Search

Ecosystem-based marine spatial planning focuses on a specific ecosystem and the scope of its influencing activities in order to manage and plan for the sustainable development of all sea-use activities in the whole space. At present, China′s planning system is still in the immature stage, and the advanced planning experience of foreign developed countries can bring enlightenment suggestions for China′s marine spatial planning based on the ecosystem approach. This paper selects the Britain, Belgium, Australia and the United States, using the literature material law to its marine spatial planning based on ecosystem method after a summary on the patterns and practices, using comparative analysis method from the planning objectives and the classification of the system model, use control strategy from three aspects of comparison and the analysis of the differences between countries. The paper also summarizes the existing problems in China′s marine spatial planning and puts forward some suggestive suggestions based on the above research. The results show that the planning data and information sources should be improved comprehensively in the planning process in order to realize the sustainable development of multi-objective based on ecosystem management. Accelerate the coordinated development of land and sea, with emphasis on the planning of coastal zones; Increase the attention to the monitoring and evaluation system and establish the elasticity index; In order to meet the needs of the development and management of China's sea areas under the new situation and ensure the safety of China's ecosystem, we should pay attention to the overall planning and comprehensive management across the border.

Marine cultural heritage (MCH) is an essential carrier of marine civilization and a critical component of marine resources. However, it is often neglected in the current marine spatial planning (MSP) of many countries, leading to an imbalance between culture, ecology, and economy. The difficulty in defining specific spatial boundaries for areas with sociocultural value is one reason for this dilemma. This study covers 11 provinces and cities along the coast of China, and it aims to determine the spatial zoning scheme of MCH resources from macroscopic and quantitative perspectives and to provide a reference for the integrated management of marine resources. We analyzed the spatial-temporal pattern of MCH with the help of ArcGIS spatial statistics and analysis tools. We built an indicator system of influencing factors and quantified the weight of each indicator factor by GeoDetector. We drew the following conclusions: (1) The spatial distribution of MCH has significant clustering characteristics. The clustering areas are mainly concentrated in the Shandong Peninsula, the Yangtze River Delta, and the west coast of the Taiwan Straits; MCH in the Yangtze River Delta has the most vital continuity. (2) In different historical periods, the distribution of MCH has had apparent spatial heterogeneity. MCH was most densely distributed around the Shandong Peninsula and Yangtze River Delta during the Pre-Qin Period. During the Qin-Han Period, Guangdong and Guangxi became new hotspots; these moved northward to Fujian during the Sui-Tang Period. During the Song-Yuan to the Ming-Qing Period, the density of heritage in Fujian further increased. After the Modern Times, Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula, and Tianjin formed the pattern of arching around the Bohai Sea. (3) The results of geographic correlation analysis show that, overall, watersheds have the greatest explanatory power on the MCH pattern. In contrast, dialects have the greatest explanatory power in the northern and southern coastal areas, respectively. The results of the detection of influencing factor indicators show that, from the overall scope, natural elements are the main factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of MCH, with a weight of 37.4%. Economic elements are first in the northern coastal area, weighing 30.2%. In the southern coastal area, natural elements are in the first place, with a contribution value of 32.0%, and the contribution value of cultural and economic elements is similar. (4) Based on the spatial and temporal distribution, relevant influencing factors, and composition characteristics of MCH, the 11 coastal provinces and cities can be divided into four heritage regions, namely, the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, west coast of the Taiwan Straits, and Lingnan MCH area, in addition to 12 secondary regions. The zoning scheme is consistent with the geographical differentiation of Chinese marine culture, which indicates that spatial statistical analysis and GeoDetector can provide technical support for the spatial zoning of MCH resources. This methodology applies equally to zoning studies of marine intangible cultural heritage and other thematic cultural heritage. The results can provide a reference for managing marine resources under national spatial planning as well as a basis for creating cultural brands in coastal cities.

