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The distribution of deformation and residual stress in copper/Al2O3 ceramic/stainless steel brazed joint was investigated by means of finite element numerical simulation. Brazing experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of simulation results. The results show that residual stress is mainly distributed in the joint area where the deformation is not obvious. Residual stress at the ceramic side has a significant effect on properties of the joints. The fracture tends to occur in the ceramic near stainless steel due to the mismatch of their linear expansion coefficients. The brazed joints may also crack in the ceramic at copper side when TiO reaction layer is formed, and the mechanical properties of the joint are reduced. The contribution of stress component to final residual stress was also analyzed. The tension stress generated by hoop stress and axial stress is the principle factor which decreases the properties of brazed joint. The brazing specimens mainly fracture in the ceramic side near stainless steel, and the accuracy of simulation has been proved by brazing experiments.

Boron nitride (BN) was modified by KH550 to obtain f-BN particles, and BN-HBP was obtained by hyperbranched modification of f-BN. BN-HBP was added to solvent-free epoxy coating to prepare EP/BN-HBP composite coating. The properties of EP/BN-HBP composite coatings with different additions of BN-HBP were studied. The results show that compared with unmodified h-BN, BN-HBP effectively improves the mechanical properties, volume resistivity, electrical strength and corrosion resistance of solvent-free epoxy coatings. With the increasing of BN-HBP filling amount, the volume resistivity, electrical strength and corrosion resistance of EP/BN-HBP composite coating increase first and then decrease. At 25 °C, when the addition amount of BN-HBP is 0.75%, the volume resistivity of EP/BN-HBP composite coating reach the maximum. At 100 °, when the addition amount of BN-HBP is 0.5%, the electrical strength of EP/BN-HBP composite coating reaches the maximum. When the addition amount of BN-HBP is 0.75%, the corrosion resistance of EP/BN-HBP composite coating is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of restructuring hEGF treatment for dry eye after diabetic cataract phacoemulsification. Methods Seventy-six patients with diabetic cataract (96 eyes) were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Patients in control group were given artificial tears therapy, and patients in the observation group were treated with artificial tears plus hEGF. The subjective symptom scores, tear film breakup time (BUT) measurement, Schirmer test (SIt), and corneal fluorescein staining (FL) were measured. Results The symptoms of dry eye at 1w after treatment have significant improved compared with those at 1d in both two groups (P< 0.05). There were significant differences in the symptoms of dry eye at 4w compared with those at 1w and 1d after treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the significant improvement of symptoms was found in observation group after 1w and 4w treatment (P< 0.05). In the control group, BUT at 4w was significantly improved than that at 1d and 1w (P< 0.05). In the observation group, BUT at 1w and 4w were significantly improved than that at 1d (P < 0.05). Compared with the control treatment, BUT showed significant improvement after 1w and 4w treatment in the observation group (P< 0.05) . Compared with postoperative 1d, SIt of patients showed significant improvement at 4w in the control group (P < 0.05) . In the observation group, SIt at 1w and 4w were significantly improved than that at 1d (P < 0.05) , and there was significant difference compared with the control group after 1w treatment (P < 0.05). The FL of patients at 1w and 4w after treatment have significant improved compared with that at 1d in both two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the control treatment, FL showed significant improvement at the same period in the observation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Restructuring hEGF treatment can improve dry eye symptoms in diabetes mellitus after phacoemulsification, and it is important to promote postoperative recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ammonia oxidation process driven by microorganisms is a dominant source for nitrous oxide （N 2 O） emissions. Here, we examined the influence of greenhouse vegetable planting ages on soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea （AOA） and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB）, which is of great significance for assessing the soil quality status and greenhouse gas transformations. A field study was conducted at different times （1, 5, 10, and 20 a） in greenhouse vegetable soils of Gaoyi, Hebei Province. Chemical analysis and Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing were used to analyze the soil physicochemical properties and community structures and diversity of AOA and AOB. The variation in AOA and AOB communities and the driving factors in greenhouse soils at different ages were also investigated. The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium first increased and then decreased with the prolongation of growth. The contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and electrical conductivity first decreased and then increased with the prolongation of growth. The pH value of soils decreased with the prolongation of growth. The abundance and diversity index of AOA and AOB first decreased and then increased with the prolongation of growth. Nitrososphaeria, unclassified Thaumarchaeota, and Candidatus Nitrosocaldus were the dominant species of AOA, while Betaproteobacteria and Nitrosospira were the dominant species of AOB. The composition of the soil AOA community varied greatly compared to that of AOB with the prolongation of growth. Correlation analysis showed that the changes in soil nutrient factors had a significant correlation with AOA and AOB communities. Redundancy analysis indicated that ammonium nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were key factors of AOA communities, while electrical conductivity, available potassium, and nitrate nitrogen were key factors for AOB. In summary, long-term planting of greenhouse vegetables significantly affected the abundance and composition of soil AOA and AOB communities. Our results provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the greenhouse gas transformation and microbial mechanisms of the nitrogen cycle in greenhouse soils.

