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Objective To report a case of successful rescue of right eye blindness induced by hyaluronic acid (HA) filler rhinoplasty using super-selective intra-artery thrombolytic therapy (IAT) of the ophthalmic artery, and explore the characteristics, safety, and efficacy of super-selective ophthalmic artery IAT in treating ophthalmic artery embolism caused by HA through a review of the literature. Methods In July 2023, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital successfully treated a case of blindness caused by central retinal artery embolism due to HA with super-selective IAT of the ophthalmic artery, and the patient's vision returned to normal. A search was conducted in the database using the following keywords: cosmetic filler injection, hyaluronic acid (HA), soft tissue augmentation, blindness OR ophthalmoplegia, visual impairment OR retinal artery occlusion OR ophthalmic artery occlusion, hyaluronidase, intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy. The time limit for the search was from January 2010 to July 2023. The statistics included researchers, patient conditions, patient complication information, treatment information, and treatment outcomes. Results A total of 10 studies were included, with 6 from Chinese teams and 4 from Korean teams. These studies encompassed 114 patients including 1 case from the present study. All patients experienced vision loss or even blindness and received super-selective IAT of the ophthalmic artery. The thrombolytic agents used were hyaluronidase (93 cases) or urokinase (1 case), or a combination of both (17 cases). Currently, there is no unified protocol for the optimal dosage, dilution concentration, and treatment duration. When analysing the time of the first super-selective ophthalmic artery IAT treatment, the visual acuity before consultation, and the results of visual acuity improvement for patients with improved vision, it was found that the visual acuity improvement was not significantly correlated with whether or not the first super-selective ophthalmic artery IAT was performed within the time window (P>0.05), but significantly correlated with the extent of the patients' impaired visual acuity at the time of the super-selective ophthalmic artery IAT (P<0.05). Conclusion Super-selective IAT of the ophthalmic artery, using hyaluronidase and urokinase, can recanalize ophthalmic artery and its branches that have been embolized due to HA facial fillers, thereby restoring blood flow and improving impaired vision. However, the effect is limited. As an effective treatment for thrombolysis of HA-related intra-arterial embolism, super-selective ophthalmic artery IAT is still worth actively trying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the clinical value of ultrasound-guided interventional therapy in treatment of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO) in elderly patients, a total of 190 elderly patients with LEASO were enrolled, and the diseased blood vessels of all patients were examined by ultrasound. The ultrasound imaging findings of the lesions were observed and the vascular stenosis was evaluated. Ultrasound was used to evaluate the peak systolic blood flow velocity (PSV) and the hemodynamic changes of the dorsal foot artery before and after vascular intervention, and statistical analysis was performed. The results showed that compared with DSA, there was no significant difference between the detection rate of ultrasound for the degree of stenosis and the detection rate of lesions of different blood vessels (P>0.05). After treatment, the PSV at the lesion and the hemodynamic indicators of the dorsal foot artery ultrasound were significantly different from those before treatment. In summary, Ultrasound is an effective diagnostic method for LEASO, and it is also an effective detection method to monitor elderly patients with LEASO during vascular interventional therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : To explore the expression and significance of Amyloid beta (Aβ) in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration. Method : From September 2017 to May 2019, 72 patients (72 eyes) with wet age-related macular degeneration diagnosed and treated in our hospital were selected as the research subjects, the serum Aβ content were detected, and the general information and clinical characteristics of patients were investigated and were given correlation analysis. Result : The average serum Aβ content were in the 72 patients were 203.29β14.29 ng/mL, of which 40 patients were Aβ content ≥ 180 ng/mL. The choroid thickness of the Aβ positive group was significantly higher than that of the Aβ negative group (P<0.05). The end-diastolic blood flow velocity and peak systolic blood flow velocity in the Aβ-positive group were significantly lower than those in the Aβ-negative group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in gender, age, intraocular pressure, blood pressure, body mass index, and duration of disease in the Aβ-positive group compared with the Aβ-negative group (P>0.05). Linear correlation analysis showed significant correlations between serum Aβ content and choroid thickness, end-diastolic blood flow velocity, and peak systolic blood flow velocity of the affected ophthalmic artery (P<0.05). The Aβ content was positively correlated with choroid thickness (r= 0.566, P=0.003), and the Aβ content was negatively correlated with the end-diastolic blood flow velocity and peak systolic blood flow velocity of the affected ophthalmic artery (r=-0.673, P= 0.000; r=-0. 