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The quantity of human intestinal microbiota is large and diverse, its changes with age. Intestinal microbiota is closely related to the frailty of the elderly, and can be potential risk factor in the occurrence and development of frailty with different mechanisms. Therefore, the study of the relationship between frailty and intestinal microbiota in elderly patients is of great significance to the regulation of intestinal microbiota in elderly patients with frailty, so that the elderly at risk of frailty can get timely and necessary intervention and help.

Through books, museums, auctions and other channels collected statistics of 52 cases of furniture with one leg and three teeth structural components, according to the shape, one leg and three teeth structural components were divided into A type, B type and C type. The purpose of classification was to better explore the relationship among different components, the different types of construction rules, construction principles and the meaning of the craftsman were analyzed. After investigation, it was concluded that the construction principle of one leg and three teeth parts in furniture was to stress, strengthen and stabilize, and followed the physical and mechanical properties of wood. In addition, the aesthetic connotation, the stitching art and the mortise and tenon structure of one leg and three teeth structural components were summarized. The research results were helpful to deepen the understanding of the one leg and three teeth structural components, and provided new ideas for the study of the structural parts of furniture in Ming and Qing dynasties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By exploring the variation rules of methane production and methanogenic bacteria diversity in different lactation stages of high and low producing dairy cows, the experiment revealed the reasons for the difference in methane production between high and low-yielding dairy cows from the perspective of changes in rumen microbial flora structure, and analyzed the correlation between the relative abundance of methanogenic bacteria and methane production, milk yield and milk quality. A two-factor design was used in the experiment. A total of 36 Holstein cows with good health, similar weight, parity and feeding management conditions were selected. According to the lactation performance (high-yielding, low-yielding) and lactation stage (early stage, middle stage and late stage), they were divided into the high-yielding pre-lactation group, high-yielding mid-lactation group, high-yielding late lactation group, low-yielding pre-lactation group, low-yielding mid-lactation group, and low-yielding late lactation group, with six cows in each group. All cows were fed the same fully mixed diet. A methane production prediction model was used to calculate the methane production, and the diversity of rumen methanogens was determined by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the methane production of the high-yielding cows was significantly lower than that of the low-yielding cows (P<0.05), and the methane production of cows in early lactation was significantly higher than that in the middle and late lactation (P<0.05). The Shannon index of rumen methanogens in the high-yielding dairy cows was significantly lower than that in the low-yielding dairy cows (P<0.05), while the Ace index, Chao index, and Simpson index were not significantly different from those of low-yielding dairy cows (P>0.05). The relative abundance of Methanosphaera in the rumen of the high-yielding dairy cows was significantly higher than that of the low-yielding dairy cows (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter in the rumen of the high-yielding dairy cows was significantly lower than that of the low-yielding dairy cows (P<0.05). The relative abundance of rumen Methanosphaera in the early and middle lactation period was significantly higher than that in the late lactation period (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter in the late lactation period was significantly higher than that in the early and middle lactation period (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Methanosphaera in the rumen of the dairy cows was negatively correlated with methane production and milk fat percentage (P<0.05), and positively correlated with milk yield (P<0.05). The study indicates that the methane production and relative abundance of the rumen Methanobrevibacter in the high-yielding cows are lower than those in the low-yielding cows, and the methane production in the early lactation is higher than that in the middle and late lactation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, low molecular weight phenolic resin was used as the main body, and melamine formaldehyde urea resin was added into the blending impregnation modified floor board. The optimal preparation process of melamine formaldehyde urea resin blending modified phenolic resin (modified phenolic resin A) and the optimal impregnation process parameters of light-colored no-paint floor were studied. The results showed that: when the ratio of melamine formaldehyde urea resin was 40%, the molar ratio of melamine urea was 1:1, and the molar ratio of phenol formaldehyde was 1:2, the modified phenolic resin A was prepared. After impregnation, the whiteness value was reduced to 4.3. Compared with the non-impregnated floor sheet, the hardness of the modified phenolic resin A impregnated floor sheet increased by 78%, compared with the traditional phenolic resin impregnated floor sheet increased by 45%. The surface wear resistance of modified phenolic resin A was 37.5% higher than that of traditional phenolic resin. All of the above conformed to requirements of the GB/T 18103--2013 "Solid Wood Composite Flooring". Through the modification of the floor table board, the surface color of the floor table board was lighter, and the wear resistance was better. Meanwhile, the spraying paint process could be removed, which simplified the three-layer solid wood composite floor preparation process and reduced the cost. The results were of great significance for guiding the actual production of the factory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For problems that loading value is not accurate, overloading or loss of load usually happens in railway loading system by use of manual or semi-automatic control method in coal mine, the paper introduced a design scheme of automatic control system of railway loading based on PLC and upper computer. The control system adopts S7 series PLC as controller to control winch of railway, coal feeder and belt conveyor, and can send data to upper computer to complete and monitor operation of the whole loading system.

