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This paper describes the mechanism of felting wool and a variety of shrink-proof methods, such as chlorination, oxidation, resin, biomass method, high and new technology method. For many years, researches of shrink-proof methods have witnessed continuous development. By introducing the different methods, this paper discusses various methods of mechanism of action and application effect in the anti-felting finishes of wool. Different shrink-proof methods are used to treat wool, the improvement of anti-felting effects of wool are different and affect other properties of wool, such as strength, hand feeling, luster, breathability, etc have different change. Meanwhile this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the methods. Finally, the development in the shrink-proof research of wool is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, thioglycolic acid (TGA) was used to treat worsted wool fabrics. Changing the concentration of reducing agent, time and temperature, and the tensile properties of samples, felting properties and bending performance results before and after treatment were tested in order to optimize the process. According to the research, the optimal treatment conditions were: concentration of TGA 15% (owf), the processing time 60 min, treatment temperature 60 °C. On this treatment condition the fabric felting rate was less than 4.7%, strength loss was less than 3%, the bending resilience and handle were improved. In general, the wearability of worsted wool fabric was improved effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a simple two-echelon supply chain with one supplier and one retailer. The supplier is risk neutral and the retailer is loss averse. Facing demand uncertainty and supply uncertainty, the retailer needs to make the order decision before the selling period. On the other hand, the retailer can pay in advance to reduce supply risk. This paper shows that the lower the cost of capital, the higher the proportion of the advance payment. However, when the capital is higher than a critical value, the retailer no longer uses the advanced payment strategy. It also shows that the optimal order quantity is a decreasing function of loss-averse coefficient. Finally, the paper discusses how the stochastic demand and the emergency price affect the system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wool fiber has many good quality, but it is seriously easy to felt in the washing. In this research, TCEP was used to improve the performance of worsted wool fabrics. The tensile, felting and bending properties of the worsted fabrics before and after treated were tested. The results showed that the optimal treatment conditions were TCEP was 10% (owf), time 60 min, and temperature 60 t. On this condition the felting shrinkage was less than 5% and strength loss was 3%. Simultaneously the recovery of the fabric after bended and handfeel were improved. The wearability of wool fiber was improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the coordination of a supply chain consisted of one retailer and one supplier, which the supplier must expend promoting cost. By game theory and the method of comparative static analysis, we derive the conclusions as follows: the retailer's order quantity increases with the supplier's sales efforts level; the buyback contract stimulates the retailer order more but cannot coordinate the supply chain; a contract combined the buyback contract and promotional cost-sharing contract coordinates the supply chain. In addition, the promotional cost-sharing factor, which satisfies participating in constraint, can arbitrary allocate supply chain profit between the supplier and retailer. The numerical results give more insight of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A plot experiment was carried out to assess the applicability of soil conditioners on Cd-polluted acidic paddy fields. The effects of five soil conditioners[Tianxiang 1 Hao (TX1), limestone (Li), silicon fertilizer, Nuodikang (NDK), and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (CaMg-P)] on Cd accumulation and transport between contaminated soil and rice plants and rice yield on the land were analyzed. The results showed that compared with that under the control, other tested methods increased soil pH by 0.41-0.68 units and decreased available Cd content in the soil by 11.2%-39.7%. The difference between Li- and NDK-treated soil available Cd reached a significant level ( P < 0.05). ② Compared with that in the blank control, the application of soil conditioner could significantly reduce the total amount of Cd in rice, and the Cd content in roots, other leaves, rachises, chaffs, and brown rice were significantly lower than those in the CK treatment ( P < 0.05). The Cd translation factor between various sites was shown as TF roots-other nodes > TF roots-first nodes > TF roots-rachises > TF roots-chaffs ≈ TF roots-flag leaves > TF roots-brown rice ), in which the TX1, Li, and CaMg-P treatments showed significant Cd reduction effects, and -1 ), in which the TX1, Li, and CaMg-P treatments showed significant Cd reduction effects, and ω (Cd) was 0.097, 0.094, and 0.134 mg·kg -1 , respectively. ③ The application of soil conditioner could increase the yield by 9.9%-35.8%, and the yield of the CaMg-P and TX1 treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments ( P < 0.05). ④ Correlation analysis showed that the Cd content in brown rice was significantly positively correlated with available Cd content in soil, available Fe content in soil, and available phosphorus but negatively correlated with soil pH. In summary, TX1 and CaMg-P are recommended to be applied in farmland lightly polluted by the heavy metal Cd to ensure the safety of agricultural products.

