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Objective To explore the efficacy and advantages of intracranial-intracranial bypass for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. Methods A total of 9 patients with complex intracranial aneurysms who underwent intracranial-intracranial bypass in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from February 2014 to May 2020 were included, and were treated with grafts bypass or reimplantation of recipient arteries. All cases underwent CTA or DSA to detect the patent of grafts, whether aneurysms were completely clipped or resected and aneurysms recurrence occurred during the follow-up. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the neurological prognosis at discharge and during the follow - up. Results Radial artery (RA) or great saphenous vein (GSV) was used for interposition in 4 cases, and recipient arteries were used for reimplantation in 5 cases. Of 4 cases of interposition, the cavernous sinus seoment of internal carotid artery (ICA)-GSV-ICA bypass was adopted in one case, middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2-RA-M2 bypass in one case, anterior cerebral artery (ACA) A3-GSV-A3 bypass in one case, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) P2 -RA -P2 bypass in one case. Of 5 cases of reimplantation, MCA M2 inferior trunk was reimplanted to M2 superior trunk in one case, ACA A3 was reimplanted to contralateral A3 in 2 cases, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) was reimplanted to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 2 cases. CTA in 3 d postoperatively showed all cases grafts were patent and aneurysms disappeared. After 3 months of discharge, 2 were lost to follow-up. The other 7 cases kept the patency of grafts and no new aneurysms, and were constantly followed up, with an average follow-up time of 30.71 months, and mRS score was 1 or lower. Conclusions Intracranial - intracranial bypass can be applied for complex intracranial aneurysms that are difficult for conventional surgical treatment to solve. Compared with extracranial - intracranial bypass, its grafts are shorter and its hemodynamics features are more in line with physiological conditions.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the cycle threshold (Ct) value of ORF1ab gene and N gene in the first admission detected by novel coronavirus (Omicron) nucleic acid and the negative conversion cycle of infected patients. Methods: 5 212 patients with novel coronavirus omicron variant infection were admitted to the Northern Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from March 2022 to April 2022 were collected, according to the patient′s previous history and the tests of relevant indexes after admission, including 2 746 cases in non-basic disease group and 2 466 cases in the basic disease group. All subjects received the Ct value of the ORF1ab genes and the N genes tests. Statistical analysis of the difference of the negative conversion cycle of ORF1ab gene and N gene between non-basic disease group and basic disease group under different Ct values at the first admission. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to assess the association of Ct value of ORF1ab gene and N gene with the negative conversion cycle, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the negative conversion cycle. Results: The Ct values of ORF1ab gene and N gene in patients novel coronavirus infection were negatively correlated with the negative conversion cycle (rORF1ab=-0.4622, P

In late February 2021, a round of indigenous novel coronavirus (referred to as COVID-19) infection emerged in Shanghai, making the COVID-19 outbreak shift from regular prevention and control to drastic pandemic prevention and control measures. According to the requirements of the Guidelines for the Organization and Implementation of Regional Novel Coronavirus Nucleic Acid Testing (Third Edition) issued by the National Health and Wellness Commission, medical institutions at all levels with nucleic acid testing capabilities rapidly carried out novel coronavirus nucleic acid testing, which put forward higher requirements for testing and prevention and control for the emergency conversion of non-designated admission hospitals to designated hospitals. As a clinical department with close contact with novel coronavirus testing specimens, the department of clinical laboratory has long working hours and high work intensity, as well as the potential risk of aerosol and contact transmission of clinical routine specimens and nucleic acid specimens, which requires more improvement from human resource planning, laboratory nucleic acid testing, laboratory infection prevention and control, medical material security, and staff psychological guidance. In this paper, we hope to combine the practice of emergency transformation work of the laboratory department in the northern hospital area of Ruijin Hospital, including personnel allocation, planning of testing items for clinical samples, and establishment of emergency nucleic acid testing, to carry out relevant work in a scientific, standardized and orderly manner, and provide our associate organizations with valuable experience in the coordination and management of emergency testing in the laboratory department in response to the novel coronavirus outbreak.

Objective: To explore the related problems and solutions in nucleic acid detection of COVID-19 patients at the present stage, and to provide reference for clinical laboratories. Methods: A total of 462 patients admitted from April 1 to April 10 were selected and their basic Ct values and time changes were analyzed. The false-negative test results caused by sample collection from March 20 to March 31 and from April 1 to April 10 were statistically analyzed, respectively. A total of 213 clinical samples were selected for parallel detection using reagents A and B to compare the differences between them. According to relevant documents, make the reinspection standard operation procedure (SOP) document of suspicious samples. According to the quality control method of quantitative test, weak-positive control was prepared and tested 5 batches every day for 4 days, and 20 groups of data were obtained and used as the initial data to make quality control charts. Results: The median Ct values of ORF1ab and N gene in 462 patients were 24.50 (20.58-32.10) and 23.38 (19.43-31.24), respectively. In 184 patients with Ct value less than 30, the median time for Ct value to rise above 30 was 6 days (4-8 days). The sampling unqualified rates were 12.4% and 2.4% in the early and late stages, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P

Sodium alginate embedding method and chitosan crosslinking method were used to immobilize α -galactosidase from Clitocybe squamulosa. The optimum pH, pH stability, optimum temperature, temperature stability, storage time of immobilized enzyme and free enzyme were compared. The hydrolysis on oligosaccharides in soymilk and operational stability of the two immobilized enzymes are compared. The results showed that the optimal saturation of ammonium sulfate was 80% for α-galactosidase from C. squamulosa. The enzyme activity retention rates of the two immobilized methods were both more than 50%, and the temperature stability, pH stability and storage time of immobilized enzyme were improved compared with that of free enzyme. After comparing the two immobilized enzymes, the temperature, acidity stability and operation stability of chitosan immobilized enzyme were better than that of sodium alginate immobilized enzyme. But the hydrolysis efficiency of chitosan immobilized enzyme on soymilk oligosaccharide was lower than the latter. The hydrolysis rate of oligosaccharide was more than 85% after the two immobilized enzymes were reused for 3 times. Compared with sodium alginate, chitosan was more suitable to be the immobilized carrier of α -galactosidase from C. squamulosa.

