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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most commonly used seed initiators, in order to regulate the seed water uptake during seed priming. This study aims to investigate the effect of seed water uptake on the priming behavior under different PEG concentrations and priming times using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology. The aqueous phase state of maize seeds was dynamically monitored to be initiated by the different PEG concentrations. A prediction model of maize seed germination was constructed to clarify the relationship between seed water uptake and priming effect using machine learning. LF-NMR data was collected from the maize seeds at each node of priming time. A systematic analysis was carried out to determine the effects of PEG priming on seed germination and seedling growth. The optimal conditions of priming treatment were determined to evaluate the physical and chemical indicators, such as the vigor index of maize seeds. The pattern of water uptake was obtained in the maize seeds during priming. A regression model was also constructed to predict the priming effect of maize seeds. The main findings were summarized as follows: Firstly, there were some effects of PEG priming on the germination and seedling growth of maize seeds. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that there were highly significant effects of PEG priming time and priming concentration on the germination indexes of maize seeds. Among them, the effect of priming time on the germination indexes of maize was much larger than that of priming concentration. With the increase of priming time (0-48 h), the viability of maize seeds showed a tendency to increase and then decrease, where the most suitable priming time was 16 h. Secondly, the water uptake of maize seed was elucidated during priming. The internal water of maize seeds was divided into two kinds of water components: bound water (0.1 ms < T21 < 20 ms) and free water (20 ms < T22 < 400 ms), according to the length of LF-NMR T2 relaxation time. With the increase of priming time (0-48 h), the content of bound water increased and then gradually stabilized, while the content of free water continued to rise. The total water content increased and then gradually slowed down. The content of bound water had just entered the stagnation stage, while the increasing trend of A21 signal amplitude decreased basically without increase, indicating an appropriate indicator to judge the priming time of maize seeds. Finally, the medium Gaussian support vector machine (SVM) model and exponential gaussian process regression (GPR) model were constructed to assess the priming effect of maize seeds, respectively, according to the data before and after the screening of LF-NMR feature parameters. Among them, the exponential GPR model was achieved in the validation set R² of 0.920 for maize seed germination after feature screening, which was better than 0.900 before that. The water absorption kinetics of the seed was elucidated to verify the priming efficacy. The experiment proved that the moisture variations during seed priming detected by LF-NMR can be expected for the rapid screening of the optimal priming conditions. The finding can also provide a new idea for the parameters setting and rapid evaluation during corn seed priming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the highland barley moisture, β-glucan, amylopectin and protein content rapid detection model was established based on the 4000~10000 cm−1 near-infrared spectrum and actual contents of 76 highland barleys. The results showed that SG convolution smoothing was the optimal spectral preprocessing method for the partial least squares (PLS) prediction model of moisture, amylopectin and β-glucan contents, while SG convolution smoothing+multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) was the optimal spectral preprocessing method for the PLS prediction model of protein content. In order to further improve the accuracy of the prediction model, the different characteristic wavelength selection algorithms including competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), successive projections algorithm (SPA) and variables combination population analysis and iterative retained information variable (VCPA-IRIV) were used on the prediction results of the model. The results showed that VCPA-IRIV treatment could effectively improve the determination coefficient of prediction of moisture, amylose and protein content prediction model, and reduce the root mean square error of prediction. The treatment of CARS had a remarkable effect on the prediction accuracy for the β-glucan content. Ultimately, the established prediction models of moisture, β-glucan, amylopectin and protein content for highland barley had good prediction accuracy with the appropriate Rp (0.9868, 0.9808, 0.9701 and 0.9879) and RMSEP (0.2042, 0.1846, 0.8135 and 0.2095) value, respectively. In conclusion, the rapid detection model of highland barley characteristic nutrient content based on near infrared spectroscopy established in this study had high accuracy, which would have certain guiding significance for processing enterprises to quickly understand the quality of raw materials and efficiently screen qualified raw materials.

[Objecttives] The influence of moisture in raw coal, particle size and coal bunker material on the fluidity of raw coal was studied to find out the main reasons for coal clogging in raw coal bunkers.MethodsA raw coal flowability experimental device was designed and built to conduct flowability experiments on raw coal with different moisture and particle sizes, and flow characteristics diagrams were drew to obtain the effects of various factors on raw coal flowability.ResultsThe greater the moisture in the raw coal, the more right the broken line in the flow characteristic diagram is, the less the falling mass, the worse the mobility, and the greater the rotation angle required for complete falling.The difference in the initial position of coal falling is due to the difference in static friction between different particle sizes, resulting in different repose angles. At the same time, the decrease in moisture will reduce the friction force and increase the falling mass. The liquidity bend line of polytetrafluoroethylene material is located at the front, and the friction coefficient at the bottom is small. At the same angle, the mass drops more and the mobility is enhanced.ConclusionsMoisture plays a key role in the fluidity of raw coal, the influence of particle size on the fluidity of raw coal is weak, and only the interaction with moisture can have a great influence on the fluidity of raw coal. Material also has a greater impact on the fluidity of raw coal, but when the moisture is low, the impact can be ignored.