Maize-soybean compound intercropping has the potential to increase yield and is being tested for spreading in Huang-Huai-hai Plain. However, the main regulatory regions of this cropping pattern on soil microbial communities have not been clarified. In the present study, the tested samples were collected from three maize root zones of bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and roots under mono- and intercropping planting modes, respectively. The non-rhizosphere soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were determined, and bacterial communities were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. Compared with monocropping, the maize bulk soil electric conductivity （EC）, soil organic matter （SOM）, available potassium （AK）, available phosphorus （AP）, total nitrogen （TN）, and enzyme activities of intercropping were significantly increased. The α diversities and β diversity of the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil were significantly different between the two planting modes. There were 11 bacteria genera with significantly higher abundance in the rhizosphere soil of compound planting than that of monoculture, and TN, AP, and catalase were the three most important factors contributing to their distribution. The abundances of 8 genera among the 11 genera mentioned above, unclassified Vicinamibacterales , unclassified Geminicoccaceae , MND1 , unclassified Gemmatimonadaceae , Acidibacter , unclassified Vicinamibacteraceae , Sphingomonas , and unclassified Comamonadaceae were significantly positively correlated with TN. As for the bacteria distribution in maize root, AK contributed the most and had a significantly negative correlation with unclassified Rhizobiaceae and unclassified Microscillaceae and a positive correlation with Haliangium . Maize-soybean compound intercropping affected mainly the bacterial community of maize rhizosphere and had an evident effect on soil fertilizer cultivation and microbial diversity regulation, which provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for rational intercropping to maintain agroecosystem biodiversity.

The objective of this study was to explore the microbial diversity and community composition under saline soil and to screen the salt-tolerant microbial flora from salinization habitats. The soil from three different habitats(primary salinization, secondary salinization, and healthy soil) in Hebei Province were sampled. The convention method and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to examine the physicochemical properties and microorganism diversity. The soil chemical properties of the three habitats were significantly different. Compared with those of field soil, the soil OM, AP, AK, TS, and EC values of greenhouse soil and TS and EC values of coastal saline soil were significantly higher. However, other chemical indexes of coastal saline soil were significantly lower. The diversity index and abundance of soil bacteria in greenhouse soil were the highest, followed by those in field soil and coastal saline soil as the lowest. The diversity index and abundance of fungi in two saline habitats were significantly lower than that in field soil. The community structure of saline soil was analyzed at the phylum and genus levels. Chloroflexi and its genera and Ascomycota and its genera, such as Trichocladium and Fusarium, were the dominant microbial groups in saline soil. EC and TS were the main factors affecting microbial diversity and community composition. EC and TS were positively correlated with unclassified&#95; A4b , unclassified&#95; Chloroflexi , unclassified&#95; α -Proteobacteria, Trichocladium , unclassified&#95; Chaetomiaceae , Crassicarpon , Cephaliophora , and Sodiomyces . The results of this study lay the foundation for future research on screening microbial resources needed for saline soil remediation.

To explore the characteristics and sources of PM 2.5 pollution in winter of Handan City in the past five years, PM 2.5 samples were collected in winter of 2016 to 2020, and eight types of water-soluble inorganic ions were analyzed. The principal component analysis(PCA) model was used to analyze the types of pollution sources, and the backward trajectory and potential source contribution factor(PSCF) were used to simulate the transport trajectory and pollution sources. The results showed that the PM 2.5 concentration in winter of 2018 was the highest, increasing by 60.44%, 25.46%, 91.43%, and 21.53% compared with that in 2016, 2017, 2019, and 2020, respectively. In the winter of 2020, the concentration of water-soluble inorganic ions(WSIIs) decreased by 18.86% compared with that in 2016, and WSIIs/PM 2.5 decreased to 26.69%. The PM 2.5 concentration(110.20-209.65 μg·m -3 ) at night was higher than that in the daytime(95.21-193.00 μg·m -3 ). The concentration of NO 3 - and NH 4 + increased more at night. On the contrary, the concentration and proportion of Cl - decreased annually. In the winter of 2020, the daytime concentrations of K + , Ca 2+ , Na + , and Mg 2+ decreased by 69.72%, 97.10%, 90.91%, and 74.51% compared with that of 2018, and the night concentrations decreased by 66.67%, 95.38%, 91.67%, and 77.78%, respectively. In 2020, the concentrations of NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , and NH 4 + on polluted days were 4.90, 5.80, and 5.20 times those on non-polluted days, with the largest increase in five years. PCA results showed that the main sources of pollution were secondary sources, coal sources, biomass combustion sources, and road and building dust. The backward trajectory and PSCF analysis results showed that pollution transport continued to exist between south-central Mongolia and central Inner Mongolia in winter and was influenced by the transport between northern Henan and Handan and central Hebei and Handan in winter of 2016 and 2017, whereas the latter had a greater impact in winter of 2018-2020.