A field experiment with different nitrogen fertilization rates and mitigation measures was conducted in an open-ground vegetable field on the North China Plain to investigate the effects of nitrogen application level and management practices on ammonia volatilization and N2O emission. Reducing the nitrogen fertilization rate by 20% and by 50% decreased ammonia volatilization by 25.7% and 48.0%, respectively, during the spring-sowed cucumber growth period. Amendment with combined inhibitors and biochar decreased ammonia volatilization loss by 10.0% and 6.1%, respectively. Reducing nitrogen fertilization rate by 20% and 50% decreased N2O emission by 28.8% and 61.0% during the spring-sowed cucumber growth period. Addition of combined inhibitors decreased N2O emission by 58.9%, while it was increased by 14.1% with biochar addition. Under the same application method of banding application, replacing 30% nitrogen fertilizer with organic manure did not show any significant mitigation for ammonia volatilization and N2O emission. For the intensively managed vegetable fields, reducing the nitrogen application rate appropriately was the most effective measure to reduce ammonia volatilization and N2O emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid and accurate measurement of LAI is of great importance for the research of ecological processes. Photos from typical land use types in the northern Loess Plateau, including Caragana, Salix, alfalfa, wild grass, soybean and maize, were measured by digital hemispherical photography (DHP). Meanwhile, photos were daily taken by video camera with fisheye lens and the pictures were analyzed by image processing software to obtain the dynamics of LAI in soybean, maize and Caragana fields. The results showed that a linear correlation existed between the LAI measured by DHP and LAI-2200. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.85 (P<0.05) and root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.256. The key parameters of professional software were affected by the local solar radiation. When the downward lens was used, the green index was the key parameter which increased with the increase of solar radiation. However, the brightness index decreased with the increase of solar radiation when the lens was upward. Through the adjustment of the key parameters, the results of LAI of maize, soybean, and Caragana were consistent with the LAI-2200 results, well reflecting LAI dynamics during the plant growth. The downward lens in Caragana field was better. The fisheye camera could be used for monitoring the dynamic LAI of different vegetations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The old-growth, multiple ages, multispecies natural forest has played an important role in terrestrial ecosystem dynamics model and the global carbon budget. However, carbon fluxes of old forests in subtropical regions are rarely reported in China. In the present study, the CO2 flux of an old-growth subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest was observed using -eddy-covariance technique in Tianmu Mountain of Zhejiang Province. Based on the data sets which were observed from July 2013 to June 2014, the variations of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (Re), and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) were analyzed. The results showed that during the study period, the monthly NEE all had a negative value (acted as a carbon sink) except for December and February (acted as a carbon source). The average monthly NEE was -61.52 g C·m-2, the monthly carbon sequestration showed a double-peak curve and the maximum carbon sink was -149.40 g C·m-2, which occurred in June, while the maximum carbon source was 23.45 g C·m-2, which occurred in February. The maximum of monthly mean CO2 flux occurred in June with a value of -0.98 mg·m-2·s-1, while the minimum value occurred in December with a value of -0.35 mg·m-2·s-1. The NEE at the time point of positive and negative conversion had typical seasonal characteristics. The yearly NEE, Re, and GEE were -738.18, 931.05 and -1669.23 g C·m-2, respectively. Compared with other forest ecosystems located at the similar latitude, the carbon fixation of the old-growth forest was larger, likely due to its complicated structure within the canopy and the presence of young-growth regeneration and successional stands. This showed that other than in carbon neutral, old-growth forests of Tianmu Mountain in subtropical China had a strong capability in carbon sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the community of soil microorganisms, enzyme activity and soil nutrients under 11-, 20-, 34-and 47-year-old Larix kaempferi plantations in mountainous region of eastern Liaoning Province to discuss the soil biological properties of L. kaempferi plantations of different stand ages and their relationships with soil nutrients. The results showed that the indexes reflecting soil microorganisms, enzyme activity and soil nutrients of L. kaempferi plantations were the highest under the 11- or 47- year-old stand and the lowest in the 20- or 34-year-old stand. Soil productivity appeared in a decline trend with the increasing stand age, and the changes of soil microbial community structure and enzyme activity were responsive to soil degradation. The difference of fungi community was more noticeable than that of bacteria community among the plantations with different stand ages. The results of CCA showed soil nutrient and pH had no effect on seasonal difference of community structure, but had effects on community structure among different stand ages. The total N, organic carbon, C/ N, available nitrogen, exchangeable Mg2+ and pH had greater effects on bacteria community, while available P, total K and pH had greater effect on fungi community among different age forests. The main T-RFs of bacteria and fungi had higher correlation with N and P, and the fungi community had higher correlation with organic carbon and K than bacteria community. The microorganism community of the 11- and 47-year-old stands had greater correlation with soil nutrients and enzyme activity than that of 20- and 34-year-old stands. Consequently, soil organisms, in particular soil fungi, could be used to indicate soil degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For protecting sensitive files stored on the flash-based storage devices, this paper presented a file hiding method based on the redundant blocks. Based on analyzing the characteristics of NAND-type fash and the file management mechanism of FAT32 file system, the method made the redundant physical blocks organic combination to store sensitive files, and restored the original files by similar method to hiding. Experimental results show that the file hiding method based on the redundant blocks does not take up the flash effective space, has the characteristics of high concealment, strong robustness, considerable hiding capacity, and can effectively resist the evidence-taken attack of software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For protecting sensitive data stored on computer disks, this paper presented a data hiding method based on disk slack space. Based on analyzing disk partitioning scheme and file management mechanism of cluster-based file system, it made dispersed file-cluster slack spaces organic combination to store sensitive data, and maintained data which was used to restore the original data by using data structure which was stored in partitioning-scheme slack spaces. Experimental results show that data hiding method based on disk slack space does not take up the file system effective space, has characteristics of high concealment, low system overhead, positive correlation between hiding capacity and overall number of files within file system, and anti-interference performance is susceptible to the stability of host files. Moreover, hiding capacity will be very considerable when overall number of files is large, and anti-interference performance can be improved by selecting host files with good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All 396 Prunus padus individuals of the population with DBH ( diameter at breast height) ≥1 cm were sampled in a 25 hm² broadleaved Korean pine forest plot of Changbai Mountains and divided into three DBH classes: 1-3 cm, 3-10 cm, and >10 cm. They were then genotyped using microsatellite loci. The spatial autocorrelation of their genetic structure was analyzed at different distance classes and life stages. The results showed that positive autocorrelation mainly occurred at scales less than 70 m, while negative autocorrelation occurred at scales larger than 110 m. The spatial genetic structure (SGS) at different life stages was similar due to limited pollen/ seed dispersal and asexual reproduction. No significant self-thinning occurred in the studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify and characterize the pathogen causing sesame southern blight, the pathogen was isolated and its pathogenicity to sesame plants was confirmed based on IKochs postulates. Pathogen identification was carried out based on morphological characteristics and ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer ( rDNA - ITS) sequences. Partial biological characteristics of the pathogen were tested in vitro. The pathogen causing sesame southern blight was identified as Athelia rofsii ( anamorph: Sclerotium rofiii) . The temperatures suitable for its growth were 22 to 34°C with the optimum temperature at 31°C. A. rofsii grew well at a pH range of 4. 0 to 9. 0 with the optimum pH at 6. 5 to 7. 0, indicating that slight acidic to neutral environment was more suitable for vegetative growth of the pathogen. The pathogen could utilize all of the 13 tested carbon sources for its vegetative growth. However, no sclerotia were developed on the media containing each of the seven substances ( soluble starch, saccharose, glucose, maltose, D - fructose, L - arabinose and inulin) as a carbon source and nitrate as the nitrogen source. A. rollsii could produce sclerotia on the media containing glucose as a carbon source and ammonium salt as the nitrogen source. More A. rolfsii sclerotia with larger size developed on natural media than on synthetic media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on elastic-plastic mechanics and dynamic finite-element theory, the management method of dynamic array and dynamic address is proposed. According to spalling failure criteria, spalling damage elements are confirmed in good time and finite element computational domains are changed. Accordingly, degrees of freedom, A array and correlative addresses are changed. Numerical simulation of spalling damage effect of protective structure under explosion loading is carried out. On the basis of RSEAP program and the method above mentioned, a new computational program is programmed for the simulation of spalling damage. Numerical simulation of explosion spalling damage of typical reinforced concrete is accomplished by the agency of the new computational program. The simulation results showed a good agreement with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare the young permanent teeth enamel demineralization after immersion in different kinds of soft drinks; to compare the degree of enamel demineralization caused by the different immersion time and frequency of beverages. METHODS: The change of young permanent teeth enamel surface microhardness was measured by a leitzs microhardness tester. The change of calcium and phosphate in the different drinks after immersion of the enamel was analyzed by Roche Biochemical analyzer. Two-way ANOVA in SPSS 15.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS : The dissolution of calcium and phosphate in young permanent teeth enamel was caused by all kinds of soft drinks the surface microhardness of enamel was decreased by these drinks. There were great significant differences in the demineralization abilities among different beverages (P<0.05).The enamel demineralization was increased when prolonging the immersion time and frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The enamel demineralization can be caused by orange juice and carbonic acid drinks. The enamel remineralization can be increased by tea drink, which is an ideal healthy beverage. Supported by Excellent Middle-aged Science Foundation of School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Grant No.040407). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the monitoring data of five pollutants in 168 key cities under air pollution prevention and control in China from 2015 to 2020, using the MAKESENS model and the aggregate risk index(ARI), this study quantitatively analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollution and health risks in China and the six urban agglomerations. The results showed that:① PM 2.5 pollution was the most serious pollution in Chinese key cities. Only 15% of the cities' six-year average concentrations of PM 2.5 reached the National Secondary Standard, followed by that of NO 2 ; 77% of the cities' six-year average concentrations of NO 2 reached the National Secondary Standard. The urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei plain had the most serious air pollution, and the six-year average concentrations of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , CO, and NO 2 were higher than those of other urban agglomerations. ② The concentrations of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , CO, and NO 2 in key cities of China showed a decreasing trend, whereas the concentration of O 3 in other urban agglomerations showed an increasing trend, except in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. The concentration of SO 2 in the urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei plain changed the most significantly. ③ The health risk of air pollution in the key cities of China generally showed a decreasing trend, with a sharp decline from 2017 to 2018, and the population exposed to extremely high risks dropped from 160 million to 32.54 million. The urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River had the most significant decline in health risks, whereas the key cities in China faced higher health risks in spring and winter seasons. ④ The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei plain urban agglomerations had the highest health risks, and the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River had the lowest; O 3 gradually replaced PM 2.5 as the main pollutant affecting the health risk. These results can provide a reference for evaluating the effectiveness of urban air pollution control in China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.