Solving the oxidation resistance problem of refractory high-entropy alloy at high temperature is the premise of application in engineering.The preparation of anti-oxidation coating on the surface of refractory metal is an effective way to improve its oxidation resistance.A complex silicide anti-oxidation coating(Si-20Cr-20Fe)was prepared on the surface of MoNbTaTiW refractory high-entropy alloy by slurry fusion sintering method.The microstructure, phase and composition of the initial silicide coating and the coating after oxidation at 1 300 ℃ were studied by SEM, EDS and XRD.The diffusion law of Si, Fe and Cr in the coating and the anti-oxidant mechanism of the coating were explored.Results showed that the initial silicide coating after melting was composed of disilicide, 5/3 silicide and ternary silicide Cr4Nb2Si5 formed by the reaction between metal and silicon.A good diffusion reaction interface was formed between the silicide coating and the substrate.After oxidation at 1 300 ℃, Si, Fe and Cr diffused to the substrate, and the diffusion reaction interface layer moved to the substrate, consequently the coating thickness was increased.The microstructure and composition of the diffusion reaction interface layer were almost the same as the diffusion layer of the complex initial silicide coating.After oxidation, a crack-free, dense oxide layer was formed on the surface of the coating.The layer was composed of CrNbO4, SiO2, WO3 and Fe2SiO4, and it could prevent the further diffusion of oxygen to the inside of substrate.Si, Fe and Cr had different diffusion rates in MoNbTaTiW refractory high-entropy alloy.The diffusion rate of Si was the fastest, Fe was the second, and Cr was the slowest.Therefore, Fe and Cr were enriched in the low silicon content diffusion layer and silicide layer.The complex silicide coating prepared by slurry fusion sintering could provide good anti-oxidation protection for MoNbTaTiW refractory high-entropy alloy at high temperatures.

Objective: To survey the status of infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical exfoliated cells and identify the local epidemiological characteristics of HPV infections. Methods: The HPV subtype test was carried out on cervical exfoliated cells obtained from 58 883 female subjects in the gynecological clinic and physical examination center from October 2017 through December 2020. The results were retrospectively reviewed and distribution of 25 common HPV subtypes in patients of different age groups and with different types of cervical disease (chronic cervicitis, cervical neoplasia, cervical malignant tumor) were analyzed. Results: Of 58 883 female subjects surveyed, 9 168(15.57%) cases were positive for HPV infection, including 6 971 single infection cases and 2 197 multiple infection cases. The HPV52 (3.31%), HPV58 (2.05%), and HPV16 (1.92%) were subtypes mostly detected. The HPV infection rate in females aged under 20 (37.34%) and between 21-30 (19.52%) were significantly higher than subjects of other age groups. Of 2 105 patients with cervical lesions, the HPV52 (16.92%), HPV58 (10.68%) and HPV16 (10.16%) were mostly identified in patients with chronic cervicitis; the HPV52 ( 22.22%), HPV16 (17.46%), HPV58 (14.29%) were mostly associated with cervical epithelial neoplasia; and the HPV16 (29.59%), HPV52 (11.24%), HPV58 (10.06%) were the most common subtypes detected in patients with cervical malignant tumors. Conclusions: The HPV infection rate in females of Shanghai is 15.57%, and the HPV52, HPV58, and HPV16 are the predominant subtypes detected. The three subtypes are also highly associated with patients with cervical lesions and cervical cancer, which indicates that the HPV52, HPV58, and HPV16, instead of HPV16 and HPV18 suggested in foreign epidemic studies, are the carcinogenic subtypes of HPV in Shanghai.