In order to improve the phenomenon that frozen cooked noodles are susceptible to the formation of ice crystals and quality deterioration during storage, the effects of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) versus sucrose ester (SE) on the proportion of freezable water, water distribution, quality characteristics, gelatinization characteristics of wheat flour and the secondary structures of proteins in frozen cooked noodles were investigated. The results showed that the addition of 0.30%–1.10% (m/m) MELs could promote the conversion of free water to bound water in frozen cooked noodles, reduce the proportion of freezable water, and increase the binding of water to macromolecules such as protein and starch. Compared with the blank and SE groups, the quality of frozen cooked noodles made with 0.70% MELs was better, and the hardness was (4 335.317 ± 48.047) g, which was 25.36% higher than that of the blank group. The tensile force and tensile distance at break were (11.22 ± 0.15) g and (69.09 ± 1.34) mm, respectively. The water absorption rate increased significantly, and the cooking loss rate was the smallest, suggesting MELs to be more effective in improving the cooking quality of noodles than SE. At the same time, MELs could effectively delay the retrogradation rate of wheat flour starch, increase the proportions of the secondary structure fractions β-sheet and α-helix, and strengthen the gluten network structure.

【Objective】 Change in soil water content is not only an indicator of water stresses used for irrigation management but also controls biogeochemical processes in soil. In this paper, we study the feasibility of using thermal infrared imaging to estimate soil moisture dynamics. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in July-August 2023 in a walnut orchard in Xinjiang. Thermal infrared images of the walnut canopy were measured continuously using a thermal infrared camera. Based on the HSV color space of the images, an improved K-means segmentation algorithm was proposed to analyze the change in canopy temperature. We also measured air temperature and humidity, illuminance, wind speed, atmospheric CO2, and soil water content in the 0-80 cm soil layer, from which we proposed an inversion model to estimate soil water dynamics. 【Result】 The improved K-means algorithm increased the accuracy from 82.34% to 94.55%, and the errors between the canopy temperature acquired from the images and the measured canopy temperature were in the range of 0 to 1.0. The infrared imaging method was most accurate between14:00 pm to 16:00 pm. Our results showed that the walnut roots were most active in taking up water from the 40-60 cm soil layer 50-60 cm away horizons from the tree truck. Canopy temperature, air temperature and relative humidity, and atmospheric CO2 concentration were correlated with soil water content at significant levels; they can thus be used to estimate soil water dynamics, with a coefficient of determination of R2=0.86 and p

Seeds are important reproductive organs of seed plants. In natural ecosystems, seed germination indicates that the plants have started a new life cycle, and the high quality germination of crop seeds determines its yield. However, seed germination is a complex and delicate process, with seeds undergoing drastic changes at the molecular and physiological levels within a short period. This process is susceptible to the combined effects of various internal and external environmental factors. This review introduces the research progress of the regulation mechanism of seed germination, with a particular focus on environmental factors, including water, temperature, light, and small molecule substances, influence seed germination. It is expected that varieties with good germination rate can be customized in the face of complex agricultural production environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to explore the effects of different water contents and storage time on the content of mycotoxins in the mushroom bran of Flammulina velutifolia. This study set up 13%, 30%, 48%, 62%, and 76% moisture gradients of Flammulina velutifolia bran, and measured the content of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), and T-2 toxin (T-2) in Flammulina velutifolia bran, respectively. The dynamic changes in the content of Flammulina velutifolia bran naturally stored for 1~7 days were recorded, and the correlation between the content of each Flammulina velutifolia toxin and storage time was analyzed. Combined with the requirements of the Feed Hygiene Standard for the content of Flammulina velutifolia bran in feed raw materials, it was determined whether the Flammulina velutifolia bran exceeded the limit of mycotoxins. The results showed that at a moisture content of 13%, the contents of AFB1, ZEN, OTA, and T-2 in the mushroom bran of Flammulina velutifolia showed no significant differences within 1~7 days after storage (P>0.05), and none of them exceeded the standard threshold. At 30%, 48%, 62%, and 76% moisture content, the content of AFB1, ZEN, OTA, and T-2 in Flammulina velutifolia bran showed an increasing trend with prolonged storage time. At a moisture content of 30%, the content of AFB1, ZEN, OTA, and T-2 in the Flammulina velutifolia bran did not exceed the standard threshold. At 48%, 62%, and 76% moisture content, the content of AFB1, ZEN, OTA, and T-2 in the Flammulina velutifolia bran did not exceed the standard within 1~2 days after storage. At a moisture content of 62%, the content of AFB1 in the Flammulina velutifolia bran exceeded the standard threshold after the 3rd day, and all three contents exceeded the standard threshold on the 5th day. At 62% and 76% moisture content, both ZEN and OTA in the Flammulina velutifolia bran exceeded the standard threshold