In order to explore the chemical composition and source profiles of atmospheric particulate matter in winter in the northern area of Handan, a heavily polluted city in the southern part of North China, PM 1 and PM 2.5 samples were collected and analyzed from November 23 to December 12, 2020. During the observation period, the daily average ρ (PM 1 )and ρ (PM 2.5 ) were 114.53 μg·m -3 and 124.25 μg·m -3 , respectively, and the ratio of PM 1 /PM 2.5 was 83.3%-95.3%, which was significantly higher than those of other cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, indicating that air pollution of fine particulate matter, especially sub-micron particulate matter, was more serious in Handan. Compared with that during clean days, SNA (SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , and NH 4 + ) in PM 1 increased by 14.5% during heavy pollution, and SNA in PM 2.5 increased by 15.2%; the nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) in particular increased by three times on heavy pollution days. With the deepening of pollution, the proportion of secondary organic carbon (SOC) in PM 1 and PM 2.5 increased by 22.0% and 12.5%, respectively. SOC tended to accumulate in small particles, whereas the proportion of primary organic carbon (POC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM 1 decreased by 15.4% and 6.6%, and the POC and EC in PM 2.5 decreased by 8.2% and 4.3%, respectively. The above results indicated that secondary formation played an important role in the heavy pollution of particulate matter. With the aggravation of air pollution, the liquid water content of the particles increased, and both the sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) increased, indicating that the aqueous phase chemical reaction made an important contribution to the formation of secondary inorganics. With the deepening of pollution, inorganic elements were on the rise; Se, As, Pb, and Zn were highly enriched in inorganic elements. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that secondary formation, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and biomass burning emissions were the main sources of particulate pollutants. The results of potential source contribution factor analysis (PSCF) showed that the high value areas of SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , EC, OC, and inorganic elements were mainly from the north and southwest directions of the observation area.

Objective: To observe the efficacy difference between conventional needling depth and deep needling for dyspepsia after ischemic stroke., Methods: A total of 120 patients with dyspepsia after ischemic stroke were randomized into an observation group (60 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and a control group (60 cases, 3 cases dropped off). Basic treatment was given in the both groups. In the observation group, deep needling was applied at Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) and Liangmen (ST 21) for 60-70 mm, after even reinforcing-reducing manipulation of lifting-thrusting technique, the needles were withdrew to 35-50 mm. In the control group, the same acupoints as the observation group were selected and punctured for 25 mm. The needles were retained for 30 min, once a day, 6 times a week for 2 weeks in the both groups. The dyspepsia TCM symptom score was observed before treatment, 1 day and 1, 2 weeks into treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated 2 weeks into treatment in the both groups., Results: The effective rate was 92.9% (52/56) in the observation group, which was superior to 78.9% (45/57) in the control group ( P <0.01). Compared before treatment, the total scores and sub-item scores of dyspepsia TCM symptom of 1, 2 weeks into treatment were decreased in the both groups ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The total scores and abdominal fullness scores of dyspepsia TCM symptom of each time point into treatment and hiccup score of 2 weeks into treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The total scores of dyspepsia TCM symptom 1, 2 weeks into treatment in the mild patients and each time point into treatment in the moderate patients of the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.01)., Conclusion: Conventional needling depth and deep needling can both improve the clinical symptoms in patients with dyspepsia after ischemic stroke, and deep needling has faster and better efficacy.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of different needling depth for benign prostatic hyperplasia., Methods: A total of 70 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomized into an elongated needle group (35 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a filiform needle group (35 cases, 2 cases dropped off). Basic treatment combined with acupuncture were adopted in both groups, acupuncture was applied at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Shuidao (ST 28), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3), Zhigou (TE 6). In the elongated needle group, acupuncture was performed at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Shuidao (ST 28) by elongated needle, the needling depth was 60-73 mm. In the filiform needle group, acupuncture was performed at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Shuidao (ST 28) by filiform needle, the needling depth was 25-30 mm. The treatment was given once a day (except Sunday), 2 weeks as one course, 1 course was required in both groups. Before and after treatment, the international prostate symptom score(IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score and prostate volume were observed in the two groups, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated., Results: Compared before treatment, the IPSS and QOL scores after 1, 2-week treatment were reduced ( P <0.01), and the IPSS and QOL scores after 2-week treatment were lower than those after 1-week treatment in the two groups ( P <0.01); the IPSS and QOL scores after 2-week treatment in the elongated needle group were lower than the filiform needle group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). After 2-week treatment, the prostate volume was reduced in the two groups ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The total effective rate was 91.2% (31/34) in the elongated needle group, which was superior to 72.7% (24/33) in the filiform needle group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Both elongated needle and filiform needle can improve the symptom and quality of life in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and elongated needle has the better therapeutic effect.

Objective: Whether statins can slow down the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of statin therapy on disease progression in adult patients with CKD who did not require dialysis therapy., Methods: We searched the electronic databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published by February 2015. Random-effects meta-analysis of RCTs was used to pool the renal outcomes of the patients., Results: Twenty-eight studies (30 RCTs) involving a total of 45 688 participants were included in the analysis. Compared with the control groups, statins produced no effects in preventing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [relative risks (RR) 0.98, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.91-1.05] and in reducing the risk of doubling of the serum creatinine level (RR 1.43, 95% CI: 0.26-7.79). Statin therapy was associated with a lowered risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction by 25% or more (RR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99) and delayed the reduction of eGFR [standardized mean differences (SMD) 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02-0.07]. In subgroup analyses, the benefit of statins on changes in eGFR was statistically significant in patients with moderate CKD (SMD 0.09, 95% CI 0.04-0.13). Among different statins, atorvastatin was associated with a beneficial effect on kidney function (SMD 0.10, 95% CI 0.03-0.17). Patients who received high-intensity statin therapy showed significant changes in eGFR (SMD 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.21)., Conclusion: Statin therapies may not prevent ESRD or doubling of serum creatinine level, but can improve GFR or delay the reduction of GFR in CKD patients. The therapeutic effects are associated with the patients' baseline eGFR levels, statin types and therapy intensity.