Jiangteng tea is composed of brown sugar,ginger,Teng tea,xylooligosaccharide and chrysanthemum.To observe the pharmacodynamic test of Jiangteng tea on cold blood stasis dysmenorrhea,and provide reference materials for the clinical trials,a dysmenorrhea model was prepared by injecting estradiol benzoate,and ginger vine tea was administered simultaneously by intragastric administration for 10 days.One hour after the last administration,10 U of oxytocin was injected intraperitoneally.And the rat's pain response was observed within 30 minutes.The writhing response was selected as an indicator of strong uterine contraction (dysmenorrhea),the concentration of β-endorphin (β-EP) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α were measured,at the same time,the uterus and ovaries were taken and HE stained for histological examination.The results showed that Jiangteng tea can reduce the number of writhing in rats with dysmenorrhea,increase the levels of β-endophorin and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α,and have a better effect on improving dysmenorrhea.At the same time,an ice bath + epinephrine hydrochloride was used to prepare a cold coagulation blood stasis model,and Jiangteng tea was administered by gavage simultaneously for 7 days with hemorheological indexes and hematocrit were measured.Compared with the model group,the hematocrit in the drug group was reduced,but there was no significant difference (P＞0.05).The low-shear viscosity and low-shear relative value of whole blood in the Jiangtengcha medium-dose group were significantly reduced (P＜0.05).In the high-dose Jiangteng tea group,whole blood low,medium and high shear viscosity,low shear relative value and erythrocyte aggregation index were significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and Kasson viscosity was significantly reduced (P＜0.05).The results showed that Jiangteng tea can reduce the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity of rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis,suggesting that Jiangteng tea has certain improvement on cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome.These studies showed that Jiangteng tea has a certain effect on dysmenorrhea and cold blood stasis,and has the functions of soothing dysmenorrhea.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of two total mixed diets on the growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of 25~35 kg Suffolk and Tibetan sheep crossbred F1 ewe under cold season house feeding conditions. Twenty-one ewes bred in F1 generation of Suffolk and Tibetan sheep hybrid with similar body condition and phenotype were randomly divided into three groups with seven replicates in each group and one sheep in each replicate. Group D (CP 14.26%, ME 12.93 MJ/kg) and Group G (CP 15.06%, ME 11.67 MJ/kg) were fed total mixed diets with different protein and energy levels, while the control group was fed alfalfa and oat hay. The pre-test period was seven days, and the formal test period was 60 days. The results showed that the average daily gain from 1 to 30 days, the average daily gain from 31 to 60 days, the average daily gain from 1 to 60 days, and the average daily gain from 1 to 60 days in Group G were significantly higher than those in Group D and control group (P<0.05), while the feed-to-weight ratio from 31 to 60 days and 1 to 60 days were significantly lower than those in Group D (P<0.05). The average daily feed intake and feed-weight ratio from 1 to 30 days, and average daily feed intake from from 31 to 60 days and 1 to 60 days in Group D were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The serum glucose, total cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in Group G were significantly higher than those in Group D and control group (P<0.05), the serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity in Group G was significantly higher than that in Group D and control group (P<0.05), the serum albumin and calcium contentrations in Group D were significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), the serum total bile acid and inorganic phosphorus content in Group D were significantly higher than that in and control group (P<0.05), and the serum urea nitrogen content in Group D and Group G was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The study indicates that feeding total mixed diet to F1 ewe of Suffolk and Tibetan hybrid in cold season can improve the growth performance, and the feeding effect of group G is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transmission distance of high power pump in the remote pump transmission system is limited. Considering this issue, a novel remote pump transmission scheme is proposed based on the principle of the randomly distributed feedback fiber laser, which enhances the stimulated Raman effect of the pump and outputs the target pump power through the fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity. The transmission performance of the new remote pump transmission system is tested. The experimental results show that the experimental data and theoretical calculation data of the new remote pump transmission system are consistent. Compared with the remote pump transmission system, the new remote pump transmission system improves the fiber input power of the pump and extends the transmission distance of the transmission system.

Bone age is an important indicator of human growth and development, which can objectively reflect the growth level and maturity of individuals. Traditional manual bone age assessment usually compares the X-ray of the left wrist with the reference standard to obtain the corresponding bone age. This method is time-consuming and its results vary with different observers. In recent years, with the continuous development of computer science, bone age assessment has began to change from traditional manual assessment to automatic assessment. Although there has already been numerous researches on automatic bone age assessment, most of them are still in the experimental stage. This paper reviews related research and progress on automatic bone age assessment at home and abroad in recent years, in order to provide reference and research ideas for relevant researchers.

As a biodegradable material,magnesium alloys has been attracted by more researchers, recently. Due to good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and biodegradable absorption charac-teristics, it has been honored as revolutionary biological materials. However, current bio-magnesium alloy still could not meet the requirements of clinical application, due to its shortcomings of rapid corrosion rate and local corrosion. In this paper, the progress of bio-magnesium alloy in improving the corrosion performance was reviewed from the aspects of high purity, alloying, heat treatment process and surface modification. The paper makes a prospect on how to develop the biodegradable materials with better corrosion performance in terms of adding non-toxic alloying elements, proper surface coating, advanced preparation technology and heat treatment process.