on the 7th, with T-2 content not exceeding the standard threshold. At low moisture content (13%), there was no significant correlation between fungal toxin content and storage time (P>0.05). Under medium to high moisture content (48% and 76%), there was a significant positive correlation between fungal toxin content and storage time (P<0.05), and there was a significant positive correlation between different fungal toxins (P<0.05). The study indicates that when safely storing Flammulina velutifolia bran, it is necessary to control the moisture content and storage time. When the moisture content of Flammulina velutifolia bran is below 13% or high moisture Flammulina velutifolia bran is used within two days of leaving the factory, it can ensure that the content of mycotoxins does not exceed the standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Power Generation Technology is the property of Power Generation Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The high sugar content of Huanghua winter jujube brings delicious taste, but at the same time makes its chips easy to absorb moisture during storage, resulting in softening of the chips and obviously affecting the taste of them.In this paper, glucose oxidase was used to partially remove sugar from winter jujube chips.The orthogonal optimization method was adopted to study the effects of enzymolysis time, enzyme addition amount, enzymolysis temperature, solid-liquid ratio and thickness of winter jujube chips on the desugarization rate and sensory quality of winter jujube chips.Isothermal adsorption method was also used to study the storage stability of winter jujube chips.The results showed that when the enzymolysis time was 35 min, the enzyme dosage was 0.15%, the enzymolysis temperature was 45 °C, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:2(g/mL), and the thickness of winter jujube chips was 10 mm, the desugar rate was 43.30%, that is, the reducing sugar content of winter jujube chips was 18.14%.This content was significantly lower than that before desugar removal (32.00%), with the sensory score being 85.86 points, and the comprehensive score being 98.98 points.Under this condition, the desugar rate was the highest, or the reducing sugar content decreased to the lowest, the comprehensive score reached the highest, and the moisture absorption performance of winter jujube chips became weaker and the stability was better.The research results will provide some theoretical and data support for the development of winter jujube chips related products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to quantitatively grasp the moisture absorption/desorption process of moisture control materials and give better play to its moisture control effect, there have been continuous studies on the continuous improvement and optimization of the mathematical model of moisture absorption/desorption of humidity control materials, from the initial empirical parameter model to the mechanism model based on physical process, the accuracy has been continuously improved. Taking the silica gel moisture control material as an example, combined with the applicability characteristics of the museum application scene, the research progress of its moisture absorption/desorption model is summarized, and the related issues that need to be paid attention to and solved are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Business suits are om of the important application areas of wool woJted fabrics, but due to the requirements of their usage scenarios, they often the efffort of wearing. In response to the current sitijion of limited research on the transmission space of steam sweat in suit fabrics and suit shirt matjiing systems, based on the testing method in AATCC 201-2014 " Fabric Drying Rate Heating Plate Method", experimental designs were conducted to simulate the evaporation of steam sweat in different clothing systems under small amounts of exercise and sitting, and comparative tests were conducted on single-layer fabrics, suit+lining systems, and suit + shirt systems. The experimental results show that the addition of moisture and temperature regulating fibers can improve the evaporation rate of moisture. The closer to the skin layer, the more significant the effect of using moisture and temperature regulating fibers. Moisture and temperature regulating fibers are used from the inner layer to the outer layer, which can keep the entire moisture transmission continuous and the effect is more significant; In the comparison of single-layer fabric testing, the addition of moisture and temperature regulating fibers can increase the drying rate of the fabric by about 13% compared to ordinary wool/polyester fabrics; Compared with regular wool/polyester fabric and regular lining, both lining and fabric use a moisture and temperature control fiber suit system, which increases the drying rate by about 46. 9%. Compared with ordinary wool polyester fabric and ordinary shirt fabric system, both shirt fabric and wool polyester fabric use moisture and temperature regulating fibers, which increase the drying rate by about 51. 2% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the coupling effects of water and different mulching materials on the yield and nutrient components of silage corn. 