455, P=0.010). Conclusion : Aβ are highly expressed in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration. Serum Aβ content are related to choroid thickness, affected end-diastolic blood flow velocity and peak systolic blood flow velocity, and thus affects the progression of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective • To investigate the safety of treatment with ophthalmic artery cannulation for intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) in children with retinoblastoma (RB) during general anesthesia. Methods • A total of 60 children with RB who underwent ocular artery interventional chemotherapy under general anesthesia in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2015 to August 2018 were collected. Induction of anesthesia was performed with rapid induction of endotracheal intubation with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and rocuronium. Sevoflurane and oxygen\were administered for maintenance of general anesthesia, with intermittent injection of rocuronium and fentanyl. Intraoperative continuous monitoring oXhemodynamic parameters, respiratory parameters (EtC02, oxygen saturation and inspiratory peak pressure) and sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was performed, and intraoperative pulmonary compliance, hypoxemia, hypotension and other cardiopulmonary adverse events were observecKand recorded. Results • Over a 3-year period, 185 treatment sessions were performed in 60 patients. Thirty-two cardiopulmonary adverse events were observed in 20 patients, and the incidence rate was 17.2%, mainly including severe decrease in lung compliance, hypoxemia and arterial hypotension. All severe decreases in lung compliance occurred within 1 or 2 minutes after catheter insertion in the ophthalmic artery. After active treatment with propofol, phenylephrine and epinephrine, no death and permanent sequelae occured. Conclusion • An appreciable incidence of trigeminocardiac reflex to intra-ophthalmic artery infusion of chemotherapy in patients with RB is found. Both intcrvcntionalists and anesthesiologists should be aware of this potential event and be prepared to provide immediate resuscitative measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the clipping strategy of paraclinoid carotid aneurysms. Methods 11 le clinical data ol 11 patients with paraclinoid aneurysms who undenvent aneuiysm clipping in our department from February 2017 to October 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. According to modified Barami classification, 2 aneurysms were type I a,3 type I b,3 type II ,3 type HI a and 1 was type HI b. 5 aneurysms were clipped with balloon-assisted retrograde suction decompression in hybrid operation room. Clinical outcome was evaluated by Glasgow outcome scale ( GOS). Results All patients received the removal ol the anterior clinoid process. 5 aneurysms were clipped,and 6 aneurysms were treated with clip reconstruction. Among 4 patients received a doublelumen Merci guiding balloon and retrograde suction decompression,only 2 aneurysms were deflated, whereas the other 2 aneurysms did not collapse. Intraoperative angiography or postoperative CT angiography showed 10 aneurysms were successfully obliterated, and only 1 aneurysm was residue. One patient developed decreased vision, 1 patient had oculomotor paralysis. No aphasia or any limb paralysis occurred in all patients. Before discharge,all patients had good prognosis (GOS 4—5). Conclusions Clipping strategy ol paraclinoid carotid aneurysms depends on classification and aneurysm size. Straight clips were used in type I,whereas fenestrated clips were used frequently in type II and III. Balloon-assisted retrograde suction decompression in hybrid operating room seems to facilitate clipping ol large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the anatomical features of carotid ⁃ ophthalmic aneurysm and clinoid process and the surgical technique and outcome. Methods In this study there were 15 patients with carotid ⁃ ophthalmic aneurysm (12 patients ophthalmic aneurysm, 1 superior hypophsial aneurysm, 2 dorsal internal carotid aneurysm). Patients were treated by clipping procedure through pterional approach. During the procedure, intra⁃ and extra⁃cranial internal carotid arteries were temporarily occluded. Results Postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or CT angiography (CTA) examinations showed that the effect of clipping treatment was satisfactory in 13 patients, the blood flow was good in parent artery and distal artery. Visual acuity was improved in 2 cases with visual disturbance. After surgery only one case presented hemiparesis of contralateral limb. No severe operative ⁃ related complications occurred. All patients were followed up for 3-10 months (average 5 months) after surgery. The recovery was good. Conclusion Pterional approach combined with temporary blocking of intra ⁃ and extra ⁃ cranial internal carotid artery is an effective and safety surgical method for treating carotid⁃ophthalmic aneurysm. During operation, fluorescence imaging can immediately indicate whether there are residual aneurysm and narrow parent artery, so that it can help the physician to adjust the clipping procedure and achieve satisfactory effect. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2011.02.018

Objective: To explore the microsurgical treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms and evaluate its safety and efficacy. Methods: The data of 21 patients with 22 paraclinoid aneurysms receiving craniotomy between Jan. 2010 and Dec. 2017 in Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Barami K classification, 2 aneurysms were type Ⅰa, 6 type Ⅰb,7 typeⅡ,6 type Ⅲa,1 type Ⅳ. Out of the 17 cases of saccular aneurysms, 16 aneurysms were clipped and one aneurysm was trapped following high-flow EC-IC bypass. Out of the 5 cases of blood blister like aneurysms, 2 aneurysms were wrap-clipped, 2 aneurysms were trapped following high-flow EC-IC bypass and 1 aneurysm was trapped following STA-MCA bypass. The patients were reexamined with CT angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and followed up in outpatient or by phone call. Results: Seventeen patients with 18 paraclinoid aneurysms had received aneurysm clipping. Aneurysmal neck remnant was found in 2 cases, parent artery stenosis was found in 2 cases. In all of the four bypass cases, graft artery patency was confirmed and no recurrence of aneurysm was observed. The obliteration rate of the paraclinoid aneurysm was 91%(20/22). Eight cases with preoperative vision defect had recovered to some extent. New vision defect occurred in two cases. At discharge, 12 patients scored with Glasgow outcome scale 5, 6 patients scored 4, 2 patients scored 3, and one patient scored 1. Conclusion: Microsurgical treatment for paraclinoid aneurysm is a safe and effective method with high aneurysm obliteration rate and low aneurysm recurrence rate, and is thus a reasonable and effective complementary method for endovascular treatment.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of visual loss caused by cosmetic fillers injection. Methods: It was a retrospetive case series study. Collect the clinical data of 18 cases (18 eyes) which were diagnosed as visual loss caused by facial cosmetic fillers injection in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University during December, 2014 to June, 2016. Summarize the general condition, medical history, clinical examination results (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus condition, etc.) and the patient's facial appearance at the time of admission. Take the examinations such as VEP, FFA, OCT, etc. Confirm the composition of the fillers according to the medical history and the product packaging. After the diagnosis, all patients were treated generally combined with intraocular pressure reduction treatment and other treatment measures. Results: All the patients were female, 24-45 years old, with average age of 33.4. The fillers were mainly consisted of hyaluronic acid or autologous fat. For 6 patients the fillers were injected in the forehead, 8 patients were in the nose, the other 4 patients were in both sites. The mean time was 31.7 hours since the onset to the acceptance of medical treatment. All the patients manifested as no light perception, injection site ischemia, different degree of ptosis and fundus examination showed artery occlusion signs. Seventeen patients were central retinal artery occlusion, one was posterior ciliary artery occlusion. After active treatment, 2 patients' visual acuity improved to light perception, one improved to hand movements, while the others had no significant improvement. Conclusions: Most patients who suffered visual loss after cosmetic injections are young or middle-aged women, with most common injection sites at nose or forehead. The visual loss is mainly caused by central retinal artery occlusion which leads to an ineffective clinical treatment. The main factors that may induce artery occlusion are: injection done by informal medical organization, use of non-standard drugs, inadequate understanding of facial anatomy of the operator, and improper injection methods.(Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 594-598).