The process of CO2 entering the plant through photosynthesis was divided into two phases: plant absorption and soil fixation. It had been studied that the capacities of these four samples, which were Vulpiamyuros, Vicia villosa Roth, rapeseed and natural grass, absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis and that the variation of organic carbon amount in soil. And we also did some work on loss of biomass, carbon amount in early and last resudue decomposition. The result showed that Vicia villosa Roth had the most powerful capacity in carbon absorbing, which reached 3596.7-4822.3kg.ha-1y-1. The remaining carbon should be the most after three months of cutting, clustering and decomposing and could reach a value of 1164.55-2529.97kg.ha-1. Rapeseed had the highest value of carbon emission in the four plants, which reached the average of 5679.75kg.ha-1 and the highest of 6316.67kg.ha-1 which was 1.56 times as much as the CK. The quantity of fixed carbon in the soil covered by rapeseed was the highest of 4790.75kg.ha-1y-1, which was 1.4 times more than the CK. This thesis can be used as an instruction for selecting right ground plants in jujube orchard and also be useful for decreasing carbon dioxide from air to come to the carbon neutral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the impact of planting density and nitrogen fertilizing levels on the yield, quality, and economic benefits of Ever-leaf oat. The experiment utilized a completely randomized block design with three planting densities (150, 180, and 210 kg/hm², denoted as D1, D2, and D3) and four nitrogen fertilizing rates (0, 80, 110, and 145 kg/hm², denoted as N0, N1, N2, and N3). The results showed that under the same nitrogen fertilizing rate, stem thickness, plant height, leaf number, leaf width, crude protein, and crude fat of Ever-leaf oat decreased with increasing planting density, while hay yield did not show a significant difference among different planting densities (P>0.05). Under the same planting density, nitrogen fertilizization favored an increase in hay yield, crude protein content, and economic benefit of Ever-leaf oat. In the two-factor experiment with three planting densities and four nitrogen fertilizing rates, D1N2 exhibited the highest hay yield, crude protein content, and net income. The study suggests that the optimal cultivation approach for Ever-leaf oat in the Guizhou region is a planting density of 150 kg/hm² and a nitrogen fertilizing rate of 110 kg/hm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to investigate the differences in cardiac structure and function in different genders of Ili horses under the same nutritional level. Thirty 2-year-old Ili horses were selected for the experiment. Using a color Doppler ultrasound system at a frequency of 2.5 MHz, two-dimensional (2D) and M-mode images were obtained between the third and fifth ribs beside the right sternum of the horses. Nineteen cardiac structural indices and thirteen cardiac functional indices were collected. The results showed that there was no linear relationship between the body weight and size of Ili horses and the cardiac structural and functional indices. The RVDd and LV minor in stallions were higher than those in mares (P<0.005). The MVD of mares was higher than that of stallions (P<0.05), and the PAd was higher than that of stallions (P<0.01). The SV of stallions was higher than that of mares (P<0.05), and the SI was higher than that of mares (P<0.01). The HR, ET and LAD/AOD in mares were higher than those in stallions (P<0.01). The study indicates that there are gender differences in the cardiac indices of structure and function in Ili horses. The experiment provides a preliminary reference range for the cardiac function and parameters of 2-year-old Ili horses, which can be useful for further research on the cardiac health of Ili horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current preparation methods and research development trends of low dimensional nano structural materials are introduced, the working principle and technology development status of low dimensional nano structural materials are described, as well as the synthesis process of low dimensional nano structural materials is described, and the research progress of low dimensional nano structural materials synthesis technology is analyzed. The future research directions of low-dimensional nano-structured materials are prospected, and it is pointed out that the synthesis of new low-dimensional nano-structured materials with controllable size, structure and physical properties that will become one of the important research directions in the field of nanotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptides have been extensively used in cosmetic industry. However, most natural peptides have poor skin permeability, and are easily degraded by skin proteolytic enzymes. Most of the popular cosmetic peptides on the market are modified to improve their delivery efficiency and biological activity. In this paper, the types, methods and applications of structural modification for cosmetic peptides in recent years are reviewed. The structural modification strategies are summarized, as well as the effects on improving skin permeability and biological activity. This review may provide data and theoretical reference for the research and application of novel cosmetic peptide ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering its vertical distribution characteristics, this article argues that the Lower Palaeozoic source rock in the Manjieer Sag is composed of three sets of source rocks of Middle-Lower Cambrian, Middle-Lower Ordovician, and Upper Ordovician. The source rock of the Middle-Lower Ordovician Heituwa Formation has similar sedimentary facies and developmental features to the Middle-Lower Cambrian source rock, and has abundant organic material. The Upper Ordovician source rock is poor and limited in distribution. The source rocks have different thermal evolution histories. In central and western Manjiaer sag, Middle-Lower Cambrian source rock entered oil generation peak in Late Caledonian and Early Hercynian, Middle-Lower Ordovician source rock in Late Hercynian, and Upper Ordovician source rock in Late Yanshan and Himalayan. The threefold division of the source rock is the foundation of detailed study on the derived source and the accumulation process of marine oil in Tarim platform area. Key words: Lower Palaeozoic, source rock, thermal evolution history, Manjiaer Sag, Tarim Basin

