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Agricultural Heritage Systems (AHS) have high economic value. In addition, their protection and management focus on the dynamic conservation and sustainable development of heritage sites, which play an important role in the economic development of such sites and have attracted the attention of many scholars. However, the economic effects of AHS recognition on heritage sites have not been well described in previous research. Therefore, taking the Phoenix Oolong tea culture system in Chao'an, Guangdong Province, as an example and selecting Chao'an District and Raoping County as research areas, this study attempts to explore the contribution of AHS identification to the economic growth of heritage sites. First, it collected economic data on the heritage site (Chao'an District) and control area (Raoping County) from 2010 to 2019. From the perspective of total volume change and industrial development, this study compared the difference in economic growth between heritage sites and control areas after China's Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS) were recognized. Subsequently, using interrupted time series analysis, this study quantitatively analyzed the significance of the changing trend of economic growth and industrial development difference between the two areas after this recognition. Based on these results, combined with a field investigation, this study discusses the specific path of AHS identification that affects heritage sites' economic growth. The results show that after the identification of the Phoenix Oolong tea agricultural system in Guangdong Province, the tourism and tea industry in Chao'an District developed rapidly, and tourism income increased significantly, which is conducive to local economic growth. Specifically, after the identification of the Phoenix Oolong tea culture system in Chao'an, Guangdong Province, the economic aggregates of Chao'an District increased. Among them, tea area, production, output value, number of tea cooperatives, and enterprises in Chao'an District all increased, and the tourism income and number of tourists received increased yearly. However, compared to Raoping County, the growth in tourism income in Chao'an District was the most significant. This study also found that heritage recognition inhibited the growth of tea cooperatives in the Chao'an District. Further analysis shows that the recognition of China-NIAHS effectively promotes the resource exploitation of heritage tourism, enhances the brand advantage of Phoenix Oolong tea, facilitates the development of the tourism and tea industries in Chao'an District, and integrates tea tourism in the heritage site, thus promoting the site's economic growth. At the same time, these economic achievements were also made possible by sound policy support. Therefore, the governments of heritage areas should attach importance to the role of agricultural heritage in regional development and give full play to the economic driving role of AHS. In conclusion, this study enriches relevant studies on AHS to a certain extent and provides empirical research ideas for the economic growth analysis of AHS as well as effective paths for its economic development.

To realize rural revitalization, this article analyzes the trends of China’s agricultural product demand, agricultural industrial structure, and agricultural labor demand in the next 30 years, and proposes that China should insist on the development of modern smart ecological agriculture in the future. To ensure national food security and achieve sustainable development of a high-efficiency, green, and high-value agriculture, China should promote agricultural efficiency improvement, system optimization, and efficient recycling of resources. It is necessary to reconstruct four systems: innovative agricultural science and technology, modern agricultural management, socialized agricultural service, and new-era agricultural personnel systems. Biological, equipment, ecological, and information technologies should be innovated to improve the agriculture sector. Furthermore, five major projects are recommended including pilot demonstration project for modern smart ecological agriculture, modern production and living waste treatment project, high-quality development monitoring and evaluation project for the whole agricultural industry chain, planting and breeding combined project led by breeding enterprises, and agricultural and rural personnel cultivation project.

