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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a critical neurological disease caused by the rupture of blood vessels within the brain parenchyma, with high mortality and morbidity rates. Currently, much research has focused on the injury mechanisms and intervention strategies following ICH, yet clinically effective treatments that significantly improve patient outcomes remain scarce. The mass effect refers to the mechanical compression of brain tissue by the hematoma during ICH, and its crucial role in neural function damage has been widely recognized in clinical practice. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms and pathways of the mass effect mediating primary and secondary injuries after ICH holds significant practical importance for the development of clinical intervention strategies. This article reviews the injury mechanisms and pathways of the mass effect during the onset and progression of ICH, aiming to provide references and theoretical bases for intervention research following ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microcalorimeter and cook-off (CO) oven are used to study the influence of mass on the thermal decomposition characteristics of ammonium nitrate (AN), and DSC and microcalorimenter are used to study the effect of thermal history on the thermal decomposition characteristics of AN. The results show that the mass has a significant effect on the thermal stability of AN, and the measured decomposition temperatures of samples, including onset decomposition temperature and peak decomposition temperature, decrease with the increase in their mass sizes. The large mass sample is easy to explode, which ultimately decreases the thermal stability of AN. The decomposition temperatures drifts to low temperature direction greater and greater with the increase in temperature. This is mainly due to the autocatalytic chemical reactions which generate intermediate products during heating. It is necessary to avoid the storage of large mass of AN and keep the heat source off the storage location in the process of industrial production and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]