With the continuous development of semiconductor technology, the current speed, integration density and the number of I/O ports of integrated circuits have greatly increased. The miniaturization and high-density integration of FPGAs will cause electromagnetic compatibility problems. Electro- magnetic shielding is the most effective way to suppress the electromagnetic radiation. Choosing evident electromagnetic shielding materials can achieve good shielding effects. At present, electromagnetic shielding materials are rarely used in FPGA, so we select a representative high-performance FPGA as the research object, and study its electromagnetic emission in different program states through near field scanning experiment. According to the characteristics of the chip, the composted metal shield and the absorbent waveguide electric sponge are selected as the electromagnetic shielding material to suppress the radiation emission of FPGA. Through further verification and analyses in experiments, the results show that the shield made of metal composted has better shielding effectiveness, and reaches 10 dBm. In contrast, the compressibility and structural stability of the wave-absorbing conductive sponge are more conducive to the application of FPGA in multiple scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of different shapes of feed on foraging behavior of breeding pigeons. In the experiment, healthy American white-feathered king pigeons with similar body weight were used as research subjects and were divided into three experiments. Experiment one: 40 pairs of pigeons with complete production records were selected and divided into two groups, namely, picky eaters and non-picky eaters, to compare their performance from January to April. Experiment two: 10 pairs of non-brooding breeders were selected to be fed a mixture of four shapes of corn embryonic, spherical, oval and cylindrical. The feeding behaviour of the breeding pigeons was observed. The test period was 14 d. Experiment three: 32 pairs of non-brooding breeders were randomly divided into four groups, with eight pairs in each group, the pigeons were fed with above four kinds of feeds, respectively. The feeding behaviour of the breeding pigeons was observed. The test period was 14 d. The results showed that compared with non-picky type, the survival rate of the squab reared by the picky type from January to April was significantly lower (P<0.05). From 0 to 10 min, pigeons preferred corn embryonic or cylindrical feeds. From 10 to 15 min, pigeons fed corn embryonic feed was extremely more than spherical feed (P<0.01). Within 20 min, pigeons fed corn embryonic or cylindrical feeds extremely more than spherical or oval feeds (P<0.01). The waste amount of corn embryo feed was extremely higher than that of other shapes (P<0.01). The feeding time of oval feed was extremely higher than that of other shapes (P<0.01). The experiment indicates that cylindrical feed can be used to increase feed intake and reduce feed waste of pigeons in practical production, trying to reduce the negative impact of the picky feeding behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective * To compare the effect of traditional plaque control method (Bass method of tooth brushing) and the same method combined with portable dental irrigator on plaque control and gingival inflammation in adult gingivitis and mild chronic periodontitis patients, and explore the role of dental irrigator in oral health maintenance. Methods * Seventy-eight adult patients with gingivitis and mild chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups, toothbrush (control group) and toothbrush combined with dental irrigator (experimental group). The plaque index (PLI), gingiva index (GI), bleeding index (BI) and plaque percentage were measured at baseline, after 2 weeks and 6 weeks respectively. Results * PLI, BI, GI and plaque percentage observed in the control group and experimental group were decreased after 2 weeks of continuous oral hygiene maintenance, compared with the baseline (all P<0.05). PLI, BI, GI and plaque percentage observed in the control group and experimental group were decreased after 6 weeks of continuous oral hygiene maintenance, compared with the baseline (all P<0.05). BIs of smooth surface and adjacent surface in the control group and experimental group after 2 weeks and 6 weeks were improved, compared with baseline, and the improvement of BI in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion * Portable dental irrigator can assist patients to achieve better oral health during periodontal treatment and maintenance, and help them maintain periodontal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of behavioral economics, the Urban Rail Transit Project is selected as an example to analyze the evolutionary mechanism of the engineering contractors' behavior in terms of contract interface and the stability of the game equilibrium. Based on the behavioral game theory, engineering contractors are assumed to be bounded rational groups with social preferences. The behavioral strategies of the game at the contract interface are divided into three categories: "active altruism", "passive altruism" and "self-interest". Using evolutionary game theory, taking civil construction units and electromechanical installation units as examples, a game model of interface behavior of engineering contractors is constructed and the stable and balanced solutions of the game model are obtained. Based on the software plantform of JAVA, the interface behavior game model is simulated, and the stable equilibrium strategy of both sides of the game are analyzed and verified under different income constraints. The results show that when both sides of the contract interface adopt an active altruistic strategy, both the individual gains and the total gains obtained by the game players are the largest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effects of biochar on residue of pesticides frequently used in flue-cured tobacco, the effects of exogenous biochar on pesticide residues of α-cypermethrin, metalaxyl and rimsulfuron in tobacco leaves and its planting soil were studied by field experiments. The results showed that the contents of α-cypermethrin, metalaxyl and rimsulfuron in tobacco leaves with biochar application were decreased by 25. 63%, 57. 10% and 39.84%, respectively, after treated for 10 d, compared to the corresponding control. The metalaxyl level at 10 d after pesticides application was below the maximum residue limit standard, and α-cypermethrin and rimsulfuron levels in tobacco leaves with biochar application were reduced bellow the maximum residue limit standard at 40 d after treatment. At 10 d after pesticides treated, the contents of α-cypermethrin, metalaxyl and rimsulfuron in soil treated with biochar increased by 176.23%, 115.05% and 23.28%, respectively, compared with the corresponding control. In conclusion, biochar could significantly reduce the residues of α-cypermethrin, metalaxyl and rimsulfuron in tobacco leaves, and could shorten the safe interval of the 3 pesticides application in flue-cured tobacco. Moreover, biochar application significantly increased the residues of the 3 pesticides in soils. The results provided a theoretical basis for the application of biochar to control pesticide residues in crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three vegetables of thistle, patchouli and fennel in same growing condition were collected, pretreated by microwave digestion and determined for contents of K, Ca, Mg and Pb by atomic absorption spectrometry method. The results showed that the stems and leaves of three vegetables contained abundant IK, Ca and Mg. Moreover, a certain amount of Pb was also detected in whole plants of three vegetables. The enrichment characteristics of four elements across different parts of three vegetables were specific. In that, the element IK was preferentially accumulated in stem of thistle and patchouli and leaf of fennel. By contrast, the Ca and Mg were preferentially accumulated in leaves of thistle, patchouli and fennel. In daily life, people can choose vegetables according to their different requirements based on the diiferent trace elements and mineral elements in diiferent vegetables to keep balance of trace elements in body and keep health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contents of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Pb in ten coriander samples from two kinds of different growing regions was evaluated in HClO4-HNO3 digestive system by using wet digestion and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). The results showed that two kinds of ten coriander samples contained high contents of K, Ca, Mg and Fe of human requirements, as well as a certain amount of heavy metal elements Cu and Pb. But the elements contents of ten coriander samples from different growing regions had the certain differences. The certain differences in element contents were also observed between the leaves and stems of ten coriander in the same growing region, in addition to Mg, the content of other five elements in the leaves were higher than that of stem, standard addition recovery experiment showed that the average recovery 84% ~ 107% and the relative standard deviation 0.5% ~ 1.3% of Fe and Cu elements. The experimental method was accurate and the results were reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To construct a qseC-deleted mutant strain of E. coli by using Red recombination and to study the motility of qseC gene in the mutants. Methods The chloramphenicol-resistant gene flanked by homologues of target genes was amplified by PCR and electro-transformed into E. coli MC1000. When induced by L-arabinose, the plasmid pKD46 could express three recombinant proteins of λ-prophage, which led to the replacement of target gene (qseC) with chloramphenicol-resistant gene. Then the chloramphenicol-resistant gene was eliminated by FLP-promoted recombination events. The motility of wild-type and mutant strain was detected. Results The qseC-deleted mutant of E. coli was confirmed by various PCR. Gene qseC was completely deleted. There was no significant difference in growth ability between the qseC mutant strain and the wild-type strain MC1000. The sizes of motility halos was (6.10 0.36) mm and (3.20 0.53) mm, respectively. Conclusion The qseC-deleted mutant of E. coli was constructed successfully, and the qseC gene plays an important role in regulation of motility in Escherichia coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A structure learning approach is proposed using the principal component analysis (PCA) in order to downsize the belief rule base (BRB). First, we select the principal components (PCs) from the attributes, and then identify the attributes with bigger contributions to the PCs using the loading matrix. A numerical case study to evaluate the comprehensive capability for an armored system of systems is analyzed under both single input and multiple inputs scenarios. The efficiency of the proposed approach is validated by the results of the case study: the BRB is significantly downsized and the consistency between the proposed approach and RIMER is preserved. Besides, the robustness of the structure learning approach is further verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to simulate the pouring and solidification process of DNAN based melt-cast explosives, flow and thermal fields were calculated using structured mesh, and stress field was calculated using unstructured mesh. This numerical scheme can obtain an accurate interface between solid and liquid, reasonable shrinkage and stress data. By comparison research, on the condition of certain mould and charge size, the optimized scheme for DNAN-based melt-cast explosives is that thermal insulation on upper mould surface for an hour with 30 °C water on lower mould surface, in order to decrease shrinkage, thermal stress value and solidification time by overall consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lake wetlands are extremely important and special ecosystems, which are important for regional water resource storage, environmental protection, and biodiversity maintenance. Sediment bacteria are an important component of lake ecosystems and are a major driver of biogeochemical cycling in lakes. In order to investigate the community structure of bacteria in typical lake sediments in Yinchuan City and their influencing factors, three typical lakes in Yinchuan City (Yuehai Lake, Mingcui Lake, and Xiniu Lake) were selected for the study and surface sediments were collected in January, April, July, and October 2021. The composition of the sediment bacterial community was examined using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology, and the response relationships between them and heavy metals were explored. The results showed that the ecological hazard coefficient for heavy metals in the sediments of three typical lakes in Yinchuan City was far less than 40, and the ecological hazard index was far less than 150, all of which indicated a minor ecological hazard. There were no significant differences in bacterial community diversity among the three lakes, but there were significant variations in diversity among the lakes in different seasons and significant differences in community composition. The dominant phyla (top three in terms of relative abundance) in Yuehai Lake, Mingcui Lake, and Xiniu Lake were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi. The dominant lower orders were Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria. The main divergent species that occurred at the phylum level in typical lakes in Yinchuan were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. The sediment bacterial community structure of Yuehai Lake was significantly correlated with Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, As, and Pb; the sediment bacterial community structure of Lake Mingcui was significantly correlated with Fe, Pb, and Cr; and the sediment bacterial community structure of Xiniu Lake was not significantly correlated with heavy metals. The types and contents of sediment heavy metals had a significant effect on the bacterial community structure of sediments in Yinchuan Yuehai Lake and Mingcui Lake and were important environmental factors that caused changes in the bacterial community structure of lake sediments.