Human xanthine oxidase is considered to be a target for therapy of hyperuricemia. Cichorium intybus is a Chinese plant medicine which widely used in Xinjiang against various diseases. In order to screen the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from C. intybus and to explore main pharmacological actions of cichory a compound collection of C. intybus was built via consulting related references about chemical research on cichory. The three-dimensional crystal structure of xanthine oxidase (PDB code: 1N5X) from Protein Data Bank was downloaded.. Autodock 4.2 was employed to screen the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from cichory 70 compounds were found to possess quite low binding free energy comparing with TEI (febuxostat). C. intybus contains constituents possessing potential inhibitive activity against xanthine oxidase. It can explain the main pharmacological actions of cichory which can significantly lower the level of serum uric acid.

Medicinal values and their chemical bases of Paris (Trilliaceae) are reviewed. Paris plants include 40 species and varieties. Among them, 18 ones are medicinal plants with similarity in traditional uses. Fourteen species have been studied phytochemically, which led to isolation of 207 compounds including 121 steroidal saponins. These saponins are major active constituents from Paris plants, which can explain the traditional uses of the plants to treat cancer, malignant boil, bleeding, gastritis, and so on. The similarity in medicinal uses and chemical constituents of Paris plants implies the possibility of resource substitution among these species. It is worth to further investigate Paris plants in chemical constituents, pharmacological activity, biological property, and toxicology.

Objective: To observe the effect of nitrotyrosine on renal expressions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN)., Methods: Rat DN models established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) were randomly allocated into model group, nitrotyrosine group and ebselen group, with untreated rats as the normal control group. The rats were given the corresponding drugs for 8 weeks, and after the last administration, the 24-h urinary protein level was measured and the kidneys of the rats were harvested for detecting the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB, MCP-1 and TGF-β1 with immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. The pathological changes of the kidneys were assessed microscopically., Results: Compared with those in the model group, the 24-h urinary protein level and expressions of NF-κB, MCP-1 and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in the renal tissues were significantly increased by nitrotyrosine treatment, which also caused worsened renal pathology, while treatment with ebselen significantly ameliorated these changes., Conclusion: Nitrotyrosine can up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB, MCP-1 and TGF-β1 and aggravate the inflammatory reaction in the renal tissue of DN rats to promote the progression of DN.

Magnetic carbon nanoparticles with core/shell structure (Fe3C/Fe@C) and large surface areas were synthesized via hydrothermal method followed with heat treatment under N2 atmosphere. The adsorbent has strongly magnetic cores and graphitized carbon shell. The removal efficiency of chlortetracycline (CTC) from aquatic environment by Fe3C/Fe@C was investigated. The results showed that Fe3C/Fe@C exhibited ultrahigh adsorption ability to CTC. The adsorption behavior of CTC on FeC/Fe@C fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 24 h. The adsorption ability of CTC increased with solution pH at pH 3.5-7.5, but decreased with further increase of pH (pH 7.5-8.5). CTC adsorption decreased with solution temperature and increased with ionic strength. As the concentration of coexisting humic acid in solution ranged in 10-50 mg x L(-1), the adsorption ability of CTC on Fe3C/Fe@C was only decreased by 10%-20%. Under the optimal conditions (pH = 7.5, T = 293 K), the maximum adsorption capacity of CTC on Fe3C/Fe@C calculated by Langmuir was 909 mg x g(-1), which was significantly higher than those obtained on sediment or minerals. More importantly, Fe3C/Fe@C adsorbed with CTC can be collected from water sample under a magnetic field rapidly for special disposal, which avoids secondary pollution of water. These results indicate that Fe3C/Fe@C is a potentially efficient, green adsorbent for removal of tetracycline antibiotics from aquatic environment.