'Long qingzhu No.1' maize was selected as experimental material. Two water gradients of full water irrigation (W1: 75%~95% of soil relative water content) and water stress (W2: 35%~55% of soil relative water content) were set, and four different plastic film mulching treatments, such as white plastic film (M1), black ground cloth (M2), biodegradable plastic film (M3) and liquid plastic film (M4), were selected. Eight treatments were set up, and full irrigation white plastic film mulching (W1M1) was used as control. The biological yield and nutrient content were measured at heading stage, filling stage and maturity stage respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in hay yield of silage maize at heading stage (initial stage of water stress) among different groups (P>0.05). Under water stress (W2M1, W2M2, W2M3, and W2M4), the yield of hay at maturity was significantly lower than that of W1M1 (P<0.05). The fresh grass yield of W2M4 at heading stage was significantly lower than that of full irrigation group (W1M1, W1M2, W1M3, and W1M4) (P<0.05). The fresh grass yields of water stress treatments (W2M1, W2M2, W2M3, and W2M4) was significantly lower than those of W1M1, W1M2, and W1M3 (P<0.05). At heading stage, the content of crude protein (CP) of maize treated with W2M1 and W2M3 was significantly lower than that of W1M1 (P<0.05), and the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of W2M2, W2M3, and W2M4 was significantly higher than that of W1M1 (P<0.05). The relative feeding value (RFV) of W2M1, W2M2, and W2M3 was significantly lower than that of W1M1 at grain filling stage (P<0.05). At the mature stage, the content of crude fat (EE) in W1M4 and W2M4 was significantly lower than those in other treatments (P<0.05), and the content of NDF in W1M2, W1W3, and W1M4 was lower than those in W2M1 and W2M2 (P<0.05). Fresh grass yield was positively correlated with ADF and RFV (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with NDF (P<0.05). The study indicates that water stress and liquid plastic film mulching are not conducive to the improvement of silage corn yield and nutrient components compared with full irrigation and white plastic film mulching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the coolness of wool worsted fabrics during summer use and expand their applications in short sleeved shirts, summer shorts, and work-wear, wool blended fabrics with good cooling effect and excellent wearing comfort were designed and developed in this paper by screening dyestuff with infrared reflection ability, and combining cool-touch fibers and moisture wicking finishing. Compared to conventional fabrics of the same quality, this fabric can cool down by 2-4 °C under simulated sunlight irradiation conditions, and has excellent contact cooling sensation (Q-max value of 0.28 J/(cm² · s) and wicking effect (wicking height of over 12.5 cm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the correlation between the mesh structure design, fabric pore characteristics and the permeability and moisture permeability of the warp-knitted jacquard shoe upper materials, six shoe material samples with different structures were prepared according to the specific design diagram of the fabric. The pore characteristics of the fabric were described from the surface porosity, volume density and average pore diameter, and the influence on the permeability and moisture permeability of the shoe material was compared and analyzed. The results show that the increase of the proportion of thick tissue in the design will reduce the surface porosity of the fabric and increase the volume density, which will reduce the permeability and moisture permeability of the shoe material. The increase of the proportion of mesh structure will increase the surface porosity and decrease the bulk density of the fabric, thus enhancing its air permeability and moisture permeability. The permeability and moisture permeability of shoes with mesh structure design is significantly better than that without mesh structure design under the same fabric thickness, but the permeability and moisture permeability of shoes with larger average pore size under the same mesh proportion design is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of moisture content of different raw materials on the silage quality of Brachiaria hybrid. Morat II Brachiaria hybrid was used as silage material. The moisture content of Morat II Brachiaria hybrid was 35.0%, 45.0%, 55.0%, 65.0%, and 70.4% (CK). The silage was stored at room temperature for 60 days. After opening, samples were taken to test its silage quality and nutritional quality. The results showed that the pH value, sensory quality, crude fat, crude protein, crude ash and soluble carbohydrate contents of silage all increased at first and then decreased with the decrease of moisture content of silage raw materials, while the content of neutral detergent fiber increased and the content of acid detergent fiber decreased gradually. Compared with CK, the ratio of NH3-N/TN, propionic acid, and butyric acid contents of silage in each treatment group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while lactic acid, acetic acid, and crude protein contents increased significantly (P<0.05). When the moisture content of raw materials is 45.0%-55.0%, the pH value of silage was 4.08-4.10, and the sensory quality was the best, which was a first-class excellent silage. The study indicates that the moisture content of raw materials has a certain influence on the content of conventional nutrients in silage, and the contentrations of crude protein and crude fat have great influence. It is suggeste that the moisture content of raw materials of Morat II Brachiaria hybrid silage should be controlled between 45%.0 and 55.