Integrated watershed management based on aquatic ecosystems has been increasingly acknowledged. Such a change in the philosophy of water environment management requires recognizing the carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems for human society from a more general perspective. The concept of the water ecological carrying capacity is therefore put forward, which considers both water resources and water environment, connects socio-economic development to aquatic ecosystems and provides strong support for integrated watershed management. In this paper, the authors proposed an ESEF-based measure of water ecological carrying capacity and constructed ESEF-based models of water ecological footprint and capacity, aiming to evaluate water ecological carrying capacity with footprint methods. A regional model of Taihu Lake Basin was constructed and applied to evaluate the water ecological carrying capacity in Changzhou City which located in the upper reaches of the basin. Results showed that human demand for water ecosystem services in this city had exceeded the supply capacity of local aquatic ecosystems and the significant gap between demand and supply had jeopardized the sustainability of local aquatic ecosystems. Considering aqua-product provision, water supply and pollutant absorption in an integrated way, the scale of population and economy aquatic ecosystems in Changzhou could bear only 54% of the current status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is to investigate social loafing in knowledge-based virtual teams. Taking social capital theory and motivation theory as research framework, the paper presented a model to explain the influence mechanism of social loafing. Both individual intrinsic motivations and circumstantial conditions were examined. Quasi-experiment and survey method among 11 teams comprised of 87 students were employed to test the model. Results demonstrate that individual's social capital significantly decreases social loafing. Individual's reputation and perceived social presence were found mediating the relationships between social capital and social loafing. Meanwhile, individual's goal striving has a significant influence on social loafing. Suggestions on team management, design of communication technologies and future research are discussed at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influences of frictional coefficient on nonlinear dynamics of face-gear transmission system, a nonlinear dynamic model with multiple degrees of freedom is presented by the method of concentrated parameters. The model includes frictional, gear clearances, general transmission error, time-varying meshing stiffness, meshing damping, brace stiffness, support damping, exciting frequency, and external load, etc. The Runge-Kutta numerical integral method used to solve the dynamic differential equations. And the bifurcation characteristics were obtained under different rotation speeds and external loads. The calculation results show that the nonlinear dynamics characteristics of face-gear transmission system contain periodic response and chaotic response, and the amplitude is increased with the frictional coefficient increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of LSB matching steganography is an important research subject in image steganalysis. This paper proposed a new steganalysis algorithm based on the neighborhood correlation of pixels. It calculated restoration image through image restoration algorithms, and then modeled the restoration image and detection image with high order Markov chain modeled. It extracted statistical features of the restoration image and the detection image according to the effect of LSB matching on empirical matrix, then trained the vector support machine with the new combined 27 dimension features. Experiment results show the proposed algorithm has a great effect on the analysis of LSB matching, especially under the condition of low embedding rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, a novel general steganalysis technique for JPEG steganography is proposed. Hilbert curve is exploited to scan block DCT coefficients. Markov model is applied to model the dependencies between DCT cofficients so as to extract intrablock and interblock transition probability matrices. The experiments on nsF5 and MB (model-based) steganography show the method can detect these steganographic methods reliably and the detection accuracy exceeds others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital steganography is an important way for secret communication, and F5 stegano-graphic algorithm proposed by Westfeld is an excellent steganography in DCT domain. The main steps of F5 steganographic algorithm is introduced, the matrix encoding and embedding process are analyzed. Its defects are pointed out and the caution is analyzed. Then the original matrix encoding of F5 steganographic algorithm is replaced by fast coding which has a lower rate of modification, and the original embedding process is also changed. Experiments show that the new improved algorithm has improvement in both security and capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the paddy fields planted with glutinous rice and hybrid rice in the traditional agricultural region in Congjiang County of Guizhou Province as the case, and by using semi-experiment combined with random sampling investigation, this paper studied the characteristics of weed community in the paddy fields under rice monoculture (R), rice-fish culture (R-F), and rice-fish-duck culture (R-F-D). Under the three rice farming systems, glutinous rice had higher capability in inhibiting weeds, compared with hybrid rice. Farming system R-F-D decreased the weed density significantly, with the control effect on Monochoia vaginalis and Rotala indica being 100%. The over- all weed-inhibiting effect of R-F-D was significantly higher than that of the other farming systems. Under R-F-D, the species richness and Shannon diversity index of weed community decreased markedly, while the Pielou evenness index increased, indicating that the species composition of weed community changed greatly, and the occurrence of native dominant weed species decreased. It was concluded that R-F-D was a feasible farming system for the control of paddy field weed community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the relationship between the DFT of probability mass function (PMF) of stegonoise and the DFT of difference histogram of cover image and stegoimage, this paper began with the difference of phase angles which were computed from the DFT of cover image and stegoimage, then extracted the feature, finally it proved and verified our theory with the experiments. The results of the experiment using the image library of UCID V2 shows that this method has a good ability to detect the original images from stegoimages which are embeded with additive model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stem photosynthesis widely presents in desert plants, which increases carbon uptake capacity. In this study, we measured the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and stems in seven desert woody plants ( Populus euphratica , Populus alba var. pyramidalis , Populus pruinose , Haloxylon ammodendron , Calligonum rubicundum , Calligonum caput-medusae , Ammopiptanthus mongolicus ) in the same habitat, using a portable Li-6400XT photosynthesis system combined with P-Chamber. We analyzed stem photosynthetic rate and its relationship with leaf photosynthetic rate. We measured the stem functional traits, including water content, stem dry matter content, chlorophyll content, water potential, non-structure carbohydrate (NSC), etc ., to find out the main affecting factors of stem photosynthesis. The results showed that stem photosynthetic rate of seven species ranged from 0.72 to 1.71 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , with the largest of P. pruinose and the smallest of H. ammodendron . Stem photosynthetic rate could offset CO 2 of stem respiration by 57%-83%. Leaf photosynthetic rate of the seven sepceis ranged from 12.80 to 22.54 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , with H. ammodendron and A. mongolicus being lower than those of the other five species. There was a significant positive correlation between leaf photosynthetic rate and stem photosynthetic rate. Stem water use efficiency was 2.2-7.7 times of the leaf. Chlorophyll content, NSC, stem respiration rate, and leaf photosynthetic rate were the main factors affecting stem photosynthesis.

