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Objective To study the changes of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its possible mechanism. Methods The 28 joint disease activity score (DAS28) and peripheral blood samples were collected from RA patients. Erythrocyto sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by an automatic erythrocyte sedimentation device and immune transmission turbidimetry, respectively. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACCP) were assessed by immunoturbidimetry and chemiluminescence assay, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of ILC2 in the patients with RA. The correlations between ILC2 and the above disease indexes were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. RA patients were divided into two groups: low disease activity (DAS28<3.2) group and high disease activity (DAS28≥3.2) group. The expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in ILC2 of RA patients was detected by flow cytometry, and the differences of ILC2 expression were compared in RA patients with different disease activity of IL-13. Results Compared with healthy people, the proportion and absolute number of ILC2 in the peripheral blood of RA patients increased. ILC2 was negatively correlated with ESR, CRP and DAS28. IL-13 secreted by ILC2 in RA patients with high disease activity was significantly lower than that in the ones with low disease activity. Conclusion ILC2 inhibits RA disease activity by secreting IL-13.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of non-phacoemulsification cataract operation in two different patterns of nucleus delivery on the quantity and morphology of corneal endothelial cells and postoperative visual acuity., Methods: Forty patients diagnosed with cataract underwent cataract surgery and were assigned into the direct nuclear delivery and semi-nuclear delivery groups. Lens density was measured and divided into the hard and soft lenses according to Emery-little lens nucleus grading system. Non-phacoemulsification cataract operation was performed. At 3 d after surgery, the quantity and morphology of corneal endothelium were counted and observed under corneal endothelial microscope. During 3-month postoperative follow-up, the endothelial cell loss rate, morphological changes and visual acuity were compared among four groups., Results: Corneal endothelial cell loss rate in the direct delivery of hard nucleus group significantly differed from those in the other three groups before and 3 months after operation (P < 0.01), whereas no statistical significance was found among the direct delivery of soft nucleus, semi-delivery of hard nucleus and semi-delivery soft nucleus groups (all P > 0.05). Preoperative and postoperative 2-d visual acuity did not differ between the semi-delivery of hard nucleus and direct delivery of soft nucleus groups (P = 0.49), significantly differed from those in the semi-delivery of soft nucleus (P = 0.03) and direct delivery of hard nucleus groups (P = 0.14). Visual acuity at postoperative four months did not differ among four groups (P = 0.067)., Conclusion: During non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery, direct delivery of hard nucleus caused severe injury to corneal endothelium and semi-delivery of soft nucleus yielded mild corneal endothelial injury. Slight corneal endothelial injury exerted no apparent effect upon visual acuity and corneal endothelial morphology at three months after surgery.

Objective: We determined the distribution of serogroups and virulence factors among Escherichia coli isolates from pigs with diarrhea and/or edema disease from 10 provinces in China between 1998 and 2007., Methods: Three hundred E. coli isolates were serogrouped with O-antisera and detected for genes of enterotoxins, shiga-toxin-two-variant (Stx2e), intimin, K88, K99, 987P, F18 and F41 fimbrial antigens by PCR., Results: Among 300 isolates, 233 were determined to be placed in serogroups, 50 were unable to be serogrouped, and the rest 17 auto-agglutinated. These isolates distributed in 45 serogroups and 57.1% (133/233) belonged to 5 O serogroups: O149, O107, O139, O93 and O91. Several uncommon O serogroups were discovered. PCR analysis confirmed the genes of est I (STa), est II (STb), elt (LT), stx2e (Stx2e) and eaeA (Intimin) within the isolates. There were six pathotypes of porcine E. coli by their pathogenic factors, namely enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), attaching-effacing E. coli (AEEC), ETEC/ STEC, AEEC/ETEC and AEEC/ETEC/STEC. The correlation between pathotypes and serogroups showed that the combinations of O149/K88/estII, O149/K88/est II+elt, O107/F18/est II, 093/est II and O98/est II were common types in ETEC strains, O139/ F18/stx2e for STEC strains, eaeA gene for AEEC strains, O107/F18/estI+stx2e, O107/F18/estII + stx2e and O116/F18/est I +elt+stx2e for ETEC/STEC strains, 091/est I/eaeA and O107/est I /eaeA for AEEC/ETEC/STEC strains"., Conclusion: ETEC was commonly associated with swine colibacillosis, whereas the kinds of enteric E. coli pathogens become more complex in China.