Marine cultural heritage (MCH) is an essential carrier of marine civilization and a critical component of marine resources. However, it is often neglected in the current marine spatial planning (MSP) of many countries, leading to an imbalance between culture, ecology, and economy. The difficulty in defining specific spatial boundaries for areas with sociocultural value is one reason for this dilemma. This study covers 11 provinces and cities along the coast of China, and it aims to determine the spatial zoning scheme of MCH resources from macroscopic and quantitative perspectives and to provide a reference for the integrated management of marine resources. We analyzed the spatial-temporal pattern of MCH with the help of ArcGIS spatial statistics and analysis tools. We built an indicator system of influencing factors and quantified the weight of each indicator factor by GeoDetector. We drew the following conclusions: (1) The spatial distribution of MCH has significant clustering characteristics. The clustering areas are mainly concentrated in the Shandong Peninsula, the Yangtze River Delta, and the west coast of the Taiwan Straits; MCH in the Yangtze River Delta has the most vital continuity. (2) In different historical periods, the distribution of MCH has had apparent spatial heterogeneity. MCH was most densely distributed around the Shandong Peninsula and Yangtze River Delta during the Pre-Qin Period. During the Qin-Han Period, Guangdong and Guangxi became new hotspots; these moved northward to Fujian during the Sui-Tang Period. During the Song-Yuan to the Ming-Qing Period, the density of heritage in Fujian further increased. After the Modern Times, Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula, and Tianjin formed the pattern of arching around the Bohai Sea. (3) The results of geographic correlation analysis show that, overall, watersheds have the greatest explanatory power on the MCH pattern. In contrast, dialects have the greatest explanatory power in the northern and southern coastal areas, respectively. The results of the detection of influencing factor indicators show that, from the overall scope, natural elements are the main factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of MCH, with a weight of 37.4%. Economic elements are first in the northern coastal area, weighing 30.2%. In the southern coastal area, natural elements are in the first place, with a contribution value of 32.0%, and the contribution value of cultural and economic elements is similar. (4) Based on the spatial and temporal distribution, relevant influencing factors, and composition characteristics of MCH, the 11 coastal provinces and cities can be divided into four heritage regions, namely, the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, west coast of the Taiwan Straits, and Lingnan MCH area, in addition to 12 secondary regions. The zoning scheme is consistent with the geographical differentiation of Chinese marine culture, which indicates that spatial statistical analysis and GeoDetector can provide technical support for the spatial zoning of MCH resources. This methodology applies equally to zoning studies of marine intangible cultural heritage and other thematic cultural heritage. The results can provide a reference for managing marine resources under national spatial planning as well as a basis for creating cultural brands in coastal cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the intensification of global climate change and the increase of polar human activities, the Antarctic and its ecosystem are facing unprecedented changes. The continuing concern of the international community to mitigate and adapt to these changes has prompted an ongoing call for an ecosystem-based approach to manage human activities in the Antarctic. In many sea areas around the world, Marine Spatial Planning has become an effective way to transform this concept into management practice, which could be a new tool for the comprehensive management of polar oceans. The Fildes Peninsula is the largest ice-free area in the Antarctic, which is characterised by high density of scientific research stations, abundant human activities and rich biodiversity. It is an ideal research area for the study of Antarctic ecological conservation, human activities and spatial management. Combining with the 36th Chinese Antarctic scientific expedition, the environmental characteristics of Fildes Peninsula, such as natural environment, biological distribution and regional protection, were systematically summarised; the main human activities and their environmental impacts, such as Antarctic station-based activities, Ant‐ arctic tourism, sea and air traffic, and commercial fishing were briefly analysed. On this basis, a practical study of Marine Spatial Planning on the Fildes Peninsula was carried out, and a zoning system consisting of 3 "first-level functional zones" and 10 "second-level functional zones" was proposed to realize effective protection of fragile ecological environment and scientific management of human activities in the Antarctic. It provides reference for the application of marine spatial planning in larger scale and wider scope in the Antarctic region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The suitability evaluation of sea area development plays a fundamental guiding role in marine spatial planning. While most of the existing sea area development suitability studies are aimed at a certain sea use, lacking a systematic guiding framework. In this paper, a method of multi-suitability for sea area development was constructed and applied to the Zhejiang sea area. The suitability evaluation index system was constructed after selecting four types of typical sea uses. Based on the suitability evaluation results, the multi-suitability and compatibility analysis was carried out. Finally, this paper put forward several strategies and suggestions for the compatible development and utilization of the Zhejiang sea area. The evaluation results showed that the spatially suitable areas for various sea uses overlap to varying degrees, and were suitable for multi-development. Besides, there existed certain compatibility between different pairs of sea uses, indicating that it was possible for compatible development and utilization. Based on the analysis of the suitability of sea area development, this paper deeply explored the multiple suitability and compatibility of marine development and utilization, which was of great significance for promoting the full and coordinated development and utilization of marine spatial resources.

