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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the level of blood lipids among Tajik people in Pamir Plateau, Xinjiang, and explore the related factors of dyslipidemia. Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study. A multi-stage cluster random sampling survey was conducted among 5 635 Tajiks over 18 years old in Tashkorgan Tajik Autonomous County, Xinjiang Province from May to October 2021. Data were collected through questionnaire survey (general information, medical history, and personal history), physical examination (height, weight, waist, and blood pressure) and blood test (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density cholesterol (HDL-C)) to analyze the dyslipidemia and its risk factors among Tajiks. Results: The age of Tajik participants was (41.9±15.0) years, including 2 726 males (48.4%). The prevalence of borderline high TC, high LDL-C and high TG levels were 17.2%, 14.7% and 8.9%, respectively. The prevalence of high TC, high LDL-C, high TG and low HDL-C were 4.1%, 4.9%, 9.4% and 32.4%, respectively, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 37.0%. There is a positive correlation between male,higher education level, higher body mass index (BMI) value,waist circumference, living in town, smoking and dyslipidemia. Conclusions: The low prevalence of high TC, high LDL-C, high TG and high prevalence of low HDL-C was a major characteristic of Tajik people in Pamir Plateau of Xinjiang. The lower rates of overweight and obesity may be one of the reasons for the lower prevalence of dyslipidemia among Tajik.

This study aimed to build a home use deep learning segmentation model to identify the scope of caries lesions. A total of 494 caries photographs of molars and premolars collected via endoscopy were selected. Subsequently, these photographs were labeled by physicians and underwent segmentation training by using DeepLabv3+, and then verification and evaluation were performed. The mean accuracy was 0.993, the sensitivity was 0.661, the specificity was 0.997, the Dice coefficient was 0.685, and the intersection over union (IoU) was 0.529. Therefore, the present deep learning segmentation model can identify and segment the scope of caries.

Objective: To discuss the feasibility and effectiveness of using micro-CT in bone-implant contact (BIC) evaluation in dogs, and to provide reference for clinical and scientific research. Methods: Bilateral mandibular second premolar and first molar of six male Beagle dogs were extracted. After 3 months' healing, eight implants were placed in bilateral mandible of each dog, four on each side. Dogs were sacrificed at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after implant placement, two on each time point. Samples were scanned with micro-CT and digitally reconstructed. Bone-implant interface was analyzed at different analysis regions (25, 50 and 100 μm from implants' surface), different detection range models were obtained (each time point consists 48 models), and BIC was evaluated, and the results were counted as micro-CT(25), micro-CT(50), and micro-CT(100) groups. Then undecalcified slides were made (three slides for each sample) and stained with toluidine blue for observation and analysis of BIC using an optical microscope, and the results were counted as optical microscope groups. The advantages and disadvantages, evaluation efficiency and BIC of different methods were analyzed. Results: To evaluate BIC of single sample, it took about 90 minutes by micro-CT, which was much lower than the time of 14 days by optical microscope. The success rates of modeling of micro-CT(25), micro-CT(50), and micro-CT(100) groups all were 100.0% (48/48), and total success rate of micro-CT group was 100.0% (144/144). For optical microscope groups, the success rates of making slides 2, 4, 8 weeks were 89.6% (43/48), 93.8% (45/48) and 93.8% (45/48), respectively, and total success rates of optical microscope group was 92.4% (133/144). At 2, 4,8 weeks after implantation, BIC in micro-CT(25) group was significantly smaller than that in optical microscope group at the same time point ( P< 0.05). However, at 2, 4,8 weeks after implantation, BIC of the micro-CT(50) and micro-CT(100) groups showed no significant difference with optical microscope groups at the same time point ( P> 0.05). A significant correlation ( P< 0.001, each) was seen between slides and micro-CT (25, 50, 100 μm groups) concerning BIC ( r= 0.680, r= 0.892, r= 0.713), and error bias was -19.4%, -0.9%, 3.0%, respectively. The probability within the 95% limits of agreement were 97.9%. Conclusions: Micro-CT is a faster, simpler and more efficient way to analyze BIC at the implant-bone interface than optical microscope observation. BIC analysis by selecting 50 μm from implants' surface as analysis region using micro-CT is in consistent with that using the optical microscope.