Under rapid industrialization and urbanization, the conservation and management of agricultural heritage systems is facing many threats and challenges, such as the massive outflow of working labor, land abandonment, and the difficulty in maintaining traditional knowledge systems. Promoting land transfer and carrying out moderate-scale management play an active role in the conservation of agricultural heritage systems. While land transfer brings economic benefits to heritage sites, its environmental impacts to heritage sites are worthy of attention. However, empirical studies are scarce. This study took Qingtian rice-fish culture system in Zhejiang Province as an example, which was designated as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in 2005. Small farmer management model and land scale management model were distinguished, while the life cycle method was used to calculate the carbon footprints of two models. The results showed that the carbon footprints of small farmer management model and land scale management model were 6510.80 and 5917.00 kg CO 2 -eq·hm -2 , respectively, while the carbon footprints per unit output were 0.13 and 0.10 kg CO 2 -eq·yuan -1 , respectively. Compared with small farmer management model, land scale management model had lower greenhouse gas emission and lower environmental impact of per unit output. As farmers expanded the scale of land management, local greenhouse gas emissions had been reduced by 4097.20 kg CO 2 -eq. Furthermore, the accumulation of CH 4 in agricultural production accounted for the largest proportion of carbon footprint. The input of compound fertilizer among agricultural production materials was next to CH 4 accumulation, becoming the second largest source of greenhouse gas emission. Corn and wheat being used as fish feed also had a significant impact on greenhouse gas emission in small farmer management model. Therefore, the promotion of moderate scale land management is conducive to the win-win of economic and environmental benefits of traditional agricultural systems and plays an important role in the conservation of agricultural heritage systems.

Objective: To optimize the culture conditions and determine the content of polysaccharides in crown gall of Panax quinquefolium., Methods: The orthogonal design was used for the optimization of culture condition (such as media, inoculum amount, pH and the content of inorganic elements in media) and their effects on the polysaccharides content., Results: (1) The crown gall tissue could grow and produce polysaccharides in MS (Murashige & Skoog) solid medium without any hormones; (2) The time-dependent regularity of the growth amount and polysaccharides content of the crown gall tissue in MS solid medium was approached: polysaccharides content was the highest in 21 d and biomass achieved to the greatest in 24 d; (3) The polysaccharides content and growth amount were the highest when pH 5.6 of media; (4) The inoculation of 4 - 7 g (FW/flask) was comparatively advantage to the growth of the crown gall, but no effect on polysaccharides content., Conclusion: This method can be used to accumulate the high contents of polysaccharides in crown gall cultures of P. quinquefolium.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Excoecaria agallocha L., Method: The constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis., Result: Six triterpenoids including taraxerone (1), beta-amyrin acetate (2), 3beta-[(2E,4E)-6-oxo-decadienoyloxy]-olean-12-ene (3), taraxerol (4), acetylaleuritolic acid (5), and cycloart-22-ene-3beta, 25-diol (6), and three steroids including beta-sitostenone (7), (24R)-24-ethylcholesta-4,22-dien-3-one (8), and beta-sitosterol (9) were isolated and identified from the stems and twigs of the mangrove plant E. agallocha., Conclusion: Compounds 5-8 were isolated from E. agallocha for the first time.

Objective: To evaluate the value of diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia by analyzing fetal DNA in maternal plasma., Methods: Ten families were screened, the husbands being alpha-thalassemia Southeast Asia deletion (SEA alpha-thalassemia-1) heterozygotes and the pregnant women being alpha-thalassemia-2 heterozygotes. Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene scanning were used to detect the paternally inherited genotypes of SEA alpha-thalassemia-1 gene mutation and short tandem repeats (STRs) in the maternal plasma fetal DNA. The results were compared to those of conventional prenatal diagnosis of fetal DNA in amniotic fluid, chorionic villus or cord blood., Results: Paternally derived STR genotypes were detected in all specimens of plasma fetal DNA. Paternally inherited SEA alpha-thalassemia-1 gene mutation was detected in 4 cases, while the other 6 cases did not inherit the paternal mutation. The results were completely concordant with those of the conventional prenatal diagnosis., Conclusion: Noninvasive prenatal diagnostic method, the technique using fluorescent PCR and gene scanning to detect the fetal DNA and paternally inherited SEA alpha-thalassemia-1 gene mutation in maternal plasma helps exclude the fetuses with hemoglobin H diseases.