In order to accelerate the implementation of marine spatial planning on a global scale, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and the European Commission launched the Global Marine Spatial Planning 2030 (MSPglobal 2030) plan in February 2019. This paper introduced the implementation of MSPglobal 2030 from three aspects: compilation of International Guidelines for Marine Spatial Planning, implementation of pilot projects, and communication and dissemination of results, and analyzed the challenges faced in the implementation process. It combined the background of China′s Territorial Spatial Planning reform and the implementation of the United Nations "Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development", and discussed the relevant ideas and references regarding the implementation of marine spatial planning from 4 aspects, the capacity building of planners, the impacts of climate change, the development of blue economy, and the strengthening of science and technology support.

Since the maritime power strategy was put forward in the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the ocean has gradually become the focus of attention, and the contradiction between the use of the sea and marine ecological problems were also emerging. Ocean, being an available space as important as land, has great space utilization value. With the development of science and technology and the continuous updating of research theory, the exploration of this space will be continuously upgraded, and the state of marine ecological space will be the key factor to determine whether the sustainable utilization of the ocean can be realized. Ecological civilization construction and land space use control have been upgraded to the national strategic level, and how to balance the relationship between sea use and marine protection needs to be paid more attention. This paper sorted out the related concepts of marine ecological space use control, the practical level of marine space planning, the policy and legal basis of marine ecological space use control from both domestic and foreign aspects, and put forward the problems existing in China′s marine ecological space use control, Finally, aiming at the problems, this paper put forward some research suggestions, such as determining the connotation of marine ecological space use control, accelerating the formulation of marine basic law, improving the marine legal system, improving the public participation mechanism, establishing the conflict coordination mechanism of administrative functions, strengthening supervision and so on.

Marine Spatial Planning is a process of planning and management for the sustainable development and utilization of marine resources. Based on the core collection of WOS and CNKI databases, the visualization tool CiteSpace was used to systematically summarize and analyze the domestic and foreign research topics and the evolution paths of their high lights in the field of Marine Spatial Planning from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that the number of relevant studies both in China and abroad was generally on the rise, with the United States, Australia and England accounting for more than 50%, with a high level in inter-institutional cooperation and transnational exchanges. Internationally, habitats, marine conservation areas, fishery development and biodiversity were the key research directions, while domestic studies payed more attention to the land-sea coordination and sustainable development. In the past two decades, the international research focus has experienced the periods of "the construction of spatial planning system -the expanded distribution of spatial planning pattern-experience summary and environmental protection", while the domestic planning has followed the steps of "the comprehensive management period of spatial planning policy-the specific functional zone division period-the sustainable development period". On this basis, some key areas for further exploration and some suggestions were put forward.

Based on CiteSpace, this paper analyzed the changes of the number of papers published, the number of authors, the influence of institutions, the influence of journals, and the cooperation network, and revealed the trends of research hotspots. The results showed that: Economically developed regions and countries such as Europe, America and Australia had high influence and close cooperation between countries and institutions. The research on marine spatial planning had always been centered on ecosystem and environmental protection, with policy research and ecological environment research as the main contents. The focus of research had shifted from ecological function to integrated functional planning with human activities as the main focus. Blue economy and blue development are the main keywords in recent years. Under the background of the increasing ocean development strength and scope, frequent changes of global climate environment, strengthening the observation and data collection research, exploring the marine ecosystem impact on the environment and human activity response mechanism, enhancing the use of ecological models in marine, refining marine spatial planning management measures, adjusting the planning scheme by considering the sea, implementing ecological protection and economic development going hand in hand, will be the future direction of China's marine spatial planning research.

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Macao Special Administrative Region is located at the outlet of the Pearl River.It is a typical beach land.It has expanded from 2.78 km2 in 1840 to more than 32 km2 at present.All the land is reclaimed from the sea.It is one of the regions with the highest proportion of land reclamation in the world.By reviewing the history of land reclamation in Macao Special Administrative Region,examining the current situation of water quality and excavating the existing problems of sea area development,this paper puts forward that it is necessary to establish a unified administrative structure in charge,strengthen pollution control,improve rain and sewage diversion treatment and discharge capacity,establish a pollution discharge permit system,promote regional legal cooperation and linkage law enforcement,and build a data platform.To achieve multi-party data fusion and other measures,so as to realize the advance planning of the sea area and scientific decision-making,so as to generate into the sea,improve the disaster resistance capacity of flood control and moisture-proof in the Macao Special Administrative Region,and better serve the development of the sea area and diversified economic construction of the Macao Special Administrative Region.