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With the market development and demand change, the use of adaptive algorithms in medical devices has become a possible trend. However, some uncertainties in the adaptive algorithm itself will bring challenges to the existing current supervisory work model. This article focuses on the ademptions of US agencies on artificial intelligence device supervision, and discusses the problems that existing pilot policies may encounter when facing devices with adaptive algorithms. In this way, we will provide relevant suggestions and look forward to discussing with scholars.

Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules are composed of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Dendrobii Caulis, Astragali Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and are effective in promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, supplementing Qi, and nourishing Yin. It is widely used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. With 40 years of clinical application, it has accumulated substantial research data and application experience. Its good clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomic benefits in improving the clinical symptoms of peripheral vascular diseases have been confirmed by relevant research. Meanwhile, this drug has also been recommended by many expert consensus, guidelines, and teaching materials, serving as one of the most commonly used Chinese patent medicines in clinical practice. To further improve the understanding of the drug among clinicians and properly guide its clinical medication, the China Association of Chinese Medicine took the lead and organized experts to jointly formulate this expert consensus. Based on the questionnaire survey of clinicians and the systematic review of research literature on Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules with clinical problems in the PICO framework, the consensus, combined with expert experience, concludes recommendations or consensus suggestions by GRADE system with the optimal evidence available through the nominal group technique. This consensus defines the indications, usage, dosage, course of treatment, medication time, combined medication, and precautions of Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases, and explains the safety of its clinical application. It is recommended for clinicians and pharmacists in the peripheral vascular department(vascular surgery), traditional Chinese medicine surgery(general surgery), and endocrinology department of hospitals at all levels in China.

Objective: To investigate the effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) on the expression of COX-2 and caspase-3 in the substania nigra (SN) of mice with MPTP-induced Parkinson disease (PD)., Methods: C57BL/CN mice were treated with MPTP to prepare a subacute PD model, and their behavioral changes following the treatment were observed. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), COX-2 and phosphorylation of P38MAPK in the SN and their changes following treatment with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of P38MAPK., Results: The 7-day model group showed typical symptoms of PD with decrements of TH-positive neurons and TH protein level in the SN of the midbrain by about 65% and 75%, respectively (P<0.01). In the 3-day model group, the COX-2-, caspase-3- and phosphorylated P38MAPK-immunoreactive cells and their protein levels in the SN increased markedly with obvious loss of TH-positive neurons. Administration of SB203580 obviously lessened the above changes (P<0.01)., Conclusion: P38MAPK regulates the inflammation and apoptosis in the SN of the mouse model of subacute PD, and SB203580 may provide some neuroprotective effect.

Objective: To establish a rapid method for detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the early stage of infection., Methods: Specific primers were designed according to oprI gene sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the specific probe was synthesized by PCR. After photosensitive biotin labeling of the bacterial DNA, reverse dot-blot hybridization was used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa., Results: The probe synthesized was highly specific to Pseudomonas aeruginosa without cross reaction with other bacteria, viruses or fungi. The method was capable of detecting 100 ng bacteria DNA., Conclusion: Reverse dot-blot hybridization possesses the merits of speediness and specificity in the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the early stage of infection.

The relationship between the particle radius with the intensity of the applied laser radiation force is theoretically studied using a ray-optics model by analyzing the forced-status of the separated particles in the mobile phase. The laser radiation force is proportional to the square of the particle radius when the particle radius is much smaller than the laser beam radius under the condition of using a single-transverse-mode laser beam with a Gaussian intensity distribution and the particle refractive index being larger than that of the mobile phase. The retention distance is calculated and the dynamic range is discussed. Theoretically, the dynamic range of the optical chromatography can be extended by increasing laser power, decreasing the flow rate of mobile phase and focusing the laser beam.

Six compunds were isolated from the fresh bulbs of Allium sativum L (garlic). Their structures were elucidated as proto-iso-eruboside-B (I), eruboside-B (II), iso-eruboside-B (III), sativioside C (IV), adenosine (V) and tryptophan (VI). I and III are new steroidal saponins. This paper deals with the structural determination of I and III and their effects on platelet aggregation, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in vitro.