Guizhou Province is the province with the largest Hg production and reserves in China, and maize is the second largest grain crop in Guizhou Province. It is necessary to identify the status of soil Hg content in Guizhou Province and evaluate the safety of maize production. A total of 990 soil-maize samples and 270 single soil samples were collected in the main maize-producing areas to determine soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and organic matter content (SOM), as well as Hg content in soil and maize. The results showed that the pH of dryland soil in Guizhou Province ranged from 3.93 to 9.82, the geometric mean of ω (SOM) was 27.5 g·kg -1 , and the geometric mean of CEC was 11.7 cmol·kg -1 . Soil ω (Hg) ranged from 0.005 to 686 mg·kg -1 , the geometric mean was 0.632 mg·kg -1 , and the over-standard rate was 7.22%. Among them, the soil Hg pollution in Tongren was the most prominent, with the exceedance rate of 21.3%. At the county level, Danzhai County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, and Tongren City Wanshan District and Bijiang District had high exceedance rates of Hg. According to the Limit of Pollutants in Food according to National Standards for Food Safety (GB 2762-2017), the exceedance rate of Hg content in maize grains was 1.11%, and the exceedance points were mainly distributed around industrial and mining activity areas such as Wanshan District in Tongren City and Xixiu District in Anshun City. According to the results, there was serious soil Hg pollution in Guizhou Province. On the whole, maize can be safely planted, but it is necessary to pay close attention to the Hg content in grains and the Hg exposure risk of residents around industrial and mining areas.

In order to explore the main controlling factors of Cd enrichment in rice under a geological high background in the Guangxi carbonate rock area, this study was based on rice grain-root soil samples from the carbonate rock areas in the southwest and north of Guangxi. Combined with diffusive gradients in thin films technology (DGT), the relationship between soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC), DGT-Cd, and ω (rice-Cd)-BCF value in rice grains was analyzed and discussed. The main factors were determined by principal component analysis, and a quantitative model was established. The results showed that the average value of ω (soil-Cd) was 0.975 mg·kg -1 , and the over-standard rate was 33.33%; the average value of ω (rice-Cd) was 0.020 mg·kg -1 , and the average BCF value was 0.038, and the over-standard rate of Cd content in rice grains was 4.2%. The content of Cd in paddy soil was high, but bioavailability was low in the study area. The BCF value of rice grains in the study area was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH and cation exchange capacity at the level of 0.01, positively correlated with DGT-CD at the level of 0.01, and negatively correlated with organic matter at the level of 0.05. The results of principal component analysis showed that the total amount of Cd in the soil, pH, and DGT-Cd were the main factors affecting the accumulation of Cd in rice in the Guangxi carbonate rock area. Taking the total amount of Cd in the soil, pH, and DGT-Cd as variables, the fitting equation of BCF value of rice grains in the Guangxi carbonate rock region was established, and the determination coefficient of the model was 0.717, which could better predict the content of Cd in rice grains in this region.

Objective: To investigate the cognition of the common cold and current situation of the treatment among physicians from various levels of hospitals in Chinese mainland, so as to provide evidence for future continuing medical education and rational medication., Methods: A questionnaire designed for this survey was used to learn about the general information, cognitive degree of the common cold and prescription habits of physician who prescribed for cold within last three months, from various levels hospitals., Results: A total of 1001 physicians were interviewed. Among them, 749 physicians chose right options that the cold was the common cold and the influenza with 79.84% in resident physicians and 56.76% in chief physicians. A total of 745 physicians chose options that the course of common cold will be lasting 4 to 7 days; 895 physicians chose options that old people are the most susceptible for complication; 669 physicians thought the common cold was the most common infection in winter; 841 physicians used clinical methods to diagnose the common cold; 736 physicians thought although the cold was a kind of self-limited disease and symptomatic treatment could alleviate symptoms and improve life quality, patients should see doctor in time if it turns to severer; and 745 physicians held the opinion that treatment of the common cold should focus on relieving symptoms first. In addition, 61.60% physicians had made prescription based on clinical symptoms; 505 (54.24%) of them thought compound drugs were priority in treating the common cold. However, there were still 43 physicians prescribed antibiotics for common cold., Conclusions: There is misunderstanding and discrepancy in cognition towards common cold and treatment among physicians from various levels of hospitals in mainland China. Physicians should standardize diagnosis and treatment for the common cold according to the domestic and foreign guidelines.