In order to study levels of BTX near a main road in Hefei in March 2016, benzene, toluene, m -xylene, and o -xylene (BTX) and conventional pollutants (such as NO 2 and SO 2 ) in the atmosphere were monitored through a home-made differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system. Results showed that average concentrations of benzene, toluene, m -xylene, and o -xylene were 21.7, 63.6, 33.9, and 98.7 μg·m -3 , respectively. Compared with other cities both in China and elsewhere, benzene and toluene pollution can be considered to be of medium level, while xylene pollution is serious. Wind direction, T/B ratio, and correlation with CO were also analyzed, together with BTX sources. Result showed that the T/B ratio was 0.8-4.5, with correlation coefficients of benzene, toluene, and CO of 0.55 and 0.34, respectively. These values indicate that benzene and toluene are mainly derived from automotive emissions, also affected by surrounding industrial parks. Xylene is mainly derived from a coating industrial park north of the observation site. It was shown that high night-time concentrations of benzene and toulene could be due to industrial emissions from the industrial parks around the observation site. The ozone formation potential is in the order of o -xylene > m -xylene > toulene > benzene at the observation site. The ozone formation potential of xylene accounted for 85% of total ozone formation potential, indicating that emissions from surrounding industrial parks contribute greatly to ozone formation in the area.

One case of family chromosomal karyotype with complex chromosomal translocation and male infertility was reported. This case is a male, 30 years old, Han nationality, who did not receive contraception for 3 years after marriage. The phenotype and intelligence of the patients were normal, and there were no abnormalities in the external genitalia. No abnormalities were found in the prostate and spermatic vein. There was no history of parotitis or testicular trauma, no history of smoking, drinking history, denial of harmful substances and history of radioactive contact. There were no similar patients in the family, and the secondary sex was normal. The routine semen examination suggested that the active sperm was seldom seen. There were no obvious abnormalities in the serum endocrine examination of the patient. Cytogenetic examination: the patient's karyotype 46XY, t (10; 18; 21) (q22; p11.2; q11.2). There was no deletion in locus sY84, sY86, sY127, sY134, sY143, sY254 and sY255. His wife's examination showed no obvious abnormality, and her karyotype was normal. The parents of the patients were not close relatives. Their father's chromosome karyotype analysis was 46, XY, and Y chromosome microdeletion was normal. The chromosome karyotype of the parent was 46XX, t (10; 18; 21), and the parents of the patient also had a daughter, whose phenotype and intellectual development were normal, chromosome karyotype 46XX, t (10; 18; 21). In this case, the patient's balance translocation should be inherited by the mother. Because of the normal phenotype of the patient, there was no loss of genetic material, but the abnormal chromosomes might be passed to the offspring, and the proportion of the unbalanced gametes was very high. Through systematic review and review of the cases, it was concluded that the balanced translocation carriers only changed the relative position of the translocation segments on the chromosomes, retained the total number of the original genes, only changed the relative position of the genes on the chromosomes, and had no serious effect on the role of the gene and the development of the individual. The phenotype was normal. The patients were given symptomatic treatment to improve semen quality. It is recommended that pre-implantation genetic screening/diagnosis(PGS/PGD) be performed if necessary. It is to guide married men and women to choose the appropriate childbearing age, avoid unhealthy environmental contacts, and strengthen genetic screening before and after pregnancy, so as to achieve the goal of eugenics.

In the present article, the authors summarized the state of acupuncture therapy in the United States of America from 1) history and current state, 2) legislation and its contents, management system and introduction of health insurance system, and 3) standardization. Acupuncture therapy, as a complementary or alternative therapy, has been widely supported and approved by majority of states in the USA. The authors hold that due to differences between the oriental and western cultures and difficulties of Chinese medicine in quantitative and qualitative studies, the legislation on acupuncture therapy for approval of the American Parliament needs paying more efforts.

The paper is to report the development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of icaritin (ICT) in rat plasma. After precipitated with acetonitrile from the plasma, ICT was isolated chromatographically on a Dikma C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (72 : 28 : 1.5, v/v/v). Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the transitions of m/z 387 --> m/z 313 and m/z 331 --> m/z 315 were used to quantify ICT and the internal standard, respectively. The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 2.5-1,000 ng x mL(-1). The lower limit of quantification was 2.5 ng x mL(-1). The inter- and intra-day precision (RSD) were less than 9.63%, and the accuracy (relative error) was within +/-7.42%. The method was proved to be suitable for the pharmacokinetics of ICT, which offers advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity.

Hepatitis E, an acute infectious disease transmitted via the fecal-oral route, is caused by hepatitis E virus. However, no effective treatment currently exists for hepatitis E, and the only epidemic control approach is vaccination. But so for there are no commercial vaccine for hepatitis E available in the world. To find a new expression system to develop recombinant hepatitis E vaccine, in this study the expression system of methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha was used to express the gene encoding amino acid 112 - 607 of the open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype IV. In order to achieve high expression level, the coding sequence was optimized according to codon usage bias of Hansenula polymorpha and synthesized through overlapping PCR. Subsequently the gene was subcloned into the multi-copy expression vectors of Hansenula polymorpha, which include pDGXHP1.0 (MOX promotor), pDGXHP2.0 (MOX promotor) and pDGXHP2.1 ( FMD promotor). The series of one-copy and multi-copy recombinant plasmids were transformed into ATCC26012(Ura3-) by electroporation. The transformants were cultured in selection media MDL and screened for the existence of foreign gene by PCR. Then the strains were induced in MM media and the expression products were detected by SDS-PAGE, ELISA and Western blot assays to select the high-level expression strains. The result of SDS-PAGE showed that the HEV ORF2 expression product was accumulated up to 12% of total cellular protein and its molecular weight is 56kD. The expression product showed high immunoreactivity detected by ELISA and the highest titer is 1:2048. The result of Western blot demonstrated that the expression product could be specifically recognized by the polyclonal antibody against HEV. The successful expression of HEV ORF2 protein in Hansenula polymorpha provides foundation for the further development of recombinant subunit vaccine against hepatitis E.