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Uranium Mining & Metallurgy is the property of Uranium Mining & Metallurgy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] To study the effect of moisture and mixed sowing on soil nitrogen supply. [Method] Using Agropyron cristatum and Medicago falcata as materials and monosowing as a control, the effect of soil moisture on soil available nitrogen content and soil enzyme activity of grass mixed with beans was studied. [Result] The content of soil available nitrogen and soil urease activity both increase with increasing moisture, and the highest soil fast-acting nitrogen content and enzyme activity were found at W₄ (85%-95%), the maximum water holding capacity in the field. The available nitrogen content of mixed sowing was lower than that of monosowing Medicago falcata, but there was no difference compared to monosowing Agropyron cristatum. [Conclusion] Moisture and sowing method had important effects on soil nitrogen conversion and hydrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to detect and evaluate the moisture content of chestnuts with shells non-destructively and rapidly, the quantitative prediction methods based on visible/near-infrared, and mid- and short-wave near-infrared spectroscopy techniques were explored and compared. First, different preprocessings were applied to full spectra in wavebands of I and II to establish PLSR models. Results show that SNV preprocessed spectra in waveband I and normalization preprocessed spectra in waveband II were individually optimized. The Rp and RMSEP in prediction set achieved 0.882 and 0.856, and 1.389% and 1.665%, respectively. In further steps, iPLSR, BiPLSR and SiPLSR modeling methods based on full spectra with the optimal preprocessing methods were also employed and compared. The models' performance indicates that waveband I is generally superior to waveband II, and the iPLSR model performed best with Rp of 0.910 and RMSEP of 1.180%. In this study, the optimal waveband, preprocessing method, and modeling method for detecting the moisture content of chestnuts with shells using near-infrared spectroscopy were confirmed. These results provide important technical and methodological support for high-throughput online rapid detection of chestnut moisture content in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effect of resting on the quality of frozen dough, the changes in the moisture state of the dough during the resting process (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 min), the moisture distribution of dough and their effects on ice crystal distribution, microstructure, and creep recovery characteristics after dough freezing were investigated. The results showed that the freezable water content in the dough was decreased by 0.96% with the extension of the resting time. The pores and number of ice crystals formed in the dough during the freezing process gradually decreased and the distribution of ice crystals became more and more uniform. The average pore area decreased from 22.65 to 11.80 with the extension of the resting time from 0 min to 120 min, and the number of pores decreased from 22.65 to 11.80 with the extension of the resting time. The maximum creep flexibility Jmax increased significantly (P<0.05) and the zero shear viscosity η0 decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the creep phase as the resting time was extended. After resting for 120 mins, the maximum creep flexibility Jmax of frozen dough decreased by 0.50x10-4 Pa-1zero shear viscosity η0 decreased by 0.43 x 105 Pa-1. This indicated that the hardness of frozen dough decreases and the shape of the dough was easier to maintain. During the recovery process, the instantaneous flexibility J0 and viscoelastic flexibility Jm increased by 1.26x10-4 and 2.88 x 10-4 Pa-1, respectively, and the recovery force of the frozen dough increased. In summary, resting process of dough would reduce the content of freezeable water, improve the water holding capacity, and reduce the damage of ice crystals to the dough network structure in the freezing process to improve the quality of the frozen dough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the utilization value of straw, a series of carrageenan / straw lignin composite films (C/ L composite films) with different SL contents were prepared by extracting lignin from straw (SL) mixed with carrageenan and sorbitol. The effects of lignin amount within the film on the structure and performance were studied through structure characterizing and performance testing of the film. The results showed that SL can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of the film, improve its hydrophobicity, increase its haze, and endow the film with antioxidant and UV shielding properties, but it had little effect on the thermal stability of the film. The film exhibited a uniform and dense structure at the SL addition above 8%, proving a better compatibility between them. And FTIR results indicated the hydrogen bond was the main combining force. The film blocked almost all UV light when the addition amount of SL was 10%. When the addition amount of SL was 12%, the mechanical properties of the film were the best, with a tensile strength of 22. 97 MPa and elongation at break of 30. 40%. When the addition amount of SL was 14%, hydrophobicity of the film was the best, with a minimum water vapor permeability value of 6. 78×10 -11 g m -1 s -1 Pa -1, contact angle of water increased from 28° to 79°. The antioxidant capacity of the film increased with the increase of SL addition amount. The DPPH(1-1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl radical) radical scavenging rate of the prepared films enhanced from 0 to 23. 