It is important to explore the relationship between land use types and water quality to improve the surface water environment. Based on monthly water quality monitoring data from 16 nationally controlled surface water quality monitoring stations in Tianjin and land use data in 2021, GIS spatial analysis and mathematical and statistical methods were used to study the influence of land use types on surface water quality in buffer zones at different scales. The results showed that:① the land use types in the study area were mainly construction land, farmland, and water areas, which had significant effects on river water quality. Except for water temperature (WT) and pH, the farmland, construction land, and water areas were negatively correlated with each water quality indicator; forest land and grassland were positively correlated with dissolved oxygen (DO) and total nitrogen (TN) and negatively correlated with other water quality indicators. ② The water quality indicators showed obvious spatial differences in different seasons. The pH, DO and TN concentrations were higher in the dry season, whereas the permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were higher in the rainy season. ③ The results of the RDA analysis showed that the 800 m buffer zone land use had the greatest explanatory power for water quality changes in the dry season (50.4%), whereas the 3 000 m buffer zone land use could explain the water quality changes in the rainy season to the greatest extent (49.6%); from the average explanation rate of the dry and rainy seasons, the 3 000 m buffer zone was the best impact scale (50.0%) on water quality indicators in Tianjin. ④ The partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis showed that the most important variables affecting surface water quality changes were construction land, farmland, and water areas. The predictive ability of the PLSR model of most water quality indicators was stronger in the dry season than that in the rainy season. In the dry season, all water quality indicators, except WT and pH, were most influenced by farmland. In the rainy season, construction land had the greatest influence on WT and NH 4 + -N concentrations, and the most important influencing factor for the remaining water quality indicators was still farmland. This study showed that the rational planning of land use types within 3 000 m of rivers or lakes was beneficial to improving the water quality of surface water.

Agaricus blazei is a rare medicinal and edible fungus with a crispy taste and delicious flavor. Both fruiting body and mycelium are rich in polysaccharides, sterols, terpenoids, peptides, lipids, polyphenols, and other active ingredients, which have strong pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering, immunomodulation, optimization of intestinal flora, and anti-oxidation. Therefore, it is a kind of fungal resource with a great prospect of edible and medicinal development. Among the reported chemical components of A. blazei, blazeispirol is a series of sterol compounds unique to A. blazei, which has a spiral structure and is different from classical steroids. It is an important active ingredient found in the mycelium of A. blazei and has significant hepatoprotective activity. It can be used as a phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic marker of A. blazei strains and is considered an excellent lead compound for drug development. According to the skeleton structure characteristics, the 17 discovered blazeispirol compounds can be divided into two types: blazeispirane and problazeispirane. In order to further explore the resource of blazeispirol compounds of A. blazei, the discovery, isolation, structure, biological activity, and biosynthetic pathways of blazeispirol compounds of A. blazei were systematically reviewed. Besides, the metabolic regulation strategies related to the fermentation synthesis of blazeispirol A by A. blazei were discussed. This review could provide a reference for the efficient synthesis and development of blazeispirol compounds, the research and development of related drugs and functional foods, and the quality improvement of A. blazei and other medicinal and edible fungi resources and derivatives.