Objective: To explore clinical effect of open reduction and internal fixation with Henry's approach butterfly plate in treating double-column Die-punch fractures of distal radius., Methods: From January 2018 to June 2021, 26 patients with double-column Die-column distal radius were treated with open reduction and internal fixation through Henry's surgical approach and using distal radius volar column plate(butterfly plate), including 14 males and 12 females, aged from 20 to 75 years old with an average age of (44.2±3.4) years old. Postopertaive complications were observed, Gartland-Werley score at 12 months after opertaion was used to evaluate wrist joint function., Results: All 26 patients were followed up from 10 to 18 months with an average of(13.4±0.8) months. All fractures were obtained fracture union, the time ranged from 8.5 to 15.8 weeks with an average of (11.4±0.5) weeks. All incisions healed at stageⅠwithout infection, nerve injury and internal fixation failure occurred. Postoperative Gartland-Werley score at 12 months was (3.65±0.36), and 16 patients got excellent result, 8 good and 2 moderate., Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation with butterfly plate for the treatment of double-column Die-punch fractures of the distal radius through volar Henry approach could obtain satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Based on the monitoring data of PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations in 333 cities in China from 2015 to 2020, using spatial clustering, trend analysis, and the geographical gravity model, this study quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of PM 2.5 -O 3 compound pollution concentrations and its spatiotemporal dynamic evolution pattern in major cities in China. The results showed that:① there was a synergistic change in PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations. When ρ (PM 2.5 &#95;mean) ≤ 85 μg·m -3 , for every 10 μg·m -3 increase in ρ (PM 2.5 &#95;mean), the peak of the mean value of ρ (O 3 &#95;perc90) increased by 9.98 μg·m -3 . When ρ (PM 2.5 &#95;mean) exceeded the national Grade II standards of (35±10) μg·m -3 , the peak of the mean value of ρ (O 3 &#95;perc90) increased the fastest, with an average growth rate of 11.81%. In the past six years, on average, 74.97% of Chinese cities with compound pollution had a ρ (PM 2.5 &#95;mean) in the range of 45 to 85 μg·m -3 . When ρ (PM 2.5 &#95;mean)>85 μg·m -3 , the mean value of ρ (O 3 &#95;perc90) showed a significant decreased trend. ② The spatial clustering pattern of PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations in Chinese cities was similar, and hot spots of the six-year mean values of ρ (PM 2.5 &#95;mean) and ρ (O 3 &#95;perc90) were distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and other cities in the Shanxi, Henan, and Anhui provinces. ③ The number of cities with PM 2.5 -O 3 compound pollution showed an interannual variation trend of increasing first (2015-2018) and then decreasing (2018-2020) and a seasonal trend of gradually decreasing from spring to winter. Further, the compound pollution phenomenon mainly occurred in the warm season (April to October). ④ The spatial distribution of PM 2.5 -O 3 compound polluted cities was changing from dispersion to aggregation. From 2015 to 2017, the compound polluted areas spread from the eastern coastal areas to the central and western regions of China, and by 2017, a large-scale polluted area centered on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, the Central Plains urban agglomeration, and surrounding areas was formed. ⑤ The migration directions of PM 2.5 and O 3 concentration centers were similar, and there were obvious trends of moving westward and northward. The problem of high-concentration compound pollution was concentrated and highlighted in cities in central and northern China. In addition, since 2017, the distance between the centers of gravity of PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations in the compound polluted areas had been significantly reduced, with a reduction of nearly 50%.