Intravenous chemotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) both are the first-line treatment for retinoblastoma (RB) in clinical. There is a controversy on if intra-arterial chemotherapy can substitute the intravenous chemotherapy due to its high eye salvage rate in retinoblastoma therapy. The advantages and disadvantages of these two therapies were retrospectively reviewed here to suggest an individualized and comprehensive regimen for getting the proximal results for retinoblastoma afflicted children. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 566 - 569) .

Objective: To investigate the safety of treatment with ophthalmic artery cannulation for intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for children with intraocular retinoblastoma (RB)., Method: In the RB Treatment Center of General Hospital of Armed Police Forces between January 2009 and September 2011, 42 patients who were diagnosed intraocular RB and treated with ophthalmic artery cannulation for IAC, 8 patients were treated 1 circle, 31 patients were treated 2 circles and 3 patients were treated 3 circles (total, 96 times). Each month had IAC once. The ophthalmic and the whole body evaluations were performed during IAC and after IAC for each circle, the blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (Scr), CK-MB content before and after IAC for 1 circle, 2 circles and 3 circles were determined., Result: (1) In 52 eyes of 42 patients, 44 eyes (84.6%) were in remission. (2) Successful IAC was achieved in all cases, no severe side effects occurred during IAC. (3) The main ophthalmic complications were eyelid edema and blepharoptosis after IAC, the incidence for 1 circle was 18% (2/11) and 9% (1/11); for 2 circles was 29% (11/38) and 21% (8/38); for 3 circles was all 100% (3/3). The rare complications were vitreous hemorrhage and heterotropia, the incidence was all 2% (1/42). The incidence of eyelid edema and blepharoptosis had no significant differences for 1 circle IAC compared with 2 circles (P > 0.05); the incidence of eyelid edema and blepharoptosis had significant differences for 3 circles IAC compared with 2 circles and 1 circle (P < 0.01). (4) No fever, septicemia and other systemic toxic effects occurred. (5) ALT of 19% patients (8/42) elevated temporarily and CK-MB of 24% patients (10/42) increased. The blood cell counts, ALT, Scr, and CK-MB content before IAC had no significant differences compared with that at 24 h after IAC for 1 circle, 2 circles and 3 circles (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Ophthalmic artery cannulation for IAC is a safe and effective method in treating intraocular stage retinoblastoma.

Objective: To observe the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and posterior ciliary artery (PCA) blood flow and the changes of eye vascular auto-regulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS)., Methods: It was a case-control study. Fifteen health overweight male adult (as normal control) and 42 patients with OSAS were randomly selected from examination center and sleep detection center, respectively. The OSAS patients were divided into mild (14 patients) and moderate and severe (28 patients) groups based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). All subjects filled the sleep questionnaire and carried out polysomnogram monitoring all night for at least 7 hours. Fasting peripheral venous blood was collected at 7 AM on next day. The end-tidal CO(2) (ETCO(2)), intraocular pressure and color doppler sonography were examined next day to record the data in the inspection process before and after Mueller maneuver. Doppler ultrasound measurement of ocular blood flow diameter and blood flow velocity values were described in the median (max, min) and compared with Kruskal-Wallis test. And then two groups were compared with Bonferroni t test. Ocular blood flow velocity of patients with OSAS and PSG monitoring indicators were analyzed using partial correlation analysis., Results: OA inner diameter in moderate and severe OSAS group [0.08 (0.15, 0.06) cm] was lower than that in healthy control [0.15 (0.26, 0.11) cm] and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). PCA inner diameter in moderate and severe OSAS group [0.10 (0.13, 0.07) cm] were higher than that in healthy controls [0.05 (0.09, 0.04) cm]. CRA peak systolic velocity (PSV) in