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Objective In recent years, there has been an explosive growth in data communication traffic. To address the demands for high-speed, high-capacity data transmission and the diversification of network application scenarios, 100 Gbit/s and Beyond (B100 Gbit/s) Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) hybrid networking has gradually gained attention as an efficient solution. This paper conducts an analysis of the requirements, key technologies, and practical case studies of B100 Gbit/s DWDM hybrid networking to provide technical support and guidance for constructing high-capacity and efficient communication networks. Methods This paper first elucidates the requirements for the development of B100 Gbit/s DWDM hybrid networks, including the need for network capacity expansion and support for complex network architectures. Next, it focuses on introducing the key technologies of B100 Gbit/s DWDM hybrid networking, including constellation shaping, spectrum shaping, and flexible grid techniques. To support bitrate design in hybrid networking, a method for Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) calculation in cascaded Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) communication systems is presented, utilizing parameters such as channel configuration information, signal optical power after transmitter, gain and noise parameters of EDFAs, to progressively calculate the output OSNR for each wavelength along the entire link. Finally, in conjunction with a foreign network case study and based on actual OSNR evaluation findings, a rational hybrid rate network design is performed, demonstrating the practical application of B100 Gbit/s DWDM hybrid networking in engineering projects. Results By employing B100 Gbit/s DWDM hybrid network, after flexibly configuring transmission rates and bandwidths according to OSNR evaluations, the deployment of hybrid rate networks at 200, 600 and 800 Gbit/s is achieved. This approach fulfills the high-capacity requirements of core sites while accommodating the long-distance, extensive span requirements of edge sites. Furthermore, network upgrades and expansion were smoothly accomplished within a three-year period. Conclusion Empirical evidence demonstrates that B100 Gbit/s DWDM networking effectively enhances network capacity, flexibility, and spectrum resource utilization. Moreover, it provides room for the continuous evolution of the networks, serving as a vital methods to advance the development of high-capacity optical transmission networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cs2 LiLaBr6: Ce(CLLB: Ce) crystal has excellent neutron-gamma dual readout performance, while its application bottleneck is to grow single crystals with large size and high optical quality. In this study, non-stoichiometric ratio was used to avoid the phase region of in-congruent CLLB: Ce. By improved Bridgman furnace, optimizing the temperature field and reducing the lowering speed, the constitutional supercooling was overcame and the stability of the growth interface was maintained during the crystal growth process. 1-inch diameter CLLB: Ce crystal ingot was obtained, the length of the equal diameter transparent part is 40 mm, the proportion of single crystal increases from 52% to 79%, and the optical transmittance in the visible light region is above 70%. The energy resolution of CLLB: Ce is about 3.7% under 137Cs excitation while the Figure-of- Merit of CLLB: Ce is about 1.42 under 252Cf excitation. This shows good properties for discriminating gamma-ray and neutron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)