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In the daily life, we perceive the world around us by integrating multiple sensory cues (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, vestibular and proprioceptive) to create a coherent, reliable representation that allows us to interact meaningfully with the environment. The integration of different sensory information is necessary for our perception, motor transformation, decision making, learning and memory. In the past decades, many interdisciplinary researchers have been attracted to the field of multisensory research, and tremendous advances have been made in this field. We review the researches on multisensory integration during self-motion perception in the past decades from the candidate areas, the integration principles and the neural correlation of the behaviors, with the intention to provide a comprehensive source for those interested in understanding the neural substrates for multisensory integration. Meanwhile, we also provide a prospect for the future research in this field.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) complicated by viral encephalitis., Methods: Ten cases of ARN complicated by viral encephalitis were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital from November 2013 to August 2014. Clinical manifestation, especially the fundus characteristics, was summarized., Results: In the10 patients (19 eyes; 6 men and 4 women) with an age of (40.1 +/- 13.44) years, 1 patients had unilateral ARN, and 9 patients had bilateral ARN. The visual acuity was no light perception in 9 eyes, light perception to hand motion in 7 eyes, 0.05 in 1 eye, 0.2 in 1 eye, and 0.3 in 1 eye. Seven cases suffered ARN during the onset of viral encephalitis, and other cases suffered ARN at 2 to 3 months after the recovery of viral encephalitis. Seventeen eyes had mild to moderate vitreous opacity, and 2 eye shad severe vitreous opacity. Sixteen eyes had focal (1 or 2 quadrants) retinal necrosis, and 2 eyes had massive ( > 2 quadrants) retinal necrosis. Occlusive vasculitis obviously occurred in 18 eyes. Sixteen eyeshad retinal detachment. All affected eyes had early optic nerve atrophy., Conclusion: ARN can occur during the onset of viral encephalitis or after the recovery of viral encephalitis. The clinical features of ARN complicated by viral encephalitis may be generally mild to moderate vitreous opacity,small range retinal necrosis foci, early and severe optic atrophy, and occlusive retinal vasculitis.

By means of continuous visual stimulation to simulate the motion-in-depth course where object was approaching to observer gradually, we studied the event-related potentials (ERP) response in that course. This article was directed to the effect of object size factor on the ERP of motion-in-depth perception. The subjects recruited were 9 health men, aged 22-29 years. The results illustrated that, in motion-in-depth course, the main components were P80, N100, P140, N220, P300, N350, and P400. They mainly appeared in the frontal area, occipital area and occipital-parietal area; some of them showed near by the parietal-temporal or occipital-temporal area. Among these components, N220 was most closely related to the perception of motion-in-depth. From the data analysis in 500 ms, bigger object led to earlier and stronger response.

Changes of functional connectivity network of human V5 in different brain activity was investigated by combining spatial independent component analysis with temporal correlation. First, V5 was localized by performing spatial independent component analysis on the data from block design visual motion runs; then low frequency correlations between V5 and other regions were computed in two steady states (resting state and the state with continuous visual motion stimulus) to detect the functional connectivity networks. The results of experiment indicated: The functional connectivity network of V5 was more extensive and was consistent with the known anatomical connectivity during rest; when subjects were viewing motion, the network was limited in the visual cortex, suggesting that V5 was acting in concert with a network specific to the visual motion processing task.

For human beings and animals, the observer encounters the so-called optic flow during locomotion, the image motion pattern of the environment on the retina, which includes three basic modes of motion: rotation, expansion/contraction and translation. The analysis of optic flow information is vital for determining the direction and velocity of locomotion and has been a hotspot of the studies on visual information processing in recent years. In this article, some progresses in psychophysics and electrophysiology studies on optic flow are introduced and the neural mechanism of optic flow processing in mammalian brain is discussed.

Objective: To assess the change of cone's motion perception in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)., Methods: Equi-luminance random dots moving test was used to determine the change of motion perception of blue, green and red cones in 51 eyes with POAG. To isolate the three kinds of cones, the blue, green and red visual targets were displayed on the yellow, purple and blue-green background respectively., Results: The direction discrimination thresholds of motion perception from blue, green and red cones were all damaged in POAG compared to that of the normal group, and among them the blue cone was the most obviously damaged., Conclusions: These findings indicate that cone's motion perception, especially the blue cone's, may reveal pre-clinical visual nerve damage in POAG.