moderate and severe OSAS group [16.50 (19.40, 13.10) cm/s] was greater than that in healthy controls [11.30 (16.70, 8.20) cm/s]. The differences between these two groups were statistically significant (PCA inner diameter: P = 0.000, CRA-PSV: P = 0.001). The difference of CRA end diastolic velocity (EDV) between the moderate and severe group [8.90 (9.90, 5.10) cm/s], mild group [7.00 (8.30, 4.50) cm/s] and healthy control group [5.50 (7.40, 3.40) cm/s] was statistically significant (χ(2) = 14.45, P < 0.05). PCA-PSV [32.50 (43.10, 19.10) cm/s] and PCA-EDV [12.80 (15.20, 5.70) cm/s] in the moderate and severe group were higher than those in healthy control group [22.60 (32.20, 12.40) cm/s] and [7.20 (11.20, 3.90) cm/s], as well as those in the mild group [24.00 (30.70, 13.30) cm/s] and [8.00 (9.90, 3.90) cm/s]. These differences were statistically significant (PCA-PSV: P = 0.000, 0.002; PCA-EDV: P = 0.000, 0.001). The diameter of OA and PCA correlated negatively with ETCO(2) (r = -0.41, -0.34; P < 0.05); CRA-PSV was correlated with SaO2 min (r = -0.37, P < 0.05). CRA-EDV was correlated with ETCO(2) and SaO2 mean (r = 0.57, -0.39; P < 0.05). PCA-PSV was correlated with SaO2 min and MAI (r = -0.34, 0.56; P < 0.05). PCA-EDV was correlated SaO2 min and MAI (r = -0.29, 0.61; P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The diameter and blood flow of OA, PCA and CRA change in OSAS patients. Compared with non-OSAS patients, the autoregulation function of PCA and CRA is weakened in OSAS patients.

Objective: To investigate the operative modalities and outcomes of 28 cases of ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid artery., Methods: Twenty-eight cases of ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid artery were operated on from May 2004 to August 2009. Of all 28 cases, 20 were large or giant. Nineteen aneurysms were directly clipped or resected with internal carotid artery revascularization. Since 2006, high-flow extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass were available and performed in 9 patients of large or giant aneurysms and then the aneurysms were resected or trapped., Results: Seventeen patients underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA), computed tomography angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) postoperatively. The images demonstrated that 5 grafts of bypass were in patency, and 2 were occluded. Only 1 aneurysm was partially clipped and the others disappeared on imaging. The 78% of these cases had good results (GOS 4-5). One patient died after EC-IC bypass due to neck hematoma., Conclusions: The treatment of ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid artery, especially the large and giant ones, remains a challenge for neurovascular neurosurgeon. The accessory high-flow EC-IC bypass procedures and selection of suitable aneurysm clips are very important to improve the effectiveness of the operation.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of the retrobulbar blood vessels' hemodynamics changes and the choroidal circulation disorder, and to observe the relations between retinal pigment epithelium's (RPE) pathological changes and them., Methods: It was a case control study. For 57 (57 affected eyes and 57 contralateral eyes) unilateral eye affected patients and 25 (50 eyes) normal health adults, we examined ophthalmic arteries (OA), posterior ciliary arteries (PCA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) by color Doppler flow Imaging (CDFI), and recorded the peak systolic velocities (PSV), end diastolic velocities (EDV) and resistance indexes (RI) of them. We compared each hemodynamic parameter of the normal eyes with it of the affected eyes and contralateral eyes in patients group respectively, and contrasted them between affected eyes and contralateral eyes of the patients. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed simultaneously on 57 patients with Heidelberg retina angiography, and the images were analyzed in contrast. We used SPSS 12.0 statistics software was used in the study. To the PSV, EDV and RI of the OA, PCA and SPCA in affected eyes and contralateral eyes of the patients, we used paired t-test for the same sample to compare their hemodynamic parameters; to compare normal health adults' eyes with the affected eyes and the contralateral eyes of patients group respectively, we used two-group t-test. When the P-value was less than 0.05, there was a statistical significance., Results: There was a more significant decrease of the hemodynamic parameters in both PSVs and EDVs of temporal PCAs (PSV: t = 3.044, P = 0.005; EDV: t = 3.731, P = 0.001) and temporal SPCAs (PSV: t = 2.822, P = 0.008; EDV: t = 3.194, P = 0.003) compared the patients group's affected eyes with normal health adults group eyes, there was a more significant decrease of them of temporal PCAs (PSV: t = 3.219, P = 0.003; EDV: t = 3.807, P = 0.001) and temporal SPCAs (PSV: t = 3.931, P = 0.000, EDV: t = 3.145, P = 0.003) compared the patients group's contralateral eyes with normal health adults group eyes, and there was a statistical significance of them (P < 0.05). There was no difference in hemodynamic parameters of both PSVs and EDVs of temporal PCAs (PSV: t = 0.608, P = 0.548; EDV: t = 0.122, P = 0.904) and temporal SPCAs (PSV: t = 0.730, P = 0.470; EDV: t = 0.109, P = 0.914) between affected eyes and contralateral eyes of the patients, and there was no statistical significance of them (P > 0.05). The results of FFA and ICGA showed that all the RPE's leaks of 57 affected eyes appeared at the hypofluorescent regions of relative choroids; 52 cases of 57 affected eyes were followed by choroidal vessels dilatation at the early hypofluorescent regions, and appeared hyperfluorescence leakages in the late phase images; At the all regions of RPE's transmitted fluorescences of affected eyes and contralateral eyes, the corresponding choroids showed hyperfluorescence in the late phase images in ICGA; There were no RPE's transmitted fluorescences at the regions of 20 affected eyes and 16 contralateral eyes in FFA, which showed hyperfluoresceince leakages in the late phase images of choroids in ICGA., Conclusions: CSC is possibly a bilateral disease associated with systemic pathologic conditions. Hypoperfusion and ischemia are the basal characteristics of retrobulbar blood vessels' circulation disorder and choroidal ultracirculation disorder. The damage of RPE is following to the choroidal circulation disorder.

Objective: To evaluate a retro-grade auricular flap for repairing large alar defects., Methods: Twenty-nine adult cadavers were anatomically used for vascular investigation of the frontal, nasal and temporal regions by injecting a dye into the main vessels. Based on the anatomical study in these regions, a retro-grade auricular flap was designed for repairing alar defects in 16 patients., Results: The blood supply of the auricle could be nourished by the inner carotid artery system from the supratrachlear artery and supraorbital artery through the frontal arterial anastomotical network into the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery. It is then passing the main trunk of the superficial temporal artery into the ear area through the auricular branches of the superficial temporal artery. The retro-grade auricular island flap could be formed by basing the supratrachlear artery and the supraorbital artery through the vascular network between the superficial temporal artery and the supratrachlear artery or the supraorbital artery. Sixteen patients with large alar defects and half-sized nasal defects were successfully repaired by this technique., Conclusions: The retro-grade auricular island flap, based on the inner carotid artery system, could be a good and safe flap for repairing a large alar defect or half-sized nasal reconstruction.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of thrombolysis via superselective ophthalmic artery catheterization for treatment of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)., Method: Urokinase was directly infused via ophthalmic artery (OA) or common carotid artery by catheterization after angiography into 4 eyes of 4 patients with CRAO, The times of onset ranging from 7 to 14 days., Results: The visual acuity was significantly improved in 2 eyes. No visual change was found in 2 eyes in which the beginning part of internal carotid artery (ICA) or OA was occluded. There was no complications., Conclusions: Good results were obtained in the eyes in which thrombolysis was launched early in the course of the disease and urokinase was successfully infused into the OA. It seems that there is no effect for the eyes complicated with occlusion in ICA and OA.