Objective: To investigate outpatients' cognition towards common cold and their habituated medication so as to provide evidence for future public healthcare education., Methods: Patients who attended hospital for diagnosis and treatment of common cold at least within past three months were asked to fill a questionnaire independently so as to learn their cognition towards common cold and medication habit., Results: Among the patients underwent survey, 52.21% had incorrect knowledge about common cold; 12.99% didn't know about the hazards of common cold; 34.80% couldn't distinguish common cold from influenza; 30.07% considered common cold couldn't get relief without treatment; 68.24% didn't know about the proper effects of influenza vaccination; 61.14% often took oral medicine even intravenous injection when they caught a common cold; 59.77% often took medication from drugstore without prescription by doctor, and a few asked doctors to prescribe medicine on their request; 19.42% didn't know about the side effects of drug for cold treatment; and 19.72% didn't know about the active ingredients of drug for cold treatment. There were significant differences in the common cold cognition among population of different ages and education background. The older or the higher education status patients had a better cognition (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: There exist a certain degree of wrong cognition towards common cold among patients of different literacy degree and different age. Public health education on common cold need to be further strengthened.

Objective: To study the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) sensitized by serum from asthmatic patients and the underlying mechanisms., Methods: HASMCs were cultured from primary generation. Cells between passage 4 and 8 were used in the study. HASMCs were sensitized by 10% serum from asthmatic patients and were divided into an asthmatic serum group, an asthmatic serum + CSE group, an asthmatic serum + GW8510 (inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase-4) group and an asthmatic serum + CSE + GW8510 group. Non-asthmatic human serum treated HASMCs served as the control. The proliferation of HASMCs was examined by cell cycle analysis, MTT colorimetric assay and [(3)H] thymidine incorporation. The expression of cyclinD(1) was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting., Results: The percentage of S + G(2)/M phase, the absorbance (A) value and the DNA synthesis value in asthmatic serum group were significantly increased compared with those of the control group (q = 6.25, 5.61, 6.82, respectively, all P < 0.01). The percentage of S + G(2)/M phase, the absorbance (A) value and DNA synthesis value in the asthmatic serum group were (21.4 ± 1.1)%, 0.392 ± 0.124 and 2669 ± 138, respectively. Their value in the asthmatic serum + CSE group were (33.3 ± 1.3)%, 0.612 ± 0.201 and 3552 ± 303, respectively, which were significantly increased compared with those of the asthmatic serum group (q = 5.67, 6.32, 5.56, respectively, all P < 0.01). Their value in the asthmatic serum + GW8510 group were (14.7 ± 1.4)%, 0.301 ± 0.097 and 1812 ± 109, respectively, which were significantly decreased compared with those of the asthmatic serum group (q = 6.02, 5.53, 5.79, respectively, all P < 0.01). The ratios of A value of cyclinD(1) mRNA and the expression of cyclinD(1) protein in the asthmatic serum group were 0.291 ± 0.112 and 0.186 ± 0.002, respectively. The ratios of A value in the asthmatic serum + CSE group were 0.521 ± 0.102 and 0.312 ± 0.002, respectively, which were significantly increased compared with those of the asthmatic serum group (q = 12.09, 9.26, respectively, all P < 0.01). The ratios of A value in the asthmatic serum + GW8510 group were 0.223 ± 0.038 and 0.150 ± 0.002, respectively, which were significantly decreased compared with those of the asthmatic serum group (q = 6.86, 5.60, respectively, all P < 0.01)., Conclusions: HASMCs sensitized by serum from asthmatic patients showed accelerated proliferation after intervention by CSE, with increased expression of cyclinD(1). CSE may increase the proliferation of HASMCs sensitized by serum from asthmatic patients via regulating cyclinD expression.