The degradation of norfloxacin in aquatic environment was studied in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and H2O2. The effects of solution pH, temperature, dose of catalysts and concentration of H2O2 on norfloxacin degradation were surveyed. The degradation behaviors of different substrates by nano-Fe3O4/H2O2 were investigated and the reaction mechanism of norfloxacin was discussed. The results showed that the reaction was strongly pH-dependent and favored in acidic solution (pH = 3.5). The removal efficiency of norfloxacin was enhanced with the increase of temperature, catalysts dosage and H2O2 concentration. The degradation efficiency of norfloxacin by nano-Fe3O4/H2O2 was significantly higher than those of sulfathiazole, phenolic and aniline compounds. In the presence of 4.4 mmol x L(-1) of H2O2, 0.80 g x L(-1) of Fe3O4 and T = 303 K, norfloxacin was degraded completely in 5 min. The F element in norfloxacin molecule existed totally as F(-) in solution within 5 min, and the removal efficiency of total organic carbon was 57% in 1 h. In the ESR spectrum of nano-Fe3O4/H2O2 system, the characteristic peaks of BMPO-*OH adduct was detected, however, the intensity of the peaks was reduced to 5% with the addition of tert-butanol, a strong *OH scavenger, and the degradation efficiency of norfloxacin was correspondingly decreased to 10% in 1 h. These results indicated that *OH played an important role on norfloxacin degradation, and the reaction proceeded based on a heterogeneous Fenton-like system.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology, peritoneal dialysis (PD) related complications and survival outcomes of 236 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in our center from January, 2004 to November, 2009., Methods: The data including patient gender, age, time of PD initiation, addresses, types of medical reimbursement, primary diseases, modes of PD catheter placement surgery, types of PD catheter, PD-related complications, and time of drop out were retrospectively analyzed. PD catheter migration rate, peritonitis rate, drop out rate (DOR), length of the time of PD therapy (TOT), and survival rate were calculated and compared with those of patients in other PD centers., Results: The number of newly introduced patients increased gradually in the years from 2004 to 2009. The mean age of newly introduced patients was 47-/+16 years, and patients with age below 60 years accounted for 77.96%. Patients who paid for their own expenses accounted for 67.37% of all, and the rate of these patients decreased gradually. Similar to that in Asian-Pacific region, chronic glomerulonephritis was the most frequent cause of ESRD followed by diabetic nephropathy. The number of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or obstructive nephropathy as the primary diseases was greater in this center than that reported in the Asian-Pacific region, accounting for 54.66% and 11.02% of all patients, respectively. In contrast, the patients with diabetic nephropathy or benign arteriolar renal sclerosis were less, accounting for 12.29% and 10.17% of all, respectively. PD catheter migration rate (8.05%) and peritonitis rate (1:44.22 patient-months) were both lower than those reported. The patient survival rates at 1, 2, 3 years were 83.65%, 51.59% and 29.81%, respectively, lower than those of other centers in the developed countries but higher than the mean levels in China. DOR decreased gradually to 11.56% in 2009, and TOT increased to 23.61 months., Conclusion: The above characteristics of the patients are related to many factors, including the "PD first" principle, high prevalence of urinary calculosis in the primary source regions of most patients, preventive partial omentum resection in some patients, education and follow-up for patients, and increased expense cover by medical insurance.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Shenkangwan on the expressions of angiotensin II (AngII) and its type I receptor (AT(1)R) and the renalprotection mechanism of Shenkangwan in rats with early diabetic nephropathy (DN)., Methods: The rat models of DN established by a single injection of streptozotocin were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely the model group, Shenkangwan treatment group, irbesartan treatment group, and Shenkangwan and irbesartan treatment group, with normal rats as the control. All the rats received daily gavage for 8 weeks. The urinary protein quality in 24 h and plasma and renal contents of AngII were measured. The expressions of AT1R at the protein and mRNA levels in the kidney tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The pathological changes of the kidney were observed microscopically., Results: In DN rats, Shenkangwan reduced the urinary protein quantity in 24 h and the contents of AngII in the plasma and kidney tissues, decreased the renal expressions of AT(1)R protein and mRNA, and alleviated the morphological damage of the kidney., Conclusions: Shenkangwan offers renalprotection against DN probably by reducing the contents of AngII in the plasma and kidney tissues and inhibiting renal AT(1)R expressions.

Objective: To identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors of frequent peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in the peritonitis patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in our hospital. Frequent PD-related peritonitis was defined by two or more onsets in one year, and the patients with only one onset served as the control group. The clinical and laboratory data of the two groups were compared and the risk factors of PD-related peritonitis analyzed., Results: Forty-four episodes of peritonitis were recorded in the 16 patients with frequent PD-related peritonitis, as compared to 53 episodes in the 45 control patients. Compared with those in the control group, the patients with frequent peritonitis had significantly higher blood pressure (P0.05). Variables identified to be associated with an increased likelihood of frequent PD-related peritonitis included hemoglobulin<70 g/L (OR=0.135, P

Objective: To investigate the effect of irbesartan on the renal expressions of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGEs) in rats with early diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the renoprotection mechanism of irbesartan., Methods: Rat DN models established by a single injection of streptozotocin were randomly divided into the model group and irbesartan treatment group. With normal rats as the control, all the rats received daily gavage for 8 weeks. The 24-h urinary protein excretion and contents of AGEs in the serum and kidney tissues were measured. The expressions of RAGEs and RAGEs protein and mRNA in the kidney tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The pathological changes of the kidney were also assessed microscopically., Results: Irbesartan significantly reduced the 24-h urinary protein excretion and the contents of AGEs in the serum and kidney tissues of DN rats, resulting also in decreased expressions of RAGEs and RAGEs protein and mRNA levels in the kidney. The treatment obviously alleviated the pathological changes in the kidney of the DN rats., Conclusion: Irbesartan offers renoprotection against DN possibly by reducing the serum and renal contents of AGEs and inhibiting the renal mRNA expressions of RAGEs and RAGEs.