39% as the SL addition was 16%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of cotton fiber and CoolMax filament composite yarn on the moisture absorption and quick drying performance and air permeability of fabrics under different yarn structures, yarn twists and fabric structures were discussed. Eight kinds of fabrics were prepared by orthogonal experiments, and their various factors were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the combination of different yarn structures, yarn twists, and fabric structures had a significant impact on the moisture absorption quick drying performance and air permeability of the fabric. The moisture absorption of the fabric was optimal when yarn structure was core spun yarn, yarn twist was bigger and fabric structure was twill weave. The optimal quicking drying of the fabric was achieved when the yarn structure was wrapped yarn, yarn twist was bigger and fabric structure was plain weave. The fabric had the best air permeability when the yarn structure was wrapped yarn, yarn twist was bigger and fabric structure was twill weave. It is considered that overall planning and analysis in many aspects can be done to achieve the best performance during the actual development of fabrics with moisture absorption and quick drying properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pile fermentation is an important process for the formation of Liuyang Douchi flavor, the initial moisture of the douchi qu during pile fermentation could induce the temperature changes which might further affected the microbial community and flavor compounds formation. Methods: In this paper, metagenomic sequencing, combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS）, was used to investigate the effects of different moisture （low 35%, medium 42%, high 50%） of the douchi qu on the bacterial community changes and volatile composition of Liuyang Douchi during pile fermentation. Results: The results showed that bacteria in high moisture douchi qu proliferated faster due to the lower center temperature. In detail, the relative abundance of Corynebacterium during the first and second stages of pile-fermentation was positively correlated with pile fermentation moisture, while Staphylococcus during the first stage of pile-fermentation was negatively correlated with pile fermentation moisture; Staphylococcus and Pediococcus during the second stage of pile-fermentation were also negatively correlated with pile fermentation moisture. For volatile compounds, the Douchi pile-fermented with medium moisture had the richest variety of volatile substances, especially pyrazine, but the content of aldehydes and acids were lower. Further correlation analysis showed that Staphylococcus had the greatest impact on differential volatile substances and was significantly positively correlated with six differential volatile substances such as 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-3,5,6 -Trimethylpyrazine, guaiacol, etc. are significantly positively correlated, followed by Oceanobacillus which was significantly positively correlated with five differential volatile substances. Conclusion: The moisture content of pile fermentation affects the quality of Liuyang Douchi by altering bacterial diversity.

To solve the problem of taste loss of new retail prepared fish after freezing and reheating. The changes of moisture content, water holding capacity, water distribution, and microstructure in pre-fried fish were analyzed during frying, freezing and reheating processes. The results showed that with the increase of freezing-thawing cycles, a significant decrease of the moisture content (P

【Objective】 The effects of Vertical-Vertical (VV) polarization, Vertical-Horizontal (VH) polarization, and dual polarization on microwave remote sensing retrieval of surface soil moisture (0-10 cm) were investigated. And analyze different data sources (Landsat-8, L8; Sentinel-2, S2) Effect of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) on the accuracy of remote sensing estimation of surface soil moisture. 【Method】 Based on the single polarization of VV and VH and the dual polarization model, NDVI and NDWI calculated by S2 and L8 were used to estimate vegetation water content (VWC), eliminate the influence of vegetation on backscattering, and obtain the soil backscattering coefficient. Then the water cloud model was used to invert the surface soil moisture in Daxing District of Beijing. 【Result】 For VV polarization, the estimation accuracy of VV+S2NDWI was best (R2=0.763, RMSE=1.55%). For VH polarization, the estimation accuracy of VH+S2NDVI was best (R2=0.622, RMSE=1.66%); The dual polarization (DP) + S2NDVI had a highest accuracy in retrieving surface soil moisture (R2=0.895, RMSE=0.89%); Compared with the NDWI, the NDVI has a better effect on removing the influence of vegetation, and the NDVI can be used to characterize the VWC. 【Conclusion】 NDVI is more suitable for removing the influence of vegetation in water cloud model, and the dual polarization method has higher accuracy in retrieving surface soil moisture.

In order to study the influence of moisture on seepage characteristics of coal during the complete stress-strain process, the complete stress-strain process with seepage experiment of dry coal sample and full-water coal sample were carried out, and the complete stress-strain characteristics and permeability evolution laws of two coal samples were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the complete stress-strain curve of dry coal sample had five stages, while the full-water coal sample had only four stages. After the peak stress destruction, the axial stress of full-water coal sample fell by 36.82%, and the strain softening phase disappeared in the full stress-strain curve. Compared with dry coal samples, the compressive strength, elastic modulus and peak stress of saturated coal samples decreased by 8.95%, 8.54%, 8.90% and 10.87% respectively. The permeability of dry coal sample increases with the increase of axial strain, and the relationship is linear. The relationship between permeability and strain of saturated coal sample has obvious stages, which can be divided into stable seepage stage and rapid seepage stage. The existence of water will inhibit the gas seepage process of coal body, so the drainage of coal seam should be paid attention to in the gas extraction project.