The aim of the present study was to explore the changes in some functional connectivity in the resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) based functional brain network of depressed college students, and to understand the brain regions involved in the onset of depression and the electrophysiological activity of subcortical nerve cells, hoping to provide additional information for the diagnosis of depression. Twenty female college students with depressive symptoms were selected according to the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The EEG information of 20 female college students under resting-state was collected by using a 32-conduction EEG acquisition system (Neuroscan). Then Pearson correlation analysis, coherence analysis, phase locking value analysis, phase lag index analysis and weighted phase lag index analysis were used to construct the resting-state brain functional network. The results showed that, compared with the normal group, the depression group exhibited significantly increased correlation in θ and β bands of EEG (P < 0.05), and extremely significantly increased in α band (P < 0.01). Among them, the coherence in α and β bands was significantly increased (P < 0.05), mainly concentrated in the left hemisphere frontal lobe and temporal lobe region. The phase locking value in θ, α and β bands was significantly increased (P < 0.05), mainly concentrated in the prefrontal region and the left hemisphere from the frontal region to the temporal region, and the connectivity in α band was the most obvious. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between indicators of differential functional connectivity (coherence and phase locking value) and BDI-II scores in the depression group, and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve indicated a high specificity of 85% for the differential indicators. These results suggest that the abnormal brain function of the depressed college students is related to the change of functional connectivity in the left hemisphere, especially α frequency band in the frontal region, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of depression in the future.

