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This study investigated the possible effects of genetic and environmental gender differences in effect on individual differences by using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) with twins. A sex/gender-limitation analysis, a behavior genetics methodology was used to the following: (a) effects of gender-specific genes, (b) gender differences in quantitative genetic effects, (c) effects of gender-specific shared environment, (d) gender differences of quantitative shared environment, and (e)gender differences of quantitative nonshared environment. Participants were adolescent and adult twins, including 111 identical male pairs, 241 identical female pairs, 36 fraternal male pairs, 65 fraternal female pairs, and 58 opposite-gender pairs. The results indicated that although masculinity and femininity were explained by genetic factors to some extent, there were no significant gender differences in the genetic factors. Moreover, because our data did not support a model which explained gender differences in the effects of specific common environment factors, no evidence was found to support the prenatal hormonal hypothesis or the existence of parenting which encouraged children's gender role personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between high heart rate, incidence of cardiovascular complications, and cardiovascular death has been established in each group of general inhabitants, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Lifestyle modification such as eating and exercise habit is recommended as a basic means of preventing lifestyle-related diseases. Our researches on the relationship between heart rate and risk factors for lifestyle-related disease in the case of athletes, who have an established exercise habit, showed that many of them have a high heart rate. And furthermore it showed that the higher their heart rate, the higher their levels of triglyceride, mean blood pressure, and the lower their levels of HDL-cholesterol. This may mean that they have a high risk of developing lifestyle--relates diseases in the future. Therefore even athletes should make efforts to avoid developing lifestyle-related diseases, which accompany the increase of heart rate at rest : they need appropriate guidance as to lifestyle-related disease and regular checkups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that functional polypropylenes having styrene and methacrylate group at the chain end are prepared by living polymerization with soluble tris(2-methyl-1,3-butandionato) vanadium/diethyl aluminum chloride catalyst system. Copolymerizatio of functional polypropylene with another monomer can produce a new graft copolymer having polypropylene as a side chain. We obtained a graft copolymer with polystyrene and polypropylene by copolymerization of styrene with functional polypropylene by using Ti complex/MAO catalyst system. Another graft copolymer having polyacrylic acid and polypropylene was synthesized by radical copolymerization with acrylic acid and functional polypropylene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]