Objective: To investigate the expression of Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the relationship between cox-2, mismatch repair gene (MMR) proteins and microsatellite instability (MSI) in HNPCC., Methods: Twenty-eight cases of adenomas and 14 cases of carcinomas were collected from 33 HNPCC families patients by colonoscopy. Sporadic adenomas (n = 32) and carcinomas (n = 24) were used as a control group. The expressions of COX-2 and mismatch repair gene hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6 proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry. MS1 were analyzed by using PCR with BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250 loci., Results: The COX-2 high-expression rates were 53.6% (15/28) and 42.9% (6/14) in HNPCC adenomas and carcinomas, and were 62.5% (20/32) and 91.7% (22/24) in sporadic adenomas and carcinomas. COX-2 expression was lower in HNPCC carcinomas than that of sporadic carcinomas (P < 0.05). MMR deficiency rate and positive rate of MSI-H were both 71.4% (10/14) respectively in HNPCC carcinomas. It was higher than that in sporadic colorectal carcinomas [both 12.5% (3/24)]. Eight (80.0%) COX-2 low-expression were observed in 10 HNPCC carcinomas with MMR-deficient system while 4 cox-2 high-expression cases were observed in 4 HNPCC carcinomas with MMR-proficient system. COX-2 expression was lower in HNPCC carcinomas and adenomas, sporadic carcinomas with MMR-deficient system than that of MMR-proficient (P < 0.05). The COX-2 low-expression rates were 80.0% (8/10), 66.7% (12/18) and 66.7% (2/3) in HNPCC adenomas, HNPCC carcinomas and sporadic carcinomas with MSI-H. Cox-2 expression was lower in HNPCC and sporadic carcinomas (adenocarcinomas) with MSI-H than that of MSS (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Compared with sporadic carcinomas, the COX-2 expression was lower in HNPCC carcinomas. There was negative correlation between COX-2 expression and MMR-deficient (MSI-H). The detection of COX-2, MMR protein and MSI is of important significance in further studying the pathogenesis and interventional therapy of colorectal neoplasms.

Objective: To investigate the mutations of the mismatch repair genes hMLH1 and hMSH2 in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)., Methods: The DNA samples of 76 probands of HNPCC families underwent PCR amplification and sequencing on 35 exons in hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes., Results: (1) The overall mutation rate of the hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes was 33% (25/76). (2) 22 mutations were found, 16 in the hMLH1 gene and 6 in the hMSH2 gene. (3) The spectrum of mutation type included frame shift, nonsense, splice site, and missense mutations. Missense mutation was the most common mutation type., Conclusion: The hMLH1 and hMSH2 mutations in Chinese HNPCC families show a wide spectrum. It seems that hMLH1 gene is involved more frequently than hMSH2 gene. A certain number of HNPCC families can be benefited from the genetic screening for mutation of the mismatch repair genes.

Objective: To probe into the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Shuigou (GV 26) on mild and moderate shock., Methods: With 3-center randomized control study method, 276 cases were assigned to an EA plus medicine group and a medication group, 138 cases in each group. They were treated respectively with western medicine plus EA at Shuigou (GV 26), and simple western medicine. Their curative effects were observed after treatment for 6 hours., Results: The blood pressure was immediately increased in the EA plus medicine group and the increase of blood pressure was earlier than that in the medication group (P<0.001). The markedly effective rate of 52.9% in the EA plus medicine group was significantly higher than 18.1% in the medication group (P<0.001)., Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of EA at Shuigou (GV 26) plus western medicine on mild and moderate shock is better than that of simple western medicine.

Objective: To identify and classify six isolates of swine-originated Trichinella from China., Methods: Five specific pairs of primers were synthesized based on DNA sequence of expansion segment V region and internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of ribosomal DNA repeat from Trichinella. International reference strains of five Trichinella species [Trichinella spiralis (T1), T. nativa (T2), T. britovi (T3), T. pseudospiralis (T4) and T. nelsoni (T7)] were used as control. Six swine Trichinella isolates from Henan, Yunnan, Harbin, Tongjiang of Heilongjiang, Hubei and Tianjin were identified by multiplex PCR and its effecting factors of PCR amplification were observed., Results: Electrophoresis results of multiplex PCR products of Trichinella larvae showed that the band (173 bp) of the six isolates was the same as T. spiralis (T1). The specific band (173 bp) was detected by multiplex PCR through amplification from issues of single T. spiralis larva, the larvae conserved in 80% ethanol for 6 months, the larvae stored in 10% formaldehyde, in 0.05% formaldehyde, 0.2% sodium azide or 0.05% merthiotate for 2 weeks, or fresh mouse muscle with larvae., Conclusion: All the six swine Trichinella isolates are identified as T. spiralis (T1) by multiplex PCR.

Seventy male mice (Kunming strain) were randomly divided into 7 groups (10 mice per group), each mouse was orally inoculated with 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5 or 3 muscle stage larvae of Trichinella spiralis, respectively. All infected mice were sacrificed 6 weeks post-inoculation, number of larvae per gram (LPG) of diaphragm were counted by compression method (trichinelloscopy), the carcass was digested by artificial digestion method and LPG was counted. The larval detection rate by trichinelloscopy and digestion method was 100% (10/10) in all mice infected with 30, 25, 20, 15 or 10 larvae, but 70% (7/10) and 100% in mice infected with 5 larvae, respectively. No larva was found by either method in mice infected with 3 larvae. There is a positive correlation between the larval burden (of diaphragm and muscle) and the infecting dose (r = 0.759, P < 0.05; r = 0.638, P < 0.05), and the minimum infection dose to a mouse is 5 larvae.