Objective: To discuss the important role of actin polymerization in calcium ionophore A23187-induced human acrosome reaction and its mechanism., Methods: Each spermatozoon specimen was divided into five groups, treated with A23187 3 micromol/L in Group A, Phalloidin 40 micromol/L and A23187 3 micromol/L in Group B, SLO 0.5 U/ml and A23187 3 micromol/L in Group C, SLO 0.5 U/ ml, Phalloidin 40 micromol/L and A23187 3 micromol/L in Group D, and nothing added in Grpup E. Then the percentage of the human acrosome reaction was assessed with Rhodamine-PSA (10 microg/ml)., Results: The difference of the human spermatozoon acrosome reaction was significant (P < 0.01) among the 5 groups with or without SLO, Phalloidin and calcium ionophore A23187 but not between Groups A and B (P > 0.01)., Conclusion: Phalloidin does not work on the acrosome reaction of intact human spermatozoa, but in an SLO-permeabilized human spermatozoal model, it can obviously decrease the percentage of human spermatozoon acrosome reaction, which indicates that the polymerization of actin plays an important role in the course of human spermatozoon acrosome reaction, and mostly acts on the acrosome inside.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of combined L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine therapy in infertile males with oligoasthenozoospermia., Methods: One hundred fifty patients with oligoasthenozoospermia were randomized selected into treatment and control groups. The treatment group with 90 patients were given L-carnitine (2 g/d) and acetyl-L-carnitine (1 g/d) orally, twice a day. The patients in control group were given Vitamin E 100 mg plus Vitamin C 100 mg, tid. The oral therapy lasted three months and patients accepted sperm analysis every one month. The L-carnitine level in seminal plasma was examined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPC). Side effects as well as pregnant rate were observed., Results: In the treatment group, 85 patients out of 90 finished the three month treatment. Female spouses of 10 patients (11.6%) achieved pregnancy. Moreover, their forward motile sperm per ejaculation, total motile sperm, as well as the concentration of L-carnitine in seminal plasma were increased significantly (P < 0.01). In control group, 53 patients out of 60 completed three months therapy. Two pregnancy (3.7%) was observed. Though some increase was seen in number of forward motile sperm and total motile sperm per ejaculation, the changes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The difference of the pregnant rate between two groups was statistically significant. No side effects were found., Conclusion: Combined treatment with L-carnitine and acetyl-L-calmitine can be an effective and safe option for treating oligoasthenozoospermia by means of significantly improving forward motile sperm and total motile sperm per ejaculation, as well as increasing pregnant rates.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Epimedium brevicornum., Method: The chemical constituents were isolated by using silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. The structures were identified on the basis of physical-chemical constants and spectral data., Result: Five compounds were isolated and identified as hyperoside, icariin, epimedin B, epimedin C, inositol., Conclusion: Compound I and III - V were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Epithelia of rostral side and fins from common carp were taken to culture in vitro. As a result, cells of tail fins were successfully passed from generation to generation, and constructed cell lines. During the culture procedure, the passage cells were observed and their biological characteristics were analyzed, which consist of morphologic analysis, drawing of growth curve, detection of producing rate for clones, insight of adaptation to temperatures, calculation of chromosomes and investigation for thaw of frozen cells. According to the observation results, we found that (1) there is an increase trend of fibroblast. epithelia of rostral side and tail fin from common carp are the best materials for culturing cells; (2) the optimum culturing temperature is 27 degrees C; (3) there isn't any change in cell chromosomes, which still are normal diploid. However, with, the generations increasing, the mode of chromosome has an inclination of decrease in normal ranges. We inferred the donor cells from 4-10 generations are the best choice for nuclear transplanted experiments in order to guarantee their genetic stabilities and survival rates after transplanting the nuclei. And, the cells will grow extremely well when cultured for 48-72h at 27 degrees C. We suggest the temperature should be descended little by little involving in preserving cells with DMSO. So far, the cells were passed 30th generations and part of them was preserved into liquid nitrogen.