The impacts of natural processes and anthropogenic input on riverine nitrate (NO - 3 ) could be identified by NO - 3 concentrations and nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios ( δ 15 N-NO - 3 and δ 18 O-NO - 3 ); however, the effects of variable land use on riverine NO - 3 sources and transformations remain unclear. In particular, the human impacts on riverine NO - 3 in mountain areas are still unknown. The Yihe River and Luohe River were used to elucidate this question due to their spatially heterogeneous land use. Hydrochemical compositions, water isotope ratios ( δ D-H 2 O and δ 18 O-H 2 O), and δ 15 N-NO - 3 and δ 18 O-NO - 3 values were utilized to constrain the NO - 3 sources and transformations affected by different land use types. The results indicated that ① the mean nitrate concentrations in the Yihe River and Luohe River waters were 6.57 and 9.29 mg·L -1 , the mean values of δ 15 N-NO - 3 were 9.6‰ and 10.4‰, and the average δ 18 O-NO - 3 values were -2.2‰ and -2.7‰, respectively. Based on the analysis of δ 15 N-NO - 3 and δ 18 O-NO - 3 values, the NO - 3 in the Yihe and Luohe Rivers were derived from multiple sources, and nitrogen removal existed in the Luohe River, but the biological removal in the Yihe River was weak. ② The contributions of different nitrate sources were calculated using a Bayesian isotope mixing model (BIMM) based on  δ 15 N-NO - 3 and δ 18 O-NO - 3 values of river water in the mainstream and tributaries with spatial locations. The results revealed that sewage and manure had major impacts on riverine nitrate in the upper reaches of both the Luohe River and Yihe River, where forest vegetation was widely distributed. However, the contributions from soil organic nitrogen and chemical fertilizer were higher in the upper reaches than in downstream ones. The contributions of sewage and manure still increased in the downstream reaches. Our results confirmed the primary impacts of point sources, e.g., sewage and manure, on riverine nitrate in the studied area, and the contributions of nonpoint sources, e.g., chemical fertilizer, had not increased as the agricultural activities elevated the downstream. Therefore, more attention should be paid to point source pollution treatment, and the high-quality development of ecological civilization in the Yellow River Basin should be maintained.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Shangjuxu"(ST37) and "Tianshu"(ST25) on colonic mucosal injury and activities of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Nod-like receptor family，pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling in the colonic tissue in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of UC., Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model, medication and EA groups, with 12 rats in each group. The UC model was established by enema of 2-4-6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid +50% ethanol (2.5 mL). EA (10 Hz/50 Hz) was applied to bilateral ST37 and ST25 for 20 min, once a day, for a total of 10 days. Rats of the medication group received gavage of mesalazine suspension (2 mL：0.2 g/kg+0.9% saline) once a day, for 10 days. The rats' general conditions were recorded for calculating the disease activity index (DAI) score (0-4 points). The colonic tissue was sampled for giving colonic mucosa damage index (CMDI, 0-5 points) score and for observing histopathological changes after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and for detecting expression levels of NF-κB and NLRP3 by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot, separately. The contents of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), NLRP3 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay., Results: Compared with the blank group, the DAI and CMDI scores, contents of serum IL-1β, NLRP3, and TNF-α, as well as the immunoactivity and expression of NF-κB and NLRP3 proteins were significantly increased in the model group ( P <0.05). Relevant to the model group, modeling-induced increases of DAI and CMDI scores, serum IL-1β, NLRP3 and TNF-α contents, and NF-κB and NLRP3 expression were reversed in both medication and EA groups ( P <0.05), the effect of EA was apparently superior to that of mesalazine in down-regulating CMDI score and serum IL-1β level ( P <0.05). No significant diffe-rences were found between the medication and EA groups in down-regulating DAI score, serum TNF-α and NLRP3 contents, and expression of NF-κB and NLRP3 proteins ( P >0.05). The rats' general conditions including arch back sloth, anorexia, loss of fur gloss, weight loss, lethargy and loose of stool, and histopathological changes such as necrosis of intestinal mucosa, formation of obvious ulcerative surface, with many neutrophils and pus cells and inflammatory cell infiltration were obvious in the model group, which were relative milder in both medication and EA groups., Conclusion: EA can relieve colonic injury in UC rats, which may be related to its functions in down-regulating serum IL-1β, TNF-α and NLRP3 levels by suppressing colonic NF-κB / NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.

This study aims to explore the toxicity mechanism of Rhododendri Mollis Flos(RMF) based on serum metabolomics and network toxicology. The toxic effect of RMF on normal rats was evaluated according to the symptoms, serum biochemical indexes, and histopathology. Serum metabolomics was combined with multivariate statistical analysis to search endogenous differential metabolites and related metabolic pathways. The toxic components, targets, and signaling pathways of RMF were screened by network toxicology technique, and the component-target-metabolite-metabolic pathway network was established with the help of serum metabolomics. The result suggested the neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity of RMF. A total of 31 differential metabolites and 10 main metabolic pathways were identified by serum metabolomics, and 11 toxic components, 332 related target genes and 141 main signaling pathways were screened out by network toxicology. Further analysis yielded 7 key toxic components: grayanotoxin Ⅲ,grayanotoxinⅠ, rhodojaponin Ⅱ, rhodojaponin Ⅴ, rhodojaponin Ⅵ, rhodojaponin Ⅶ, and kalmanol, which acted on the following 12 key targets: androgen receptor(AR), albumin(ALB), estrogen receptor β(ESR2), sex-hormone binding globulin(SHBG), type 11 hydroxysteroid(17-beta) dehydrogenase(HSD17 B11), estrogen receptor α(ESR1), retinoic X receptor-gamma(RXRG), lactate dehydrogenase type C(LDHC), Aldo-keto reductase(AKR) 1 C family member 3(AKR1 C3), ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1(ABCB1), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2 B7(UGT2 B7), and glutamate-ammonia ligase(GLUL). These targets interfered with the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid, estriol, testosterone, retinoic acid, 2-oxobutyric acid, and affected 4 key metabolic pathways of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and retinol metabolism. RMF exerts toxic effect on multiple systems through multiple components, targets, and pathways. Through the analysis of key toxic components, target genes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways, this study unveiled the mechanism of potential neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity of RMF, which is expected to provide a clue for the basic research on toxic Chinese medicinals.