Objective: To examine the expression of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor subtypes in human left and right atrial tissue in atrial fibrillation underlying rheumatic heart disease., Methods: Atrial tissue samples were obtained from 39 patients with rheumatic heart disease, 25 with atrial fibrillation (AF) and 14 with sinus rhythm(SR) during open heart surgery. AT1 and AT2 mRNA levels were measured with semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques. AT1 and AT2 protein levels were measured with immunohistochemical techniques., Results: Compared with that of the SR group, left atrial inner diameter was significantly increased in the patients of the AF group. The AT1 mRNA and protein levels in the LA significantly increased in patients with AF compared with those in patients with SR (P < 0.05), whereas AT2 mRNA and protein were not significantly altered. Investigations of Ang II receptor subtypes' mRNA and protein levels in the RA did not exhibit any significant changes either in AT1 or AT2 in patients with AF and SR., Conclusions: AF is associated with an up-regulation of AT1 in LA, but does not appear to influence the AT2 expression. This may indicate a possible pathophysiologic role for renin-angiotensin system in the development of AF. The series of effects mediated by AT1 activation may be one of the molecular mechanisms involved in the process of atrial remodeling.

Objective: To study the effect of co-transplant of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34(+) cells on hematopoiesis reconstruction in NOD/SCID mice and to investigate the optimal proportion between the two kind of cells., Methods: Female NOD/SCID mice were sublethally irradiated by (60)Co gamma-ray and transplanted with BMMSCs and different ratios of UCB CD34(+) cells. From day +3 till day +42 after transplantation, 20 microl peripheral blood (PB) was collected from the retro-orbital plexus of mice weekly, and the variations of WBC and PLT were counted. Mice were sacrificed 42 days after transplantation, and human CD45 positive (huCD45(+)) cells in PB, BM, and spleen were detected by flow cytometry., Results: Compared with transplant of UCB CD34(+) cells alone, co-transplantation of BMMSCs and UCB CD34(+)cells at ratios of 1:1, 5:1 and 10:1, (1) significantly mitigated the decrease range (P < 0.01) and led to the recovery of WBC and platelet in PB one week earlier (P < 0.05), and the difference among the three groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); (2) significantly enhanced hematopoietic stem cells (PB, BM and spleen cells) engraftment in recipient mice, and the effect was most pronounced at the ratio of 10:1. huCD45(+) cells in PB, BM and spleen were increased by (2.75 +/- 0.63), (3.51 +/- 0.86) and (5.18 +/- 0.57) fold, respectively (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The optimal hematopoiesis reconstruction is achieved by co-transplant of UCB CD34(+) cells and BMMSCs at a ratio of 1:10.

To investigate the effect of co-transplantation of bone marrow derived MSCs and UCB CD34+ cells at different time points on hematopoietic reconstitution, all NOD/SCID mice were sublethally exposed to irradiation of 60Co gamma ray and transplanted with UCB CD34+ with or without MSCs (3 mice per group). Animals were divided into HSC group and MSC+HSC group (M+H group). In HSC group, 1x10(6) UCB CD34+ cells for each mouse were infused within 4-6 hours after irradiation; the M+H group again was divided into 3 subgroups according to infusion sequence of MSCs and HSCs. (A) M+H simultaneously infused group: MSCs and UCB CD34+ cells were infused simultaneously; (B) M+48H group: MSCs were infused within 4-6 hours after irradiation, while UCB CD34+ cells were infused at 48 hours after irradiation; (C) H+48M group: UCB CD34+ cells were infused within 4-6 hours after irradiation, while MSCs were infused at 48 hours after irradiation. In 3 subgroups infused amounts of MSCs and UCB CD34+ cells all were 1x10(6) cells. From the 3rd day after transplantation, 20 microl peripheral blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexus of mice every week until 42th day after transplantation. 42 days after transplantation, mice were sacrificed, and the percentages of human CD45, CD34, CD19 and CD11b in bone marrow, peripheral blood and spleen were detected by FACS. The results showed that (1) Co-transplantation of MSCs and UCB CD34+ cells simultaneously (M+H group) can mitigate the decrease of WBC and platelet levels (p<0.01) in peripheral blood, and accelated the hematopoietic recovery. While co-transplanting MSCs and UCB CD34+ cells at different time points (M+48H or H+48M), the similar effect was not observed (p>0.05). As far as platelets was concerned, the recovery of platelets in M+48H group was lagged behind that in M+H group (p<0.01). (2) Co-transplantation of MSCs at different time points enhanced the engraftment of hematopoietic cells (p<0.05 or p<0.01), compared with transplantation of CD34+ cells alone. The effect of engraftment enhancement was not lineage restriction (p>0.05). It is concluded that the ideal transplantation effect is achieved when MSCs and UCB CD34+ cells were co-transplanted at the same time, these study results provide experimental basis for clinical application of MSCs.