Objective: To explore the prognostic factors of adult ventricle glioma (AVG) and to construct and evaluate a survival-related prognostic nomogram model, which could provide further reference for the clinical management of AVG patients., Methods: The patients covered in the study were selected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (1973-2016). They all had definite histological diagnosis of AVG. They were assigned randomly to the training cohort and the validation cohort by random number table at a 2/1 ratio. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox regression analysis was employed to determine the independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Then, integrating the basic characteristics of patients, the survival-related nomogram predictive model for OS and CSS in the training cohort was constructed, respectively. After that, internal cross validation and external validation of the model were carried out with the training cohort and the validation cohort in succession. The authenticity and reliability of the nomogram model were evaluated by calculating the concordance index (C-index). Calibration plots were constructed to assess the agreement between the predicted values and the observed values in the training cohort and the validation cohort., Results: A total of 369 AVG patients, including 218 males and 151 females, were included. The median age of the patients was 53. According to the WHO classification of gliomas, 66 (17.9%) patients had grade Ⅱ gliomas, 73 (19.8%) had grade Ⅲ gliomas, and 230 (62.3%) had grade Ⅳ gliomas. Regarding the extent of resection (EOR), 59 (16.0%) had gross total resection (GTR) and 145 (39.3%) had subtotal resection (STR) or partial resection (PR). Of all the patients, 167 (45.3%) received postoperative radiotherapy and 143 (38.8%) received postoperative chemotherapy. Patients were randomized into the training cohort ( n =246) and the validation cohort ( n =123), and there was no significant difference ( P >0.05) in the basic clinical characteristics between the training cohort and the validation cohort. In the training cohort, Cox regression analysis revealed that the independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS included age≥65, grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ according to the WHO classification of gliomas, and not receiving radiotherapy. Furthermore, 5 variables, including age, gender, WHO grades, surgery, and radiotherapy, were used to construct the nomogram model for predicting 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year OS and CSS. The results of internal cross validation in the training cohort showed that the C-indexes of OS and CSS were 0.758 and 0.765, respectively. The external validation results of the validation cohort showed that the C-indexes of OS and CSS were 0.733 and 0.719, respectively. Calibration plots for 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year OS in the training cohort showed relatively good agreement, while in the validation cohort the agreement was relatively low. The 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year CSS calibration plots had results similar to the calibration plots of OS., Conclusion: This nomogram predictive model of OS and CSS showed moderately reliable predictive performance, providing helpful reference information for clinicians to make quick and simple assessment of the survival probability of AVG patients., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To analyze the results of percutaneous core needle biopsy for bone tumors in upper limbs with pathologic fracture and to find the possible factors that could impact the results., Methods: The including criteria for this study was the patients who had received percutaneous core needle biopsy and definitive surgery, whose tumor was located at upper limb with pathologic fracture. From January 2015 to December 2019, seventy-seven patients were enrolled. There were 55 males and 22 females. The median age was 27 years old (range:5 to 88 years old). The tumor located at humerus in 67 cases, radius in 8 cases and ulna in 2 cases. If the pathologic diagnosis of core needle biopsy was the same with the definitive surgery, it was defined as "correct". If the pathologic diagnosis of biopsy for benign or malignant was right but the exact diagnostic name was not the same with definitive surgery, it was defined as "supportive". If the pathologic diagnosis of biopsy for benign or malignant was not correct, it was defined as "wrong". We retrospectively analyzed the accuracy and impact factors for core needle biopsy., Results: The result was "correct" in 63 cases(81.8%), "supportive" in 14 cases(18.2%), and "wrong" in 0 cases. We analyzed the gender, age, location, fracture displacement, the destroyed type for bone tumor, soft tissue mass, fluid area in the tumor as the factors. The results showed the rate for "correct" was significantly higher when the tumor had soft tissue mass ( P < 0.05) and lower when the fluid area existed inside the tumor ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The accuracy of percutaneous core needle biopsy for upper limb bone tumor with pathologic is high and acceptable. The biopsy chosen the soft tissue mass area can increase the accuracy.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of medicinal penetration on acupoint combined with medication for histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) of heat-toxin syndrome, and to explore the methods of improving the clinical effect., Methods: A total of 72 cases with HNL with heat-toxin syndrome were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 36 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of prednisone tablets for 40 days (first 5 days: 10 mg, three times a day; since then, reduced by 5 mg every 7 days). In the observation group, on the basis of the medication in the control group, the patients were treated with acupoint application and ultrasonic drug penetration therapy, once a day for 14 days. The acupoints of Waiguan (TE 5), Fengchi (GB 20) of affected side and ashi points were selected. The changes of target lymph node swelling, visual analogue score (VAS), axillary temperature and total score of symptoms and signs were evaluated before treatment and 7, 14, 28 and 40 d into treatment; the changes of white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated on 14 d and 40 d into treatment; the patients were followed-up for half a year., Results: ① Fourteen days into treatment, the clinical cured rate in the observation group was 38.9% (14/36), which was superior to 16.7% (6/36) in the control group ( P <0.01); the clinical cured rates were both 100% in the two groups on 40 d into treatment. ② The VAS score, axillary temperature and the total score 7 d into treatment, as well as node swelling, VAS score, axillary temperature and the total score 14, 28 and 40 d into treatment in the two groups were significantly improved ( P <0.01); the total score and VAS score of 7 d into treatment, target lymph node swelling, VAS score and total score of 14 d into treatment in the observation group were significantly improved than those in the control group ( P <0.01). ③ Compared before treatment, WBC, CRP, ESR in the two groups were significantly improved 14 d and 40 d into treatment ( P <0.01), and LDH in the two groups were decreased 40 d into treatment ( P <0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05). ④ The recurrence rate in the observation group was 5.6% (2/36), which was similar to 16.7% (6/36) in the control group ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: The medicinal penetration on acupoint as adjunctive treatment could effectively relieve the discomfort symptoms of HNL patients with syndrome of heat and toxin, improve the clinical cured rate, and provide the research direction for shortening the course of medication.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of early postpartum urinary incontinence in parturients from Chengdu, and to find out the high-risk factors for reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment., Methods: A total of 9 918 parturient women who gave delivery at the West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2014 to January 2018 were enrolled and reviewed 6 weeks after delivery. The prevalence of urinary incontinence at 6 weeks postpartum was investigated by questionnaire. χ 2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prevalence., Results: 9 550 parturient women were actually investigated. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 15.53% (1 483/9 550) at 6 weeks postpartum in Chengdu, among which stress urinary incontinence was the most common (73.03%, 1 083/1 483). Univariate analysis showed that age, pelvic surgery history, prenatal body mass index (BMI), urinary incontinence during pregnancy, neonatal body mass, the number of parturition, delivery mode, lateral perineal incision, perineal laceration and prolonged second stage of labor were all correlated with the occurrence of urinary incontinence at 6 weeks postpartum ( P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cesarean section can reduce the risk of urinary incontinence compared with vaginal delivery 〔odds ratio ( OR )=0.373, P < 0.001〕. Age≥35 yr. ( OR =1.803, P =0.001), pelvic surgery history ( OR =1.260, P =0.003), BMI≥28 kg/m 2 during pregnancy ( OR =1.694, P =0.025), urinary incontinence during pregnancy ( OR =2.605, P < 0.001), neonatal body mass ≥4 kg ( OR =2.307, P =0.040), multipara ( OR =1.284, P =0.023) and perineal laceration ( OR =1.372, P =0.035) were independent risk factors for urinary incontinence at 6 weeks postpartum., Conclusions: Urinary incontinence at 6 weeks postpartum is not rare in Chengdu, and stress urinary incontinence is more frequent. Eutocia, elderly parturient, multipara, pelvic surgery history, prenatal obesity, urinary incontinence during pregnancy, large neonatal body mass and perineal laceration are the main risk factors for urinary incontinence at 6 weeks postpartum., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

Objective: To investigate the role of the serum inhibin B (INHB) level in evaluating the testicular function of the prepubertal patient with varicocele (VC) after high ligation of the spermatic vein (HLSV)., Methods: This study included 31 prepubertal male patients with left VC, averaging 12.55 years of age and 9 complicated by right VC. We collected peripheral blood samples before and at 4, 12 and 26 weeks after HLSV as well as spermatic venous blood samples intraoperatively for determination of the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), anti-sperm antibody (AsAb) and serum INHB by ELISA., Results: Compared with the baseline, statistically significant differences were observed in the INHB level in the peripheral blood at 12 and 26 weeks after operation (［255.18 ± 69.97］ vs ［141.78 ± 59.82］ pg/ml, P < 0.05) and that in the spermatic venous blood intraoperatively (［255.18 ± 69.97］ vs ［412.44 ± 259.42］ pg/ml, P < 0.01). Spearman's analysis showed a negative correlation between the level of INHB and that of FSH (r = －0.224, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: The level of serum INHB in the peripheral blood of the prepubertal VC patient is decreased within 6 months after HLSV and negatively correlated with that of FSH. The levels of INHB and FSH may well reflect the testicular function of the prepubertal VC patient.