During the spring and summer seasons, in the South China region where abundant water vapor is present, squall lines can rapidly develop into larger scales within a short period of time. In order to explore the influence of water vapor content on the process of squall line scale growth in South China, using the WRF model, a numerical simulation was conducted for a squall line system in South China on 11 May 2020. We investigated the effect of the variation of water vapor at different levels on its intensity and structure, and discussed the growth mechanism of the squall line system. This squall line occurred with the presence of high-level jet and low-level wind shear complementing each other, within an unstable layer of "dry at the high level and wet at the low level". The simulation showed that, in the early stage of the squall line development, a large maximum convective available potential energy (MCAPE) was observed in the southern part of the convection and coastal warm areas, which is beneficial for the accumulation of unstable energy here. Meanwhile, with the high low-level wind shear, the linear structure of the convection was well maintained. Subsequently, the squall line propagated southward and merged with warm region convection, resulting a further scale growth. Water vapor experiments showed that the MCAPE values are primarily influenced by the moisture content in the low-level atmosphere. More low-level moisture content causes stronger thunderstorm high pressure. Additionally, the presence of higher MCAPE values and larger low-level vertical wind shear contribute to the growth of convective cells in the post-convective stage, prolonging their existence. Reducing the mid-level water vapor content results in a decrease in intense surface precipitation, a weakening of convective intensity, and a quick dissipation into individual convective cells. But when the squall line moves into the area with high MCAPE values, it once again develops into a linear structure. Therefore, an increase in low-level moisture or a decrease in mid-level moisture favors the genesis of convection. However, reducing mid-level moisture results in relatively drier air at mid-levels, making it difficult for the linear structure to be sustained. Further investigation into the internal structure of the squall line reveals that vertical motion and rear inflow also influence the scale growth of the squall line. In the convective system analyzed in this study, the strong rearward inflow enhances the upward motion and generates forward outflow, leading to severe surface wind. Strengthening low-level moisture not only increases the size of the stratiform cloud region at the rear of the convection, but also leads to a stronger upward motion sustaining vertically, which promotes prolonged convective activity. On the other hand, reducing mid-level moisture weakens convective intensity and lowers the height of the echo tops. During the development stage, the rearward inflow intensifies, and dry cold air descends rapidly, leading to the strengthening of the surface cold pool, and causing strong winds due to the forward outflow.

To investigate the effects of different freezing temperatures on the quality of rice dumpling dough, this paper investigated the effects of freezing at −20, −30, −80, −196 ℃ (liquid nitrogen) on the physicochemical indexes of rice dumpling dough, such as texture characteristics, water loss rate and color. The water distribution and microstructures of rice dumpling dough were studied by NMR, MRI, SEM and other analytical techniques. The results showed that the lower the freezing temperature, the faster the freezing rate. With the decrease of freezing temperature, the water loss rate and light transmittance of rice dumpling dough improved significantly (P0.05) in whiteness, and the magnitude of textural changes was small. The microstructure of the rice dumpling dough was more complete at ultra-low temperature freezing. During the freezing process, the internal water state of the rice dumpling dough was changed, free water and multilayer water were transformed into bound water, liquid water molecules were reduced, and hydrogen proton density was decreased. Combined with the actual situation, the freezing temperature below −30 ℃ could significantly improve the quality of rice dumpling dough.