Objective: To investigate the proper time of cryo-preserving tracheal allograft so as to minimize its antigenicity., Methods: On a dog model, this study was carried out by allografting a tracheal into a muscular flap formed with sternocephalic muscle and sternohyoid--sternothyroid muscle. The tracheal was treated with cryopreservation in defferent intervals. The viability of the graft was evaluated by the examination of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, histopathology and microangiography. The blood flow of the tracheal mucous was measured with a blood flowmeter and the survival area was decided in the calculation of the percentage., Results: There are no significant differences in the mucous membrane appearance and the mucosal blood flow one week after the surgery among the non-cryopreservation group and the groups treated with cryopreservation in 1 day, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks. The graft was found to start necrosis 2 weeks after the transplantation with the infiltration of mononuclear cells examined under light microscope in almost all of the groups, especially in the non-cryopreservation group and the groups treated with cryopreservation in 1 day, 2 weeks. However, there was no significant difference among the autograft group and the allograft groups cryopreservated in 6 weeks and 8 weeks, and the infiltration of the mononuclear cells was not found in these groups either., Conclusion: The antigenicity of the tracheal allografts could be significantly decreased by the treatment of cryopreservation over 6 weeks.

Objective: To investigate the possibility of tracheas transplantation by wrapping it in a muscle flap., Methods: With a dog model, a number of tracheas were separately wrapped in the unilateral sternocephalic muscle flap and the bilateral sternohyoid-sternothyroid muscle flap, and placed in the original site. The tracheas autografting was used as a control. The viability was evaluated by the examination of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, histopathology and microangiography, the measurement of tracheal mucosal blood flow and the calculation of survival rate and percentage of patency., Results: The submucosal blood flow of the transplanted tracheas was detected in the unilateral sternocephalic muscle flap group and the bilateral sternohyoid-sternothyroid muscle flap group 1 week after the surgery and gradually reached the level close to the normal in 4 weeks, while the vascular ingrowth was also shown from the wrapped muscle flap into the transplanted tracheas by using a microangiography technique. The histopathological examination demonstrated that the structure of the transplanted tracheas was quite same as the original one and its inner surface was also covered with pseudostratified columnar ciliary epithelia. However, in the control group, the mucous membranes turned black one week after the transplantation and all dogs died from the graft necrosis., Conclusion: The tracheas wrapped in a muscular flap could survive well for a long time.

The effects of differentiation of human leukemia HL60 cells on harringtonine(Har) and camptothecin(Cam) induced apoptosis(in these cells) were studied. When treated with phorbol 12-myriate, 13-acetate 16 nmol.L-1 for 24 h, the HL60 cells differentiated into monocyte/macrophage cells and were arrested at G1 phase. The differentiated cells were shown to be resistant to the Har and Cam induced apoptosis, but showed no change of expression of c-myc gene. HL60 cells incubated in 1.4% dimethyl sulfoxide for 48 h differentiated into granulocyte cells and were also gene arrested at G1 phase. The differentiated cells became resistant to the apoptosis induced by Cam, but not that by Har, and expression of c-myc decreased drastically in the differentiated cells. The results indicate that the differentiated status of human leukemia HL60 cells apparently affected the apoptosis induced by harringtonine and camptothecin, but it was irrelevant to the change of the expression of c-myc gene.

The effects of fagopyrum cymosum rootin on four human tumor cells in vitro were observed in comparison with 5-Fu. It was found that the clonal formations of four human tumor cells were markedly inhibited and the inhibition rates were positively proportional to concentration. At the concentration of 12.5 micrograms/ml, inhibition rates were GLC 98.7%, Hela 53.8%, SGC 65.4% and KB 82.1%.

A human synovial sarcoma cell line (HSS-84), from a painful mass excised locally near the left sternoclavicular joint, was established and has been continuously propagated in vitro for more than one year through 54 passages till the end of 1985. Doubling time was 65 hr. The index of mitosis was 28.8%. The chromosome number for most of the cells was hypertriploid. The cells, stored in liquid nitrogen, had a good revival. Cytologically, some cells, showing elongated, spindle, stellate or spidery shape with prominent processes, were arranged in loose or bundled pattern, similar to sarcoma cells; some cells showed ovoid and polygonal in mosaic arrangement, similar to epithelioid cells. Both features indicated biphasic differentiation of the cells. By electron microscopy, the cells consisted of light and dark cells with microvilli and obvious abnormality. Histopathologically, the tumor, from which HSS-84 originated, was a biphasic differentiation synovial sarcoma. It was composed of malignant spindle interstitial cells and malignant epithelioid cells lining the clefts or spaces. The latter was similar to cultured cells by electron microscopy. HSS-84 was identical with the donor. HSS-84 establishment will be useful for research on diagnosis, therapy, origin and biphasic differentiation of the synovial sarcoma.