Objective: To determine the effect of cellular density on the separation and identification of cancer stem cells from human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line ES-2 and adenocarcinoma cell line A2780., Methods: ES-2 and A2780 cells were cultured with human recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bovine serum albumin and insulin in serum free medium. The cancer stem cells were obtained through serial passages. Changes in cell morphology,expressions of surface marker CD133 and CD44,and soft AGAR clone forming in the stem cells were examined under different cell density,either in serum-supplemented medium (SSM group) or in serum free medium (SFM group)., Results: Under the density of 2×10 4 mL -1 ,ES-2 cells survived in SFM,but did not form stem cells. When the density increased to 5×10 4 mL -1 or 1×10 5 mL -1 ,ES-2 cells survived in SFM,proliferated and formed stem cells. Compared with adherent cells,the suspension globe of stem cells expressed high levels of CD133 and CD44 ( P <0.05),with proliferation and clone forming ability after serial passages. The stem cell balls under the density of 5×10 4 mL -1 had stronger ability of tumor formation. A2780 cells formed suspension globe under the density of 1×10 4 mL -1 and 3×10 4 mL -1 ,but larger and more transparent balls were observed under the density of 3×10 4 mL -1 density. No suspension globe was formed under the density of 5×10 4 mL -1 . More CD133 + /CD44 + cells were detected by flow cytometry under the density of 3×10 4 mL -1 ,compared with that under the density of 1×10 4 mL -1 ( P <0.05). Tumor stem cells grew faster under the density of 3×10 4 mL -1 ., Conclusion: The optimal density for identifying stem cells from human ovarian cancer is 5×10 4 mL -1 for ES-2 and 3×10 4 mL -1 for A2780,respectively.

In current scenario,the soil pollution has become very severe and its effects on agricultural and ecological security issues cannot be ignored as various contaminants are discharged into soil.Thus,the soil pollution is exigent and has to be solved.This research took soil resistance (Rt),resilience (Rl) and stability (Sb) as evaluation indexes for judging soil quality by exerting different concentration (concentration ratio) gradient of pyrene (PYR),cadmium (Cd) and pyrene/cadmium (PYR/Cd) combined pollutants.A sympathetic description was showed from the aspects of microbial activity,diversity and abundance of soil ecosystem,and the models were constructed to describe the dose-response relationship between PYR-Sb and Cd-Rt.The research showed that different types of pollutants had certain inhibition on soil DOC content.In Cd and PYR simplex pollution,soil microbial mean biomass and colony number decreased with increasing concentration of pollutants.In PYR/Cd combined pollution,the ratio of PYR and Cd had a negative correlation with the decreasing rate of DOC and resistance,meanwhile Cd had a prominent influence on the above-mentioned correlations,in other words,the soil with higher concentration of Cd had lower DOC decrease rate and resistance,and Cd would have dominant inhibition effect on microorganisms under PYR/Cd combined pollution.In addition,this study found the significant correlation of c PYR -Sb and c Cd -Rt,and built the binomial forecasting model to describe the dose-response relationship of c PYR -Sb and c Cd -Rt.

Objective: To investigate the in vitro effects of different culture systems on hematopoietic differentiation ability of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells., Method: Two culture systems including E8 and mTESR(freeder-free medium), and the classical ES culture medium were chosen for culture of iPS cells. The iPS cells maintaining in above mentioning culcure systems were co-cultured with OP9 cells(murine bone marrow stromal cells) in vitro to be induced to differentiate into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of specific hematopoietic markers and the effects of different culture systems on the differentiation of iPS in vitro., Result: iPS cultured in the 3 selected medium could be differentiated into hematopoietic stem cells. Efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation was up to 28.4% in classical ES culture system, which was significantly higher than that in E8 and mTESR system., Conclusion: Under the co-culture with OP9, iPS can differentiate into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which shows higher efficiency when iPS maintained in the ES medium.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical effect and implementation method of mandibular molar implantation using a CT machine combined with Simplant software so as to provide a safer and more reliable method for preoperative preparation of mandibular molar implantation., Methods: CT/cone-beam CT (CBCT) examinations were applied among 10 cases selected into the study. The Simplant software was used to measure the distances between implantation point center and superior wall of inferior alveolar nerve canal (H1), buccolingual diameter (H2), mesiodistal diameter (H3), ginginal thickness(H4) and occlusal distance (H5). Simplant software was also applied to calculate the bone mineral density of implantation areas and trace the inferior alveolar nerve canal., Results: H1 was between 10.7 mm-17.6 mm, H3 was between 5.4mm-8.3mm.The 10 selected cases undertook implantations according to the results of simulation and all of them succeed after a one year's clinical follow-up., Conclusions: According to its accuracy in measuring data of the implantation area, Simplant software can be routinely used in preoperative preparation of mandibular molar implantation, which will make the process safer and more controllable.