In this paper, the methanol- and water extracts of Sophora alopecuroids were applied respectively with emamectin, to study their effects on the growth, development, and fecundity of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. The results showed that the oral toxicity of the mixtures to the 3rd larvae of P. xylostella was much higher than that of emamectin, with the medium lethal concentration (LC50) of methanol extract plus emamectin, water extract plus emamectin, and emamectin being 0.19, 0.32 and 0.51 mg L(-1), respectively. The pupated percentage, emergence percentage, and fecundity of P. xylotella were obviously negatively affected after treated the 3rd larvae with sub-lethal dosage of the mixtures and emamectin.

By using isolation and culture method, 25 strains of dominant bacteria in Ageratina adenophora rhizosphere soil were isolated and identified, of which, 8 strains were assessed for their antagonistic activity. The results showed that Bacillus and Pseudomonas were highly abundant in A. adenophora rhizosphere soil, of which, B. subtilis and B. megaterium were most abundant and occupied 55.6% of the total identified bacteria. These dominant bacteria had different level antagonistic activity to Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstonia solanacearum, and B. subtilis BS-5 and B. thuringiensis BT-1 had the strongest antagonistic effect on F. oxysporum, with the antagonistic activity of their metabolic products being 85.5% and 83.8%, respectively. The metabolic products of the dominant antagonistic bacteria had even more stronger antagonistic effect on pathogens than the dominant antagonistic bacteria themselves. The existence of abundant bacterial groups with strong antagonistic activity in A. adenophora rhizosphere soil could help A. adenophora to resist harmful soil-borne diseases and escape its natural enemies. Through the feedback actions of the beneficial rhizosphere microbes, A. adenophora probably earned its competition superiority directly or indirectly, being favorable to its rapid expansion.

To clarify the function mechanism of antisense-thioredoxin s (anti-trxs) gene in transgenic wheat, the expression pattern of endogenous trxh gene in transgenic line 01TY70-1-17-5 and non-transgenic cultivar 'Yumai 70' were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR using wheat actin gene as the endogenous control. The results of analysis of transgenic and non-transgenic seeds in different maturation periods, different tissues and different germinating processes indicated that the mRNA transcript amounts of trxh gene in transgenic line seed were lowered distinctly, though the trxh gene mRNA transcript level varied greatly in different developing and germination stages. The mRNA transcript amounts of trxh gene in transgenic line seed were significantly lower than the control seeds by 20.1% 15-30 d after anthesis. The lowest mRNA transcript amount of trxh gene appeared at 25 day after fluorescence and the difference was significant at the 0.05 level. The analysis of gene expression in different tissues also indicated that the transcript levels of trxh gene in transgenic seed were significantly lower than control seeds in 25 d and 30 d after anthesis. The lowest amounts of mRNA transcript of trxh gene was from the endosperm 25 d after anthesis followed by embryo and then by whole seed. During seed germination, the mRNA transcript amounts of trxh gene in transgenic seed were lower than control seed after imbibing 24 h, but the difference was not significant. The above result demonstrated that foreign antisense trxs gene directly interferes with the expression of the endogenous gene.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture at Zhongwan (CV 12) for treatment of peptic ulcer., Methods: Two hundred and seventy-six cases enrolled were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a control group, 138 cases in the acupuncture group were treated with deep needling at Zhongwan (CV 12) with a long needle, and 138 cases in the control group were treated with climetidine. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by clinical symptoms and gastroscopy. They were investigated for 6 weeks., Results: The acupuncture group was better than the control group in rapid alleviation of stomachache and improvement of appetite (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 90.6% in the acupuncture group and 88.4% in the control group with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The symptoms improved significantly in the two groups (P < 0.01), but with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the therapeutic effect of gastroscopy (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Acupuncture at Zhongwan (CV 12) has a reliable therapeutic effect on peptic ulcer.

Objective: To use the snail survey data of Yugan, Jiangxi Province as an example to evaluate the effects and advantages of global positioning system integrated with digital maps and remote sensing data in order to manage and analyze the whole country's surveillance data of schistosomiasis by using geographic information system., Methods: The data of geographic information and snail information of 20 marshlands in Yugan, Jiangxi Province were collected, and by the correction of remote sensing images based on the digital maps and index extraction, the snail current situation and trend were analyzed and expressed., Results: A series of specific procedure images of these 20 marshlands was established and the effects of Yugan surveillance platform based on geographic information system were validated., Conclusion: The whole country's surveillance data of schistosomiasis might be successfully integrated with geographic information system by global positioning system and be managed and expressed, which supplies a successful platform in using the surveillance data effectively.