Purpose: To explore the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on biological activity and inflammatory factor expression of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs)., Methods: The effects of EPA on the activity, morphology and cell cycle of HGFs were observed by living and dead cell staining, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, respectively. HGFs were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) or heat inactivated P. gingivalis, after which the effects of EPA on mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β were observed by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. The gene and protein expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) was also detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software package., Results: 200 μmol/L EPA inhibited cell activity of HGFs; 100 μmol/L EPA did not affect cell activity and morphology of HGFs, and had no significant effect on cell cycle (P>0.05). EPA significantly downregulated gene expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, and protein expression of IL-6 stimulated by P. gingivalis LPS and heat-killed P.gingivalis(P<0.05), in a dose-dependent manner. EPA increased gene expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05), and upregulated HO-1 protein expression., Conclusions: EPA significantly inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors without affecting the biological activity of HGFs, which may be related to the induction of HO-1, suggesting the potential role of EPA in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.

The UNMIX model was used to analyze the source of heavy metals found to be present in the topsoil of parks in the main district of Lanzhou City. The Hakanson toxicity response coefficient was used concurrently to modify the traditional weights in the model, and the matter-element extension model was used to evaluate heavy metal pollution. The results of the evaluation were compared with the comprehensive pollution index ( P N ) and potential ecological risk index (RI). The results were as follows. ①The average heavy metal content in the topsoil at each sampling point was higher than that of the background value of soil in Lanzhou, with the proportion of Ni, Cu, and Co being 100% while the proportion of Cr, V, Pb, and As contents were 58.82%, 14.71%, 20.59%, and 2.94%, respectively. ② The results of source analysis showed that there were three major sources of heavy metal pollution in the topsoil of the parks in the study area. Source 1 is construction pollution, which contributes 56% of the Co present. Source 2 is traffic pollution, which contributes 44% and 52% of Cu and Pb, respectively. Source 3 is natural, and contributes 62%, 60%, 56%, and 56% of V, Cr, Ni, and As, respectively. Thus, this research showed that natural sources are predominant. ③ The weight correction effect for each heavy metal was significant; there was an approximately 44% reduction in both Cr and V, while the corrected weights of Ni, Cu, Pb, As, and Co increased in the order Co < Pb < Cu < Ni < As compared with the conventional weights. The most obvious change in weight was that of As, which increased by approximately 188%. ④ The results of the evaluation using the matter-element model showed that the state of 46% of the topsoil in the parks in the study area was grade Ⅴ (severely polluted), while 41% was grade Ⅳ (moderately polluted) and 3% was grade Ⅲ (lightly polluted); Co was the main pollutant. The results of the model evaluation were roughly the same as of from the P N and RI, indicating that the matter-element extension model can be used to evaluate heavy metal pollution in soil and the evaluation results are accurate and objective.

Malignant tumor, an important factor threatening human life and health, brings huge economic burden to patients. At present, chemoradiotherapy is still the main treatment method for tumor diseases, but there are also great side effects when it plays a therapeutic role. Traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of tumor diseases has many advantages such as few side effects, improving the physiological state of patients, and slowing down the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Berberine is an effective component of rhizoma coptidis, with a very good antitumor effect. It can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, promote tumor cell apoptosis, inhibit tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, regulate tumor autophagy, reverse multi-drug resistance of tumor, regulate the body immunity, and affect tumor metabolic reprogramming to play its role. Compared with chemical preparations, berberine has a wide range of sources, with high safety and easy access, and has great potential in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors. In this article, we would mainly review the research progress on the antitumor mechanism of berberine in recent years.

In this study, a continuous rape-rice rotation plot experiment was conducted over three years. Repair materials were continuously applied in the first two years, and no repair materials were applied in the second year. The repair effects of hydroxyapatite, lime, biochar, bio-organic fertilizer, and nano-materials on copper contaminated soil and the enrichment of copper in different parts of rape and rice were investigated. The results show that hydroxyapatite, lime, and nanomaterials can significantly increase soil pH, and different restoration materials can effectively inhibit the movement of soil copper. The effective copper treatment with lime restoration soil had the largest decrease. The four seasons of continuous application of restoration materials were 38.9%, 34.9%, 27.88%, and 29.04%, respectively, and the subsequent effect of lime passivation of effective copper was better than other restoration materials. The application of the repair material significantly reduced the copper content in edible parts of rape and rice. In the four seasons of application of the repair material, the maximum copper content in edible parts of different crops decreased by 46.03%, 22.2%, 29.44%, and 31.71%, respectively. Due to the application effect of the repair material, the copper content in the edible part of the two season crops, without the repair material, did not exceed the national food safety limit. With the use of different repair materials, the yields of rapeseed and rice were improved. This test can provide some theoretical basis and technical support for soil improvement in copper-contaminated areas.