this paper, changes in the curriculum system of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering(OGSTE)in China over the past 70 years were reviewed and analyzed. It is found that the focus of OGSTE education has gradually shifted from the cultivation of engineering practice ability at the beginning to the cultivation of scientific research ability, which is different from the development direction of international engineering education. Therefore, the main problems of OGSTE education at present were pointed out based on the status of teachers of the colleges and universities, with consideration to the OGSTE requirements for talents in the era of national energy transformation and artificial intelligence, including inadequate engineering practice ability of the young teachers, inconsistency of talent cultivation objective with the development of international engineering education, lack of systematic training of students in knowledge application, failure of the curriculum system to meet the requirements of the new era, and failure of the teaching methods to mobilize the learning initiative of students. Therefore, strategies were proposed in a targeted manner as follows: to establish the teacher engineering ability training system, set the OGSTE training goal of cultivating interdisciplinary talents, adopt the integrated curriculum structure of theory and practice, build an "engineering + intelligence" curriculum system, and apply the projectbased teaching methods. Conclusively, the research results could provide reference for returning the OGSTE undergraduate education in the new era to the cultivation of engineering practice ability.

Objectives: To establish a method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of etomidate and its metabolite etomidate acid in blood, and to discuss its application value in actual cases., Methods: Acetonitrile precipitate protein method was used, and C 18 column was selected. Gradient elution was performed with acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate within 6 min. Electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used. The internal standard etomidate acid-d 5 was obtained by etomidate-d 5 alkaline hydrolysis reaction. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for quantitative analysis. The methodological verification was conducted., Results: Etomidate and etomidate acid in blood showed good linear relationship in the quantitative linear range ( r >0.999), with the lower limit of quantification was 2.5 ng/mL and 7.5 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy, precision, recovery rate, and matrix effect of the method met the professional verification standards. The practical application results showed that etomidate and etomidate acid could be detected in the blood of the abusers, and their mass concentrations ranged from 17.24 to 379.93 ng/mL., Conclusions: The method established in this study can simultaneously quantify etomidate and etomidate acid in blood, which is simple and convenient to operate with accuracy. It can meet the detection needs of actual cases and provide technical support for law enforcement to crack down on etomidate abuse.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristic of microcirculation in healthy volunteers and patients with septic shock in both Xining (2 260 m) and Nanjing (10 m)., Methods: A total of 62 cases, 33 healthy volunteers, 22 cases in Xining, (2 260 m above sea level) and 11 cases in Nanjing (10 m above sea level); and 29 septic shock, 13 cases in Xining and 16 cases in Nanjing were collected. The total vessel density (TVD), perfused vessel density (PVD), proportion of perfused vessel (PPV) and microcirculation flow index (MFI) of both healthy volunteers and septic shock had been investigated by using sidestream dark field (SDF). Analyzed and managed the image data by using AVA3.0 software., Results: In the healthy volunteers in Xining area (22 cases),the volume of TVD (15.59 ±2.58 mm/mm 2 ), PVD (15.58 ±2.58 mm/mm 2 ) and PPV(96.60% ±4.63%) were significant higher than the volume of TVD (10.0 ±2.10 mm/mm 2 ), PVD (10.81 ±2.38 mm/mm 2 ) and PPV (84.24% ±8.00%) of the volunteers (11 cases) in Nanjing (11 cases). But the MFI (2.17 ±0.31) of the healthy volunteers in the Xining was significant lower (P<0.05) than the MFI (3.21 ±0.34) in the healthy volunteers of Nanjing. In the septic shock group (13 cases) in the Xining, the volume of TVD (5.44 ±1.94 mm/mm 2 ), PVD (4.18 ±1.61 mm/mm 2 ), PPV (42.14%±5.38%) and MFI (1.05 ±0.32) compared with the volume of the healthy volunteers in Xining, the TVD (15.59 ±2.58 mm/mm 2 ), PVD (5.58 ±2.58 mm/mm 2 ), PPV (96.60% ±4.63%) and MFI (2.17 ±0.30) were significant lower ( P <0.05). In the healthy volunteers compare with septic shock group in Nanjing area, the TVD(6.80±1.72 vs 10.00±2.10, P <0.05), PVD(5.86±1.58 vs10.81±2.38, P <0.05), PPV(45.42±4.86 vs 84.24±4.86, P <0.05), MFI(1.28±0.28 vs 3.21±0.34 P <0.05), there was significant decreased. In the septic shock group in the Xining compared with the septic shock in Nanjing, there was no significant difference. 10 of 13 patients with septic shock were survived in Xining. 13 of 16 patients with septic shock were survived in Nanjing., Conclusions: The changes of physiological and pathophysiological characteristic in microcirculation induced by hypoxia would be useful for clinical treatment of septic shock at high altitude.