In this study, using ethylene carbonate and ethanolamine, we synthesized a novel diol chain-extender, bis-hydroxylethyl carbomate (EC-AE), which contains carbomate structure. The polyurethanes, PUA25 and PUB25, with different extenders, EC-AE and BDO, were synthesized by one-step polymerization, respectively. Their structures were characterized by using FT-IR and DSC. The results indicated that the microphase separation degree of PUA25 was less than that of PUB25, in other words, the amount of hydrogen bonding between hard segments and soft segments in PUA25 was superior to that in PUB25. And the formation of physically crosslinked hydrogels prepared by PUA25 and PUB25 were studied in detail. It was found that only PUA25 can form hydrogel in situ from solution state by cooling. And this kind of hydrogels showed the transition cycle of "gel-sol-gel" under "cooling-heating-cooling" thermal cycles, respectively. The results suggested that the physically crosslinked polyurethane hydrogels were easily possessed in high degree of phase mixing.

Background & Objective: Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1(LRIG1)is a kind of transmembrane glycoprotein,which is induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF),and develops inhibitory negative feedback by specific binding with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This research was to explore the molecular mechanism of LRIG1 inhibiting EGFR signal pathway., Methods: Plasmid p3XFLAG-CMV9-LRIG1 was transfected into neuroglioma cell line H4. Changes of LRIG1 and EGFR expression at mRNA and protein levels were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Changes of cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry methods., Results: LRIG1 mRNA level in p3XFLAG-CMV9-LRIG1 transfected H4 cells (1.997+/-0.114) was significantly higher than that in control H4 cells (0.500+/-0.031),and p3XFLAG-CMV9 transfected group (0.357+/-0.035) (P< 0.001). LRIG1 protein level in p3XFLAG-CMV9-LRIG1 transfected H4 cells (1.790+/-0.119) was significantly higher than that in control H4 cells (0.717+/-0.038, P< 0.001), and p3XFLAG-CMV9 transfected H4 cells (0.930+/-0.076, P=0.001). EGFR mRNA level in p3XFLAG-CMV9-LRIG1 transfected H4 cells (0.463+/-0.033) was significantly lower than that in control H4 cells (1.157+/-0.067, P< 0.001), and p3XFLAG-CMV9 transfected H4 cells (0.933+/-0.058, P=0.002). EGFR protein level in p3XFLAG-CMV9-LRIG1 transfected H4 cells (0.703+/-0.067) was significantly lower than that in control H4 cells (1.280+/-0.078, P=0.003),and p3XFLAG-CMV9 transfected H4 cells (1.163+/-0.068,P=0.009). Apoptosis rate in LRIG1-transfected H4 cells (18.89%)was lower than that in control H4 cells (3.11%), and vector-transfected H4 cells (5.42%, P< 0.001)., Conclusion: LRIG1 participates in construction of negative feedback loop of EGFR, which may inhibits growth of glioma cells.

Objective: To explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and iron status using serum ferritin (SF) as a marker for total iron and to identify the related factors of iron nutritional status among preschool children., Methods: By cluster sampling, we recruited 475 preschool children aged 2 to 7 years. A structured questionnaire and diet form were sent to the parents of these children to obtain related information about the socioeconomic level and dietary intakes. After collecting blood samples, the following indexes were measured. Hp IgG antibodies were measured with a dot enzyme-linked immunoassay; hemoglobin, Hct, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell distribution width index (RDW) with automatic Complete Blood Count; SF with an immunoradiometric assay. Stool Hp antigen and occult bleeding were measured with ELISA among individuals who were Hp seropositive. Hp status was defined as positive when both serum and stool antigen tests were positive, Hp status was defined as negative when serum antigen test was negative; 24-hour weighting and recording methods were used to dietary survey for three days in May and December 2001, respectively, dietary intakes including energy, protein and micronutrient were calculated using nursery school nutrition software and evaluated by Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Mann-Whitney test was used to compare mean ranks of SF in Hp-positive and Hp-negative children. To obtain an adjusted estimate of the impact of Hp infection on SF, a multivariate analysis of covariance was done to evaluate the different level of SF between Hp infected and non-infected status. The relationship between iron deficiency and gender, age, socioeconomic condition, iron intake, and calcium intake was assessed by univariate analysis. An unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed. Iron deficiency status was dichotomized and placed as the dependent variable. Hp infection status was incorporated together with possible confounding factors as independent variables in a final logistic regression model. All the data were managed by EPI Info 5.01a and analyzed by SAS (Version 6.12)., Results: Totally 64 children were diagnosed as Hp-positive and 305 as Hp-negative. Mann-Whitney test and multivariate analysis of covariance both showed that SF concentration was significantly lower in Hp infected individuals than non-infected individuals. Adjusted mean level and 95% confidence interval of SF in infected and non-infected children was 23.62 microg/L (7.13 microg/L-78.26 microg/L), 33.48 microg/L (10.28 microg/L-109.06 microg/L), respectively. The relationship between Hp infection and iron deficiency status persisted in logistic regression analysis after adjusting for possible confounding factors (OR: 7.95; 95% CI 2.56 - 24.67)., Conclusion: Iron nutritional status was reduced in Hp infected preschool children. Hp infection appears to be an independent risk factor or an added stressor on iron status among preschool children.