Flesh browning mostly happens in plum fruit during the post-harvest storage period, which is an important factor affecting the storage quality of plum fruits. Traditional methods used to discriminate plum browning involve the destruction of the intact fruit, which are highly subjective and error-prone. Therefore, the near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique was applied to achieve rapid and non-destructive identification of plum browning and non-browning in this paper. The near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of 124 plum samples were collected in the band number of 4 000~12 500 cm-1. These samples were classified into two groups, browning (n=70) and non-browning (n=54). In order to find a new way to effectively discriminate plum fruits with flesh browning, three qualitative identification methods: the qualitative test, Mahalanobis distances discriminate analysis (DA) and Back Propagation-artificial neural networks (BP-ANN) were used to compare their capacity of recognizing browning plums and non-browning oneswhile the last two approaches were based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method. These results showed that DA and BP-ANN could be used to conctruct effective classification models for identifying plum browning, and the first ten principal components extracted from original spectra were applied as input variables to build DA and BP-ANN models. The optimal method was obtained with BP-ANN, which gained an accuracy of 100% for calibration set and 97.56% for prediction set, and the identification accuracy rate reached 100% and 98.57% for non-browning samples and browning ones, respectively. It could be concluded that NIR spectroscopy technique combined with chemometrics methods has great potential to recognize plums of browning and non-browning rapidly, non-destructively and effectively.

The carbon flux of subtropical bamboo forest ecosystem was continuously measured using eddy covariance technique in Anji County of Zhejiang Province, China. The monthly net ecosystem productivity (NEP), ecosystem respiration (Re) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) data from 2011 to 2013 were selected to analyze the impacts of seasonal high temperature and drought on the carbon flux of bamboo forest ecosystem. The results showed that there were big differences among annual NEP of bamboo forest from 2011 to 2013. Because of the asynchronization of precipitation and heat, the seasonal high temperature and drought in July and August of 2013 caused significant decline in NEP by 59.9% and 80.0% when compared with the same months in 2011. Correlation analysis of the NEP, Re, GEP and environmental factors suggested that the atmosphere temperatures were significantly correlated with Re and GEP in 2011 and 2013 (P<0.05). However, to air and soil moisture, Re and GEP had different responses, that was, GEP was more vulnerable by the decrease of the soil moisture compared with Re. Besides, the raising of saturation vapour pressure promoted the Re modestly but inhibited the GEP, which was supposed to be the main reason for NEP decrease of bamboo forest ecosystem in Anji, from July to August in 2013.

The old-growth, multiple ages, multispecies natural forest has played an important role in terrestrial ecosystem dynamics model and the global carbon budget. However, carbon fluxes of old forests in subtropical regions are rarely reported in China. In the present study, the CO₂ flux of an old-growth subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest was observed using eddy covariance technique in Tianmu Mountain of Zhejiang Province. Based on the data sets which were observed from July 2013 to June 2014, the variations of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), eco-system respiration (Re), and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) were analyzed. The results showed that during the study period, the monthly NEE all had a negative value (acted as a carbon sink) except for December and February (acted as a carbon source). The average monthly NEE was -61.52 g C · m⁻², the monthly carbon sequestration showed a double-peak curve and the maximum carbon sink was -149.40 g C · m⁻², which occurred in June while the maximum carbon source was 23.45 g C · m⁻², which occurred in February. The maximum of monthly mean CO₂ flux occurred in June with a value of -0.98 mg · m⁻² · s⁻¹, while the minimum value occurred in December with a value of -0.35 mg · m⁻² · s⁻¹. The NEE at the time point of positive and negative conversion had typical seasonal characteristics. The yearly NEE, Re, and GEE were -738.18, 931.05 and -1669.23 g C · m⁻², respectively. Compared with other forest ecosystems located at the similar latitude, the carbon fixation of the old-growth forest was larger, likely due to its complicated structure within the canopy and the presence of young-growth regeneration and successional stands. This showed that other than in carbon neutral, old-growth forests of Tianmu Mountain in subtropical China had a strong capability in carbon sequestration.

Ojective: To construct the engineering bacteria with recombinant plasmid expressing the multi-epitope vaccine which composed of Helicobacter pylori urea membrane channel protein (UreI), Helicobacter pylori urease B subunit (UreB) and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), and then to study it's microbiological characteristics., Methods: The sequence contains some dominant epitopes of Helicobacter pylori UreI and UreB was designed, and ctB was added at the N-terminal, all the sequence were linked by flexible linkers. Codon optimization was done according to Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3) bias, the optimized sequence was designated BIB. BIB sequence was synthesized and cloned into plasmid pET28a(+). The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The recombinant protein BIB was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and analyzed by Western blot., Results: The plasmid of pET28a(+)/BIB was constructed successfully, confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The recombinant protein BIB with relative molecular mass about 33 x 10(3) could be produced by E. coli BL21 (DE3) and was detected by Western blot. The relative molecular mass and N-terminal amino acid sequence of BIB were 100% identity with the design., Conclution: The engineering bacteria with recombinant plasmid expressing the multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori was constructed successfully. The recombinant protein BIB can be identified by anti-Sydney strain 1 of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori SS1) polyclonal antibody and anti-CTB monoclonal antibody, which demonstrated that BIB has the expected antigenicity.