Objective: To study the clinical value of extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) in the diagnosis and continuous monitoring of lung edema., Methods: To retrospectively analyze pulse index continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring in 40 patients with lung edema. They were divided into two groups: acute cardiac pulmonary edema (ACPE) group (ACPE group, 15 cases) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) group (ARDS group, 25 cases), according to their case history, symptoms, physical signs, results of auxiliary examinations and cardiac index (CI) on admission. Parameters such as EVLWI and intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) on admission were recorded, correlation analysis was performed, and PVPI was calculated at 0, 24, and 72 hours after tracheal intubation., Results: (1) PVPI in ARDS group was significantly higher than that in ACPE patients (P<0.01) at 0 hour after tracheal intubation. (2) PVPI had no correlation with oxygenation index (PaO(2)/FiO(2)), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII) score, EVLWI, ITBVI, and central venous pressure (CVP) in ACPE group (all P>0.05), while it showed significant correlation with EVLWI (r=0.904, P<0.01), as well as with APACHEII and PaO(2)/FiO(2) (r=0.390, P<0.05, r=-0.554, P<0.01) in ARDS group. EVLWI in ACPE group was significantly correlated with PaO(2)/FiO(2) (r=-0.672, P<0.01) and correlated with APACHEII (r=0.412, P<0.05). There was some correlation between EVLWI and PaO(2)/FiO(2) (r=-0.602, P<0.01), APACHEII, ITLWI in the two groups (r=0.457, P<0.05; r=0.636, P<0.05). (3) Protracted receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) of PVPI was plotted, and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.956+/-0.019 (P<0.01). When 2.23, which was one of the cut-off points of PVPI, was selected, the sensitivity was 92.0%, and the specificity was 93.3%. (4) When the patients were divided into survivor group and non-survivor group, EVLWI was found to be decreased gradually in the survivor group (ACPE group: P<0.05; ARDS group: P<0.01), and PVPI of ACPE patients increased in non-survivor group (P<0.01)., Conclusion: EVLWI and PVPI monitoring is of clinical value to some degree in early diagnosis of hydrostatic pulmonary edema and permeability pulmonary edema.

Objective: To study the effects on the hemodynamics and the heart function when different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels were used on patients treated with mechanical ventilation., Methods: Thirty-nine critical patients with respiratory failure and treated with mechanical ventilation, and hemodynamics was monitored, were divided into two groups according to the cardiac index (CI). Hemodynamics was measured with non-invasive cardiac output (NICO) continuously. The changes in hemodynamic parameters [including cardiac output (CO), CI, pulmonary capillary blood flow (PCBF), central venous pressure (CVP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR)], lung mechanical parameters [intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure (PEEPi), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), mean of airway pressure (Pmean)], pulse saturation of oxygen (SpO(2)), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)] were determined with different selected PEEP levels of 0, 5, 7, 10 and 13 cm H(2)O (1 cm H(2)O=0.133 kPa) under the bi-phasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP) mode in normal cardiac function group (CI > or =2.0 L x min(-1) x m(-2), n=18) and poor cardiac function group (CI<2.0 L x min(-1) x m(-2), n=18)., Results: In the normal cardiac function group, the increase in PEEP led to an increase of CVP, but it had no significant effects on CO, CI, PCBF and SVR; in the poor cardiac function group, the increase of PEEP led to an increase of CVP and SVR, a decrease of PCBF, CO, CI, and the latter two variables showed a curvilinear change. In both groups, PIP, Pmean, PEEPi increased and the resistance of airway (R) fell with the increase of PEEP., Conclusion: Under the condition of mechanical ventilation, when the lung volume was relatively constant, change in PEEP levels (0-13 cm H(2)O) had no obvious effects on the normal cardiac function group, but can significantly decrease right ventricular preload, PCBF and left ventricular preload. Optimal PEEP may improve the cardiac function. The change in the airway pressure is not consistent with the changes in cardiac function.