Objective: To conduct prenatal diagnosis on the couples carrying Thailand deletion (--THAI) alpha-thalassemia 1 and at high risk of having fetus with alpha-thalassemia., Methods: Genotypes of couples and fetuses were analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing., Results: Four pregnant women were patients with Hb H diseases of --THAI compounding with alpha-thalassemia 2, while their husbands were heterozygote of the Southeast Asian type alpha-thalassemia 1 (--SEA). Another 5 families, either husbands or wives were heterozygote of --THAI or --SEA. The genotypes of their fetuses were as follows: 2 cases with Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome, 1 Hb H disease, 4 alpha-thalassemia heterozygote and 2 normal. The DNA sequencing approved the PCR results., Conclusion: The study on prenatal diagnosis of Thailand deletion alpha-thalassemia 1 is of importance to the genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia.

Nanosized A2SnO4 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) : 1% Eu with diameters ranging from 50 to 100 nm were synthesized by complex sol-gel methods. The structures and spectral properties of A2SnO4 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) : Eu were studied by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and luminescence spectra. The experimental results show that Ca2SnO4 : 1% Eu exhibits bright red emission at about 615 nm under UV excitation, which makes it a possible good candidate for FED application. However Sr2SnO4 : 1% Eu and Ba2SnO4 : 1% Eu exhibit orange emission at about 590 nm because in these hosts Eu3+ ions occupy the symmetric sites.

Objective: To study the protective effect of dl-tetrahydropalmatine(dl-THP) on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CC4) in mice., Method: Mice were administracted with dl-tetrahydropalmatine ip 20, 40 mg x kg(-1) daily for 9 d respectively, and then actue liver injury model was induced by 0.1% carbon tetrachloride ip 20 mL x kg(-1). The mice were killed 17 h after injection ip of CCl4, serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) activity were measured, and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in liver were detected., Result: dl-THP significantly reduced the level of serum ALT and AST, inhibited lipoperxidation in liver, while increased SOD activity in liver tissue. Degeneration of hepatocytes was obviously prevented in mice treated with dl-THP, and the liver histological structure was well maintained., Conclusion: dl-THP has inhibitory effects on liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice. The mechanisms may be related with its effects of reducing lipid peroxidation product.

Wind erosion is one of the most important factors influencing the stability and functions of typical grassland ecosystem and one of the main reasons causing grassland degradation. In order to understand the effects of the human disturbances to the ability of anti-wind erosion of the typical grasslands, a wind tunnel experiment was made and the wind erosion rates (WER) and wind erosion amount (WEA) were selected to illustrate the effects. From the experiment, it can be found that banned-grazing reduced the WEA and the WER markedly. At the same wind speed, the longer the banned-grazing period, the less the WEA and the WER; the WEA and the WER in the grassland cultivation are more than those of the natural grasslands and the differences increase with wind speed. There exists a linear relationship between WER and the disturbance intensity. The results show that grazing and cultivation can weaken the ability of anti-wind erosion of typical grassland ecosystem, and banned-grazing can strengthen the ability. Therefore, in typical grassland areas, taking the active banned-grazing measures is the most effective approach to stop the degradation and trigger the rehabilitation of typical grassland ecosystem.

Converting degraded farmlands to forest or grass lands is the best approach to reduce the soil erosion, the Loess Plateau is faced with most serious ecological disaster. Loess Plateau located in the arid and semi-arid regions is a fragile region with the characteristics of little precipitation and intensive evapotranspiration. Therefore, water is the most important factor limiting the eco-restoration and construction of the vegetation in the region. According to the latest digital land use map and with GIS, the ecological water requirement for forests in Loess Plateau was estimated, and by the water balance of the forest ecosystem in their growing season, the ecological water shortage was calculated. The results revealed that the minimum and suitable ecological water requirement of the forests in Loess Plateau were approximately 262.49 x 10(8) m3 and 421.34 x 10(8) m3 respectively. Accordingly, if it is taken the minimum ecological water requirement as the quota, the area of forests suffered water shortage was about 7,639.09 km2, 9.1% of all, and the ecological water shortage was amounted to 4.77 x 10(8) m3; if it is taken the suitable ecological water requirement as the quota, the forest land area suffered water shortage was about 57.7% of all, and the ecological water shortage was roughly 58.55 x 10(8) m3.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: Ninety-two patients with NSCLC were randomly divided into combined treatment group (n=50) and radiotherapy group (n=42). The former group was given TCM in combination with radiotherapy, and the latter group received radiotherapy only. The adverse effects and quality-of-life (QOL) of all the patients were observed after the treatments., Results: The incidence of adverse effects was much lower in combined treatment group than in radiotherapy group, and significantly greater improvement in QOL of the patients was observed in the former group (P<0.01)., Conclusion: TCM in the combined treatment for patients with NSCLC can reduce the adverse effects of radiotherapy, and improve the life quality of the patients.