Objective: To observe the vestibular dysfunction in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) patients without vertigo., Methods: Forty-two cases of unilateral SSHL without vertigo were enrolled in the study from May 2012 to May 2014. All patients underwent air conducted sound elicited oVEMP and cVEMP respectively. Some of them also received caloric test. Sixty-two SSHL patients with vertigo and twenty-five age-and gender-matched normal subjects were recruited as controls to analyze the vestibular dysfunction in SSHL patients without. vertigo., Results: Abnormal oVEMP was observed in 54. 8% affected ears without vertigo (23/42), 64. 5% ears with vertigo (40/62), and 26. 0% normal ears (13/50). Abnormal cVEMP was observed in 52. 4% affected ears without vertigo (22/42), 48. 4% ears with vertigo (30/62), and 14. 0% normal ears (7/50). Caloric test was operated in 21 SSHL patients without vertigo and 29 patients with vertigo. Abnormal caloric test was observed in 52.4% (11/21) SSHL patients without vertigo and 75. 9% (22/29) SSHL patients with vertigo respectively. Statistical significance was found in oVEMP and cVEMP rates between SSHL without vertigo and normal group (P<0. 01). However, no significant statistical difference was found in oVEMP, cVEMP rates and caloric test between SSHL without vertigo and SSHL with vertigo group (P>0. 05)., Conclusion: Vestibular function could be damaged in SSHL patients without vertigo. The abnormal rates of oVEMP, cVEMP and caloric test in SSHL patients without vertigo were similar to that of SSHL patients with vertigo. The appearance of vertigo might be irrelevant to the range and extent of vestibular dysfunction.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes and multiple infections with different cervical precancerous diseases., Methods: Retrospective study was done to review 1 226 patients with different cervical lesions who were pathologically diagnosed and scanned for HPV 23 subtypes with positive results from June 2006 to May 2012. These patients were divided into the following groups, chronic cervicitis, cervical condyloma, cervical intraepithelium neoplasia grade I (CIN I), grade II (CIN II), grade III (CINIII)., Results: There were significant differences in the proportion of HPV low risk types and high risk types between cervicitis, condyloma, CIN I group and CIN II + III groups (P<0. 05). HPV low risk types in condyloma group were mainly 6 and 11 subtype, while the other four groups were 42 and 43 subtype. The four most prevalence high risk types were 58, 16, 52,18 subtype. The infection rates of HPV16 were significant different in cervicitis (11. 0%), CIN II (20. 3%), and CIN III (20. 2%)(P<0. 01), and the infection rates of HPV58 was quite different between cervicitis (15. 9%) and CIN II (21. 4%) (P<0. 05). HPV multiple infection rate in condyloma (68. 8%) was significant different from that of cervicitis (23. 1%), CINI (26. 1%), CIN II (27. 8%) and CIN III (27. 1%) (P<0. 01); while the rest four groups were not significantly different (P>0. 05)., Conclusion: There is a unique epidemiologic characteristic of HPV infection in Sichuan Province. The HPV low risk types were mainly 42 and 43, and high risk types were mainly 58, 16, 52, 18. It seems that HPV multiple infection is not the leading cause of progression of cervical disease.

Objective: To explore the risk factors for residual/recurrent disease of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and the timing point for postoperative follow-up., Methods: 428 patients with CIN 2 or CIN 3 who were treated with LEEP were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative follow-up was performed by Pap smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) hybrid capture 2 (HC2) testing. The definition of persistent/recurrent disease was biopsy-proven CIN 2 or worse., Results: 296 patients were CIN 2 and 132 were CIN 3 among 428 patients. The positive rate of HPV HC2 before LEEP was 86.7% (371/428). During follow-up, 26 patients (6.1%) had residual/recurrent disease, the positive LEEP margin, especially the cone top status, was a significant risk factor for persistent/recurrent disease. Other factors such as age, HPV viral load [> or =100 relative light units (RLU)], and HPV typing (type 16/18 vs. other types) did not predict recurrence. HPV HC2 test at 3 months after LEEP can find all the residual/recurrent disease, the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the HPV HC2 test for residual/recurrent disease were both 100% at 3 and 6 months., Conclusion: The positive margin of LEEP specimen especially the cone top status was a significant risk factor for residual/recurrent disease after LEEP. HPV test at 3 months during follow-up can offer timely information about residual/recurrent disease and help for the risk control in treatment selection.

Objective: To generate systemic expression human cellular glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) (198Leu) transgenic mice model in order to investigate the functional variants in GPx-1 gene in oxidative stress-related diseases., Methods: After linearization with BamnH I and Acc I, the transgenic construct GPx-1 (198Leu) was microinjected into the zygotes of C57BL/6J mice to generate transgenic mice, whose genotype was detected by PCR with specific primers. The GPx-1 gene expression profile was determined by Western blotting., Results: 13 transgenic founder mice were successfully generated. Western blotting result showed that the protein expression level of 4 transgenic mice in hearts were higher than that of wild type mice., Conclusion: Human GPx-1PSL transgenic mice was successfully established. This kind of animal model is of significance for making further researches on oxidative stress-related diseases.

Donkey meat samples (n = 167) from different parts of donkey body (neck, costalia, rump, and tendon), beef (n = 47), pork (n = 51) and mutton (n = 32) samples were used to establish near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) classification models in the spectra range of 4,000~12,500 cm(-1). The accuracies of classification models constructed by Mahalanobis distances analysis, soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM), respectively combined with pretreatment of Savitzky-Golay smooth (5, 15 and 25 points) and derivative (first and second), multiplicative scatter correction and standard normal variate, were compared. The optimal models for intact samples were obtained by Mahalanobis distances analysis with the first 11 principal components (PCs) from original spectra as inputs and by LS-SVM with the first 6 PCs as inputs, and correctly classified 100% of calibration set and 98. 96% of prediction set. For minced samples of 7 mm diameter the optimal result was attained by LS-SVM with the first 5 PCs from original spectra as inputs, which gained an accuracy of 100% for calibration and 97.53% for prediction. For minced diameter of 5 mm SIMCA model with the first 8 PCs from original spectra as inputs correctly classified 100% of calibration and prediction. And for minced diameter of 3 mm Mahalanobis distances analysis and SIMCA models both achieved 100% accuracy for calibration and prediction respectively with the first 7 and 9 PCs from original spectra as inputs. And in these models, donkey meat samples were all correctly classified with 100% either in calibration or prediction. The results show that it is feasible that NIR with chemometrics methods is used to discriminate donkey meat from the else meat.