To investigate the effects of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and human fibroblastoid cell line (HFCL) as feeder layer on expansion of umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells in vitro, (60)Co gamma-ray irradiated MSC and HFCL were used as feeder layer to expand cord blood CD34(+) cells in culture. The efficiencies of MSC and HFCL on expansion of CD34(+) cells in culture with or without cytokines were compared. The results showed that no matter whether cytokines (rhFL, rhSCF, rhTPO) were added, the proliferation of nucleated cells after expansion for 12 days in HFCL group was statistically higher than that in MSC group, i.e. with cytokines (9797 +/- 361)% vs (7061 +/- 418)%; without cytokines (5305 +/- 354)% vs (1992 +/- 247)%, when the cell numbers at day 0 was accounted as 100%), P < 0.01. The proliferation of propagated CD34(+) cells between MSC group and HFCL without addition of cytokines was not statistically different (820 +/- 191)% vs (825 +/- 305)%, P > 0.05. However, in the presence of cytokines, the propagating rate of MSC group was lower than that of HFCL group (939 +/- 212)% vs (1617 +/- 222)%, P < 0.01. MSC was better than HFCL in maintaining the LTC-IC of UCB CD34(+) cells, i.e. the number of CFU-GM colonies in the fifth week was (129.95 +/- 8.73) /10(5) seeded cells vs (89.81 +/- 10.29) colonies/10(5) cells, P < 0.05; with addition of cytokines, the effect was more obvious, i.e. the number of CFU-GM colonies in the fifth week (192.93 +/- 4.95)/10(5) seeded cells vs (90.47 +/- 14.28) colonies/10(5) seeded cells, P < 0.01. MSC mixed with a certain proportion of HFCL facilitated maintaining the LTC-IC of UCB CD34(+) cells. When the proportion was 4:1, the number of CFU-GM colonies was the highest (186.89 +/- 11.11)/10(5) seeded cells, which was higher than that of both 3:2 group [(138.92 +/- 14.84) colonies/10(5) seeded cells] and MSC only group, i.e. (64.63 +/- 6.11) colonies/10(5) seeded cells, both P < 0.01. It is concluded that HFCL is better than MSC in maintaining the expansion of CD34(+) cells and cytokines can enhance this effect, while MSC are stronger than HFCL in maintaining the LTC-IC of UCB CD34(+) cells in vitro. MSC with addition of a certain proportion of HFCL can significantly enhance the efficiency of CD34(+) cell expansion.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of Dusuqing (DSQ) in treating senile bacterial pneumonia and to explore its possible mechanism., Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups, the treated group treated with conventional western therapy (CWT) and the combined treated group treated with CWT plus DSQ respectively. The changes of serum cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), before and after treatment were observed., Results: In the 33 patients of the combined treated group, the total effective rate being 93.9%. While in the 31 patients of treated group, the total effective rate being 83.9%. The difference of the total effective rate between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). The scores of principal symptoms, secondary symptoms and total scores were all obviously lowered in both groups, particularly in the combined treated group. The peripheral blood IL-2 level was lower and TNF-alpha higher in senile patients than those in healthy aged subjects respectively. All the two parameters approached normal level in the combined treated group but with insignificant change in the CWT treated group., Conclusion: DSQ showed obvious effect in treating senile bacterial pneumonia. The mechanism might be related with the lowering of inflammatory cytokines such as oversecreted TNF-alpha, as well as the improvement of immune function (elevation of IL-2) of organism.