In order to achieve rapid detection of nutritional substances in by-products of rice processing and promote ondemand feed processing and grading of processing by-products, a study was conducted using a total of 302 samples of rice processing by-products (107 broken rice samples, 77 belly white rice samples, and 118 discolored grain samples). Through standard methods of physicochemical data detection, sample pretreatment, near-infrared spectroscopy acquisition, spectral data preprocessing, feature wavelength selection, and model establishment, quantitative prediction models for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber nutritional parameters for the overall categories of broken rice, belly white rice, and discolored grain in rice processing by-products were ultimately established. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R²) for the established models was greater than 0.85, and the relative prediction error (RPD) was greater than 2.5, indicating good accuracy and stability. The study indicates that the method is rapid, efficient and accurate, and greatly improves the comprehensive utilization rate of by-products of rice processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aglaia duperreana, a species with a long cultivation history, is of high ornamental value. To understand the growth and photosynthetic changes of A. duperreana seedlings under variable environmental conditions, we conducted an experiment with light intensities adjusted at 70%, 50% and 30%, crossed with three moisture treatments at 70%, 50% and 30% of field capacity, and a control group which maintained 90% light intensity and 90% field capacity. The results showed that both drought stress and shading propensity significantly inhibited the growth of A. duperreana seedlings, with stronger impacts from drought stress. The increments in stem height and ground diameter, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content were decreased with the maximum declines by 71.4%, 81.2%, 93.2%, 71.5%, 70.6% and 30.4%, respectively. Under severe drought stress (30% of field capacity), partial shading (50% of translucency) appeared to lessen the detrimental effects of drought. The combination of 70% translucency and 70% field capacity was optimal, resulting in higher increments in stem height, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. The maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence, PS II potential activity, and PS II maximum light energy conversion efficiency increased and then decreased with decreasing moisture. These findings suggested that A. duperreana could adapt to drought and shading stress by modulating growth, enhancing chlorophyll content, and adjusting photosynthetic system. Maintaining translucency at 70% and field moisture capacity at 70% could promote photosynthesis, with positive consequences on growth of A. duperreana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A freezing mode has a major impact on the quality of the product in the long-distance cold chain. In this study, a series of tests were carried out on samples of Micropterus salmoides to reduce the deterioration of largemouth perch during the freezing process. A systematic investigation was also implemented to explore the effects of freezing at -20 ℃, -50 ℃, and -80 ℃ and freezing at -80 ℃ and -50 ℃ combined with storage at -20 ℃ on the quality of perch samples. These quality indicators included color, pH, ice crystals, texture, water-holding capacity, and moisture distribution. The freezing temperatures of both - 50 °C and -80 °C were found to be effective in suppressing the deterioration of the quality of the perch during freezing. The test results showed that the phase transition time of the perch samples in the -80 °C group was 68.8 % less than that of the bass samples in the -20 °C group; The phase transition time of the bass samples in the -80 °C group was reduced by 37.5%, compared with the perch samples in the -50°C group. All perch samples showed significant changes (P<0.05) in total color and chromatic aberration scores, compared with the control. However, the ΔE values were all less than 12 in the perch samples treated with the different freezing modes, which were the same color as that of fresh perch. Among them, the -80 °C treated samples showed the smallest change in ΔE values. Except for the perch samples frozen at -80°C, there were significant changes (P < 0.05) in pH in all test groups, compared with the control. Meanwhile, the ice crystal equivalent diameter and crosssectional area of the perch samples frozen at -80 °C were significantly lower than those of the rest (P < 0.05). The perch samples treated with five freezing modes showed decreasing trends in color, pH, water-holding capacity, and textural properties. The smallest variation was found in the perch samples frozen at -80 °C, similar to the control group. In contrast, the freezing at -50 °C combined with -20 °C storage and freezing at -80 °C combined with -20 °C failed to improve the quality of perch during freezing storage. Correlation analysis between freezing rate and ice crystals showed that the equivalent diameter and cross-sectional area of ice crystals decreased with the increasing freezing rate and duration during the freezing of perch samples. At the same time, correlation analysis between the indicators showed that there were significant correlations between ice crystals, water distribution and color, texture, and water holding capacity. Low freezing temperatures reduced the size of ice crystals and water loss, thus better maintaining the quality characteristics of perch, such as color, pH, texture and water holding capacity. Freezing modes at -50 ℃ and -80 ℃better maintained the freezing quality of perch, in terms of the color of perch samples during freezing, pH change, the decreasing size of ice crystals, water migration, hardness, elasticity and water holding capacity. Ultra-low temperature freezing can be expected to reduce the quality deterioration of sea bass. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for reducing the quality deterioration of largemouth perch during cryopreservation and cold chain transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel single component moisture curing polyurethane waterproof coating was prepared by using self-made modifier CABR-8010. The effects of the addition amount of CABR-8010 and powder filler, the combination ratio and addition amount of different polyethers on the mechanical properties, stability and aging properties of the coatings were discussed. The results show that the process route of adding modifier CABR-8010 to the formulation of single component moisture curing polyurethane waterproof coating is feasible. When the molar ratio of --NCO and --OH in the prepolymer is 2:1, the mass fractions of modifier CABR-8010, prepolymer, and powder filler are 0.3%, 25%, and 50%, respectively, and the mass ratio of polyether D240 to G330 is between 75:25 and 85:15, the relative viscosity of the prepared coating is moderate, and there are no pores or bubbles on the surface and section of the coating film. The comprehensive performance is the best, meeting the requirements of the mandatory standard GB 55030-2022 for waterproof coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]